Hypothesis alternatives probability theory. Medical search. Frequent questions

The following topics will be covered: measures of central tendency and dispersion, regression and correlation, probability, sampling distributions including the normal, t, and chi-square, statistical inference using confidence intervals and hypotheses testing. (shastacollege.edu)
Probability of finite sample spaces, discrete and continuous probability distributions, exploratory data analysis, statistical models. (bemidjistate.edu)
In contrast Bayesian statistics looks quite different, and this is because it is fundamentally all about modifying conditional probabilities - it uses prior distributions for unknown quantities which it then updates to posterior distributions using the laws of probability. (bvs.br)
Topics include the fundamental concepts of probability theory, Bayes' rule, notions of discrete and continuous distributions, hypothesis testing, and other necessary statistical instruments, which are widely used in almost every phase of your academic career. (cgu.edu)
Review of probability and Baye's theorem - Random variables - Discrete and Continuous random variables - Distribution functions - Probability mass function, Probability density function and Cumulative distribution functions - Mathematical Expectation and Variance - Binomial, Poisson, Uniform and Normal distributions. (cynohub.com)
theory distributions - Introduction to t, estimations - Maximum error of estimate. (cynohub.com)

If we reject the null hypothesis at say, a 95% confidence level, there is a 5% probability that the null hypothesis was incorrectly rejected. (blogspot.com)
When the p-value is less than or equal to the significance level, you reject the null hypothesis. (my-assignmentexpert.com)
To determine whether to reject the null hypothesis using the t-value, compare the t-value to the critical value. (portanywhere.com)
As discussed above, the hypothesis test helps the analyst in testing the statistical sample and at the end will either accept or reject the null hypothesis. (portanywhere.com)
This could be due to problems with the data such as: Hence, for efficient, appropriate, and reliable results, it is suggested to reject the null hypothesis. (portanywhere.com)
Rather, your study is designed to challenge or "reject" the null hypothesis. (portanywhere.com)
Remember that the decision to reject the null hypothesis (H 0) or fail to reject it can be based on the p-value and your chosen significance level (also called α). (portanywhere.com)

Similar to estimation, the process of hypothesis testing is based on probability theory and the Central Limit Theorem. (bu.edu)
It focuses on three recent advances in econometric theory: non-parametric estimation, instrument generating functions, and seasonal volatility models. (e-booksdirectory.com)
Basics and Theory Descriptive statistics and graphing are followed by chapters on probability theory, sampling and estimation, and null hypothesis testing. (robertvanogallery.com)

Covers data types, methods for summarizing and displaying data, measures of central tendency and variability, hypothesis testing including the analysis of variance and nonparametric techniques, correlation and regression. (bemidjistate.edu)

Each node with an arrow leading into it represents a conditional probability. (andifugard.info)
The table below shows a conditional probability probability distribution defined for one of the norm-relevancy nodes. (andifugard.info)

Urban Travel Demand' develops a theory of demand for populations of individual economic consumers which we believe is a logical and natural generalization of traditional theory to encompass choice among discrete alternatives. (e-booksdirectory.com)

Furthermore although the economic theory regarding the efficiency of markets has evolved, "the semi-efficient market hypothesis continues to enjoy widespread support among economists. (secactions.com)
If publicly available information is fully taken into account by the market, then it should not be possible to predict the movements of stock prices and the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) would be valid. (lu.se)

Multinomial logistic regression is a particular solution to classification problems that use a linear combination of the observed features and some problem-specific parameters to estimate the probability of each particular value of the dependent variable. (wikipedia.org)

The process of hypothesis testing involves setting up two competing hypotheses, the null hypothesis and the alternate hypothesis. (bu.edu)
The alternate hypothesis is accepted if a test for significance shows that the null hypothesis should be rejected (Ha or H1). (blogspot.com)

This is a phenomenon of relative likelihoods and relative probabilities. (lesswrong.com)
For example, the relative probabilities of taking a car or bus to work do not change if a bicycle is added as an additional possibility. (wikipedia.org)

This theory made actuaries one of the first practitioners to use the Bayesian philosophy. (bvs.br)
What is often meant by non-Bayesian "classical statistics" or "frequentist statistics" is "hypothesis testing": you state a belief about the world, determine how likely you are to see what you saw if that belief is true, and if what you saw was a very rare thing to see then you say that you don't believe the original belief. (bvs.br)
principles of Bayesian Credibility Theory in rating and ranking movies by a premier online movie database which is based on user's votes. (bvs.br)
Filling a gap in current Bayesian theory, Statistical Inference: An Integrated Bayesian/Likelihood Approach presents a unified Bayesian treatment of parameter inference and model comparisons that can be used with simple diffuse prior specifications. (routledge.com)
This novel approach provides new solutions to difficult model comparison problems and offers direct Bayesian counterparts of frequentist t -tests and other standard statistical methods for hypothesis testing. (routledge.com)
In the chapter on binomial and multinomial data, he gives alternatives, based on Bayesian analyses, to current frequentist nonparametric methods. (routledge.com)

1% probability), we might infer, from our data, that the null hypothesis is probably not true. (bu.edu)
The goal is to infer gender and at present the probabilities are 49-49% for man/woman and 1% for nonbinary. (andifugard.info)

The following generation established the tools of classical inferential statistics (significance testing, hypothesis testing and confidence intervals) all based on frequentist probability. (wikipedia.org)
A null hypothesis is a hypothesis that says there is no statistical significance between the two variables. (portanywhere.com)
For example, in the sample hypothesis if the considered statistical significance level is 5% and the p-value of the model is 0.12. (portanywhere.com)
Introduction - Hypothesis - Null and Alternative Hypothesis - Type I and Type II errors - Level of significance - One tail and two-tail tests - Tests concerning one mean and two means (Large and Small samples) - Tests on proportions. (cynohub.com)

In the frequentist interpretation, probabilities are discussed only when dealing with well-defined random experiments. (wikipedia.org)
This is the core conception of probability in the frequentist interpretation. (wikipedia.org)
Particularly when the frequency interpretation of probability is mistakenly assumed to be the only possible basis for frequentist inference. (wikipedia.org)
The frequentist view may have been foreshadowed by Aristotle, in Rhetoric, when he wrote: the probable is that which for the most part happens Poisson clearly distinguished between objective and subjective probabilities in 1837. (wikipedia.org)
Soon thereafter a flurry of nearly simultaneous publications by Mill, Ellis ("On the Foundations of the Theory of Probabilities" and "Remarks on the Fundamental Principles of the Theory of Probabilities"), Cournot (Exposition de la théorie des chances et des probabilités) and Fries introduced the frequentist view. (wikipedia.org)
Alternatively, Jacob Bernoulli (AKA James or Jacques) understood the concept of frequentist probability and published a critical proof (the weak law of large numbers) posthumously in 1713. (wikipedia.org)

10. The conspiracy theorist refuses to consider alternative explanations, rejecting all disconfirming evidence and blatantly seeking only confirmatory evidence to support what he or she has a priori determined to be the truth. (blogspot.com)
Ockham's razor is, roughly, the idea that simpler or more parsimonious explanations, hypotheses, or models should be preferred, other things being equal. (nd.edu)
Individuals differ not only in the degree to which they believe in specific conspiracy theories, but also in their general susceptibility to explanations based on such theories, that is, their conspiracy mentality . (frontiersin.org)
Although it may be hard to prove that our list is exhaustive, we may contextually assume it to be so, if every effort has been expended in finding the alternative explanations. (thelogician.net)

But each theory may have other implications, if we can determine them through reason, open to empirical testing, though not yet tested. (thelogician.net)
In principle, it is conceivable that the various theories all make only the same predictions, in which case they are factually indistinguishable, and we cannot choose between them on an empirical basis, though we may still refer to utilitarian criteria. (thelogician.net)

In: Psychological Methods, Vol. Credibility theory is a form of statistical inference used to forecast an uncertain future event developed by Thomas Bayes. (bvs.br)
After an overview of the competing theories of statistical inference, the book introduces the Bayes/likelihood approach used throughout. (routledge.com)

Scientific laws are similar to scientific theories in that they are principles that can be used to predict the behavior of the natural world. (archivemore.com)
Both scientific laws and scientific theories are typically well-supported by observations and/or experimental evidence. (archivemore.com)
Let's take a moment to review the problem that QIT (and other interpretations of QM) purport to solve: QM is one of the two most successful scientific theories ever (the other being GR). No experiment has ever disagreed with a prediction made by QM. (rongarret.info)
That scientific theories greatly simplify the stories we tell about the world is extremely important and embodies what we even mean by doing science. (blogspot.com)
I think it's also interesting how the underdetermination of scientific theories can apply to people's ruminations about identity given how they feel and what other evidence they have. (andifugard.info)

When a hypothesis is created with no prediction to the outcome, it is called a two-tailed hypothesis because there are two possible outcomes. (archivemore.com)
[1] That is, it is a model that is used to predict the probabilities of the different possible outcomes of a categorically distributed dependent variable , given a set of independent variables (which may be real-valued, binary-valued, categorical-valued, etc. (wikipedia.org)

Examine the theory and practices related to recording assets, liabilities, owners' equities, revenues and expenses in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. (utep.edu)
Inuntildeeidt p ych onst stra ted that at paranormal p can i as the experimenter pe have mply, some assp of mind-body duals m.1Mo eoverl parapsychology has developed several principles (s cht mpc some a effect) which can be used to explain away failures, and the use of these principles contributes to making the psi-hypothesis unfalsifiable. (cia.gov)

A causal hypothesis and a law are two different types of scientific knowledge, and a causal hypothesis cannot become a law. (archivemore.com)
When no evidence supports these connections except the allegation of the conspiracy or when the evidence fits equally well to other causal connections-or to randomness-the conspiracy theory is likely to be false. (blogspot.com)

What is true regarding the differences between a hypothesis and a theory? (archivemore.com)
The probability of the observed differences appearing as a result of random error is then calculated from statistical theory. (blogspot.com)
This has led some researchers to propose that the endorsement of specific conspiracy theories depends to a large extent on individual differences in the general tendency to adopt such beliefs, that is, a general conspiracy mentality ( Imhoff and Bruder, in press ). (frontiersin.org)

This is the first of three modules that will addresses the second area of statistical inference, which is hypothesis testing, in which a specific statement or hypothesis is generated about a population parameter, and sample statistics are used to assess the likelihood that the hypothesis is true. (bu.edu)
Goals for Today .pull-left[ * Theory-Based Inference ] .pull-right[ * Learn about a new group of test statistics based on **z-scores** * Cover theory-based confidence intervals ] --- ### Recap * Sample statistics ARE random variables! (github.io)
results are unusual/p-value will be smallish -- * Commonly used because if `$X \sim N(\mu, \sigma)$`, then $$ \mbox{Z-score} = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma} \sim N(0, 1) $$ --- class: middle, center ## Let's consider theory-based inference for a population proportion. (github.io)
A cortical theory of super-efficient probabilistic inference based on sparse distributed representations. (brandeis.edu)

Concepts are introduced by example rather than by rigorous mathematical theory. (shastacollege.edu)
Six years later, in conjunction with the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat, Pascal formulated the mathematical theory of probability, which has become important in such fields as actuarial, mathematical, and social statistics and as a fundamental element in the calculations of modern theoretical physics. (ccel.org)

You can assign a high likelihood to the evidence and still lose probability mass to some other hypothesis, if that other hypothesis assigns a likelihood that is even higher. (lesswrong.com)
7. The conspiracy theory assigns portentous, sinister meanings to what are most likely innocuous, insignificant events. (blogspot.com)

However, you can use a hypothesis test to determine whether an effect exists and estimate its size. (my-assignmentexpert.com)

The null hypothesis is that there is no change in weight, and therefore the mean weight is still 191 pounds in 2006. (bu.edu)
Do the sample data support the null or research hypothesis? (bu.edu)
In hypothesis testing, we assume that the null hypothesis holds until proven otherwise. (bu.edu)
We therefore need to determine the likelihood of observing a sample mean of 197.1 or higher when the true population mean is 191 (i.e., if the null hypothesis is true or under the null hypothesis). (bu.edu)
Do you think that the null hypothesis is likely true? (bu.edu)
This statement is the null hypothesis and its counterpart is the alternative hypothesis (Fraser, 2011). (blogspot.com)
The null hypothesis is traditionally written as H0 and the alternative hypothesis as H1 or Ha. (blogspot.com)
A statistical test measures the experimental strength of evidence against the null hypothesis. (blogspot.com)
A Null Hypothesis is a statement that the difference between two values can be explained by random error. (blogspot.com)
A null hypothesis assumes that the numerical quantities being compared are the same. (blogspot.com)
The effect is the difference between the population value and the null hypothesis value. (my-assignmentexpert.com)
It specifies how strongly the sample evidence must contradict the null hypothesis before you can reject the null for the entire population. (my-assignmentexpert.com)
This standard is defined by the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis. (my-assignmentexpert.com)
If the null hypothesis is false, then the χ 2 statistic will be large. (portanywhere.com)
Important points to note Although we can't be completely sure without doing the analysis, it would probably not be that unusual to draw a sample that has a mean of 7.0 if the average customer satisfaction rating … If the means of two populations are different, the null hypothesis of equality can be rejected if enough data is collected. (portanywhere.com)
Explain the null hypothesis in the provided case. (portanywhere.com)
The null hypothesis (H 0) is a hypothesis which the researcher tries to disprove, reject or nullify. (portanywhere.com)
If the null hypothesis is true, the observed and expected frequencies will be close in value and the χ 2 statistic will be close to zero. (portanywhere.com)
You should NOT say "the null hypothesis was accepted. (portanywhere.com)
Your study is not designed to "prove" the null hypothesis (or the alternative hypothesis, for that matter). (portanywhere.com)
However, here 'accept' does not mean the acceptance of the null hypothesis, it only means that the sample has not strongly opposed it. (portanywhere.com)
The null hypothesis is the hypothesis to be tested for possible rejection under the assumption that it is true. (portanywhere.com)
The null hypothesis cannot be positively proven. (portanywhere.com)
The first step is to state the relevant null and alternative hypotheses. (portanywhere.com)
H 0: The null hypothesis: It is a statement about the population that either is believed to be true or is used to put forth an argument unless it can be shown to be incorrect beyond a reasonable doubt. (portanywhere.com)
If the P-value is more, keep the null hypothesis. (portanywhere.com)
Like so, some typical null hypotheses are: 1. (portanywhere.com)
When the null hypothesis is rejected it means the sample has done some statistical work, but when the null hypothesis is accepted it means the sample is almost silent. (portanywhere.com)
In simple terms, a null hypothesis is just opposite of alternative hypothesis. (portanywhere.com)
A null hypothesis can only be rejected or fail to be rejected, it cannot be accepted because of lack of evidence to reject it. (portanywhere.com)
A null hypothesis is a statement that describes that there is no difference in the assumed characteristics of the population. (portanywhere.com)
The basic setup is to have two competing hypotheses, a null and an alternative, and, after a study is completed, decide which one is more likely. (bmj.com)
Although the difference in effect is large, the size of the study prevents us from finding that a difference exists and instead we would say that the results are consistent with the two interventions being the same - the null hypothesis. (bmj.com)
In an Equivalence trial, the null hypothesis is that there is a difference between the two interventions greater than a certain value (delta), while the alternative is that the difference is less than that value. (bmj.com)

How does a law differ from a theory a law is a theory that has been proven to be true and universal a theory is a group of hypotheses that prove a law is true a law is a statement of fact but a theory is an explanation a theory is a proposed law that has not yet? (archivemore.com)
A theory is a group of hypotheses that prove a law is true. (archivemore.com)
You can't prove this story wrong because of the way our current theories work. (blogspot.com)
If the claim is the alternative hypothesis, your conclusion can be whether there was sufficient evidence to support (prove) the alternative is true. (portanywhere.com)

6. The conspiracy theory ratchets up from small events that might be true to much larger, much less probable events. (blogspot.com)
Whereas chapter 1 is, in part, a story of a gradual moving away from theistic or teleological justifications of parsimony, chapter 2 chronicles an analogous abandonment of the idea that more parsimonious hypotheses are more probable than more complex ones. (nd.edu)

If the multinomial logit is used to model choices, it relies on the assumption of independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA), which is not always desirable. (wikipedia.org)
This assumption states that the odds of preferring one class over another do not depend on the presence or absence of other "irrelevant" alternatives. (wikipedia.org)
Rather, the idea is from the assumption that someone is a particular gender, it is straightforward to guess the probability that a particular gender norm would be relevant. (andifugard.info)
Certainly, Afanas'ev did not insist on full reliability of the reconstruction of the early Church history offered to him since at such lack of the facts the scientific theory may be formulated only in the form of an assumption, greatest probability. (golubinski.ru)

The hypothesis is based on available information and the investigator's belief about the population parameters. (bu.edu)

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation that can be tested by further investigation. (archivemore.com)
A hypothesis proposes a tentative explanation or prediction. (archivemore.com)
Scientists know that early reports in the peer-reviewed literature are by their very nature tentative and have a high probability of ultimately being found to be incorrect. (scienceblogs.com)

The absence of an observation that is only weakly permitted ( even if the alternative hypothesis does not allow it at all ) is very weak evidence of absence (though it is evidence nonetheless). (lesswrong.com)
A hypothesis is an educated guess, based on observation. (blogspot.com)
Usually, a hypothesis can be supported or refuted through experimentation or more observation. (blogspot.com)

In the classical interpretation, probability was defined in terms of the principle of indifference, based on the natural symmetry of a problem, so, e.g. the probabilities of dice games arise from the natural symmetric 6-sidedness of the cube. (wikipedia.org)
Feller's comment was criticism of Pierre-Simon Laplace, who published a solution to the sunrise problem using an alternative probability interpretation. (wikipedia.org)

One selects a random sample (or multiple samples when there are more comparison groups), computes summary statistics and then assesses the likelihood that the sample data support the research or alternative hypothesis. (bu.edu)
When we see evidence, hypotheses that assigned a higher likelihood to that evidence gain probability, at the expense of hypotheses that assigned a lower likelihood to the evidence. (lesswrong.com)

In order to test the hypotheses, we select a random sample of American males in 2006 and measure their weights. (bu.edu)
Using a new dataset on leader health, we present and test five hypotheses derived from a selectorate theory account of how chronic illness interacts with political institutions, especially winning coalition size, to help shape the probability and timing of regular and irregular leader depositions. (nowpublishers.com)
Answer Expert Verified Scientific laws are created when a theory has stood the test of time and cannot be proven wrong. (archivemore.com)
In Science we often need to test our hypothesis. (blogspot.com)
To test the hypothesis we create an experiment that will yield one of two answers: Yes or No or True or False. (blogspot.com)
Then, the underlying alternative distribution of test statistics is assumed to have specified effect size. (springer.com)

The relative frequency of occurrence of an event, observed in a number of repetitions of the experiment, is a measure of the probability of that event. (wikipedia.org)
A theory, on the other hand, is a substantiated explanation for an occurrence. (archivemore.com)
The classical way to make statistical comparisons is to prepare a statement about a fact for which it is possible to calculate its probability of occurrence. (blogspot.com)

Study basic mathematical and statistical techniques employed in the solution of management problems, including probability theory and tests of hypotheses. (utep.edu)

Credibility theory is a branch of actuarial science used to quantify how unique a particular outcome will be compared to an outcome deemed as typical. (bvs.br)
This usually comes up in reaction to me pointing out that there is nothing whatsoever wrong with finetuned initial conditions if you do not have a probability distribution to quantify why the conditions are supposedly unlikely. (blogspot.com)

citation needed] As William Feller noted: There is no place in our system for speculations concerning the probability that the sun will rise tomorrow. (wikipedia.org)
8. The theory tends to commingle facts and speculations without distinguishing between the two and without assigning degrees of probability or of factuality. (blogspot.com)

A law is a theory that has been proven to be true and universal. (archivemore.com)
A hypothesis can be disproven, but cannot be proven to be true (Helmenstine, 2010). (blogspot.com)

30. Thus, there is less than a 1% probability of observing a sample mean as large as 197.1 when the true population mean is 191. (bu.edu)
The difference in selecting a methodology depends on whether you need a solution that is impacted by the population probability, or one that is impacted by the individual probability. (bvs.br)
TARGET POPULATION Target Population: HANES I was conducted on a nationwide probability sample of approximately 32,000 persons, ages 1-74 years, from the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the coterminous United States, excepting those persons residing on Indian reservations. (cdc.gov)

Classical economic theory is the belief that a self-regulating economy is the most efficient and effective because as needs arise people will adjust to serving each other's requirements. (bvs.br)
He finds hints of this view in Locke's discussion of probability and degrees of assent, so he calls it the Lockean Thesis.1 The Lockean Thesis has important implications for the logic of belief. (philpapers.org)
Belief in conspiracy theories continues to thrive in the twenty-first century. (frontiersin.org)

This course is meant to give a liberal arts student a sense of statistical theory and practice. (pitzer.edu)

Most prominently, it implies that even a logically ideal agent whose degrees of confidence satisfy the axioms of probability theory may quite rationally believe each of a large body of propositions that are jointly inconsistent. (philpapers.org)
The confidence interval informs about direction, hypothesis exclusion, and the relevance of the effects of interest. (lu.se)

it defines an event's probability as the limit of its relative frequency in many trials (the long-run probability). (wikipedia.org)

This course, taught by University of Reading's Department of Mathematics and Statistics , has been designed to develop your expertise in mathematics and statistics theory. (reading.ac.uk)
This course covers probability and statistics. (cgu.edu)
The sample is not aware of our plans, and we choose our hypothesis on the basis of the sample statistics. (portanywhere.com)
As a consequence, discussions of topics such as probability theory required in a general statistics textbook will not be found here. (usgs.gov)
An As an alternative to typical, lead-heavy statistics texts or supplements to assigned course reading, this is one book psychology students won't want to be without. (robertvanogallery.com)
We can make mistakes when determining which one is more likely but statistics allow the probability of making a mistake to be quantified. (bmj.com)

Is a hypothesis a prediction? (archivemore.com)
Rather, a prediction is derived from a hypothesis. (archivemore.com)
or, additionally, some conflicting predictions may occur, so that one or more theories affirm some prediction that certain other(s) deny. (thelogician.net)

so in LGBT spaces the prior probability for nonbinary raises from 1% to 20% since there are likely to be more nonbinary people around. (andifugard.info)
But increasing the prior probability of nonbinary gender, for instance through meeting more nonbinary people in LGBTQ+ spaces, now makes nonbinary the most likely gender. (andifugard.info)

a hypothesis is only a suggested possible outcome, and is testable and falsifiable. (archivemore.com)
Every field has its own custom with the probability it accepts for a random outcome cut-off. (scientificamerican.com)

We can often **approximate** the probability function (i.e. sampling distribution) of a statistic with the probability function of a named random variable (i.e. (github.io)

pull-right[ * The CLT helps us find a good approximate distribution based on the probability function of a random variable. (github.io)
This is based on voxel-wise general linear modelling and Gaussian Random Field (GRF) theory. (bvs.br)
The alternative hypothesis is therefore a statement that the difference between two values is too great to be explained by random error. (blogspot.com)
Sigma indicates the probability that the result is random/occurred by chance. (scientificamerican.com)

A theory, on the other hand, is supported by evidence: it's a principle formed as an attempt to explain things that have already been substantiated by data. (archivemore.com)
This thesis centres around the question of how two theories - intergovernmentalism and multilevel governance - explain regional government mobilisation at an EU-level. (lu.se)

But in probability theory, absence of evidence is always evidence of absence. (lesswrong.com)

Venn provided a thorough exposition (The Logic of Chance: An Essay on the Foundations and Province of the Theory of Probability (published editions in 1866, 1876, 1888)) two decades later. (wikipedia.org)
To familiarize the students with the foundations of probability and statistical methods. (cynohub.com)

In the first, more parsimonious theories have higher likelihoods. (nd.edu)

CONTRARY BRIN: Conspiracy Theories. (blogspot.com)
Conspiracy Theories. (blogspot.com)
The key element in conspiracy theories is self-flattery. (blogspot.com)
Conspiracy theories are ubiquitous when it comes to explaining political events and societal phenomena. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, the CMQ predicted beliefs in specific conspiracy theories over and above other individual difference measures. (frontiersin.org)
In fact, this tendency even extends to beliefs in mutually contradictory conspiracy theories, and to beliefs in fully fictitious conspiracy theories. (frontiersin.org)

H), or "E given H," is how confidently we'd expect to see the evidence E if we assumed the hypothesis H were true. (lesswrong.com)
Like theories, scientific laws describe phenomena that the scientific community has found to be provably true. (archivemore.com)
Theories rely on tested and verified data, and scientists widely accepted theories to be true, though not unimpeachable. (archivemore.com)
If it suggests world domination, the theory is even less likely to be true. (blogspot.com)
Parsimony arguments need not assume that the world is simple or even that simpler hypotheses are more likely to be true than more complex alternatives. (nd.edu)

Distributions6

Reject the null hypothesis7

Estimation3

Correlation1

Conditional2

Discrete1

Efficient Market Hyp2

Regression1

Alternate hypothesis2

Relative probabilities2

Bayesian6

Infer2

Significance4

Frequentist6

Explanations4

Empirical2

Bayes2

Scientific theories5

Possible outcomes2

Principles2

Causal2

Differences3

Inference4

Mathematical theory2

Assigns2

Estimate1

Null34

Prove4

Probable2

Assumption4

Parameters1

Tentative3

Observation3

Interpretation2

Likelihood2

Test6

Occurrence3

Tests1

Quantify2

Speculations2

Proven to be t2

Population3

Belief3

Statistical theory1

Confidence2

Defines1

Statistics6

Prediction3

Spaces2

Outcome2

Sampling1

Random4

Explain2

Absence1

Foundations2

Likelihoods1

Conspiracy theories6

True5