Hypothesis phenotype. Medical search. Frequent questions

I hypothesis that manipulation of lung macrophage phenotype by treatment with azithromycin may limit fibrosis in the lung. (europa.eu)
Additionally, M2 macrophages have been traditionally thought of as being the predominant macrophage phenotype in solid tumours (tumour-associated macrophages). (ersjournals.com)

The thrifty gene hypothesis, or Gianfranco's hypothesis[citation needed] is an attempt by geneticist James V. Neel to explain why certain populations and subpopulations in the modern day are prone to diabetes mellitus type 2. (wikipedia.org)
According to the hypothesis, the 'thrifty' genotype would have been advantageous for hunter-gatherer populations, especially child-bearing women, because it would allow them to fatten more quickly during times of abundance. (wikipedia.org)
In the decades following the publications of his first paper on the "thrifty genotype" hypothesis, Neel researched the frequency of diabetes and (increasingly) obesity in a number of other populations and sought out observations that might disprove or discount his "thrifty gene" hypothesis. (wikipedia.org)
Neel's further investigations cast doubt on the "thrifty genotype" hypothesis. (wikipedia.org)
In 1989, Neel published a review of his further research based on the "thrifty genotype" hypothesis and in the Introduction noted the following: "The data on which that (rather soft) hypothesis was based has now largely collapsed. (wikipedia.org)
Barker Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis. (ehd.org)

One of their most conspicuous footprints is discordance among gene trees or between genes and phenotypes. (unboundmedicine.com)
Inclusion of other genes in the duplicated region, or inclusion of aberrations of genes at the duplication endpoints, may potentially affect the phenotype. (medscape.com)
Array data are intended to provide candidate genes for hypothesis generation and further experimentation. (cdc.gov)

He proposed the hypothesis in 1962 to resolve a fundamental problem: diabetes is clearly a very harmful medical condition, yet it is quite common, and it was already evident to Neel that it likely had a strong genetic basis. (wikipedia.org)
In order to fully understand pleiotropy, you need to study individuals that have a large number of phenotypes measured and their genome-wide genetic variation measured. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
Sixteen novel, genetically supported therapeutic hypotheses tested in drug trials represent a small, non-increasing fraction of trials, and the mean lag from genetic association to first trial was 13 years. (nature.com)
Based on these results, we formed a hypothesis that gene redundancy could influence genetic characterization of WRKY75. (helsinki.fi)
However, most studies that report introgression fail to disprove the null hypothesis that genetic incongruence may result from stochastic sorting of ancestral allelic polymorphisms. (unboundmedicine.com)
We want to describe differences in the phenotype, the genetic upset and immunological-pattern in this group of children and link these data to the risk of developing comorbidities and late complications. (lu.se)

One hypothesis is that, in addition from fetal tissue. (cdc.gov)
Taking tolcapone in mid-gestation barely caused embryo lethality, however, the mice developed preeclampsia-like phenotypes, including maternal hypertension, proteinuria and fetal growth restriction. (biorxiv.org)
The concept of fetal programming stemmed from the fetal origins hypothesis, also known as Barker's hypothesis, that David Barker proposed in 1995 at the University of Southampton in Southampton, England. (asu.edu)
The fetal origins hypothesis states that undernutrition in the womb during middle to late pregnancy causes improper fetal growth, which in turn, causes a predisposition to certain diseases in adulthood. (asu.edu)
Before Barker defined the fetal origins hypothesis in 1995, scientists attributed the importance of the in utero environment on later development in other ways. (asu.edu)

The presence of neurotransmitter receptors in microglia illustrates their functional connection to neurons and this receptor activation could cause microglial cells to perform different activation phenotypes ( Pocock and Kettenmann, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
OD exposure is known to induce a pro-inflammatory phenotype in microglial cells. (cdc.gov)

The hygiene hypothesis of atopy was first introduced in 1989, [ 1 ] but there has not been a uniform definition of the term. (medscape.com)
Cite this: Farm Living Study Confirms the Hygiene Hypothesis - Medscape - Sep 16, 2016. (medscape.com)
Decreased exposure to infections and allergens in early childhood has been linked to the increased incidence of asthma in industrialized countries (the "hygiene hypothesis") [Liu and Murphy 2003]. (cdc.gov)
The hygiene hypothesis of asthma states that naturally occurring infections and allergen exposures might essentially immunize against the development of asthma and allergic and autoimmune diseases. (cdc.gov)

Finally, CGS21680 reduces cholesterol accumulation (Filipin III staining), which is the main criterion currently used for identification of a compound or pathway that would be beneficial for NPC disease, and such an effect is prevented by the Ca 2+ chelator BAPTA-AM. Our findings strongly support the hypothesis that A 2A R agonists may represent a therapeutic option for NPC1 and provide insights on their mechanisms of action. (jneurosci.org)
FL60 is utilizing the UK Biobank to fully interrogate pleiotropy, patient symptom heterogeneity and progression heterogeneity in order to generate better therapeutic hypotheses and select better targets to develop new therapies. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
In this study, we sought to understand the disease stages and therapeutic hypotheses studied in clinical trials conducted in neurodegenerative diseases to date. (nature.com)
Numerous asthma phenotypes have been described, including occupational asthma, and therapeutic strategies for asthma control are similar regardless of phenotype. (cdc.gov)

In particular, data for LVEF, strain and displacement are consistent with previous clinical observations in patients with HFpEF, and substantiate the hypothesis that increased subepicardial contractility may compensate for subendocardial dysfunction and play a vital role in maintaining LVEF. (frontiersin.org)
Manu's core hypothesis is that modifiable biological networks generate clinical phenotypes, and such networks could be determined by integration of clinical and immunobiology data. (ed.ac.uk)
Many of these illness networks are causal and determine clinical phenotypes. (ed.ac.uk)

Low birthweight, measures of insulin resistance in life, and ultimately glucose intolerance, diabetes, and hypertension could all be phenotypes of the same insulin-resistant genotype. (nih.gov)
population as well as in families), molecular pathology (aimed at developing molecular-based classification and diagnosis procedures for cancer diseases), and pharmacogenomics/pharmacoproteomics (understanding the correlation between an individual patient's genotype/phenotype and response to drug treatment). (who.int)

Noteworthy, we report that both col4a1 and col25a1 are expressed in cells with a neuronal phenotype, unlike what has already been documented in mammalian brain, in which only col25a1 is considered a neuronal marker, whereas col4a1 seems to be expressed only in endothelial cells. (unina.it)

We tested the hypothesis that a variant of the LIM homeodomain gene LHX4 is responsible for the dwarfism phenotype. (nih.gov)
This is more compatible with the calcium assimilation hypothesis, since lactase persistence is beneficial in low sunshine (high latitude) regions than with the gene-cultural co-evolution hypothesis, according to which pastoralists become LP because of their need to rely on animal milk. (blogspot.com)
The gene-culture coevolution hypothesis supposes a nutritional advantage of lactose digestion in pastoral populations. (blogspot.com)
Our results show that gene-culture coevolution is a likely hypothesis in Africa as high LCT*P frequencies are preferentially found in pastoral populations. (blogspot.com)
This selection pressure increasing with latitude is highly compatible with the calcium assimilation hypothesis while the gene-culture coevolution hypothesis cannot be ruled out if a positively selected lactase gene was carried at the front of the expansion wave during the Neolithic transition in Europe. (blogspot.com)
2) The cal (calcium assimilation) hypothesis is better than the gcc (gene-culture coevolution). (blogspot.com)
Here we apply three methods, molecular dating, multispecies coalescent models, and gene tree simulation under coalescence, to compare these two hypotheses that explain the polyphyletic mtDNA of the butterfly peacock bass, Cichla orinocensis. (unboundmedicine.com)

We tested this hypothesis in cells, fruit flies, and mice and found that indeed chaperone overexpression mitigates SCA1 neuropathology and phenotypes. (bcm.edu)
this provides strong experimental support for the hypothesis that overexpression of PLP1 is deleterious to oligodendrocytes. (medscape.com)

However, they do suggest that the hypothesis of LP spreading during the Neolithic, and being selected at higher latitudes (south-to-north) is more attractive than its spread by pastoralists who were genetically adapted to consume milk in adulthood, as is the case in Africa. (blogspot.com)
this supports the hypothesis that all of these cases are genetically determined with poor penetrance of the phenotype. (bmj.com)
However, according to the Lyon hypothesis, 1 of the 2 X chromosomes in each female somatic cell is inactivated genetically early in embryonic life (on or about day 16). (msdmanuals.com)
Certain immune system components, such as the T-helper phenotype, are determined in the first year of life by environmental exposure to respiratory infections or environmental allergens in genetically predisposed individuals [Robinson et al. (cdc.gov)

I will investigate whether specific macrophage phenotypes contribute to loss of function by driving aberrant epithelial repair and fibrotic remodeling in the lung. (europa.eu)
Macrophages infiltrating the tumour islets in nonsmall cell lung cancer were predominantly of the M1 phenotype in patients with extended survival. (ersjournals.com)

The role of macrophage phenotypes in tumour progression has been extensively reviewed 6 - 10 . (ersjournals.com)

We hypothesized that "autoimmune encephalitides" may result from any brain inflammation concurring with the presence of brain antigen-directed autoantibodies, e.g., against N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor NR1 (NMDAR1-AB), which are not causal of, but may considerably shape the encephalitis phenotype. (nature.com)

Numerous phenotypes of asthma have inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus produc- been described, and a better understanding of the pathophysio- tion. (cdc.gov)

After the inflammation fades away, microglia shift into the alternative activated M2 phenotypes that play a role in neuroprotection. (frontiersin.org)

In conclusion, tolcapone causes embryo lethality and growth restriction in early gestation, while in mid-gestation tolcapone causes preeclampsia-like phenotypes in mice with defective trophoblast invasion. (biorxiv.org)

CD68 + macrophages expressing markers of a cytotoxic M1 phenotype or a noncytotoxic M2 phenotype were identified in the islets and stroma of surgically resected tumours from 20 patients with extended survival (median 92.7 months) and 20 with poor survival (median 7.7 months), using immunohistochemistry. (ersjournals.com)

An operational definition of asthma developed by experts logical mechanisms of different asthma phenotypes, including in the field (1) describes major attributes of the disorder. (cdc.gov)

Miller explained that the "thermoregulatory mode hypothesis" suggests that ectotherms-because they require external temperatures to regulate their body temperatures and, therefore, often have lower metabolisms-age more slowly than endotherms, which internally generate their own heat and have higher metabolisms. (neiu.edu)

The protective phenotypes hypothesis suggests that animals with physical or chemical traits that confer protection-such as armor, spines, shells or venom-have slower aging and greater longevity. (neiu.edu)
The calcium assimilation hypothesis suggests that carriers of the lactase persistence allele(s) (LCT*P) are favoured in high-latitude regions, where sunshine is insufficient to allow accurate vitamin-D synthesis. (blogspot.com)

The hypothesis has received various criticisms and several modified or alternative hypotheses have been proposed. (wikipedia.org)

Although the hypothesis of 'cancer as a mutator phenotype' was postulated more than 20 years ago, there was no precedent for our finding that. (the-scientist.com)
The M1 phenotype (classically activated) macrophages are thought to be induced by interferon-γ, with or without lipopolysaccharide and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and exert a cytotoxic effect against cancer cells. (ersjournals.com)
Human biological specimens have been used for of a number of molecular parameters and will require many decades for translational purposes in cancer systematic preservation of frozen biospecimens or research, in particular for testing hypotheses and derived biomaterial. (who.int)

In the past decades, many studies have focused on the monoamine hypothesis. (frontiersin.org)

Furthermore, drugs elevating Ca 2+ levels correct the NPC1 phenotype in vitro , reduce neurological disturbances, and prolong survival in a mouse model of NPC1 disease. (jneurosci.org)

There is evidence to support this hypothesis. (nih.gov)
We found the biggest support for the protective phenotype hypothesis in turtles. (neiu.edu)

We therefore explored a physics-based mathematical [finite element (FE)] model of the normal human LV to test the hypothesis that reduced subendocardial contractility combined with compensatory high subepicardial contractility may help in preserving LVEF independent of changes in myocardial geometry and material properties. (frontiersin.org)
In this work, we test the validity of these two hypotheses on a large worldwide dataset of lactase persistence frequencies by using several complementary approaches. (blogspot.com)
Our aim was to test the hypothesis that children surviving extremely preterm birth have important structural or functional changes of the right heart or pulmonary circulation. (lu.se)
Objective: To test the hypothesis that structured interventions based on a Mediterranean diet or mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) during pregnancy improve child neurodevelopment at age 2 years. (bvsalud.org)

Neel later stated that the hypothesis applied to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (wikipedia.org)
One of our hypotheses is that there are common triggers and etiologies behind type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and will investigate if the epidemic of early childhood obesity may be a trigger for type 1 diabetes in childhood. (lu.se)

Hypothesis for development of behavioural phenotype in Williams syndrome. (bvsalud.org)

The team also found that protective phenotypes, such as the hard shells of most turtle species, contribute to slower aging, and in some cases even "negligible aging," or lack of biological aging. (neiu.edu)

Host - virus - drug interactions as determinants of COVID-19's phenotypes: A data-driven hypothesis. (cdc.gov)

The primary aim of the present study was to determine the immunological phenotype of NSCLC-associated macrophages. (ersjournals.com)

My lab pursues the hypothesis that critical illnesses reflect perturbations within intracellular and intercellular networks that link cells, and organ systems. (ed.ac.uk)

[ 7 ] These individuals have a more severe phenotype than most individuals with duplications. (medscape.com)

Two hypotheses are usually proposed to explain the particular distribution of the lactase persistence phenotype. (blogspot.com)
Since they show a marine phenotype - very long spines and a full set of lateral bony plates - it could explain why stickleback were able to colonize the huge pelagic environment of Lake Constance. (eawag.ch)

Some hypotheses about the evolution of the human brain argue that it is a sexually selected trait, as it would not confer enough fitness in itself relative to its high maintenance costs (a fifth to a quarter of the energy and oxygen consumed by a human). (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy27

Organisms22

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs47

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment51

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes101

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science6

Named Groups1

Health Care10

Macrophage phenotype2

Thrifty6

Genes3

Genetic6

Fetal5

Microglial cells2

Hygiene hypothesis4

Therapeutic4

Clinical3

Genotype2

Neuronal1

Gene7

Overexpression2

Genetically4

Lung2

Progression1

Causal1

Numerous1

Inflammation1

Mice1

Patients1

Asthma1

Generate1

Suggests2

Alternative1

Cancer3

Decades1

Survival1

Support2

Test4

Diabetes2

Development1

Found1

Data1

Study1

Critical1

Individuals1

Explain2

High1