• Overall, the data suggest that microtubules play an important role in regulating cell tensegrity (e.g. by counteracting tension within the f-actin cytoskeleton) and/or contractility (e.g. by sequestering Rho-GEF) in corneal fibroblasts within 3-D collagen matrices. (arvojournals.org)
  • Overall, the effect of microtubule disruption appears to be enhanced in cells with a well organized cytoskeleton and greater pre-existing contractile forces. (arvojournals.org)
  • Our findings provide important new insight into the mode of interaction between Theileria and the host cell cytoskeleton. (edu.sa)
  • In addition to these results, our algorithm is designed to be easily adaptable to other tissues, mutants and plants, and so will be a valuable asset for the study and future biological engineering of the actin cytoskeleton in globally-important crops. (biorxiv.org)
  • Nowhere is this more important than for the cytoskeleton, where resolution-limited imaging data can make network extraction extremely difficult. (biorxiv.org)
  • The cytoskeleton is typically divided into three distinct components: microtubules, intermediate filaments and actin[ 4 , 5 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • en] The cytoskeleton is an important system in health and disease. (uni.lu)
  • Testin is one of these cytoskeletal proteins described in important processes involving the actin cytoskeleton such as cell migration and cell spreading. (uni.lu)
  • This thesis is dedicated to the study of testin during the cell division process which is mainly regulated by the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. (uni.lu)
  • Stathmin /oncoprotein 18, also known as STMN1, performs an important function in regulating rapid microtubule remodeling of the cytoskeleton in response to the cell's needs. (biolynxtec.com)
  • Flagella are complex molecular machines that consists of up to 1000 different proteins, which are neatly arranged around a complex microtubule cytoskeleton consisting of nine doublet microtubules surrounding two central singlet microtubules. (lu.se)
  • Dynein transports various cellular cargos , provides forces and displacements important in mitosis , and drives the beat of eukaryotic cilia and flagella . (wikipedia.org)
  • Melo-Hanchuk TD, Kobarg J. Polyglutamylase activity of tubulin tyrosine ligase-like 4 is negatively regulated by the never in mitosis gene A family kinase never in mitosis gene A -related kinase 5. (wjgnet.com)
  • Our data reveal a spindle-directed signalling pathway that regulates SCAR activity, migration and adhesion at mitosis. (biologists.com)
  • Mitosis is an important stage in the cell cycle when the duplicated chromosomes are segregated to the daughter cells. (virginia.edu)
  • Aurora-B, which is a member of the Chromosome Passenger Complex (CPC), is a key mitotic kinase and plays an important role in ensuring high fidelity mitosis by phosphorylating numerous substrates in the mitotic spindle. (virginia.edu)
  • This localization of the CPC to the inner-centromere is important for the concentration-dependent autoactivation of the CPC during mitosis. (virginia.edu)
  • Apart from regulating kinetochore-microtubule attachment Aurora-B also regulates the assembly of the outer kinetochore during mitosis. (virginia.edu)
  • Aurora-B activity at the kinetochore changes in response to the kinetochore-microtubule attachment status and this change is important for proper mitosis. (virginia.edu)
  • It induces mitosis by activating nuclear enzymes that regulate chromatin condensation, nuclear membrane degradation, mitosis-specific microtubule and cytoskeletal reorganization. (umbc.edu)
  • Taken together, these data suggest that, in addition to its important role in actin-based processes in interphase, testin, a novel midbody bulge protein is involved in mitosis where it appears required for the integrity of a microtubule structure. (uni.lu)
  • SPC24 is an important component of the nuclear division cycle 80 (Ndc80) kinetochore complex, which plays an essential role in the coupling of kinetochore to spindle microtubules (MTs) and the accurate segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cytoplasmic dynein positions the spindle at the site of cytokinesis by anchoring to the cell cortex and pulling on astral microtubules emanating from centrosome . (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies in tissue culture cells indicate that actin- and myosin-based cortical flow is primarily responsible for driving late centrosome separation, whereas other studies suggest that actin plays a more passive role by serving as an attachment site for astral microtubules to pull centrosomes apart. (escholarship.org)
  • In his embryos, astral microtubules, which extend out to the cortex were primarily responsible for initiating a furrow, however, smaller somatic cells seem to position the furrow through the overlapping antiparallel central spindle. (escholarship.org)
  • Our findings show that during the syncytial divisions, key conserved central spindle components Centralspindlin complex, Polo, and Fascetto (Prc1) all localize to regions of overlap astral microtubules during furrow formation. (escholarship.org)
  • RhoGEF2 instead localizes to the overlap astral microtubules of the syncytial divisions. (escholarship.org)
  • These studies demonstrate that the early Drosophila embryo is primed to form furrows at either the overlapping astral microtubules or central spindle with the shift to the latter being driven in large part by a corresponding shift from maternal-to-zygotic forms of RhoGEF. (escholarship.org)
  • ASPM and CITK regulate spindle orientation by affecting the dynamics of astral microtubules. (ox.ac.uk)
  • ASPM and CITK affect the organization of astral microtubules (MT), and low doses of MT-stabilizing drug revert the spindle orientation phenotype produced by their knockdown. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Protein tau is a major microtubule-associated protein in the vertebrate nervous system. (europa.eu)
  • Many viruses use the microtubule transport system to transport nucleic acid/protein cores to intracellular replication sites after invasion host the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • By regulating filamentous actin, Cdc42 and Rac exert a profound effect on cell shape, polarity, migration, cell:cell and cell:matrix adhesion, protein traffic, and cytokinesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, they play important roles in gene transcription (via activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways and, in higher eukaryotes, the transcription factor NFκB), generation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and cell-cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protein localizes to the cytoplasmic microtubule network and binds APCL, a homolog of the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor gene. (nih.gov)
  • NMR resonance assignment and structure prediction of the C-terminal domain of the microtubule end-binding protein 3. (nih.gov)
  • The nuclear membrane protein SUN1 stabilizes endothelial cell-cell junctions far from the nucleus via regulation of microtubule dynamics and Rho GEF-H1 signaling, revealing long-range cellular communication important for vascular development and function. (elifesciences.org)
  • We also find that the microtubule end-binding protein EB1 is required to restrict SCAR localisation and direct migration. (biologists.com)
  • Several anterograde and retrograde signaling pathways, including the canonical Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) pathway , regulate synaptic development in vertebrates and invertebrates. (sdbonline.org)
  • Microtubule-associated protein/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases (MARKs)/PAR-1 are common regulators of cell polarity that are conserved from nematode to human. (elsevierpure.com)
  • SH3-containing GRB2-like protein 3-interacting protein 1 (Sgip1) is a brain-enriched protein that regulates clathrin-mediated endocytosis and interferes with the internalization of cannabinoid receptor 1. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Microtubule-Stabilizing Protein CLASP1 Associates with the Theileria annulata Schizont Surface via Its Kinetochore-Binding Domain. (edu.sa)
  • CDK1 is also called Cell division control protein 2 (Cdc2) or p34 protein kinase, and is regulated by cyclins A, B, and E. The CDK1/cyclin A complex controls G2 phase entry and progression. (umbc.edu)
  • Here we sought to determine whether the microtubule-severing protein known as katanin mediates microtubule release from the neuronal centrosome. (silverchair.com)
  • This structure forms an interrupted helix and binds to the inside surface of the tubulin heterodimer, the protein that forms microtubules. (lu.se)
  • These neuronal phenotypes are accompanied by increased microtubule acetylation and polymerization rates. (elifesciences.org)
  • Together, our data support a model in which the V409I/A mutations disrupt microtubule regulation typically conferred by XMAP215 proteins during neuronal morphogenesis and migration, and this impact on tubulin activity at the molecular level scales with the impact at the cellular and tissue levels. (elifesciences.org)
  • It regulates neuronal migration and microtubule function. (bvsalud.org)
  • Several lines of evidence suggest that microtubules are nucleated at the neuronal centrosome, and then released for transport into axons and dendrites. (silverchair.com)
  • These results indicate that microtubule-severing by katanin is essential for releasing microtubules from the neuronal centrosome, and also for regulating the length of the microtubules after their release. (silverchair.com)
  • Dyneins are a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that move along microtubules in cells . (wikipedia.org)
  • Microtubules, the cytoskeletal component with the widest cross-section at about 25nm in diameter, are hollow tubes consisting of repeated α - and β -tubulin sub-units[ 6 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • One primary focus of the Lowery Lab research is to investigate how cytoskeletal dynamics are regulated to drive cell motility in both normal and pathological conditions. (lowerylab.org)
  • The morphology and physiology of axons crucially depends on the parallel bundles of microtubules (MTs), running all along to serve as their structural backbones and highways for life-sustaining cargo transport and organelle dynamics. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Recent studies using improved Ub detection methods have confirmed that tubulin is ubiquitinated 9-11 , a modification which regulates α/β-tubulin turnover as well as MT dynamics and function. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Our studies show that the dynamics of actin polymerization drive centrosome separation and this has important implications for centrosome positioning during processes such as cell migration, cell polarity maintenance, and asymmetric cell division. (escholarship.org)
  • This effector may be important for mediating ErbB2-regulated changes in actin and MT dynamics during cell motility. (ecmbio.com)
  • In addition, Memo may regulate actin dynamics by promoting cofilin depolymerizing and severing of F-actin. (ecmbio.com)
  • Nocodazole induced rapid microtubule disruption which resulted in cellular contraction at both 3 hours and 24 hours. (arvojournals.org)
  • [2] [3] Dynein carries organelles, vesicles and possibly microtubule fragments along the axons of neurons toward the cell body in a process called retrograde axonal transport . (wikipedia.org)
  • A gradual loss of neurons in areas of the brain that regulate movement, emotion, and breathing underlies the signs and symptoms of Perry syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Brain cells called astrocytes play a key role in helping neurons develop and function properly, but there's still a lot scientists don't understand about how astrocytes perform these important jobs. (sciforums.com)
  • As our lab began to focus on microtubule regulation in neurons, we then explored out +TIPs function in other cell types, such as embryonic neural crest cells. (lowerylab.org)
  • Consistent with this idea, there were significantly fewer free ends of microtubules in the cell bodies of neurons that had been injected with the katanin antibody compared with controls. (silverchair.com)
  • One proposed mechanism has been based on TPX2's role in directly suppressing tubulin subunit off-rates at the microtubule tip during microtubule assembly and disassembly, verified by fluorescence microscopy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Computational simulations speculate that TPX2 suppresses tubulin subunit kinetics at the microtubule tip by randomly increasing the bond stability between adjacent tubulin subunits. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rabbit and human corneal fibroblasts transfected to express GFP-zyxin (to label focal adhesions) or GFP-tubulin (to label microtubules) were plated at low density inside 100 µm thick type I collagen matrices. (arvojournals.org)
  • Considering the diversity of microtubule polyglutamylation and the existence of many non-tubulin substrates, it is important to understand how the effector enzymes, the tubulin ligase-like (TTLL) proteins, are regulated. (wjgnet.com)
  • Post-translational modification of tubulin provides differential functions to microtubule networks. (xenbase.org)
  • To determine the molecular mechanisms, we modeled the V409I/A mutants in budding yeast and found that they promote intrinsically faster microtubule polymerization rates in cells and in reconstitution experiments with purified tubulin. (elifesciences.org)
  • for instance, some studies identified Ub as a mechanism for tubulin turnover 11,12 , while others suggest it is important for stabilization 13 . (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Furthermore, few studies have examined how mono- or chain specific-ubiquitination physiologically regulates tubulin monomers, a/b heterodimers, and MTs. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • It is one of the many spindle assembly factors that play a key role in inducing microtubule assembly and growth during M phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, TPX2 has been shown to be important in chromatin-dependent spindle assembly. (wikipedia.org)
  • Even with duplicated centrosomes, TPX2 has been demonstrated to be required for formation of a stable bipolar spindle with overlapping antiparallel microtubule arrays. (wikipedia.org)
  • More specifically, TPX2 contributes to microtubule branching during spindle assembly by cooperating with augmin in order to amplify microtubule mass and preserve its polarity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upon cellularization, the furrow positioning seems to shift from astral microtubule-based to central spindle-based. (escholarship.org)
  • This mechanism has been involved in microcephaly resulting from mutation of ASPM, the most frequently affected gene in autosomal recessive human primary microcephaly (MCPH), but it is presently unknown how ASPM regulates spindle orientation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • TPX2 is also important in activating and recruiting Aurora A kinase, a kinase responsible for phosphorylating TPX2 and essential for cell proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the presence of nuclear import factor importin α, TPX2 is bound and prevented from binding Aurora A kinase, though it is still able to bind microtubules via its amino-terminal domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study demonstrated that the Receptor for Activated C-Kinase 1 (RACK1) is important in SC function. (sdbonline.org)
  • The findings imply two integrin-regulated checkpoints in the ERK cascade: the regulation of growth factor activation of ERK and the accumulation of active ERK in the nucleus. (rupress.org)
  • Conversely, down regulation of testin leads to a perturbation of the nuclear shape and the microtubule structure of the midbody. (uni.lu)
  • Our lab's research initially began with a focus on investigating the regulation of the plus-ends of microtubules, which play a key role in axon guidance. (lowerylab.org)
  • More recently, we have begun to turn our attention to microtubule regulation during cancer metastasis, and we have funding from the Ellison Foundation. (lowerylab.org)
  • One of our favorite side projects was a collaboration with the Gubbels lab (Boston College), which studies microtubule regulation in Toxoplasma gandii. (lowerylab.org)
  • Cytoplasmic CPSF6 Regulates HIV-1 Capsid Trafficking and Infection in a Cyclophilin A-Dependent Manner. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our data reveal an interplay between CPSF6 and CypA that is important for cytoplasmic capsid trafficking and HIV-1 infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this review we will highlight mechanisms that control targeting of PSD-95 at the synapse, and discuss how this molecule influences the retention and clustering of diverse synaptic proteins to regulate synaptic structure and strength. (frontiersin.org)
  • Instead, the experiments suggest that Tao negatively regulates BMP signaling as reduction of Tao leads to an increase in pMad levels in motor neuron nuclei and an increase in BMP target gene expression. (sdbonline.org)
  • The combination of growth factors and RTKs can activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and negatively regulate TSC1/2, promoting Rheb to become GTP loaded, which can activate mTORC1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • dGLYAT was found to regulate Gadd45 -mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
  • With the help of the DAVID program, the most important KEGG pathway corresponding to the gene cluster and insulin resistance was found. (bvsalud.org)
  • Given the proteasome's role in regulated degradation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins and its dysfunction in cancer, researchers posited that inhibition of the proteasome may be effective for treating cancer cachexia (wasting syndrome) 4 . (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Insulin receptors are regulated by endocytosis, a process that removes receptors from the cell surface to be marked for degradation or for re-use. (bvsalud.org)
  • Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This process is thought to be regulated by molecules that regulate synapse number, morphology and strength. (frontiersin.org)
  • A microscopic membrane made up of lipids and proteins which forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm. (eduhyme.com)
  • Movement occurs when motor molecules attached to one doublet microtubule walks on the neighboring microtubule creating a bend on the flagellum. (lu.se)
  • Regeneration is mediated by the molecular processes that regulate gene expression to control tissue renewal, restoration and growth. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Is consciousness to be found in quantum processes in microtubules? (sciforums.com)
  • Loss of balance between these two fundamental processes can explain the development of axonopathies, in particular those linking to MT-regulating proteins, motors and transport defects. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • In addition, previous studies have shown that lysosomes may play important roles in cancer development and progression through the abovementioned biological processes and that the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes are closely related to cancer cell proliferation, energy metabolism, invasion and metastasis, immune escape and tumor-associated angiogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It may be that katanin severs microtubules throughout the cell body to keep them sufficiently short to be efficiently transported into developing processes. (silverchair.com)
  • The microtubules within these processes have a consistent 13-protofilament lattice and are tightly regulated with regard to their polarity orientation. (silverchair.com)
  • In this project, tau and two of its most important kinases were characterised in different contexts and several new functions were determined. (europa.eu)
  • describe an additional integrin-regulated checkpoint in the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) by growth factors. (rupress.org)
  • CDK1/cyclin A2 has also been implicated as an important regulator of S phase events. (umbc.edu)
  • For instance, the association of mitochondria with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in a juxtaposition known as Mitochondria-Associated Membrane (MAM), has an important role in controlling mitochondria biogenesis, Ca 2+ release, and lipid synthesis and apoptosis [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It may play a role in regulating apoptosis under these conditions. (umbc.edu)
  • It plays a role in microtubule nucleation and is regulated by importin proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • TPX2 serves as a complement, depleting importin α affinity in order to allow RanGTP-induced microtubule nucleation. (wikipedia.org)
  • This leads to inhibition of M phase microtubule nucleation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanism by which TPX2 promotes microtubule nucleation has yet to be determined. (wikipedia.org)
  • TPX2's stabilization of the microtubule in its polymer form therefore contributes to microtubule nucleation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Branching nucleation by TPX2 is observed without RanGTP, though more fan-shaped microtubule structures are formed when both RanGTP and TPX2 are present. (wikipedia.org)
  • The TPX2 region necessary for branching microtubule nucleation resides in its carboxy-terminal half (amino acids 319-716), with TPX2 domains α5-7 as the minimal necessary requirement and domains α3-4 serving as contributors to nucleation efficiency by enabling earlier induction at faster rates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Finally, CITK regulates both astral-MT nucleation and stability. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Because endogenous chemicals bind and activate FXR, it is important to examine which xenobiotic compounds would disrupt normal receptor function. (nature.com)
  • During time-lapse image, fresh media buffered with HEPES was continuously perfused through the dish and temperature was maintained at 37°C. After 1-2 hours, cells were treated with cytochalasin D (to disrupt f-actin) and/or nocodazole (to depolymerize microtubules). (arvojournals.org)
  • This continues for 10 minutes after division before the daughter cells revert to normal random motility, indicating that this is a tightly regulated process. (biologists.com)
  • In adherent cells, treatment with cytochalasin D, but not colchicine, inhibits nuclear translocation and downstream activity of ERK, suggesting that integrin-actin interactions, but not intact microtubules, are important for ERK translocation. (rupress.org)
  • TRPML1-mediated lysosomal calcium release can also dephosphorylate TFEB and promote its nuclear translocation and regulate lysosome biogenesis, autophagy, and lipid metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A collaboration between researchers in the Department of Biomedical Engineering and the College of Medicine at Texas A&M University identifies the crucial role of minerals in regulating gene expression, thus controlling the number of proteins that a cell should make, thereby encouraging tissue regeneration and redefining cellular identity. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These nanoparticles are known specifically as nanosilicates, and with them, the team is able to determine the role of minerals in regulating gene expression profiles to direct stem cell differentiation. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Microtubules play an important role in regulating the morphology and motility of a variety of cells on 2-D substrates. (arvojournals.org)
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of microtubules in modulating corneal fibroblast structure and mechanical behavior using 4-dimensional imaging of cells in 3-D culture. (arvojournals.org)
  • It is an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX serine protease that plays an important role in the development of the central nervous system. (bvsalud.org)
  • In plants, microtubules retain a role in cell division but also guide cell wall development through their relationship with wall-building enzyme complexes in the plasma membrane[ 9 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • In Chapter 4, I will present data that suggests that different pathways play a role in the maintenance of the outer kinetochore before and after mature kinetochore-microtubule attachment. (virginia.edu)
  • Mutations in the DCTN1 gene alter the structure of dynactin-1, making it less able to attach (bind) to microtubules and transport materials within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Currently, much is known about MTs and the proteins that bind and regulate them, but very little about how these factors functionally integrate to regulate axon biology. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Understanding how these bundles are formed and then maintained will provide important explanations for axon biology and pathology. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • In contrast, TPX2 is freed from inhibition by displacement of importin α via RanGTP, though RanGTP is not required for free TPX2 activity, as TPX2 has been shown to induce microtubule assembly in the absence of exogenous and depletion of endogenous RanGTP. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although several minerals have been shown to regulate gene expression and cellular activity, very little work has focused on understanding underlying molecular mechanisms. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Here we study the extent and the characteristics of self-organization using microtubules and molecular motors 2 as a model system. (sciforums.com)
  • This article provides a quick review of the important definitions and terms used in the study of Cell and Molecular Biology. (eduhyme.com)
  • Although the etiology and pathogenesis of medulloblastoma is not entirely understood at present, some recent molecular genetic studies have provided important insights into possible disease mechanisms. (medscape.com)
  • Microtubule inhibitors potently decreased FXR reporter gene activity. (nature.com)
  • these proteins are also important in regulating gene transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Frameshift mutation of MAPRE3, a microtubule-related gene, in gastric and colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability. (nih.gov)
  • CPC cooperate to ensure proper phosphorylation of the outer kinetochore substrates, which is important for correction of improper kinetochore-microtubule attachment. (virginia.edu)
  • However, the outer kinetochore organization is thought to remain unchanged before and after kinetochore-microtubule attachment. (virginia.edu)
  • It is thus unclear if the same interactions underlie the organization of the core outer kinetochore before and after mature kinetochore-microtubule attachment. (virginia.edu)
  • I will show that the outer kinetochore maintenance is dependent on the CPC and Plk1 activity before but not after mature kinetochore-microtubule attachment. (virginia.edu)
  • When the end of the microtubules become close to the cell membrane, they release a chemical signal that punts the dynein to the other side of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, at 24 hrs cells had well organized microtubules and prominent focal adhesions, and significant cell-induced matrix compaction was observed. (arvojournals.org)
  • There are opposing forces that regulate intercalation, namely, the restrictive forces of the epithelial barrier versus the penetrative forces of the intercalating cell. (xenbase.org)
  • In line with this notion, mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo fission and fusion and move into the cell along the microtubules to generate the mitochondrial network [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Correct orientation of cell division is considered an important factor for the achievement of normal brain size, as mutations in genes that affect this process are among the leading causes of microcephaly. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Shortly after sporozoite entry into the target cell, the surrounding host cell membrane is dissolved and an array of host cell microtubules (MTs) surrounds the parasite, which develops into the transforming schizont. (edu.sa)
  • We further show that parasite interaction with host cell EB1 is cell cycle regulated. (edu.sa)
  • The microtubules and actin filaments within the phragmoplast serve to guide vesicles with cell wall material to the growing cell plate. (sciforums.com)
  • Unlike the globular units of microtubules and actin filaments, intermediate filaments are themselves constructed from filamentous sub-units, and confer strength as well as stress resistance to the cell[ 10 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • We have proposed a model whereby these features of the axonal and dendritic microtubule arrays are established within the cell body of the neuron. (silverchair.com)
  • These studies suggest that Hap1 is important for insulin release from β-cells via dephosphorylation that can regulate its intracellular trafficking function. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • This is an oversimplification as there are several unique Ub specific chains, as well as mono-ubiquitination, that can regulate multiple facets of a protein's function 1-3 . (cytoskeleton.com)
  • This concave surface includes the highly conserved Glu-Leu-Lys-Leu motif at the C terminus, indicating that it is important for the function of the KA1 domain. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In Chapter 2, I will show that the liquid-liquid phase separation driven by the centromere-targeting region of the CPC is important for its inner-centromere localization and function and may underlie the mesoscale organization of the innercentromere. (virginia.edu)
  • We had an engaging time testing toxoplasma microtubule-associated proteins in Xenopus, and vice versa, to discover the conservation of function of these various microtubule proteins in different systems. (lowerylab.org)
  • TAILS might be involved in stabilization of the microtubules which otherwise are constantly growing and shrinking, or it might make the end piece more rigid which would yield more force in the flagellar beat. (lu.se)
  • The inner-centromeric CPC also regulates localization of multiple proteins to the inner-centromeres, which are important for proper mitotic progression. (virginia.edu)
  • Minerals are inorganic elements that play many vital roles, working interactively with vitamins, enzymes, hormones and other nutrient cofactors to regulate thousands of the body's biological functions. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Precursors of lysosomal enzymes are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and then migrate to the cis-Golgi, where mannose residues on the oligosaccharide chain are phosphorylated to form mannose-6-phosphate (M-6-P), an important sorting signal for lysosomal enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When is a dedicated researcher going to combine all those separate studies and come up with a comprehensive and orderly compendium of the types and roles of microtubules (by any other name)? (sciforums.com)
  • Differential phosphorylation and isoform expression of tau are believed to regulate the assembly and stabilisation of microtubuli. (europa.eu)
  • In contrast, most kinesin motor proteins move toward the microtubules' plus-end, in what is called anterograde transport . (wikipedia.org)
  • The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates the homeostasis of bile acids, lipids and glucose. (nature.com)
  • Identifying mechanisms that regulate BiPN is essential as it occurs in 30% of patients and is a dose-limiting side effect of BTZ treatment. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Therefore, identifying the factors and mechanisms that regulate the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes and elucidating the relationship between lysosomes and the development and progression of cancer can provide important information for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction and may yield new therapeutic targets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • promotes G2-M transition, and regulates G1 progress and G1-S transition via association with multiple interphase cyclins. (arigobio.cn)
  • We investigate an important feature of microtubule plus-ends, a set of proteins called 'plus-end tracking proteins' (+TIPs) that localize to the plus-ends and regulate their behavior. (lowerylab.org)