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Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland, AnteriorPituitary NeoplasmsHypothalamusPituitary DiseasesPituitary HormonesPituitary Gland, PosteriorProlactinPituitary Hormones, AnteriorPituitary ApoplexyAdenomaPituitary Gland, IntermediateAdrenocorticotropic HormoneHypopituitarismGrowth HormoneLuteinizing HormoneGonadotropin-Releasing HormonePituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating PolypeptideGonadotropins, PituitaryPro-OpiomelanocortinHypothalamus, AnteriorProlactinomaSalivary GlandsHypothalamus, MiddlePituitary Function TestsThyrotropin-Releasing HormoneFollicle Stimulating HormoneMammary Glands, AnimalHypophysectomyACTH-Secreting Pituitary AdenomaSomatotrophsPituitary ACTH HypersecretionSella TurcicaHypothalamo-Hypophyseal SystemGonadotrophsGrowth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary AdenomaExocrine GlandsReceptors, LHRHPituitary Hormone-Releasing HormonesSubmandibular GlandAdrenal GlandsDwarfism, PituitaryThyrotropinAdenoma, ChromophobeFollicle Stimulating Hormone, beta SubunitGrowth Hormone-Releasing HormoneLactotrophsRNA, MessengerNeuropeptidesCorticotropin-Releasing HormoneParaventricular Hypothalamic NucleusRadioimmunoassayLuteinizing Hormone, beta Subunitbeta-LipotropinMedian EminenceEstradiolEndorphinsHypothalamus, PosteriorReceptors, Pituitary Hormonebeta-EndorphinTranscription Factor Pit-1Human Growth HormoneReceptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating HormoneBromocriptineCastrationGlycoprotein Hormones, alpha SubunitImmunohistochemistryParotid GlandPreoptic AreaMelanocyte-Stimulating HormonesRats, Inbred StrainsOvariectomySheepVentromedial Hypothalamic NucleusSphenoid SinusDiencephalonHypothalamic HormonesHyperprolactinemiaReceptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating PolypeptideThyrotropin, beta SubunitCorticotrophsRats, Sprague-DawleyNeurosecretory SystemsGonadotropinsPituitary IrradiationPituitary-Adrenal SystemDiabetes InsipidusSweat GlandsReceptors, NeuropeptideReceptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type IHypothalamic Area, LateralHydrocortisoneOxytocinArcuate NucleusCentral Nervous System CystsSebaceous GlandsCorticosteronePituitary Hormones, PosteriorIn Situ HybridizationBrain
CortisolRegulatesSecretion of pituitary hormonesStalkGnRHACTHSynthesis and secretionThird ventricleStimulatePineal GlandAdenohypophysisOxytocinThyrotropin-releasiLobeHormones produced in the hypothalamusLobesEndocrine GlandsAxisOvariesNeurohypophysisSecreteSella turcicaHypopituitarismConnect the hypothalamusParathyroidAdrenal cortexTestesTumorsSagittalSomatostatinThyroid-stimulaTumorHormone productionMammary glandsOvaryBloodstreamAxonsEndocrinologyMake other hormonesSphenoid sinusProduce hormonesPars intermediaReleaseMaster glandSomatotropinSignalsParaventricular nucleiTestosteroneBrainSweat glandsPhysiologyGrowth
Cortisol6
  • The adrenal glands are chiefly responsible for regulating the stress response through the synthesis of corticosteroids and catecholamines (chiefly norepinephrine and epinephrine), including cortisol released in the adrenal cortex. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone: causes the adrenal glands to make cortisol. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • There is negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland by cortisol. (endotext.org)
  • Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) tells the adrenal glands to make cortisol and other steroid hormones. (cancer.ca)
  • Causes youe adrenal glands to release the stress hormone cortisol and regulate metabolism and immune response. (tomsk.ru)
  • When hyponatremia occurs during hospitalization for a Mamushi bite, cortisol measurement, hormone loading test, and head MRI should be performed to search for pituitary lesions because of the possibility of adrenal insufficiency caused by snake venom. (bvsalud.org)
Regulates5
Secretion of pituitary hormones2
Stalk11
  • One set sends the hormones they produce down through the pituitary stalk to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland where these hormones are released directly into the bloodstream. (profound-answers.com)
  • The gland is connected to the hypothalamus in the brain by the pituitary stalk. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • Craniopharyngiomas typically grow from the pituitary stalk upward into the third ventricle and cause symptoms similar to pituitary adenomas. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • The stalk was seen at the midline extending a long distance from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. (ajronline.org)
  • Because the pituitary gland did not have features suggestive of adenoma on MR imaging, we assumed that the hyperprolactinemia was caused by the traction of the pituitary stalk. (ajronline.org)
  • On the basis of these facts, it is understandable that the hypophyseal stalk or posterior pituitary can be a host to all the neoplastic processes that originate from the glial cell series. (ajnr.org)
  • On MR imaging, a posterior pituitary mass, isointense on T1-weighted images (T1WI) and hyperintense on T2-weighted images (T2WI), was identified, without significant involvement of the stalk. (ajnr.org)
  • The imaging study performed before this admission demonstrated a bulky pituitary mass, as well as a bulky stalk with suprasellar extension and attenuated nonhomogenous enhancement. (ajnr.org)
  • They are modified glial cells of empendymal cell lineage located in the neurohypophysis and pituitary stalk. (ajnr.org)
  • It communicates with your posterior lobe by tissue called the pituitary stalk. (tomsk.ru)
  • These hypothalamic cell bodies produce hormones that undergo axonal transport through the pituitary stalk and into terminal axons within the neurohypophysis. (medscape.com)
GnRH6
ACTH1
Synthesis and secretion2
  • Thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. (nih.gov)
  • TSH, in turn, is the physiologic stimulus for the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones, L-thyroxine (T4) and L-triiodothyronine (T3), by the thyroid gland. (nih.gov)
Third ventricle1
Stimulate3
Pineal Gland7
  • I'm pretty sure that Rowling-Galbraith, in making her astrology and tarot consumed detective suffer from an "overactive thyroid," is playing with the occult community's 'received opinion' (via Manly Hall and others) that the pineal gland is the Eye of God and the locus of human contact with the psychic realm. (hogwartsprofessor.com)
  • The pituitary gland, however, is linked, along with the pineal gland rather than its homeostasis partner the hypothalmus, with second sight or spiritual vision. (hogwartsprofessor.com)
  • see the Discovery magazine article, ' The Myths of the Pineal Gland . (hogwartsprofessor.com)
  • When activated, the pineal gland becomes the line of communication, with the higher planes. (hogwartsprofessor.com)
  • The crown chakra, reaches down, until its vortex touches the pineal gland. (hogwartsprofessor.com)
  • The anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary were also highly labeled, as well as the pineal gland. (nih.gov)
  • The hypothalamic and hypophyseal distribution of the receptor suggests an involvement of apelin in the control of neuro- and adenohypophyseal hormone release, whereas its presence in the pineal gland and in discrete higher brain structures points out to possible roles in the regulation of circadian rhythms and of water and food intake behavior. (nih.gov)
Adenohypophysis8
  • The pituitary gland is divided into two parts: the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis). (medscape.com)
  • A lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). (umassmed.edu)
  • Hormones secreted by adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary). (medscape.com)
  • The pituitary gland is entirely ectodermal in origin but is composed of 2 functionally distinct structures that differ in embryologic development and anatomy: the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) and the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary). (medscape.com)
  • The transition from Rathke's pouch to the adenohypophysis involves the formation of the pars distalis from the rapidly proliferating anterior wall, the pars intermedia from the less active posterior wall, and the pars tuberalis from an upward outgrowth of the anterior wall. (medscape.com)
  • The adenohypophysis constitutes roughly 80% of the pituitary and manufactures an array of peptide hormones. (medscape.com)
  • The release of these pituitary hormones is mediated by hypothalamic neurohormones that are secreted from the median eminence (a site where axon terminals emanate from the hypothalamus) and that reach the adenohypophysis via a portal venous system. (medscape.com)
  • The pituitary gland has 2 parts: the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis). (medscape.com)
Oxytocin3
Thyrotropin-releasi3
Lobe11
Hormones produced in the hypothalamus1
Lobes4
Endocrine Glands5
Axis8
  • The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is activated by hypothalamic release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which stimulates the secretion of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACH) from the anterior pituitary gland. (frontiersin.org)
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is a key neuroen-docrine regulation system involved in the growth and reproduction of poultry. (scielo.br)
  • In this study, we evaluated the effect of heat stress (HS) on the development of cells secreting major reproductive hormones of the HPG axis (i.e., hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary, and testis) of Wenchang chicks. (scielo.br)
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is an important component of the endocrine system, regulating reproductive functions of the body. (scielo.br)
  • Chimento A, Sirianni R, Casaburi I, Pezzi V. Role of Estrogen Receptors and G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor in Regulation of Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Testis Axis and Spermatogenesis. (scielo.br)
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. (endotext.org)
  • First some background: Most of the major hormones found in the body are regulated by and released from what is known as the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, involving two distinct but connected areas of the brain, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. (medicalmarijuana411.com)
  • Endocrine Adrenal Hormone Synthesis Inhibitors Figure 1.6 MetyraPONE stimulation test: evaluation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. (osmosis.org)
Ovaries2
  • The heterocrine glands are glands that have two functions (hormone secretion and certain additional functions) (e.g., pancreas, testes, ovaries, etc). (vedantu.com)
  • 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) is a steroid hormone that is primarily produced in the adrenal glands, as well as in ovaries, testes, and placenta. (cdc.gov)
Neurohypophysis4
  • We report two cases of posterior pituitary astrocytomas in middle-aged women presenting as focal lesions of the neurohypophysis. (ajnr.org)
  • The neurohypophysis, or posterior pituitary, is an inferior extension of the hypothalamus, which descends to lie in close proximity to the anterior pituitary. (ajnr.org)
  • The posterior pituitary, being part of the neurohypophysis, harbors specialized glial cells named "pituicytes. (ajnr.org)
  • Hormones secreted by neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary). (medscape.com)
Secrete6
Sella turcica3
Hypopituitarism5
Connect the hypothalamus2
  • In contrast, it communicates with the posterior pituitary via action potentials traveling down axons that connect the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary. (profound-answers.com)
  • The hypophyseal portal system consists of a network of blood vessels that connect the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland, enabling the hormones to reach their target organ more efficiently. (proprofs.com)
Parathyroid1
Adrenal cortex3
  • The adrenal gland, located atop the kidneys , is separated into two distinct structures, the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The adrenal medulla is at the center of the adrenal gland and is surrounded by the adrenal cortex, with the adrenal medulla taking up about one-quarter of the adrenal gland and the adrenal cortex the remaining three-quarters. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • which is regulated by negative feedback loops to both the anterior pituitary and adrenal cortex. (frontiersin.org)
Testes1
Tumors5
  • Tumors that grow from the pituitary gland can affect the whole body by interfering with normal hormone levels. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • There are various kinds of pituitary tumors: adenomas, craniopharyngiomas, and Rathke's cleft cysts. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • When pituitary tumors grow they can compress the above-mentioned structures and cause symptoms. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • Based on size, pituitary tumors may be classified as microadenomas (less than 10mm) or macroadenomas (larger than 10mm). (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • What Are Pituitary Tumors? (cancer.ca)
Sagittal4
Somatostatin1
  • Somatostatin is also produced by the hypothalamus, and has an opposite effect on the pituitary production of TSH, decreasing or inhibiting its release. (wikipedia.org)
Thyroid-stimula3
Tumor5
  • What is a pituitary tumor? (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • A tumor that grows from the pituitary gland is called an adenoma. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • The most common pituitary tumor, a prolactinoma, causes an overproduction of the hormone that helps control sexual function. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • Summary: Astrocytoma, or pituicytoma, of the posterior pituitary is a relatively rare entity consisting of poorly characterized glial tumor cells. (ajnr.org)
  • A review of the literature reveals only a few reports of this tumor, and there has been scanty discussion of the imaging findings of posterior pituitary astrocytomas compared with lesions of the anterior pituitary gland. (ajnr.org)
Hormone production1
  • When pituitary hormone production is impaired, target gland hormone production is reduced because of a lack of trophic stimulus. (medscape.com)
Mammary glands1
  • Progesterone stimulates further development of the uterine epithelium and mammary glands. (vedantu.com)
Ovary1
  • Measurements of DHEAS provides information about the adrenal gland function and can help with the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and polycystic ovary syndrome. (cdc.gov)
Bloodstream2
Axons1
  • Instead, it is a site where axons project from neuronal cell bodies in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. (medscape.com)
Endocrinology1
  • This paper reviews the main landmarks in the history of thyroid disease, supplemented by a brief discussion of the historically relevant scientific aspects of the thyroid gland, and the evolution of endocrinology as a formal discipline. (who.int)
Make other hormones1
Sphenoid sinus4
Produce hormones1
Pars intermedia2
  • Between the anterior and posterior part of the pituitary gland there is a segment called the pars intermedia. (medscape.com)
  • The anterior pituitary, as well as the pars intermedia and pars tuberalis, originates from the primitive stomodeum, which ascends cranially to the sell turcica. (ajnr.org)
Release7
Master gland1
  • Often referred to as the "master gland", the pituitary gland synthesizes and releases various hormones that affect several organs throughout the body (see the images below). (medscape.com)
Somatotropin1
Signals4
  • Almost all secretion by the anterior pituitary is controlled by neurohumoral signals from the hypothalamus. (profound-answers.com)
  • 2012). Hypothalamus plays a vital role in processing the distress signals (Seaward 2015). (ukessays.com)
  • Your hypothalamus receives chemical messages from nerve cells in your brain and from nerve cells in your body (your peripheral nervous system), which is also responding to signals outside your body. (tomsk.ru)
  • Sends signals (hormones) to your pituitary gland, which either releases hormones that directly affect a part of your body or sends another signal (hormone) to a different gland in your body that then releases its hormone. (tomsk.ru)
Paraventricular nuclei1
  • In situ hybridization analysis of apelin receptor mRNA expression in the adult rat brain showed intense labeling in the hypothalamus, especially in the supraoptic and the paraventricular nuclei. (nih.gov)
Testosterone1
Brain9
Sweat glands1
  • Poultry are highly susceptible to heat stress (HS), because they are covered with feathers and lack sweat glands. (scielo.br)
Physiology1
  • While they were studying the effects historical developments in our knowledge of "pancreatic juices" on the duodenal mu- of anatomy and physiology of the thyroid cosa, they isolated a substance, giving it gland. (who.int)
Growth2