Identical repetitive sequences amino acid. Medical search. Frequent questions

Thanks to the latest technological advances, bacterial genomes can now be sequenced in less than 48 hours for less than €100 per genome. (biomedcentral.com)
To further investigate the genomic diversity among this group and to help characterize lineages of the plague organism that have no sequenced members, we present here the genomes of two isolates of the "classical" antiqua biovar, strains Antiqua and Nepal516. (asm.org)
We compare all five currently sequenced Y. pestis genomes and the corresponding features in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis . (asm.org)
The genomes of several other phytopathogenic species in the Magnaporthales have thereafter been sequenced 8 . (nature.com)
To this end, we recently sequenced the genomes of five species and generated transcriptomes from 21 species of Magnaporthales, including saprobes and plant pathogens 9 . (nature.com)
By 2003 biologists had sequenced genomes from about one hundred different species. (learner.org)
Two general strategies have been used in the sequencing of large genomes: clone-based sequencing and whole genome sequencing (Fig. 1). (learner.org)
Bioinformatics is limited to sequence, structural, and functional analysis of genes and genomes and their corresponding products and is often considered computational molecular biology. (limswiki.org)
Sequence data now flow copiously, creating the challenges of understanding the information that our genomes contain, and applying the data and analysis to improve human welfare. (cilecenter.org)
Sequencing genomes of other species facilitates and extends these goals by revealing general principles of biology. (cilecenter.org)
Repetitive elements of an unknown function surprisingly account for the large fractions of our genomes. (cilecenter.org)

Transposable elements (TEs) or mobile genetic elements are nucleic acid entities that can move in a genome. (biomedcentral.com)
These nucleic acid polymers encode for the all of the materials an organism needs to live in the form of genes. (wikibooks.org)
DNA is a nucleic acid which is capable of duplicating itself via the enzyme known as DNA polymerase. (wikibooks.org)
18. What nucleic acid does in situ hybridization stain? (examyear.com)

Conserved nucleotides are indicated by an asterisk and identical amino acid residues are shown in bold font. (xenbase.org)
DNA and RNA are composed of linked sequences of nucleotides . (agemed.org)
1.Genetic code is the relationship between the sequence of nucleotides on mRNA and the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide. (infinitylearn.com)
In 2001 two rival teams jointly announced the completion of a draft sequence of the entire human genome, consisting of more than three billion nucleotides. (learner.org)
While our genes are encoded by a varying sequence of nucleotides, the genotype is determined by the DNA sequence, both nuclear and mitochondrial. (cilecenter.org)
Proteins were known to be composed of 20 distinct amino acids whereas DNA is composed of only 4 nucleotides. (proprofs.com)
In the early twentieth century, it was believed that proteins might carry genetic information because proteins were known to be composed of 20 distinct amino acids, whereas DNA is composed of only 4 nucleotides. (proprofs.com)

The phyloge- high-throughput gene sequencing of structural genes (19) netic structure is concordant with all the previously and host immune system protein targets (20) in M. tuber- described genotypic and phenotypic groupings of M. tuber- culosis strains and provides a unifying framework for both culosis isolates indicated low levels of sequence diversity. (cdc.gov)
Sequence and organization of coelacanth neurohypophysial hormone genes: evolutionary history of the vertebrate neurohypophysial hormone gene locus. (xenbase.org)
We have sequenced a coelacanth (Latimeria menadoensis) BAC clone encompassing the neurohypophysial hormone genes and investigated the evolutionary history of the vertebrate neurohypophysial hormone gene locus within a comparative genomics framework. (xenbase.org)
Besides the complete sequence of the A15 gene, sequencing data of two flanking ORFs are presented. (elsevierpure.com)
Sequences homologous to the A15 gene were detected in chromosomal DNA from Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, and M. tuberculosis. (elsevierpure.com)
i)Point mutation occurs due to change in single base pair.Its example is a change of single base pair in the gene for beta-globin chain of haemoglobin that results in the change of amino acid residue glutamate to valine. (infinitylearn.com)
To further test the effects of transposon-aided gene amplifications on genome evolution and architecture, the repetitive fraction of the significantly expanded genome of the banana pathogen, Pseudocercospora fijiensis , was analyzed in greater detail. (biomedcentral.com)
Huntington disease results from a mutation in the huntingtin ( HTT ) gene (on chromosome 4), causing abnormal repetition of the DNA sequence CAG, which codes for the amino acid glutamine. (msdmanuals.com)
Major research efforts in the field include sequence alignment, gene finding, genome assembly, drug design, drug discovery, protein structure alignment, protein structure prediction, prediction of gene expression and protein-protein interactions, genome-wide association studies, and the modeling of evolution. (limswiki.org)
For example, there are methods to locate a gene within a sequence, to predict protein structure and/or function, and to cluster protein sequences into families of related sequences. (ind.in)
Moreover, the 3′ UTRs of Brd and of the m4 transcription unit of the Enhancer of split gene complex [E(spl)-C] exhibit an unusually high degree of sequence identity that includes not only Brd box sequences but also a second motif we refer to as the 'GY box' (GTCTTCC). (biologists.com)
Structural gene mRNAs have to be spliced ahead of translation to eliminate intronic sequences. (env-net.org)
the invention also provides non-human animals and cells comprising a transgene encoding an APP comprising the Swedish mutation and further comprising functionally disrupted endogenous APP gene loci, transgenes and targeting constructs used to produce such transgenic cells and animals, transgenes encoding human Swedish mutation APP polypeptide sequences, and methods for using the transgenic animals in pharmaceutical screening and as commercial research animals for modeling neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. (justia.com)
qnrA is the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene encoding a 218 amino acid protein of the pentapeptide family that protects DNA gyrase from quinolone inhibition[ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Nucleotide sequences provide robust, genes associated with antimicrobial drug resistance has sufficient variation to construct a robust phylogenetic tree portable, and comparable data for studying population for M. tuberculosis . (cdc.gov)
Nucleotide sequences of the second exons of the two genes are under purifying selection implying a regulatory function. (xenbase.org)
Comparison of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of coelacanth vasotocin and mesotocin genes. (xenbase.org)
The 12 repeats, present within and near the 5' end of a second ORF, are almost identical to repeats that have been reported to be present in the region between the petC and petA genes of a related cyanobacterium. (agri.gov.il)
In contrast, many genes underwent positive selection in this order and the majority of these sequences are clade-specific. (nature.com)
Two genes on exactly the same DNA molecule can have coding sequences on various strands. (env-net.org)
Genes are composed of double helical deoxyribonucleic acids, or DNA. (cilecenter.org)
We sequenced the worm's ~ 688-Mb haploid genome with an overall completeness of ~ 95% and discovered that L. luymesi lacks many genes essential in amino acid biosynthesis, obligating them to products provided by symbionts. (biomedcentral.com)
When comparing 14 near-to-complete genome sequences, our results estimated the theoretical Naegleria pangenome as a closed genome, with 13,943 genes, including 3,563 core and 10,380 accessory genes. (cdc.gov)
The functional annotations revealed that a large fraction of Naegleria genes show significant sequence similarity with those already described in other kingdoms, namely Animalia and Plantae. (cdc.gov)

In this article, we demonstrate how KvarQ can be used to successfully detect all main drug resistance mutations and phylogenetic markers in 880 bacterial whole genome sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
As whole genome sequences became available, again with the pioneering work of Frederick Sanger, the term bioinformatics was re-discovered to refer to the creation of databases such as GenBank in 1982. (ind.in)

An array of protein tandem repeats is defined as several (at least two) adjacent copies having the same or similar sequence motifs. (wikipedia.org)
Examples of disordered repetitive sequences include the 7-mer peptide repeats found in the RPB1 subunit of RNA polymerase II, or the tandem beta-catenin or axin binding linear motifs in APC (adenomatous polyposis coli). (wikipedia.org)
WD-40 repeats (also known as WD or beta-transducin repeats) are short ~40 amino acid motifs, often terminating in a Trp-Asp (W-D) dipeptide. (embl.de)
Regions of repeated sequence motifs or repeated domains. (ucsc.edu)

It requires not only finding the nucleotide sequence of small pieces of the genome, but also ordering those small pieces together into the whole genome. (learner.org)

they are stabilized by hydrogen bonds and intermolecular bonds (Silva and Penna, 2012), which are composed of three helical polypeptide chains, each with about 1000 amino acids, which are called an α chain. (earthwormexpress.com)
It consists of three polypeptide chains, two of which are identical, which are called chain α1 (I) and α2 (I), and which are composed of different amino acids. (earthwormexpress.com)
6. Translation is the process of polymerisation of amino acids to form a polypeptide. (infinitylearn.com)

i)The order and sequence of amino acids are defined by the sequence of bases in the mRNA. (infinitylearn.com)
Expression of (cac)n/(gtg)n simple repetitive sequences in mRNA of human lymphocytes. (nih.gov)

5.Francis Crick postulated the presence of an adapter molecule that would on one hand read the code and on other hand would bind to specific amino acids. (infinitylearn.com)
http://hr.uw.edu/jobs/ A codon is a group of 3 bases that link with each other to request a specific amino acid. (env-net.org)

We present the nucleotide sequence of a 2,555-base-pair portion of this fragment containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 601 amino acids. (agri.gov.il)

The average scanning time per genome sequence was two minutes. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we generated genome sequence data from five additional Magnaporthales fungi including non-pathogenic species, and performed comparative genome analysis of a total of 13 fungal species in the class Sordariomycetes to understand the evolutionary history of the Magnaporthales and of fungal pathogenesis. (nature.com)
The capstone, of course, was the completion of the human genome sequence. (learner.org)

Repetitive units of protein tandem repeats are considerably diverse, ranging from the repetition of a single amino acid to domains of 100 or more residues. (wikipedia.org)
The degree of similarity can be highly variable, with some repeats maintaining only a few conserved amino acid positions and a characteristic length. (wikipedia.org)
Highly degenerate repeats can be very difficult to detect from sequence alone. (wikipedia.org)
Repeats that are at least 30 to 40 amino acids long are far more likely to be folded as part of a domain. (wikipedia.org)
Tandem repeats with short repetitive units (especially homorepeats) are more frequent than others. (wikipedia.org)
Protein tandem repeats can be either detected from sequence or annotated from structure. (wikipedia.org)
The specificity of the proteins is determined by the sequences outside the repeats themselves. (embl.de)
We chose proteins that include amino and carboxyl extensions as well as proteins that are made up entirely of WD-repeats. (embl.de)

U.K. clinical isolates, silent single nucleotide polymor- variation in insertion sequences (4) and repetitive genom- phisms (sSNPs) resolve an unambiguous phylogeny and ic elements (5,6), have elucidated clusters of identical and provide a unifying framework for epidemiologic, popula- closely related strain families (7-9). (cdc.gov)
A total 213 of non-repetitive clinical isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin from E. coli and K. pneumoniae were collected from hospitalized patients at five children's hospital in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chongqing. (biomedcentral.com)

ii)Frameshift mutation occurs where addition/insertion or deletion of one or two bases changes the reading frame from the site of mutation, resulting in a protein with a different set of amino acids. (infinitylearn.com)
Insertion or deletion of three of its multiples of bases do not alter the reading frame but one/more amino acids are coded in the protein translated. (infinitylearn.com)

The mutational processes that generate this vari- with a minimum of four distinct M. tuberculosis lineages, ation are understood, and sequence data have been suc- closely related to M. bovis . (cdc.gov)

High-throughput DNA sequencing produces vast amounts of data, with millions of short reads that usually have to be mapped to a reference genome or newly assembled. (biomedcentral.com)
Data management and analysis are critical parts of the process, as these sequencing machines generate vast amounts of data. (learner.org)

Intronic sequences are shown in lower case. (xenbase.org)

both studies, comparable sequence data were obtained on a limited number of highly selected isolates. (cdc.gov)

The fine specificity of the TF-specific CTL repertoire indicates that the TcR recognize the glycosylated amino acid residue together with TF in a conventional major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted fashion. (silverchair.com)

Structural similarity can help to identify repetitive patterns in sequence. (wikipedia.org)
The avenins of oats have lower sequence similarity and a low toxicity profile. (karger.com)

The phylogenetic diversity of a population of 84 Beauveria strains -mainly B. bassiana (n = 76) - isolated from temperate, sub-tropical and tropical habitats was examined by analyzing the nucleotide sequences of two mt intergenic regions ( atp 6- rns and nad 3- atp 9) and the nuclear ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 domain. (biomedcentral.com)
All qnr -positive were analyzed for clonality by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR. (biomedcentral.com)

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic Acid . (wikibooks.org)

ii)One codon codes for only one amino acid, hence, it is unambiguous and specific. (infinitylearn.com)

Based mostly on our crystal structures and homology modeling, we recognized five amino acids surrounding the inhibitor binding site that we hypothe sized could contribute to inhibitor selectivity. (phosphorylase-signal.com)

amyloid peptide sequence (Esch et al. (justia.com)

We can therefore amplify nucleotide sequences from infinitesimal amounts of DNA extract. (intechopen.com)

Another early contributor to bioinformatics was Elvin A. Kabat , who pioneered biological sequence analysis in 1970 with his comprehensive volumes of antibody sequences released with Tai Te Wu between 1980 and 1991. (ind.in)

Sequence-based strategies, based on homology search or domain assignment, mostly underestimate TRs due to the presence of highly degenerate repeat units. (wikipedia.org)

We developed KvarQ, a new tool that directly scans fastq files of bacterial genome sequences for known variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), bypassing the need of mapping all sequencing reads to a reference genome and de novo assembly. (biomedcentral.com)
One special type of plasmid used for genome sequencing is a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) , which can contain DNA fragments of about 150 kb. (learner.org)

Recent advances in molecular the translated amino acid. (cdc.gov)
Computers became essential in molecular biology when protein sequences became available after Frederick Sanger determined the sequence of insulin in the early 1950s. (ind.in)
Dayhoff compiled one of the first protein sequence databases, initially published as books and pioneered methods of sequence alignment and molecular evolution. (ind.in)
Consequently, phenotypic traits - both macroscopic and molecular - depend on a combination of influences from genome sequences, the individual's life history and the epigenetic signals in the fertilized egg. (cilecenter.org)

iii)Some amino acids are coded by more than one codon, hence the code is degenerate. (infinitylearn.com)
iii)Silent mutation occurs when a base change in a codon does not alter the amino acid coded. (infinitylearn.com)
In DNA a sequence of three bases, which is called a codon, is responsible for the encoding of a single amino acid. (wikibooks.org)

This enables researchers and laboratory technicians with limited bioinformatics expertise to scan and analyze raw sequencing data in a matter of minutes. (biomedcentral.com)
The paucity of studies and the lack of sequence data from non-model species in Magnaporthales results in a poor understanding of the phylogeny and an unstable taxonomy of Magnaporthales species. (nature.com)
Therefore, the field of bioinformatics has evolved such that the most pressing task now involves the analysis and interpretation of various types of data, including nucleotide and amino acid sequences, protein domains, and protein structures. (limswiki.org)
With the public availability of data tools for their analysis were quickly developed and described in journals such as Nucleic Acids Research which published specialized issues on bioinformatics tools as early as 1982. (ind.in)
A major challenge is to decipher transcription factor binding sites from sequence and functional genomic data using computational means. (biomedcentral.com)
REDUCE is a deterministic method that first enumerates oligonucleotides and then identifies words whose occurrence in promoter sequences correlate most strongly with expression data. (biomedcentral.com)

CDDs are slowly metabolized in mammalian tissues via oxidation and reductive dechlorination reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes, followed by conjugation to more polar molecules such as glutathione and glucuronic acid (ATSDR 1998). (cdc.gov)

Common activities in bioinformatics include mapping and analyzing DNA and protein sequences, aligning different DNA and protein sequences to compare them, and creating and viewing 3-D models of protein structures. (limswiki.org)
Arguably one of the first "bioinformatics" projects-though the concept didn't yet exist-involved the 1965 creation and maintenance of a protein sequence database called the Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure by Margaret O. Dayhoff, Richard V. Eck, and Robert S. Ledley. (limswiki.org)

Dulbecco also argued that such a project should be "an international undertaking, because the sequence of the human DNA is the reality of the species, and everything that happens in the world depends upon those sequences. (learner.org)
Warning: This entry is a compilation of different species or line or strain with more than 90% amino acid identity. (inrae.fr)

It will be intriguing to observe how a number of these putative protein-coding transcripts initiating within repetitive elements are in reality translated. (env-net.org)

Mutagenesis sites and sequence variants. (ucsc.edu)

All other tracks are (start,end) SwissProt annotations on these sequences mapped through this alignment. (ucsc.edu)

We present a detailed sequence analysis of the 10 formins (ForA to J) identified in the genome of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum . (biomedcentral.com)
Sequence analysis of a 1.2-kb fragment containing the entire coding sequence of A15 revealed three open reading frames (ORFs), only one of which (ORF II) contains sufficient genetic information to encode for A15. (elsevierpure.com)
Moreover, computer software for sequence analysis was just being developed. (learner.org)

C pairs with G and A pairs with T. During cell division, the double helix DNA open up and each DNA strand becomes a template for the formation of new double helical DNA that is identical to the original one. (cilecenter.org)

In proteins, a "repeat" is any sequence block that returns more than one time in the sequence, either in an identical or a highly similar form. (wikipedia.org)
Different proteins were known to have unique sequences, whereas it was thought that all DNA molecules have the same sequence. (proprofs.com)

DNAs from cosmids of group II all contain a 10-kb PstI fragment that hybridized to the unique repetitive M. leprae DNA. (elsevierpure.com)
This method can generate tens of billions of copies of a particular DNA fragment (the sequence of interest, DNA of interest, or target DNA) from a DNA extract (DNA template). (intechopen.com)

Although extensive genomic sequencing was performed in populations. (cdc.gov)

Structure-based methods instead take advantage of the modularity of available PDB structures to recognize repetitive elements. (wikipedia.org)

When evolutionary theorist Andreas Wagner says that "over thousands and millions of generations, copy error after tolerable copy error can thus accumulate and slowly change a protein's amino acid sequence," 4 he's envisioning-not observing-the wishful evolutionary outcome of copious random genetic variation. (icr.org)

Since then, advances in technology have made genomic sequencing cheaper and faster. (cilecenter.org)

In Huntington disease, the caudate nucleus atrophies, the inhibitory medium spiny neurons in the corpus striatum degenerate, and levels of the neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and substance P decrease. (msdmanuals.com)

The central, catalytic domain of GRKs is actually a serine threonine kinase domain 32% identical in sequence to your catalytic subunit of protein kinase A and is thus a member in the PKA, PKG, and PKC family members of kinases. (phosphorylase-signal.com)

A recent study to understand and improve Pfam coverage of the human proteome showed that five of the ten largest sequence clusters not annotated with Pfam are repeat regions. (wikipedia.org)
In 1986 Nobel laureate Renato Dulbecco laid down the gauntlet to the scientific community to sequence the complete human genome. (learner.org)
Like the conquest of space, sequencing the human genome required the development of wholly new technologies. (learner.org)
One major surprise emerged from the sequencing of the human genome. (learner.org)
developed a therapeutic vaccine that uses as antigen a truncated form of human VEGF (aminoacids 26-104). (researchsquare.com)
Some Naegleria genome sequences are publicly available, but the genetic basis for Naegleria diversity and ability to thrive in diverse environments (including human brain) remains unclear. (cdc.gov)

Vertical bars represent repetitive elements (LINE, LF-SINE, LmeSINE1 and AmnSINE1). (xenbase.org)

i)tRNA has an anticodon loop that has bases complementary to the code and also has an amino acid acceptor end, which it binds to amino acids. (infinitylearn.com)

Even protein sequences without a single curated annotation (splice isoforms) are visible in this track. (ucsc.edu)
Test for increased 5-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen (PBG) in a single-void urine collected during an attack. (medscape.com)

During the 1990s rapid progress was made in developing automated sequencing methods and improving computer hardware and software. (learner.org)
If these methods are applied consistently across all accurately measured fossils, a beautiful sequence of change with time can be established, all going back to the origin of life. (coviddemystified.com)

The complete cause drug resistance are distributed throughout the tree, genome sequences (15-18) provide access to all regions of whereas nonsynonymous base substitutions unrelated to the chromosome and facilitate such studies. (cdc.gov)

The BAC clone (66G11) sequenced is shown below. (xenbase.org)
In clone-based sequencing (also known as hierarchical shotgun sequencing) the first step is mapping. (learner.org)

The sequence information provides a starting point from which the real research into the thousands of diseases that have a genetic basis can begin. (learner.org)

Anatomy20

Organisms18

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs91

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes111

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science7

Genomes11

Nucleic Acid4

Nucleotides7

Gene14

Genes10

Whole genome sequences2

Motifs4

Finding the nucleotide1

Polypeptide3

MRNA2

Specific amino2

Nucleotide sequence1

Genome sequence3

Repeats8

Clinical isolates2

Insertion2

Lineages1

Vast amounts of data2

Intronic1

Isolates1

Residue1

Similarity2

Intergenic2

Deoxyribonucleic1

Unambiguous1

Inhibitor1

Peptide sequence1

Amounts1

19911

Homology1

Bacterial2

Molecular4

Codon3

Data6

19981

Bioinformatics2

Species2

Putative1

Variants1

Alignment1

Analysis3

Helical1

Proteins2

Fragment2

Populations1

Recognize1

Evolutionary1

Advances1

Degenerate1

Catalytic1

Human6

Elements1

Complementary1

Single2

Methods2

Chromosome1

Clone2

Genetic basis1