Hyperinsulinemia blood glucose uptake adipose tissue fatty acids. Medical search. Frequent questions

Diabetes causes suppressed glucose oxidation leading to inefficient energy production, enhanced fatty acid metabolism, and increased susceptibility to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. (biomedcentral.com)
Accumulated evidence from genetic animal models suggests that the brain, particularly the hypothalamus, has a key role in the homeostatic regulation of energy and glucose metabolism. (nature.com)
The brain modulates various aspects of metabolism, such as food intake, energy expenditure, insulin secretion, hepatic glucose production and glucose/fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. (nature.com)
Here we comprehensively review the above topics, discussing the main findings related to the role of the brain in the homeostatic regulation of energy and glucose metabolism. (nature.com)
Activation of PPAR-γ causes insulin sensitization and enhances glucose metabolism, whereas activation of PPAR-β/δ enhances fatty acids metabolism. (bodypower.sk)
When activated, PPAR-γ up-regulates the transcription of genes mainly involved in fatty acid metabolism and triglyceride storage, promoting adipogenesis and lipids uptake to the adipose tissue [ 17 , 18 ] improving whole body insulin sensitivity. (biomedcentral.com)
However, beta-cell dysfunction and IR induce impaired glucose metabolism, thus leading to the progression to T2D. (e-apem.org)
Insulin resistance (IR) has been identified as a cardinal trigger of impaired glucose metabolism, T2D, and cardiovascular diseases [ 3 , 4 ]. (e-apem.org)
Answered Jan 30, 2019 Author has 300 answers and 174.4k answer views Growth hormone (GH) counteracts, in general, the effects of insulin on glucose and lipid metabolism but shares protein anabolic properties with insulin. (diabetestalk.net)
Growth hormone (GH) counteracts, in general, the effects of insulin on glucose and lipid metabolism but shares protein anabolic properties with insulin. (diabetestalk.net)
Effects of Growth Hormone on Glucose Metabolism Mller N. Jrgensen J.O.L. Abildgrd N. rskov L. Schmitz O. Christiansen J.S. I have read the Karger Terms and Conditions and agree. (diabetestalk.net)
However, the mechanism underlying the effect of Ad36 induced adipocyte differentiation and changes in glucose and lipid metabolism is unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
We speculate that Ad36 may induce adipocyte differentiation and changes of glucose and lipid metabolism by regulating PI3K/Akt/FoxO1/PPARγ signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
The regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by Ad36 was further explored in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3K, was used to further investigate the role of transcription factors FoxO1 and PPARγ and their downstream target genes in promoting adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation, and in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
IR alters glucose metabolism, resulting in an elevation in insulin production by beta-cells. (researchsquare.com)
Insulin resistance (IR) is clinically characterized as the inability of insulin to enhance glucose uptake and metabolism. (researchsquare.com)
Therefore, if we take into consideration the repercussions of IR on the different organs, it is interesting to differentiate between the outcomes secondary to over activation of signaling pathways that remain sensitive to insulin versus changes that are a consequence of an impaired ability of insulin to regulate glucose metabolism. (researchsquare.com)
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) are clinical conditions involving the impaired uptake and utilization of glucose, altered lipid metabolism, and the disruption of the metabolic signaling pathways that regulate insulin secretion from pancreas ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
The effect of SIRT1 on integration of metabolism and inflammation may provide a therapeutic target for treatment of kidney disease and fatty liver disease. (biomedcentral.com)
SIRT1 regulates metabolism and inflammation in various tissues [ 4 ] which can be the key regulator of exercise-mediated protection against diabetes at tissue level. (biomedcentral.com)
OBJECTIVE -To elucidate the effects of pioglitazone treatment on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Although a focus is often placed on insulin as a regulator of blood glucose, insulin plays a key role in the regulation of lipid and protein metabolism, in addition to cellular growth and development. (basicmedicalkey.com)
A deeper understanding of the effects of these medications on glucose metabolism and their underlying mechanisms of action is crucial for the treatment of diabetic patients with sleep disorders. (vdocuments.mx)
In this review we focus on the bene ﬁ cial impact of sleep on glucose metabolism and suggest a possible strategy for therapeutic intervention against sleep-related metabolic disorders. (vdocuments.mx)
However, it is important to note that some studies have indicated that REM sleep plays an important role in glucose metabolism. (vdocuments.mx)
Treatment with melatonin improves glu- cose metabolism by increasing insulin sensitivity in target tissues in T2D ani- mals. (vdocuments.mx)
MOTS-c has been shown to target the skeletal muscle and enhance glucose metabolism. (jaycampbell.com)
They showed that the peptide helped boost glucose metabolism even when the mice were fed a high fat diet. (jaycampbell.com)
Its pathophysiology is likely to involve insulin resistance at the level of both skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue and altered fluxes of metabolic substrates between these tissues that in turn impair liver metabolism. (erudit.org)
Insulin is the hormone that regulates cellular nourishment by aiding in the absorption and metabolism of nutrients from the blood. (vitalitymagazine.com)

It is an insulin sensitizer with a major effect in the stimulation of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. (medscape.com)
In the present study, a high-fructose diet fed rat model of hypertriglyceridemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis was employed to investigate the global transcriptional changes in the lipid metabolizing pathways in three insulin sensitive tissues: liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in response to chronic dietary administration of NDGA. (biomedcentral.com)

The brain integrates metabolic signals from peripheral tissues such as the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, gut and muscle. (nature.com)
It reduces hepatic glucose output, may decrease intestinal absorption of glucose, and may increase glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. (medscape.com)
Metformin reduces hepatic glucose output, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, and increases glucose uptake in the peripheral tissues (muscle and adipocytes). (medscape.com)
In addition to skeletal muscle [ 14 ], the protective effects of long-term exercise training in the regulation of inflammation and metabolic dysfunction via SIRT1 signaling pathway have been less investigated in peripheral tissues such as kidney and liver. (biomedcentral.com)
Cortisol promotes conservation of glucose to maintain the activity of glyconeogenic enzymes in the liver, and inhibits glucose utilization in the peripheral tissues. (medium.com)

Accordingly, mechanism of enhancing myocardial energetic efficiency by stimulating glucose availability and utilization has led to the vigorous pursuit of therapeutic approaches designed to augment glucose uptake and oxidation. (biomedcentral.com)
During periods of energy stress such as exercise, AMPK is activated, stimulating energy-generating processes such as glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation for ATP production. (bodypower.sk)
Gynostemma pentaphyllum leaf extract will activate AMPK to stimulate fat oxidation and glucose uptake, and can potentially reduce blood glucose levels. (bodypower.sk)
Among the peripheral signals that are generated to regulate the uptake of food, signals from adipose tissue are of major relevance and involve the maintenance of energy homeostasis through processes such as lipogenesis, lipolysis, and oxidation of fatty acids. (wjgnet.com)
Leptin and adiponectin can augment the oxidation of fatty acid in liver by activating the nuclear receptor super-family of transcription factors, namely peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α. (wjgnet.com)
There is however evidence that GH acutely decreases glucose oxidation (secondary to an increase in lipid oxidation) and suppresses muscle uptake of glucose, suggesting that GH redistributes glucose fluxes into a non-oxidative pathway, which could be a build up of glycogen depots through gluconeogenesis. (diabetestalk.net)
When the Fatty acid (FA) oxidation capacity in the muscle decreases, the intramyocellular lipid concentration increases ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Under chronic hyperinsulinemia, FA oxidation progressively decreases with a consequent alteration in glucose transport, and/or phosphorylation pathways associated with normal glucose uptake ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Epididymal (visceral) and subcutaneous adipose tissue, gastrocnemius muscle, and plasma samples were collected to measure oxidative stress markers (advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)), antioxidant system markers (ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities), and prooxidant enzymes (NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities, myeloperoxidase content). (hindawi.com)
DNA microarray expression profiling indicated that dietary administration of NDGA upregulated the expression of certain genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and their transcription regulator, PPARα, decreased the expression of a number of lipogenic genes and relevant transcription factors, and differentially impacted the genes of fatty acid transporters, acetyl CoA synthetases, elongases, fatty acid desaturases and lipid clearance proteins in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings suggest that NDGA ameliorates hypertriglyceridemia and steatosis primarily by inhibiting lipogenesis and enhancing fatty acid catabolism in three major insulin responsive tissues by altering the expression of key enzyme genes and transcription factors involved in de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. (biomedcentral.com)

The primary role of insulin is to manage circulating concentrations of nutrients (principally glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids, the body's three main fuels), keeping them within an optimal range, and coordinating the shift between metabolic fuels that is required when a person consumes more of one or the other. (blogspot.com)
Human insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the beta-cells (β-cell) of the pancreas, and its release is dependent on glucose levels in the circulation, in addition amino acids, incretins and cholecystokinin also promote its release. (researchsquare.com)
1 The main function of insulin is to maintain glucose homeostasis, enabling glucose absorption and inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis, besides acting as an anabolic hormone that favors not only the absorption of amino acids and fatty acids, but also promotes cell growth and energy storage. (researchsquare.com)
Nateglinide is an amino acid derivative that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas (within 20 minutes of oral administration), which, in turn, reduces blood glucose levels. (medscape.com)
Curiously, insulin-mediated stimulation of amino acid deposition may be normal in subjects with DM, but it is impaired in subjects with other forms of IR, such as that of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- associated MS ( 17 ). (basicmedicalkey.com)
It is now apparent that both increased insulin and increased availability of amino acids are important for maximizing muscle protein anabolism. (bmj.com)
If hyperinsulinaemia is not supported by an exogenous amino acid supply, plasma as well as muscle free amino acid concentrations fall because of reduced splanchnic release. (bmj.com)
2 On the other hand, if amino acid concentrations are maintained at normal or higher concentrations, net protein deposition in muscle will occur because of stimulation of synthesis and possibly because of a simultaneous decrease in breakdown. (bmj.com)
The importance of amino acid availability for the stimulatory effects of insulin to be evident was highlighted by Bennet et al , 3 who reported that insulin, given with sufficient amino acids, can stimulate leg and whole body protein balance by mechanisms including stimulation of protein synthesis and inhibition of protein breakdown. (bmj.com)
In sharp contrast, amino acid ingestion alone significantly increases muscle protein anabolism after resistance exercise. (bmj.com)
5 However, consumption of both amino acids and CHO results in much greater effects on muscle protein anabolism, 6 suggesting an interactive effect between insulin, amino acid availability, and resistance exercise. (bmj.com)
Also, it is well established that the stimulatory effect of amino acids on muscle protein synthesis is greater after exercise than at rest. (bmj.com)
MOTS-C (mitochondrial open-reading-frame of the twelve S rRNA-C) is a 16-amino-acid peptide that is naturally produced in your body by the mitochondria in your cells. (jaycampbell.com)

Insulin resistance is defined as an inadequate response by insulin target tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue, to the physiologic effects of circulating insulin. (jci.org)

Aside from blood glucose, this fraction reduced blood triglyceride and free fatty acids. (hindawi.com)
Several reports support the notion that an increase in plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) is key in the development of insulin resistance and T2D ( 2 - 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), the main metabolite of Creosote Bush, has been shown to have profound effects on the core components of metabolic syndrome, including lowering of blood glucose, free fatty acids and triglyceride levels, attenuating elevated blood pressure in several rodent models of dyslipidemia, and improving body weight, insulin resistance, diabetes and hypertension. (biomedcentral.com)

According to literally thousands of publications spanning nearly two centuries, the brain is the only organ that is known to regulate body fat mass in humans and other animals-- neither fat tissue itself, nor the insulin-secreting pancreas have the ability to regulate body fat mass as far as we currently know. (blogspot.com)
Because the pancreas is able to appropriately augment its secretion of insulin to offset the insulin resistance, glucose tolerance remains normal. (justia.com)
It has been found that an increase in diacylglycerol species in insulin resistant obese and T2D subjects stimulates the secretion of insulin by the pancreas to maintain a normal glucose level ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
In response, beta cells in the pancreas step up the secretion of insulin to deal with the blood sugar spike, facilitating glucose transport through cell membranes and lowering blood sugar. (vitalitymagazine.com)
But when blood sugar levels are chronically elevated, the pancreas becomes stressed and progressively more dysfunctional, unable to produce enough insulin to deal with the spikes. (vitalitymagazine.com)

Chronic stress is associated with increased risk of glucose intolerance and cardiovascular diseases, albeit through undefined mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Reduction of PPAR-γ expression and generation of a pro-inflammatory environment by increased lipocalin-2 expression in white adipose tissue may contribute to stress-induced glucose intolerance. (biomedcentral.com)
This study aims to unveil biological markers that establish the molecular basis of stress-induced glucose intolerance, with a special emphasis on the visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT). (biomedcentral.com)
It follows, therefore, that defects at the level of the β-cell, muscle and liver can lead to the development of glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus. (justia.com)
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication during pregnancy and is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. (e-dmj.org)

It decreases hepatic glucose output and increases insulin-dependent glucose use in skeletal muscle and, possibly, in liver and adipose tissue. (medscape.com)

Glucoregulation during low- and moderate-intensity exercise is primarily mediated by an increase in the portal venous glucagon-to-insulin ratio ( 1 ), which stimulates hepatic glucose output, maintaining euglycemia largely through a feedback mechanism ( 2 - 4 ) that matches the increment to the increased requirements. (diabetesjournals.org)

The action of antidiabetic plants of the Canadian James Bay Cree traditional pharmacopeia on key enzymes of hepatic glucose homeostasis ") report the antidiabetic action of seven Canadian plants as evidenced by glucose-6-phosphatase and glycogen synthase, two key enzymes, respectively, involved in gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis in hepatocytes. (hindawi.com)
Highly coordinated interactions between the brain and peripheral metabolic organs are critical for the maintenance of energy and glucose homeostasis. (nature.com)
Insulin resistance (IR), i.e., whole-body decreased glucose uptake in response to physiological insulin levels, determines impaired glucose homeostasis and it is recognized as cardinal trigger of T2D and cardiovascular disease in both adults and children. (e-apem.org)
IR is calculated with the use of homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) using the formula: fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) × fasting serum insulin (mU/mL)/22.5. (researchsquare.com)
Thus, an adequate quantity of sleep is important for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. (vdocuments.mx)
How Should We Think About the Role of the Brain in Glucose Homeostasis and Diabetes? (silverchair.com)
In this Perspective, we update and expand on a previously described brain-centric model of glucose homeostasis ( 1 ), highlighting recent evidence of the brain's capacity to influence the biologically defended level of circulating glucose in part through rapid and highly coordinated adjustments of both insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. (silverchair.com)
Traditionally, the interaction between pancreatic islets and insulin-sensitive tissues has been deemed sufficient to explain most aspects of glucose homeostasis. (silverchair.com)
Together, these observations raise the possibility that although the brain can affect glucose homeostasis, day-to-day control of blood glucose levels does not require its active participation. (silverchair.com)
Clearly, new approaches that can tease apart the contributions of brain and islet (and interactions between them) to overall control of glucose homeostasis are needed. (silverchair.com)

There are multiple ways to measure insulin resistance such as fasting insulin levels or glucose tolerance tests, but these are not often used in clinical practice. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, following CUS, fasting insulin levels were increased and were accompanied by signs of impaired glucose tolerance and elevated serum corticosteroid levels. (biomedcentral.com)
The initial stage of diabetes is characterised by impaired glucose tolerance and postprandial hyperglycemia. (justia.com)
With time, however, the beta-cell fails to maintain its high rate of insulin secretion and the insulin resistance leads to the development of impaired glucose tolerance and eventually overt diabetes mellitus. (justia.com)
In a first series of experiments rats were injected once daily for a period of 10 days with HCS (100 g), GH (10 or 100 g) or prolactin (10 or 100 g), each thyroxine (T4, 0.5 g), and then challenged in a glucose tolerance test with glucose plus 0.03 units protamine zinc insulin (PZI) following a 6-h fast. (diabetestalk.net)
This new ability to measure both plasma glucose and insulin concentration allowed the development of oral glucose tolerance testing ( 7 ) and the glucose clamp techniques ( 8 ). (basicmedicalkey.com)
These and subsequent studies showed that more insulin-resistant subjects had greater plasma insulin concentration, VLDL-TG, and plasma glucose during the oral glucose tolerance test than did insulin-sensitive subjects, findings supporting the relationship between IR and MS ( 26 ). (basicmedicalkey.com)
It is characterized by a cluster of risk factors of atherosclerosis including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coagulation abnormalities. (erudit.org)

Ginger root extract is standardized for gingerols, which activate PPAR-δ to improve weight loss by increasing energy expenditure and "browning" white fat, in turn reducing body weight, glucose levels, leptin, insulin, and lipids. (bodypower.sk)

Compared with the control, MICT increased GPx and catalase activities and the FRAP level in epididymal adipose tissue. (hindawi.com)
However, HIIT was more efficient than MICT in the skeletal muscle, whereas MICT was more efficient in epididymal adipose tissue. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, I3C exerts anti-obesity effects by reducing body weight and fat accumulation in epididymal adipose tissue in HFD-induced obese mice and thereby improves hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia [126]. (researchgate.net)

In response to hyperglycemia after a meal, pancreatic insulin secretion is stimulated and the combination of hyperinsulinemia plus hyperglycemia promotes glucose uptake (by splanchnic and peripheral, primarily muscle, tissues) and suppresses hepatic glucose production. (justia.com)
In general, IR causes increased insulin secretion and reduced hepatic insulin clearance, resulting in systemic hyperinsulinemia. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Enhanced sympathetic tone, desyn- chronization of tissue circadian clocks, abnormal secretion of hormones, and obesity are relevant to insulin resistance during sleep disturbances. (vdocuments.mx)

This study aimed to determine whether I3C or DIM could increase glucose uptake via enhanced insulin sensitivity in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, as well as the mechanism involved. (researchgate.net)

Cortisol counteracts insulin and can lead to increased hepatic gluconeogenesis, reduced peripheral utilization of glucose, and increased insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
Cortisol promotes hepatic protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis, and stimulates release of fatty acids from adipose tissue by maintaining the synthesis of hormone sensitive lipase. (medium.com)

lower blood glucose, higher glucose utilization in tissues, higher glycogen synthesis, lower gluconeo-genesis, lower release of fatty acids from adipose tissues, and higher protein sysnthesis. (medium.com)
If carbohydrate or fat consumption exceeds your needs then the glucose-like molecules are stored as glycogen reserves for potentially needed energy release in the muscles and liver. (herbalreality.com)

Development of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), i.e. the cross-linking of proteins and glucose caused by chronically elevated levels of glucose and insulin in the blood causing hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. (vitalitymagazine.com)

Ad36 may promote fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis, and improve insulin sensitivity by affecting the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1/PPARγ signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)

It also is a PPAR-γ modulator and helps to improve insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. (bodypower.sk)

Visceral adipose tissue mass secretes a number of proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines and growth factors leading to low grade inflammatory process and insulin resistance. (benthamscience.com)

Metabolic syndrome (syndrome X, insulin resistance) is a multifactorial disease with multiple risk factors that arises from insulin resistance accompanying abnormal adipose deposition and function. (medscape.com)
Intrahepatic fat deposition has been demonstrated in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). (wjgnet.com)
Ad36-induced obese rats did not exhibit disorders in blood glucose and blood TG, insulin resistance and lipid ectopic deposition. (biomedcentral.com)
Study reports suggested that high blood level of phosphate causes vascular ossification through the deposition of Ca 2+ and substantially alters fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) and calcitriol. (diabeets.com)
Most processed food contains highly refined carbohydrates that alter insulin physiology and promote adipose tissue deposition [17,18] . (diabeets.com)

CONCLUSIONS -These results suggest that pioglitazone therapy in type 2 diabetic patients decreases fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels by improving hepatic and peripheral (muscle) tissue sensitivity to insulin. (diabetesjournals.org)

Plasma glucose concentrations are normally maintained within a fairly narrow range despite wide fluctuations in the body's supply (e.g. meals) and demand (e.g. exercise) for nutrients. (justia.com)
Activation of PPAR-gamma receptors regulate insulin-responsive gene transcription involved in glucose production, transport, and use, thereby reducing blood glucose concentrations and reducing hyperinsulinemia. (medscape.com)
0.01) decreased significantly without change in fasting or glucose-stimulated insulin/C-peptide concentrations. (diabetesjournals.org)

Zhu's study found that diet and exercise therapy for obese postmenopausal women can significantly improve blood lipid levels, improve insulin resistance, reduce plasma insulin levels and effectively prevent type 2 diabetes ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two training modalities (moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT)) on the pro/antioxidant status of different tissues in obese Zucker rats. (hindawi.com)
were the first to demonstrate in obese mice and in humans with obesity that fat accumulation is positively associated with systemic oxidative stress, suggesting that the oxidative stress increase in people with obesity could be explained by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction in adipose tissue [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Objective Indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring compound found in cruciferous vegetables, and its metabolite 3,3′‐diindolylmethane (DIM) reduce body mass and serum glucose levels in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice. (researchgate.net)
Previous studies have found that DIM can improve type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose uptake through the activation of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 cells, and by lowering the plasma glucose levels in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice [13, 14]. (researchgate.net)

The hallmarks of impaired insulin sensitivity in these three tissues are decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into skeletal muscle, impaired insulin-mediated inhibition of hepatic glucose production in liver, and a reduced ability of insulin to inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue. (jci.org)
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is responsible for thermogenesis, caused by the stimulation of intracellular lipolysis Is is normally activated by the sympathetic nervous system in order to regulate body temperature, but can also be stimulated by high-calorie diets and certain nutrients. (bodypower.sk)
Subsequent studies showed that most subjects with type 2 DM had resistance to insulin action in adipose tissue (inhibition of lipolysis), liver (inhibition of glucose production), and skeletal muscle (stimulation of glucose disposal) ( 14 , 15 , 16 ). (basicmedicalkey.com)

After an overnight fast, insulin-independent tissues, the brain (50%) and splanchnic organs (25%), account for most of the total body glucose disposal. (justia.com)
This was to assess systemic (whole body), leg and visceral (splanchnic) rates of appearance of FFA's (release from adipose tissue). (blogspot.com)
However, at basal insulin levels the fatty acids released from splanchnic represent a smaller proportion vs. leg fat, but a much larger proportion with increasing insulin levels. (blogspot.com)

In these patients increased endogenous glucose production, decreased muscle glucose uptake and rising blood glucose levels are observed. (diabetestalk.net)

These agents lower postprandial glucose by slowing glucose absorption and delaying the hydrolysis of ingested complex carbohydrates and disaccharide. (medscape.com)
We recently found that the patterns of responses of plasma catecholamines and R a persist in glucose-infused subjects ( 9 ) and in the postprandial state ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

These agents reduce blood glucose levels. (medscape.com)

The reason insulin suppresses fat burning is because it's a signal of glucose abundance. (blogspot.com)

In states of insulin resistance, the same amount of insulin does not have the same effect on glucose transport and blood sugar levels. (wikipedia.org)
In the presence of a robust compensatory insulin secretory response to insulin resistance, glucose levels can remain relatively normal. (jci.org)
The mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and lipocalin-2 in white adipose tissue were, respectively, down- and up-regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
The term 'insulin resistance' refers to a reduced glucose uptake in response to physiological insulin levels. (e-apem.org)
Answered Jan 28, 2019 Author has 926 answers and 38.3k answer views Growth hormone is diabetogenic because it is an insulin antagonist, thereby preventing the action of insulin to bring down high blood sugar levels & promote the passage of sugar from the blood into the cells. (diabetestalk.net)
There was a significant negative correlation between adiponectin levels and arterial blood pressure in all groups. (who.int)
Though the diagnostic criteria for MetS has been variably defined in the literature, most definitions now include the presence of at least three of the following: Abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein levels. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
DIM decreased STZ-increased high blood glucose levels and food and water intake in diabetic mice. (researchgate.net)
Dietary administration of NDGA decreased plasma levels of TG, glucose, and insulin, and attenuated hepatic TG accumulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Exercise training prevented weight gain in db/db + Ex mice, but it did not reduce glucose and insulin levels. (biomedcentral.com)
26, 77, 79) Salivary DHEAS levels correspond to about 0.1% of their concentration in blood plasma. (medium.com)
Sleep disturbances have been implicated in the dysregulation of blood glucose levels and reported to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic complications. (vdocuments.mx)
Although the brain is clearly capable of affecting blood glucose levels, whether such effects are important in day-to-day blood glucose control remains a matter of controversy. (silverchair.com)
Whether the brain participates in the physiological control of circulating glucose levels therefore remains a matter of controversy, and the possibility that a dysfunctional central control system contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes is only beginning to be explored. (silverchair.com)
Beyond these concerns, the impact of brain-directed interventions on circulating glucose levels is often seemingly negated by adjustments of islet function. (silverchair.com)
The process begins with the body's detection of higher blood sugar levels. (vitalitymagazine.com)
One symptom of insulin resistance is high glucose levels even after fasting (no food for 24 hours). (vitalitymagazine.com)
Because obesity has also been related to hormonal abnormalities (elevated cortisol and estrogens and waning androgens, the latter two acting to regulate fat when operating at proper levels), these issues may impede the body's ability to metabolize glucose. (vitalitymagazine.com)

S. H. Kim and coworkers (" Citrus junos Tanaka peel extract exerts antidiabetic effects via AMPK and PPAR- both in vitro and in vivo in mice fed a high-fat diet ") indicate that the ethanol extract of the peel of Citrus junos in vitro stimulates glucose uptake in C2C12 myotube cells. (hindawi.com)
Under pathophysiological conditions, mitochondrial dysfunction results in overproduction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and further stimulates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity, thus leading to cellular damage and tissue dysfunction [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cortisol maintains tissue responsiveness to catecholamines, and stimulates a-adrenegic receptor function and receptors in vascular smooth muscle and nerve cells. (medium.com)

31, 44, 81) The biological activity (glucocorticoid activity and negative inhibition of CRF and ACTH secretions) of cortisol in blood is the function of a small free fraction or unbound to serum proteins. (medium.com)

Insulin is a hormone that facilitates the transport of glucose from blood into cells, thereby reducing blood glucose (blood sugar). (wikipedia.org)

We demonstrated that the excipients in the Lyumjev formulation produce local tissue expansion and speed both insulin diffusion and microvascular absorption. (bvsalud.org)
however, the rate at which the insulin lispro crosses the blood vessels is its overall absorption rate-limiting step. (bvsalud.org)

This basal glucose uptake is precisely matched by the release of glucose from the liver. (justia.com)
The change in FPG was related to the change in basal EGP, EGP during the first insulin clamp step, and total glucose disposal during the second insulin clamp step. (diabetesjournals.org)

Since endocrine glands are ductless, the secreted hormones are carried to their target cells (organs) by blood plasma. (medium.com)
On a broader scale, the peptide is located in various organs of your body , such as the liver, brain, and muscle tissues. (jaycampbell.com)
Normal metabolic balance is maintained by a complex homeostatic system involving multiple tissues and organs. (erudit.org)

In addition, ectopic fat accumulation in the muscle promotes ROS production in this tissue [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
80% V̇ o 2max ) causes a seven- to eightfold increase in glucose production ( R a ) and a fourfold increase in glucose uptake ( R d ), resulting in hyperglycemia, whereas moderate exercise (ME) causes both to double. (diabetesjournals.org)
However, in intense exercise (IE) 80% V̇ o 2max , an up to eightfold increase in glucose production ( R a ) and a rise in glycemia occur, but plasma insulin (immunoreactive insulin [IRI]) changes little and glucagon (immunoreactive glucagon [IRG]) increases less than twofold ( 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Cells require glucose for energy production, but glucose that is not absorbed by cells is eventually converted into body fat, usually around the waist. (vitalitymagazine.com)
In this case, it is the liver that becomes resistant to insulin's suppression of hepatic glucose production. (vitalitymagazine.com)

Insulin resistance (IR) is recognized as a biological reaction to insulin stimulation in target tissues. (researchsquare.com)
This belief persisted despite studies performed as early as the 1930s that indicated that resistance to insulin-mediated stimulation of glucose clearance was present in subjects with type 2 DM ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ). (basicmedicalkey.com)

Chronic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation may eventually cause tissue damage in metabolic diseases, particularly obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

J. Wang and colleagues (" Improvement of liquid fructose-induced adipose tissue insulin resistance by ginger treatment in rats is associated with suppression of adipose macrophage-related proinflammatory cytokines ") show that treatment with ginger extract reduced fructose-induced insulin resistance in rats by suppression of adipose inflammatory cytokines (TNF- , IL-6, MPC-1, CCR-2, etc.) and increased phosphorylation of IRS-2. (hindawi.com)

Sleep disorders are treated using anti-insomnia drugs that target ionotropic and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including g -aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists, melatonin agonists, and orexin receptor antagonists. (vdocuments.mx)

GLP-1 has insulinotropic, insulinomimetic, and glucagonostatic effects, thereby exerting multiple complementary actions to lower blood glucose in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (biomedcentral.com)

In the ischemic myocardium, an increase in glucose uptake and subsequent ATP generated through glycolysis helps to sustain myocardial electric and mechanical performance, maintains cellular ultrastructure, promotes myocardial recovery. (biomedcentral.com)
The injured myocardium develops an evolving dependence on glucose as its preferred metabolic substrate while development of myocardial insulin resistance is associated with the progression of heart failure and increased incidence as well as severity of the damaged hearts. (biomedcentral.com)

DIM, a major metabolite of indole-3-carbinol, which is naturally produced in broccoli and cabbage, enhances glucose uptake through the improvement of insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells [13] . (researchgate.net)
3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)

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Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes55

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science1

Health Care7

Metabolism31

Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue2

Peripheral tissues5

Oxidation11

Amino13

Effects of circula1

Free fatty3

Pancreas5

Intolerance5

Liver and adipose tissue1

Hepatic glucose output1

Homeostasis10

Tolerance8

Lipids1

Epididymal adipose tissue3

Secretion3

Increase glucose uptake1

Gluconeogenesis2

Glycogen2

Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia1

Synthesis1

Dyslipidemia1

Visceral adipose1

Deposition5

Decreases1

Concentrations3

Obese5

Lipolysis3

Splanchnic3

Rising blood glucose levels1

Postprandial2

Reduce blood glucose levels1

Suppresses1

Levels18

Stimulates3

Inhibition1

Thereby reducing bloo1

Absorption2

Basal2

Organs3

Production5

Stimulation2

Cardiovascular1

Proinflammatory cytokines1

Protein1

Lower blood glucose1

Myocardium2

Enhances glucose2