Immunohistochemistry spinal nerve roots. Medical search. Frequent questions

Experimentally, a well-accepted model to mimic axotomy injury retrograde repercussion to spinal neurons is the neonatal peripheral nerve axotomy [ 13 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Sciatic nerve transection, early after birth, results in significant degeneration of spinal motoneurons as well as sensory neurons present in the dorsal root ganglia. (hindawi.com)
Although anatomical repair of spinal roots and other lesioned plexus components constitute the primary approach, additional strategies are necessary to enhance neuroprotection and to improve the regenerative response of severed neurons. (hindawi.com)
The cell bodies of sensory neurons, which transmit information from the external environment to the spinal cord, can be found at all levels of the spinal column in paired structures called dorsal root ganglia (DRG). (biomedcentral.com)
Rodent DRG neurons have long been studied in the laboratory to improve understanding of sensory nerve development and function, and have been instrumental in determining mechanisms underlying pain and neurodegeneration in disorders of the peripheral nervous system. (biomedcentral.com)
DRG sensory neurons are pseudo-unipolar, because they have a single axon projecting from the cell body that then bifurcates into two branches that centrally and distally target the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and peripheral tissues, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Broad functional classes of sensory neurons connect with distinct regions of the spinal cord, for example pain-sensing nociceptors form synapses predominantly in superficial grey matter laminae (I-II), while touch-sensitive mechanoreceptive neurons typically terminate in deeper laminae (III-V) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results demonstrate that MCP-1 synthesized in DRG neurons may or may not be transported to the spinal cord depending on the type of peripheral nerve injury. (johnshopkins.edu)
Activation and circuitry of uterine-cervix-related neurons in the lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord at parturition. (omeka.net)
Stimulation of the uterine cervix at parturition activates neural circuits involving primary sensory nerves and supraspinally projecting neurons of the lumbosacral spinal cord, resulting in output of hypothalamic neurohormones. (omeka.net)
This model does not adequately reflect the partial nerve injuries observed in most patients with neuropathic pain, which also involves signals coming from intact sensory neurons [ 30 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
To reveal the neurobiological mechanism that P2X 3 receptor of colonic primary sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia of the lumbosacral segment is involved in the alleviation of visceral hypersensitivity by EA in an IBS rat model. (hindawi.com)
Especially, P2X 3 receptors play an important role in mediating the occurrence and maintenance of pain in neurons of the intestinal myenteric plexus, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), spinal dorsal horn, prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex in a rat model of IBS with visceral hypersensitivity [ 14 ], and acupuncture can achieve visceral pain relief through purinergic receptors at different levels of the brain-gut axis. (hindawi.com)
Centrally, splenic innervation arises from sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs)located in the thoracic and rostral lumbar spinal cord. (fliphtml5.com)

Increased electrical activity is a major mechanism in the development of neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury. (biomedcentral.com)
Neuropathic pain arising from peripheral nerve injury is characterized by a combination of spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia. (biomedcentral.com)
Neuropathic pain arising from peripheral nerve injury is characterized by a combination of spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia and as it is poorly relieved by conventional analgesics, it is a significant clinical problem [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Jeon, SM , Lee, KM & Cho, HJ 2009, ' Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in rat dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord in experimental models of neuropathic pain ', Brain research , vol. 1251, pp. 103-111. (johnshopkins.edu)
Na v s mRNA levels in mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were studied in the spared nerve injury (SNI) and spinal nerve ligation (SNL) models of neuropathic pain. (biomedcentral.com)
The various animal models of neuropathic pain, involving transection and/or ligation of nerves from the hind paw, exhibit different relations between injured and non-injured fibers. (biomedcentral.com)
Consistent with this, persistent mechanical allodynia does not develop in spared nerve injury (SNI) and chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat models of neuropathic pain, if the injury is performed younger than 4 weeks of age [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The patient presented with 3 months' history of backache and left femoral nerve distribution neuropathic pain and claudication with intact sensory/motor/sphincter performance. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Dysregulation of voltage-gated sodium channels (Na v s) is believed to play a major role in nerve fiber hyperexcitability associated with neuropathic pain. (biomedcentral.com)
The L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) is an experimental neuropathic pain model which displays a clear separation between injured and non-injured cell bodies [ 31 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We have performed a microarray analysis of the rat L4/L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG), 7 days post spared nerve injury , a model of neuropathic pain. (biomedcentral.com)

L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) was performed in wild type (WT, C57BL/6) male and female mice and in male Tlr2 -/- Tlr3 -/- , Tlr4 -/- , Tlr5 -/- , Myd88 -/- , Trif lps2 , Myd88/Trif lps2 , Tnf -/- , and Ifnar1 -/- mice. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we evaluated the expression of MCP-1 in the rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord following axotomy and chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve and L5 spinal nerve ligation (L5 SNL) using an immunohistochemical approach. (johnshopkins.edu)

L5-S2 spinal cords and dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) were harvested for immunohistochemistry study. (auanet.org)
Immunohistochemical staining of rat spinal dorsal root entry zone frozen sections using Guinea pig Anti-Periaxin Antibody (#ANR-091-GP). (alomone.com)
Located in the dorsal intervertebral foramen adjacent to the spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are heterogeneous collections of sensory neuron cell somas found in pairs at each level of the spinal column (Fig. 1 a). (biomedcentral.com)
Calretinin-immunoreactive nerves in the uterus, pelvic autonomic ganglia, lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia and lumbosacral spinal cord. (omeka.net)
The dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurone system has a central as well as a peripheral axonal branch departing from a single cell body. (nature.com)
In addition, the morphology of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactive satellite glial cells and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) immunoreactive microglia/macrophages were assessed at 1 day, 1 week, and 4 weeks after the last PDX treatment. (researchsquare.com)
All sensory axons pass into the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and then into the spinal cord. (researchsquare.com)
The results show, for the first time, a major difference in the neuroimmune response to nerve injury in the dorsal root ganglion of young and adult rats. (biomedcentral.com)

The blocking peptide binds and 'blocks' Anti-Periaxin primary antibody, this makes it a good negative reagent control to help confirm antibody specificity in western blot and immunohistochemistry applications. (alomone.com)

In lumbar sections of the spinal cords, we observed a greater increase in Iba-1 immunoreactivity in the TRIF-signaling deficient mice as compared to WT, but no significant increase in GFAP. (biomedcentral.com)
Orthopedic manifestations also include lumbar spinal stenosis and rupture of a biceps tendon. (amyloidosis.org)
In addition, peripheral neuropathy symptoms are present in a small number of patients, and lumbar spinal stenosis has also been found to be related to wild-type ATTR. (amyloidosis.org)
The lesion was also seen extending along the lumbar nerve roots and through the L5-S1, S2, and S3 neural foramen into the dural sac ( Fig. 2 ). (jmaacms.com)
The lesion was seen extending cranially up to D12-L1 level and was seen encasing the nerve roots of cauda equina, conus medullaris, and lower lumbar nerve roots causing obliteration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space in the thecal sac ( Fig. 3 ). (jmaacms.com)

Neuronal survival, axonal regeneration, and ultrastructural changes at ventral spinal cord were also investigated. (hindawi.com)
Finally, PCAF is necessary for conditioning-dependent axonal regeneration and also singularly promotes regeneration after spinal cord injury. (nature.com)
Finally, we established that PCAF is required for regeneration following a conditioning lesion and PCAF overexpression promotes axonal regeneration similar to that of a conditioning lesion after CNS injury in spinal ascending sensory fibres. (nature.com)
Our results show the first evidence of immediate retrograde signalling leading to long-term epigenetic reprogramming of gene expression of select genes whose modulation leads to axonal regeneration in the hostile spinal environment. (nature.com)

During the ensuing 4 days, a rapidly ascending polyradiculoneuropathy resulted in tetraparesis, followed by facial palsy, ophthalmoplegia, and then paralysis of all cranial nerves. (cdc.gov)
There were no cranial nerves abnormalities. (bmj.com)

Nerves containing the calcium-binding protein calretinin have been reported in several organs but not in female reproductive organs and associated ganglia. (omeka.net)
Uterine cholinergic nerves arise from the paracervical ganglia and were, in the past, characterized based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry. (omeka.net)

Distribution and origin of corticotropin-releasing factor-immunoreactive axons in the female rat lumbosacral spinal cord. (omeka.net)

PBP is a progressive degenerative disorder of the motor nuclei in the medulla (specifically involving the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and hypoglossal nerves) that produces atrophy and fasciculations of the lingual muscles, dysarthria, and dysphagia. (medscape.com)
Previous anatomical studies demonstrated vagal innervation to the ovary and distal colon and suggested the vagus nerve has uterine inputs. (omeka.net)
Dr. Rosas-Ballinasbegan following the winding path of the vagus nerve to establish the route it follows to reach the spleen (Rosas-Ballina et al 2011). (fliphtml5.com)
He was trying, without much luck, to find fibers of the vagus nerve in this organ. (fliphtml5.com)

Twelve SD rats underwent unilateral L5-S2 dorsal roots (DRTs) and ventral roots (VRTs) electrically stimulation and the bladder reflex contractions (BRCs) were recorded under isovolumetric condition. (auanet.org)
Here we detect GTP-bound RhoA in spinal cord homogenates and report that spinal cord injury (SCI) in both rats and mice activates RhoA over 10-fold in the absence of changes in RhoA expression. (silverchair.com)
Our findings demonstrated that BMSCs promote remyelination in the spinal cord of HD-exposed rats via TNFα/RelB-Hes1 pathway, providing novel insights for evaluating and further exploring the therapeutical effect of BMSCs on demyelinating neurodegenerative disease. (biomedcentral.com)

The initial, high amplitude ventral root burst of an escape sequence propagates rostrocaudally approximately threefold faster than subsequent cycles. (biologists.com)

Iba-1 (microglia) and GFAP (astrocytes) were assessed in spinal cords by immunostaining. (biomedcentral.com)
In experimental animals, high-dose HD intoxication was found to cause demyelination in PNS and spinal cords and has been used to study the mechanisms of HD neurotoxicity and evaluate the therapeutical potential of various reagents for demyelinating conditions [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

During ischemic stroke (IS), adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) is released from damaged nerve cells of the infract core region to the extracellular space, invoking peri-infarct glial cellular P2 purinoceptors singling, and causing pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, which is likely to initiate or aggravate motor and cognitive impairment. (biomedcentral.com)
The Iba-1 and GFAP immunohistochemistry results showed pronounced increases in reactive microglia/macrophage and satellite glial cell at 1 day and 1 week, respectively, after the last PDX treatment, and thereafter, immunoreactivity decreased with increasing time after PDX treatment. (researchsquare.com)
Schmidt-Kastner R, Szymas J. Immunohistochemistry of glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin and S-100 protein for examine of astrocytes in hippocampus of rat. (chloeliemofficial.com)

Here, we describe a simple, step-by-step protocol for the swift isolation of mouse DRG, which can be enzymatically dissociated to produce fully differentiated primary neuronal cultures, or processed for downstream analyses, such as immunohistochemistry or RNA profiling. (biomedcentral.com)

MCP-1 expression in the DRG peaked and declined before the full onset of pain hypersensitivity following nerve injury. (johnshopkins.edu)
The spared sural nerve, through which pain hypersensitivity is measured in behavioral studies, mostly projects into the L4 and L5 DRG. (biomedcentral.com)

In conclusion, various afferent and efferent nerves innervate the bladder and are involved in micturition reflex, but the L6 VRT could be the most efficient in producing detrusor muscle contraction, and the S1 DRT could have the superiority of inhibiting micturition reflex. (auanet.org)
However, there is still no electrophysiological evidence supporting the participation of P2X 3 receptors in the primary afferent sensory nerve of the colon in the EA-mediated inhibition of peripheral sensitization. (hindawi.com)

A proteomic analysis of heart proteins in FA cardiomyopathy by antibody microarray, Western blots, immunohistochemistry, and double-label laser scanning confocal immunofluorescence microscopy revealed upregulation of desmin and its chaperone protein, αB-crystallin. (uni-muenster.de)

We report that the lipoxin A 4 receptor is expressed on spinal astrocytes both in vivo and in vitro and that spinal delivery of lipoxin A 4 , as well as stable analogues, attenuates inflammation-induced pain. (silverchair.com)

Also, a number of interneurons, present in deep spinal cord laminae, degenerate due to the loss of input and/or output. (hindawi.com)

Spinal metastases may result in focal findings at a spinal cord level or nerve root pain. (medscape.com)
Based on the above MRI findings a differential diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) or myxopapillary ependymoma with extradural extension was given. (jmaacms.com)

Previously, a similar clinical syndrome has been reported as being caused by inflammatory demyelination of peripheral nerve fibres. (biomedcentral.com)
Spontaneous paresis of White Leghorns is caused by cell-mediated, inflammatory demyelination affecting multiple cranial and spinal nerves and nerve roots with a proximodistal tapering. (biomedcentral.com)
Chronic hexane exposure causes segmental demyelination in the peripheral nerves, and high-dose intoxication may also affect central nervous system. (biomedcentral.com)
Demyelination and remyelination of the spinal cord before and after BMSC treatment were examined microscopically. (biomedcentral.com)

Manoj G Tyagi and Divya VAutonomic nervous regulation of spleenDespite the demonstrated influence of the splenic nerve on immune responses, little is known about the identity ofcentral nervous system (CNS) cell groups that innervate splenic SPNs. (fliphtml5.com)

Periaxin immunoreactivity (red) appears in the dorsal nerve root (arrows). (alomone.com)
d Spinal nerves ( arrows ) project from the column and can be removed. (biomedcentral.com)

B. A higher magnification of the insert from panel A. C. Segment of peripheral nerve contains PRX-positive fibers. (alomone.com)
Myelination of nerve fibers comprises multiple oligodendrocytes (OLs), as myelin sheaths, segmentally wrapping around an axon. (biomedcentral.com)

Work with these systems has revealed an important role for spinal nonneuronal cells, such as astrocytes and microglia, in the regulation of nociception (for review see reference 1 ). (silverchair.com)

Recently, the AAV-based drugs Luxturna, a therapy to treat inherited blindness, and Zolgensma, a treatment for spinal muscular dystrophy, were approved by the FDA for use in the US, signifying important milestones for the establishment of AAV-based therapeutics in the clinic. (biomedcentral.com)

SCI, spinal cord injury. (silverchair.com)

Immunohistochemical staining of free floating frozen rat peripheral nerve sections using Anti-Periaxin Antibody (#ANR-091), (#1:600). (alomone.com)

Their results indicate that thevagus nerve inherently communicates with the splenic nerve to suppress TNF production by macrophages in thespleen.According to the prevailing paradigm, the autonomic nervous system is anatomically and functionally divided insympathetic and parasympathetic branches, which act in opposition to regulate organ function. (fliphtml5.com)

Clinical symptoms arising from physical injury to the peripheral nerve include initiation of a pain behavior phenotype by otherwise innocuous stimuli (allodynia) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Spinal expression of MCP-1 peaked when mechanical allodynia was maximal, but then declined rapidly despite the remarkable persistence of mechanical allodynia. (johnshopkins.edu)

Symptoms may be caused by the pressure on the nerve root, causing pain. (amyloidosis.org)
Nerve roots can be irritated or compressed by this pathology and patients can possibly develop neurological signs and symptoms as well as pain. (lookformedical.com)

Here, with characterized intrinsic markers targeting vagal sensory, spinal sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic axons, respectively, we comprehensively traced the spatiotemporal development of extrinsic axons to the gut during embryonic development in mice. (jneurosci.org)

Note the absence of staining of spinal myelin column indicating the specificity of the antibody to peripheral myelin. (alomone.com)

Based on studies in birds, the telencephalic leptomeninges arise from the neural crest (neuroectoderm) and the leptomeninges of the posterior brain and the spinal cord arises from the mesoderm. (medscape.com)
Microscopic lesions were characterized mainly by fibrinosuppurative inflammation, which involved the synovial membranes, leptomeninges of the brain, and spinal cord. (pvb.org.br)

Histopathological diagnosis remains as the most pivotal diagnostic tool as they can mimic other peripheral nerve sheath lesions, such as neuromas and schwannomas, in imaging. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
This study describes the anatomopathological aspects and evaluate the use of immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic tool in these cases. (pvb.org.br)

Therefore, this study evaluated neuroprotection and regeneration after neonatal peripheral nerve coaptation with fibrin sealant. (hindawi.com)
Overall, the present data suggest that acute repair of neonatal peripheral nerves with fibrin sealant results in neuroprotection and regeneration of motor and sensory axons. (hindawi.com)
Interestingly, the lack of regeneration of injured ascending sensory fibres in the spinal cord can be partially enhanced by an injury to the peripheral branch (conditioning lesion) of DRG neurones 7 . (nature.com)

After dissecting out the spinal column, from the base of the skull to the level of the femurs, it can be cut down the mid-line and the spinal cord and meninges removed, before extracting the DRG and detaching unwanted axons. (biomedcentral.com)

The distal ends of sensory nerves are consequently specialised, culminating in or synapsing with assorted sense organs adapted to function, for example Pacinian corpuscles for pressure perception or Golgi tendon organs for detecting muscle tension [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Targeting mechanisms that counterregulate the spinal consequences of persistent peripheral inflammation provide a novel endogenous mechanism by which chronic pain may be controlled. (silverchair.com)

And then hewent a little further posterior to the splenic nerve, the nerve that innervates the spleen. (fliphtml5.com)

This hyperalgesia reflects sensitization of peripheral terminals and facilitation of pain signaling at the spinal level. (silverchair.com)
Although early work dissected the role of sensitization of peripheral nerves in painful conditions, it is now appreciated that facilitation of spinal processing is also a critical component in states of inflammatory pain. (silverchair.com)

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) alterations were characterised using standard morphological techniques, including nerve fibre teasing and transmission electron microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)

Spinal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and signaling intermediaries have been implicated in persistent pain states. (biomedcentral.com)

The antiinflammatory role of peripheral lipoxins raises the hypothesis that similar neuraxial systems may also down-regulate injury-induced spinal facilitation of pain processing. (silverchair.com)

Anatomy20

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Neurons14

Peripheral nerve injury3

Models of neuropathic pain4

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