• vaccination, including use of vaccines against infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b · case management of pneumonia in the community, health centres and hospitals · exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life · improvement of nutrition and prevention of low birth weight · control of indoor air pollution and provision of a healthy environment · prevention and management of HIV infection. (who.int)
  • The cost-effectiveness of the Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal vaccines depends on the burden of disease and the price of vaccines in the country concerned. (who.int)
  • Understanding the prevalence of various serotypes was also critical to the development of pneumococcal vaccines to prevent invasive infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • The number of severe pneumococcal infections in adults has not decreased significantly and most of the infections are now caused by pneumococcal bacteria that today's vaccines do not protect against. (nordiclifescience.org)
  • The results suggest that membrane particles can be used as a platform for producing vaccines against pneumococcal infections and perhaps other bacterial infections, and this is something we are now working on. (nordiclifescience.org)
  • First let me tell you a little about pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and pneumococcal disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are relatively new type of vaccine that has been shown to be highly effective at preventing disease and in stopping people from acquiring the bacteria in their noses and throats. (cdc.gov)
  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are now used in infant vaccination programs in most countries around the world. (cdc.gov)
  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are very specific for preventing certain strains. (cdc.gov)
  • it is now included in the 13-, 15-, and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Additional infection-causing serotypes have been included in the updated 15- and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCVs) are available and have significantly reduced the rate of invasive pneumococcal diseases, there is still a need for new vaccines with unlimited serotype coverage, long-lasting protection, and lower cost to be developed. (mdpi.com)
  • These vaccines have been extensively studied, are currently in human trial phase 1/2, and seem to be the best treatment choice for pneumococcal diseases, especially for developing countries. (mdpi.com)
  • 36% were covered by the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, 54% each by PCV-10 and PCV-13, and 72% by the e 23 valent vaccines. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Most recently pneumococcal disease and vaccines have become a central vaccine theme. (meiru.info)
  • Other vaccines might be needed if the doctor determines that your child is at risk for conditions like meningococcal or pneumococcal disease. (kidshealth.org)
  • For both the child/adolescent and adult immunization schedules, updates to tetanus, diphtheria and toxoid containing vaccines (Td and Tdap) in the management of wound infections were made with added guidance for use of Tdap for all pregnant women. (aafp.org)
  • 2. Children with a reported allergy to thiomersal or any biological product or vaccines causing a serious adverse reaction of the anaphylaxis type. (who.int)
  • serotypes were 19F, 14, 23F, 6B and 19A and the theoretical coverage of the 7, 10 and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines was 60%, 78% and 91% respectively. (who.int)
  • Vaccines are developed to protect against the main types that cause disease, and different vaccines may be needed for different types. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Pneumococcal infections are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a lancet-shaped, gram-positive, catalase-negative facultative anaerobe commonly referred to as pneumococcus. (medscape.com)
  • Zn deficiency is associated with increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most commonly identified cause of community-acquired pneumonia. (cdc.gov)
  • Vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infections has reduced the incidence of pneumonia in various settings by about 30% (range 20% to 37%) and 20% (range 12% to 55%), respectively. (who.int)
  • The pneumococcal quellung reaction was first described in 1902 by the scientist Fred Neufeld, and applied only to Streptococcus pneumoniae, both as microscopic capsular swelling and macroscopic agglutination (clumping visible with the naked eye). (wikipedia.org)
  • The quellung reaction has been used to identify the 93 known capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in diagnostic settings, but in recent years it has been challenged by the latex agglutination method, and further by molecular typing techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction, which detect DNA and therefore target genetic differences between serotypes. (wikipedia.org)
  • A lethal synergism between the influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae has been identified. (medscimonit.com)
  • At our center, 11 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who had confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 were diagnosed with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection while in hospital. (medscimonit.com)
  • Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae is a bacteria (we will call pneumococcus) that may cause a range of problems from very minor to very severe- common cold symptoms, ear infections, pneumonia and meningitis. (drgreenmom.com)
  • Pili were recently recognized in Streptococcus pneumoniae and implicated in the virulence of this bacterium, which led to the proposal of using these antigens in a future pneumococcal vaccine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Discussions with clinicians in multiple states raised concerns about a possible increase in pediatric intracranial infections, particularly those caused by Streptococcus bacteria, during the past year and the possible contributing role of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Pediatric bacterial brain abscesses, epidural empyemas, and subdural empyemas, rare complications of respiratory infections and sinusitis, are often caused by Streptococcus species but might also be polymicrobial or caused by other genera, such as Staphylococcus . (medscape.com)
  • Available Streptococcus specimens isolated from a brain abscess, epidural empyema, subdural empyema, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid were collected for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing at CDC's Streptococcus reference laboratory to identify microbiological features shared among cases. (medscape.com)
  • Pneumococcal Disease As the most common bacterial cause of otitis media in children and a major cause of bacterial pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in adults, Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible each year for at least one-third of the 24 million outpatient visits for otitis media and for 500,000 cases of pneumonia and meningitis in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Pneumococcal infections are caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae and can lead to pneumonia, septicaemia (a kind ofblood poisoning) and meningitis. (knowyourdoctor.com.cy)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common pathogen identified ( n = 24), followed by Neisseria meningitidis ( n = 18, all group B) and Haemophilus influenzae ( n = 11). (who.int)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the leading cause of community-acquired respiratory infections, and is one of the most important human pathogens causing severe invasive infections [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Each year in the United States, pneumococcal disease accounts for an estimated 3,000 cases of meningitis, 50,000 cases of bacteremia, 500,000 cases of pneumonia, and 7 million cases of otitis media (1-4). (cdc.gov)
  • The focus of this report is the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease (i.e., bacteremia, meningitis, or infection of other normally sterile sites) through the use of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have identified a new vaccine candidate against pneumococci, bacteria that can cause pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. (nordiclifescience.org)
  • The main diseases pneumococcus causes are mild infections, like ear and sinus infections, but pneumococcus can also cause severe illnesses like pneumonia and meningitis. (cdc.gov)
  • Children with cochlear implants have a higher risk for some types of meningitis. (kidshealth.org)
  • Children over 2 years old with cochlear implants also should get the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) to help protect against meningitis. (kidshealth.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Pneumococcal infection is one of the leading causes of pneumonia, meningitis and septicemia in developing countries. (ox.ac.uk)
  • RESULTS: Out of 42 cases of invasive pneumococcal diseases studied admitted diagnoses included pneumonia, febrile seizure, bacteremia or septicemia, meningitis, acute gastroenteritis and glomerulonephritis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the United States and other countries where β-lactam resistance is common, the initial regimen for pneumococcal meningitis might include vancomycin or a fluoroquinolone, plus a third-generation cephalosporin. (drgreenmom.com)
  • A meningitis vaccine is only recommended for children 2 months to 10 years old identified as having an increased risk of meningitis infection. (chicagotribune.com)
  • This combined, single jab vaccine contains your child's fourth dose of protection against haemophilus influenzae type b (received in the 6-in-1 vaccine at 8, 12 and 16 weeks old), and first dose to protect against meningitis C. Both infections are serious and can cause meningitis and blood poisoning (septicaemia), which can occasionally prove fatal. (netmums.com)
  • A meningococcal infection can be very serious, causing meningitis and sepsis which can lead to severe brain damage, amputations and in some cases, death. (netmums.com)
  • Pneumococcal infections can lead to serious conditions including pneumonia, septicaemia , and meningitis . (netmums.com)
  • Non-susceptibility to penicillin, predicted by penicillin-binding protein types, was 2.7% (non-meningitis criteria) and 23.8% (meningitis criteria). (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Areas of medical therapeutics applicable to this work include pneumococcal vaccine design, intervention in gram-positive sepsis/meningitis, new antibiotic development strategies, and interruption of the spread of genetic elements responsible for antibiotic resistance. (stjude.org)
  • Of 238 children aged 5 years admitted to the Children's Hospital of Casablanca for invasive diseases over a 12-month period, 185 were diagnosed with bacterial infection: 76 had chest-X-ray-confirmed pneumonia, 59 had meningitis and 50 had sepsis. (who.int)
  • Meningitis has several different causes, the most common being bacterial and viral infections. (mometrix.com)
  • The different types of meningitis may cause different symptoms and different types of treatment are needed. (mometrix.com)
  • Bacterial meningitis is a bacterial infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space that can appear suddenly and progress very quickly. (mometrix.com)
  • Vaccination can help prevent some types of bacterial meningitis - pneumococcal vaccine, meningococcal vaccine, and haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine. (mometrix.com)
  • Viral meningitis is the most common type of meningitis and is usually less severe than acute bacterial meningitis. (mometrix.com)
  • Common causes of viral meningitis include non-polio enteroviruses (which reside in the digestive tract and are very contagious), herpes simplex type 2, varicella-zoster, HIV, and various viruses spread by mosquitoes (such as West Nile virus). (mometrix.com)
  • They warn that, while it may very well never happen, the medical profession must now at least consider the prospect of a worse-case scenario: this multi-drug-resistant bacterial ear infection spreads to other communities, or invades the lungs and bloodstream, where it leads to cases of pneumonia or meningitis treatable only with unconventional antibiotics not approved for use in children. (scienceblog.com)
  • Thanks to technology developed in part at the University of Rochester Medical Center, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals in 2000 introduced Prevnar (pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine), which reduced the incidence of pneumonia and meningitis by at least 69 percent, and difficult to treat ear infections by 24 percent as well, researchers said. (scienceblog.com)
  • Despite the availability of effective antibiotic therapies, pneumococcal meningitis (PM) has a case fatality rate of up to 30% and causes neurological sequelae in up to half of the surviving patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of this work is to describe the transcriptomic changes underlying the complex mechanisms of the host response to pneumococcal meningitis in a temporal and spatial context using a well characterized infant rat model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we describe the cellular pathways involved in the host response to experimental pneumococcal meningitis in specified disease states and brain regions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dual infections with bacteria and viruses are associated with high mortality. (who.int)
  • Severe pneumococcal infections result from dissemination of bacteria to the bloodstream and the central nervous system. (cdc.gov)
  • The vaccine has been developed to protect against severe infections in children, but only targets a fraction of the close to one hundred different types of pneumococcal bacteria that have been described so far. (nordiclifescience.org)
  • In this present study, KI researchers examined the possibility of developing a vaccine based on nano-sized membrane vesicles that pneumococcal bacteria naturally produce from their cell membrane in order to communicate with their surroundings and affect other cells. (nordiclifescience.org)
  • The researchers isolated such vesicles, called membrane particles, from cultivated pneumococcal bacteria. (nordiclifescience.org)
  • Finally, although not as attenuated as DLDH-negative bacteria, pneumococci lacking RafK were significantly outcompeted by wild-type bacteria in colonization experiments of murine lung and nasopharynx, indicating a role for raffinose and stachyose transport in vivo. (lu.se)
  • Non-flagellar polymeric cell-surface organelles designated as pili were initially identified in Gram-negative bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • More than half of middle ear infections are the result of pneumococcus bacteria, while severe forms of the disease can cause permanent hearing loss. (chicagotribune.com)
  • A different vaccine, PPSV23 (brand name Pneumovax), protects against 23 types of the bacteria and is intended for all adults 65 years or older and children two years or older at higher risk of pneumococcal bacterial infection. (chicagotribune.com)
  • The MenB vaccine protects against a potential meningococcal infection caused by meningococcal group B bacteria. (netmums.com)
  • This underlying chronic infection leaves COPD patients particularly vulnerable to acute viral infections, which further destabilize host immunity to bacteria. (frontiersin.org)
  • How the bacteria is spread depends on the type of bacteria - some types are airborne and spread by coughing or sneezing, by sharing respiratory or throat secretions (such as saliva from coughing or kissing), and some are spread by eating contaminated food. (mometrix.com)
  • Some bacteria that cause disease come in many different types (such as pneumococcal bacteria or meningococcal bacteria). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Researchers have discovered a strain of bacteria resistant to all approved drugs used to fight ear infections in children, according to an article to be published tomorrow in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). (scienceblog.com)
  • Experts have been arguing for years that pediatricians need to determine the type of bacteria causing an ear infection before "throwing an antibiotic at it. (scienceblog.com)
  • Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria, and less commonly by other microorganisms. (chemrobotics.in)
  • This report contains updated information regarding a) antimicrobial resistance among pneumococci, b) vaccine effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, c) indications for vaccination, d) guidelines for revaccination, e) strategies for improving delivery of vaccine, and f) development of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • A pneumococcal vaccine has been included in Sweden's childhood vaccination programme since 2009. (nordiclifescience.org)
  • Since childhood vaccination was introduced, the incidence of severe pneumococcal infections in infants has decreased, an effect that has not been observed in adults. (nordiclifescience.org)
  • We also started a project to improve vaccination rates against pneumococcal pneumonia (lung infections) in RA patients. (polyclinic.com)
  • The booster is highly effective and rates of the infections in the UK are now at their lowest ever, as a result of vaccination. (netmums.com)
  • There are no identified safety concerns associated with the MenB vaccination. (netmums.com)
  • RÉSUMÉ Le vaccin contre Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) a été inclus dans le programme de vaccination du Yémen en 2005. (who.int)
  • However, some people need the pneumococcal vaccination because they are at higher risk of complications. (knowyourdoctor.com.cy)
  • People over-65 only need a single pneumococcal vaccination which will protect for life. (knowyourdoctor.com.cy)
  • People with a long term health condition may need just a single one-off pneumococcal vaccination or five-yearly vaccination depending on their underlying health problem. (knowyourdoctor.com.cy)
  • Under the "Shared Clinical Decision-Making" section, the text was modified to clarify that a 2- or 3-dose series is recommended for some adults ages 27-45, and under the "Special Situations" section, clarifying language on age ranges recommended highlighting the need for a 3-dose series for those with immunocompromising conditions, including HIV infection, regardless of the age at which initial HPV vaccination was added. (aafp.org)
  • Previous pneumococcal vaccination. (who.int)
  • Since 2007 there has been a series of interlinked studies to measure the burden of respiratory infections in adults and children, understand the role HIV plays in driving pneumococcal disease, studies of the transmission of pneumococcus within the community and most recently an evaluation of the impact of the introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine to the infant vaccine schedule in Malawi. (meiru.info)
  • There were no Haemophilus influenzae type b case notifications in children less than five years of age for the first time since the vaccine was introduced. (who.int)
  • This report describes case notification data for measles, pertussis, rubella, Haemophilus influenzae type b invasive infection, invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), mumps, tetanus and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in NSW, Australia, in 2012 and provides comparison with recent trends. (who.int)
  • ABSTRACT Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine was included in the Yemen immunization programme in 2005. (who.int)
  • Data on influenza epidemiology in HIV-infected persons are limited, particularly for sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV infection is widespread. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza-associated acute lower respiratory tract infection incidence was 4-8 times greater for HIV-infected (186-228/100,000) than for HIV-uninfected persons (26-54/100,000). (cdc.gov)
  • Knowledge is limited about influenza virus-associated illness and death in persons infected with HIV type 1, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Damage to the respiratory epithelium by chronic bronchitis or common respiratory viral infections, notably influenza, may predispose to pneumococcal invasion. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It is well known that secondary bacterial infection often follows pulmonary virus infection and is a common cause of severe disease, especially during influenza pandemics in humans, including the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic. (amc.edu)
  • Dr. Metzger's laboratory has now demonstrated that pulmonary interferon (IFN)-gamma produced during T cell responses to influenza infection inhibits alveolar macrophage function and hence, bacterial clearance from the lung. (amc.edu)
  • Current work concentrates on characterizing functional changes in alveolar macrophages induced by influenza virus infection and on determining the mechanisms responsible for the inhibition of alveolar macrophage-mediated bacterial clearance. (amc.edu)
  • We have also obtained results in mice indicating that when seasonal respiratory infections such as pneumococcal infections and influenza return to their pre-pandemic levels, co-infections with these pathogens could lead to an increased incidence of lethal Covid-19 superinfections, especially among unvaccinated populations. (amc.edu)
  • Because of the importance of preventing influenza and pneumococcal infections and associated complications, our findings should be placed in a benefit-risk framework to ensure that population health benefits are maximized. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, the mice developed protection not only against the pneumococcal strain/type from which the particles were isolated but also against other pneumococcal strains/types. (nordiclifescience.org)
  • The manuscript we are discussing here talks about how surveillance for pneumococcal infections in Israel found that the new vaccine program was preventing a lot of disease, but they also detected an increase in one of the strains that the vaccine doesn't cover-- serotype 12F. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, they did special DNA fingerprinting of the pneumococcal serotype 12F strains to see if the strains were related to each other genetically or to other serotype 12F strains around the globe. (cdc.gov)
  • Serotype 3 strains, which are more heavily encapsulated and tend to form more mucoid colonies than other serotypes, are common causes of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The childhood PCV protects against 13 strains of the pneumococcal bacterium, providing excellent immunity for children. (netmums.com)
  • More than 90 different strains of the pneumococcal bacterium have been identified, though only between eight and 10 of them cause the most serious infections. (knowyourdoctor.com.cy)
  • The childhood vaccine (PCV) protects against 13 strains of the pneumococcal bacterium, while the adult vaccine (PPV) protects against 23 strains. (knowyourdoctor.com.cy)
  • The serotypes of 225 S. pneumoniae strains isolated between 1997 and 2011 were identified with the Quellung reaction and serotype-specific PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pneumococcus capsular polysaccharide has been characterised and more than 90 different serotypes have been identified. (ruc.dk)
  • The pneumococcus capsule consists of a complex polysaccharide that determines serologic type and contributes to virulence and pathogenicity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Recently, pneumococcus has shown increasing resistance to penicillin, the preferred drug for treating infection with this organism. (cdc.gov)
  • Serum therapy for infectious diseases was displaced by antibiotics in the 1940s, but identification of specific serotypes remained important as the understanding of the epidemiology of pneumococcal infections still required their identification to determine where different serotypes spread, as well as the variable invasiveness of different serotypes. (wikipedia.org)
  • I'll also tell you about different types of asbestos-related diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • In the context of the BioVacSafe project, UNISI is involved in Work Package 2 " Establishment of reliable in vivo animal models and in vitro models predicting early inflammation and autoimmune diseases ", where is responsible for studying the biomarker expression in the context of acute bacterial infections in pre-clinical models and in humans. (biovacsafe.eu)
  • Clinical profile of invasive pneumococcal diseases in Patan Hospital, Nepal. (ox.ac.uk)
  • GBS isolates from patients with invasive diseases during 2006 -2015 were investigated for capsular serotype, multilocus sequence type (ST), antimicrobial susceptibility, and resistance genes. (medworm.com)
  • The most common application of immunostaining is immunohistochemistry, which is used to assist in the diagnosis of various diseases, including different types of cancer. (news-medical.net)
  • Antibiotic treatment is determined by several factors, including: the type of organism present (based on actual information or best estimation depending on risk factors), the person's history of antibiotic therapy, the person's immune status, the presence of coexisting diseases, and whether hospitalization is needed. (adam.com)
  • Emerging Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases Newly identified bacterial, mycobacterial, mycotic, and actinomycotic pathogens and known pathogens with unusual patterns of drug resistance constitute the focus of the Emerging Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases Branch. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical signs and symptoms and physical examination findings alone cannot distinguish S pneumoniae disease from infections caused by other pathogens. (medscape.com)
  • Administration of S. pneumoniae into the lung resulted in increased inflammation, morbidity, and mortality in Zip8 knockout mice compared with wild-type counterparts. (cdc.gov)
  • In January 2008, after a reevaluation that included more recent clinical studies, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) published new S. pneumoniae breakpoints for penicillin (the preferred antimicrobial for susceptible S. pneumoniae infections). (cdc.gov)
  • S. pneumoniae infections in persons with noninvasive isolates (e.g., from sputum) were not considered IPD cases. (cdc.gov)
  • Based on their thick layer of capsular polysaccharide (CPS), S. pneumoniae have been classified into about 97 different specific types according to the Danish classification system [ 2 , 3 ]. (mdpi.com)
  • We identified 11 patients with S. pneumoniae coinfection. (medscimonit.com)
  • This study identified the serotypes/subtypes and CCs/STs of group 6 S. pneumoniae present in China. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We set out to identify any new serotypes (serotypes "6E", "6F", and "6G") in serogroup 6 S. pneumoniae in China and to report the population biology of this group. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The best way to prevent serious respiratory infections such as pneumonia is to avoid sick people (if possible) and to practice good hygiene. (adam.com)
  • To assess the potential effects of the new breakpoints on susceptibility categorization, CDC applied them to MICs of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) isolates collected by the Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) system* at sites in 10 states during 2006--2007. (cdc.gov)
  • This vaccine protects against invasive bacteremic disease, although existing data suggest that it is less effective in protecting against other types of pneumococcal infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Rates of invasive pneumococcal disease are exceptionally high among Alaskan Natives and American Indians. (cdc.gov)
  • When you add up all these infections, pneumococcal disease is a leading cause of infections and deaths around the world, especially in infants and the elderly. (cdc.gov)
  • Cynthia Whitney] The surveillance system in Israel was set up by working with all the hospitals in the country--26 of them--to get them to report every time a patient was treated there who had invasive pneumococcal disease. (cdc.gov)
  • The authors of this report were able to look at how the amount of invasive disease changed after a new pneumococcal conjugate vaccine program began in Israel. (cdc.gov)
  • The authors found that rates of pneumococcal disease did drop after the new vaccine program began. (cdc.gov)
  • Older adults, even those without other disease, tend to have a poor prognosis with pneumococcal infections. (msdmanuals.com)
  • OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to see the clinical profile of invasive pneumococcal disease, antibiotics sensitivity pattern and prevalent serotypes in children admitted at Patan Hospital. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Vaccine-preventable disease control is continually strengthening in NSW with notable successes in invasive bacterial infections. (who.int)
  • The objectives of vaccine-preventable disease surveillance in NSW are, at an individual level, to identify events that may require immediate public health control measures and, at a population level, to identify risk factors such as age and geographic location that inform better targeted immunization efforts. (who.int)
  • What is Pneumococcal Disease? (drgreenmom.com)
  • These conditions include chronic heart and lung disease, diabetes, cerebrospinal fluid leak, cochlear implant, sickle cell disease and other hemoglobinopathies, functional or anatomic asplenia, HIV infection, or immunocompromising conditions resulting from disease or treatment of a disease. (drgreenmom.com)
  • Among our contributions, we have shown the prophylactic and therapeutic benefit of injected antibodies for prevention of disease in native animals and have identified a detrimental role of type 1 interferon and IL-10 in constraining effective immune protection. (amc.edu)
  • More than just a lung infection, pneumococcal disease comes in many forms. (chicagotribune.com)
  • Under 5 disease surveillance has identified lower respiratory tract infections as the principal cause of health service utilisation. (meiru.info)
  • Past division investigations have identified the causes of Legionnaires' disease, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), Brazilian purpuric fever, and toxic shock syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • The pneumococcal vaccine is thought to be around 50 to 70% effective at preventing pneumococcal disease. (knowyourdoctor.com.cy)
  • Active Bacterial Core surveillance team 2016, ' Using whole genome sequencing to identify resistance determinants and predict antimicrobial resistance phenotypes for year 2015 invasive pneumococcal disease isolates recovered in the United States ', Clinical Microbiology and Infection , vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 1002.e1-1002.e8. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • By using these systems, a model of pneumococcal disease has been assembled. (stjude.org)
  • Evaluation of the safety, immunogenicity and clinical effectiveness of the application of the Cuban anti-pneumococcal vaccine candidate PCV7-T, in patients from one to 18 years of age at risk of pneumococcal disease in the province of Havana. (who.int)
  • Patients from 1 to 18 years of age, of any sex, from the province of Havana, identified in risk groups for pneumococcal disease. (who.int)
  • Another major consequence of susceptibility to infection is that people with underlying severe disease frequently develop acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). (frontiersin.org)
  • Serogroup 6 is one of the most common causes of invasive pneumococcal disease in unvaccinated populations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whereas in the acute phase of the disease immunoregulatory processes prevail in the hippocampus and the cortex, we observed a strong activation of neurogenic processes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, both by gene expression and immunohistology starting as early as 3 days after infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pneumococcal disease can be treated with antibiotics, but antibiotic-resistant pneumococci are found worldwide, e.g. 60 % of pneumococci recovered in Asia are multidrug-resistant [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our recommendations are intended to enable clinicians to achieve better informed decisions on disease management by splenectomy, on the type of splenectomy and the possible consequences. (haematologica.org)
  • Today it is still used to diagnosis a variety of viral infections. (news-medical.net)
  • We tested respiratory and blood samples from patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections hospitalized in South Africa during 2009-2011 for viral and pneumococcal infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Other lower respiratory tract infections seen in children are croup (laryngotracheobronchitis), bronchitis, and bronchiolitis. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • The introduction of pneumococcal vaccine in the United States of America led to a 39% decline in admissions of children to hospital for pneumonia. (who.int)
  • Since the introduction of pneumococcal vaccine we are starting to see a decline in vaccine type pneumococcal carriage, but the evolution of this process is at a much slower rate than expected from other settings and raises issues about the most appropriate vaccine schedule for use in this setting and the role of vaccinating HIV-infected adults to speed up the development of herd immunity. (meiru.info)
  • This report updates the last recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) concerning pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MMWR 1989;38:64-8,73-6). (cdc.gov)
  • Microbiology laboratories should be aware of the new breakpoints to interpret pneumococcal susceptibility accurately, and clinicians should be aware of the breakpoints to prescribe antimicrobials appropriately for pneumococcal infections. (cdc.gov)
  • This suppression of phagocytosis then leads to enhanced susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. (amc.edu)
  • This in part explains their continued elevated susceptibility to this serious infection, but also their ability to act as a potential reservoir of infection. (meiru.info)
  • Pathological inflammation is worsened by chronic bacterial lung infections and susceptibility to recurrent acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), typically caused by viral and/or bacterial respiratory pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
  • and c) upper respiratory tract infections, including otitis media and sinusitis. (cdc.gov)
  • This branch is the focus of the division's child care-related activities and works closely with CDC's Child Day Care Health and Safety Program to develop programs focused on prevention and control of infections in child care centers, especially otitis media. (cdc.gov)
  • Acute otitis media is a bacterial ear infection that causes pain, fluid buildup and hearing loss in the worst cases. (scienceblog.com)
  • The magnitude of the incidence rate ratio and risk difference comparing risk of seizures in the 0-1 days vs. 14-20 days following TIV differed by receipt of concomitant 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). (nih.gov)
  • 90 different pneumococcal serotypes have been identified based on their reaction with type-specific antisera. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These serotypes cause about 90% of invasive infections in children and 60% in adults. (msdmanuals.com)
  • They found that immunization with these membrane vesicles protected mice from getting severe infections with pneumococci. (nordiclifescience.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections (STI) can have severe consequences. (bvsalud.org)
  • AbstractTo better understand the progression of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), identify early predictors of mortality, and improve the cure rate, the present study aimed to analyze the demographic feature, clinical characteristics, and laboratory parameters of patients with SFTS and to explore the risk factors associated with fatal outcome. (medworm.com)
  • If there's been a confirmed severe allergic reaction, called an anaphylactic reaction, to the pneumococcal vaccine or any ingredient in the vaccine, it's best to avoid having it. (knowyourdoctor.com.cy)
  • AbstractNowadays, fungal infections affect millions of people across the world.Candida auris, a new emergent yeast, is a worrisome pathogen because it associates with a high rate of incidence and prevalence, including in the nosocomial environment. (medworm.com)
  • We examined the distribution of the pilus islet, using the presence of the rlrA gene as a marker for the locus, among a collection of invasive isolates recovered in Portugal and analyzed its association with capsular serotypes, clusters defined by the pulsed-field gel electrophoretic profiles (PFGE) and multilocus sequence types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The pilus islet is present in a minority of pneumococcal isolates recovered from human invasive infections and is therefore not an essential virulence factor in these infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For 2316 invasive pneumococcal isolates recovered during 2015 we compared WGS pipeline data to broth dilution testing (BDT) for 18 antimicrobials. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Penicillin is still the most effective antibiotic for streptococcal infection in our study. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Taking antibiotics unnecessarily can lead to short- and long-term side effects , including rashes and antibiotic resistant infections. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Low number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell (neutropenia): Neutropenia can lead to serious infections that require antibiotic therapy and possibly hospitalization. (lls.org)
  • Results from genome wide transcriptomics studies identified early transcript signatures in blood and site of injection following immunization with Varilrix. (biovacsafe.eu)
  • The duration of protection from pneumococcal immunization is not known (some sources state approximately 4-5 years). (drgreenmom.com)
  • Union Health Minister expands Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Under Universal Immunization Program. (chemrobotics.in)
  • Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare, Dr Mansukh Mandaviya launched the nationwide expansion of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) under the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) as a part of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav. (chemrobotics.in)
  • The authors did this by analyzing information from case reports over time and by doing tests on the particular pneumococci causing these infections to see what serotypes they were. (cdc.gov)
  • Understanding the dynamics of competition is important in the context of understanding how perturbations such as vaccine introduction affect the pneumococcal population structure and result in changes in the pneumococci competing for space and nutrients in the nasopharynx. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Serotype-specific antibodies against the capsular polysaccharide are produced during infection.At present, many countries follow the WHO pneumococcal ELISA IgG measurement protocol, in which polysaccharides from ATCC are used as antigens. (ruc.dk)
  • In this project, purified serotype specific pneumococcal antigens from SSI Diagnostica and from ATCC were compared. (ruc.dk)
  • In general, the data showed that both types of polysaccharide could be used as antigens. (ruc.dk)
  • The method involves selectively identifying antigens in a sample of cells within a tissue section through the principle that certain antibodies will bind to specific antigens present in the tissue. (news-medical.net)
  • The initial principle outlined that antibodies labeled with a fluorescent dye could detect pneumococcal antigens in infected tissues. (news-medical.net)
  • These symptoms are more difficult to identify or may be absent in infants, the elderly, or people taking immunosuppressants. (mometrix.com)
  • In recent years, serotype specific polysaccharides from different producers have been tested in pneumococcal antibody assay's. (ruc.dk)
  • In children who have recurrent or chronic symptoms, further testing including skin testing to identify fungal pathogens, sweat chloride estimation to identify Cystic fibrosis, titers against rare organisms, and bronchoscopy may be required. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Laboratory sections serve as international resources to identify and characterize bacterial and fungal pathogens. (cdc.gov)
  • Both widely-distributed and highly clonal blp cassettes were identified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pneumocyclicin cassettes were mainly of one genetic cluster and largely found among seven major pneumococcal clonal complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The 19A strain is named after its sugar capsule type, which is not among the seven in Prevnar. (scienceblog.com)
  • Autolysis Reconsidered: Dynamic Capsule Restructuring by the Pneumococcal Autolysin in Response to the Epithelium. (stjude.org)
  • That study showed that a single codon change in the cps gene, encoding a glycosyl transferase, altered the substrate specificity, caused the biosynthesis of heterogeneous capsule repeating units, and resulted in a new hybrid capsule type. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antimicrobial resistance, which can result in pneumococcal infection treatment failure, is identified by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of an antimicrobial that will inhibit pneumococcal growth. (cdc.gov)
  • The birth-death model detected an unrecognized outbreak of this sublineage in South Africa between 2000 and 2004 with expected secondary infections (effective reproductive number, R) of ∼2.5. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Despite ongoing efforts to reduce AECOPD rates with inhaled corticosteroids, COPD patients remain at heightened risk of developing serious lung infections/AECOPD, frequently leading to hospitalization and infection-dependent delirium. (frontiersin.org)
  • This is because RA treatments can have side effects that put patients at higher risk of infections. (polyclinic.com)
  • The aims of this study were to describe the characteristics of patients infected by mpox in our setting, to determine the prevalence of mpox in samples that are classically used for diagnosing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as anal, urethral, pharyngeal, and urine, and to assess the prevalence of coinfection with STIs in the same samples. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study highlights the importance of monitoring bacterial coinfection in patients with viral lung infection due to SARS-CoV-2. (medscimonit.com)
  • With the exception of upper respiratory tract infections, percentages of patients experiencing these effects were comparable in the eculizumab group and the placebo group. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • We included comparisons of treatment effectiveness in subgroups of patients with OME, and whether outcome differences were related to factors affecting health care delivery or the receipt of pneumococcal vaccine inoculation. (ahrq.gov)
  • Here, we review emerging mechanisms into why COPD patients are susceptible to chronic bacterial infections and highlight dysregulated inflammation and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as central causes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The frequency of necrotizing fasciitis has been on the rise because of an increase in immunocompromised patients with diabetes mellitus, cancer, alcoholism, vascular insufficiencies, organ transplants, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, or neutropenia. (medscape.com)
  • Susceptibilities based on the type of specimen (CSF versus other) were defined by the Clinical and Laboratory Institute (CLSI) in 2008. (medscape.com)
  • 2 µ g/mL, respectively, for all pneumococcal isolates, regardless of clinical syndrome or route of penicillin administration. (cdc.gov)
  • Importantly, classic clinical features of Sjögren syndrome may also be seen in infections with certain viruses. (medscape.com)
  • Clinical Microbiology and Infection , 22 (12), 1002.e1-1002.e8. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • in young children, the primary sites of infection are frequently not identified. (cdc.gov)
  • Ear infections affect approximately one out of every 10 children infected with measles or rubella (aka "German" measles) and can leave them with permanent hearing loss. (chicagotribune.com)
  • Babies whose mothers become infected during pregnancy may be born with hearing loss, and children who contract it directly are at greater risk of ear infections that could result in hearing damage. (chicagotribune.com)
  • Young children have an average of 6 to 8 colds a year, and also may have several bouts of diarrhea and vomiting, as well as ear infections. (kidshealth.org)
  • These recommendations include strategies to separate well visits from sick visits, highlight the importance of in-person newborn visits, continued developmental surveillance and early childhood screenings, and the recommendation to identify children who have missed well-child visits and/or recommended vaccinations to contact them and schedule vaccine appointments. (aafp.org)
  • A pair of pediatricians discovered the strain because it is their standard practice to perform an uncommon procedure called tympanocentesis (ear tap) on children when several antibiotics fail to clear up their ear infections. (scienceblog.com)
  • Even after the ear tap and additional rounds of antibiotics, infections persisted in a small group of children in a Rochester, New York, pediatric practice, leading to ear tube surgery and, in one case, to permanent hearing loss. (scienceblog.com)
  • Children with the new strain of superbug represented a small subset of those in our practice, but the results are worrisome, especially since there are no new antibiotics in the pipeline for ear infections in children," said Michael Pichichero, M.D., professor of Microbiology, Immunology and Pediatrics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, and a partner at Legacy Pediatrics, the private practice involved. (scienceblog.com)
  • In the age of daycare, 83 percent of U.S. children experience one or more ear infections by age three. (scienceblog.com)
  • METHODS: We whole-genome sequenced 12 254 pneumococcal isolates from 29 countries on an Illumina HiSeq sequencer. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A mumps viral infection can damage the cochlea (inner ear) and cause hearing loss or complete deafness in one or both ears. (chicagotribune.com)
  • Genomic sequences were generated with an Illumina Miseq [ 3 ] instrument, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified for core genomes employing kSNP3.0 with k-mer size of 19. (medscape.com)
  • We analysed a collection of 336 diverse pneumococcal genomes dating from 1916 onwards, identified bacteriocin cassettes, detailed their genetic composition and sequence diversity, and evaluated the data in the context of the pneumococcal population structure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that all genomes maintained a blp bacteriocin cassette and we identified several novel blp cassettes and genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most surprisingly, one-third of pneumococcal genomes also possessed a cassette encoding a novel circular bacteriocin that we called pneumocyclicin, which shared a similar genetic organisation to well-characterised circular bacteriocin cassettes in other bacterial species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prophylactic treatment against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, herpes and fungal infections, if a high-dose drug regimen has been given. (lls.org)
  • Some symptoms can be signs of an infection, chronic medical condition, or other medical problem. (kidshealth.org)
  • Our vaccine candidate - membrane particles containing both these proteins - provide protection regardless of pneumococcal type," says Professor Henriques-Normark. (nordiclifescience.org)
  • Breakpoints are MICs that define infections as susceptible (treatable), intermediate (possibly treatable with higher doses), and resistant (not treatable) to certain antimicrobials. (cdc.gov)
  • Bacterial infections contribute disproportionately to pneumonia mortality in developing countries. (who.int)
  • auris traits that render this latest yeast singular challenging.C. auris infections have already been reported from more than 30 countries and are associated with high mortality rates. (medworm.com)
  • A number of affordable recommended interventions have been identified which could prevent 63% of current mortality. (who.int)