• RNA sequencing identified blue light as a major constraint in the extracellular enzymatic hydrolysis of polymeric carbohydrates and acquisition of sugars, despite acting as a stimulus for inorganic carbon sequestration. (nih.gov)
  • Lignocellulosic material can efficiently be converted into fermentable sugars through enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulases and hemicellulases without the conversion of inhibitors of yeast fermentation. (omicsonline.org)
  • Degradation of the plant cell wall requires thermochemical pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study addressed the enzymatic hydrolysis of untreated Chlorella homosphaera biomass using selected enzyme preparations, aiming to identify the relevant activity profile for the microalgae cellulose hydrolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High rates of enzymatic hydrolysis were achieved for untreated C. homosphaera biomass with enzymes containing endoglucanase and β-glucosidase activities and devoid of cellobiohydrolase activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings simplify the complexity of the enzyme pools required for the enzymatic hydrolysis of microalgal biomass decreasing the enzyme cost for the production of microalgae-derived glucose syrups. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multi-detection HPSEC along with specific enzymatic hydrolysis of AXs revealed the presence of the HM-xylan domain (16 and 34 %, respectively) built of numerous single- and multi-component populations with random coil and rod-like conformations, which were embedded in a xylan matrix with spherical conformation and controlled the macromolecular shape. (bvsalud.org)
  • The enzymatic hydrolysis as fractionation method to transform vegetable fibers into fermentable sugars will be studied. (uvigo.es)
  • Therefore, it will be assayed the ad hoc release of hydrolytic enzymes by solid-state fermentation, the pretreatment of biomass with ionic liquids to remove lignin and the final enzymatic hydrolysis including the study of novel bioreactors. (uvigo.es)
  • This unusual behaviour is attributed to an intrinsic property of metallo hydrolytic enzymes that depend on a metal bound water both as a ligand for the second metal ion and as the nucleophile which is consumed during hydrolysis of the substrate and so has to be replaced to maintain the catalytic cycle. (hud.ac.uk)
  • The 3D structure and its substrate-binding pocket also provides an explanation at the molecular level for the observed exo-activity of the enzyme. (rcsb.org)
  • This would allow the biomass feedstock to serve a dual role, as both enzyme supplier and substrate for ethanol production [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The enzyme fraction did not hydrolyse avicel (a crystalline substrate), indicating the absence of any exocellulase activity. (ru.ac.za)
  • Previous studies have reported different methods of pretreatment, such as biological, chemical, mechanical and thermal process, as well as their combinations, to speed substrate hydrolysis (Wagner et al. (springeropen.com)
  • The goal of treatment is to reduce the rate of glucocerebroside biosynthesis so that the amount is reduced to a level that allows the residual activity of the deficient glucocerebrosidase enzyme to be more effective (substrate reduction therapy). (medscape.com)
  • Xylan, major polysaccharide of hemicellulose, requires the action of several hydrolytic enzymes due to its heterogeneity and the complex chemical structure. (omicsonline.org)
  • Cellulolytic bacteria have been isolated and characterised from the sewage sludge and the activation of several hydrolytic enzymes under biosulphidogenic conditions of sewage hydrolysis has been reported. (ru.ac.za)
  • Lipases are triacylglycerol acyl hydrolases with the enzyme number EC 3.1.1.3. (edu.ng)
  • Lipases (E.C. 3.1.1.3) are hydrolytic enzymes with biotechnological potentials. (edu.ng)
  • Lipases (triacylglycerol acyl hydrolases, E.C. 3.1.1.3), are a family of enzymes that catalyzetheconversion of triacylglycerol to glycerol and fatty acids. (edu.ng)
  • The allergenic factors in bee venom consist of hyaluronidases that are responsible for the hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid, in addition to lipases and phosphatases that act on the lysis processes that occur in different tissues and increase the severity of the injury [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • β-Glucuronidases are a class of hydrolytic lysosomal enzymes that degrade β-glucuronic acid residues into polysaccharides. (bocsci.com)
  • A glucuronide linker incorporates a hydrophilic sugar group that is cleaved by the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase. (bocsci.com)
  • Hydrolytic lysosomal glucocerebroside-specific enzyme indicated for long-term enzyme replacement therapy for type 1 Gaucher disease. (medscape.com)
  • Cysteine proteases are being among the most abundant hydrolytic enzymes made by bacteria, which diverse category of protein possess significant biological functions in bacterial viability and environmental relationships. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • Endoglucanases play an important function in cellulose hydrolysis and catalyse the initial attack on the polymer by randomly hydrolysing the β-1,4 glucosidic bonds within the amorphous regions of cellulose chains. (ru.ac.za)
  • In methane fermentation of waste waters containing high concentrations of organic polymers, the hydrolytic activity relevant to each polymer is of paramount significance, in that polymer hydrolysis may become a rate-limiting step for the production of simpler bacterial substrates to be used in subsequent degradation steps. (fao.org)
  • Several products can be obtained from the same algal biomass using an integrated biorefinery concept whereby different biomass processing methods can be sequentially employed, including lipid extraction, algae biomass polysaccharide hydrolysis for sugar syrup production and subsequent fermentation [ 10 ], followed by biodigestion or pyrolysis for the production of biodiesel, bioethanol, methane, and syngas [ 11 - 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Specific Bacillus strains selected for their ability to boost the hydrolysis and fermentation phases through the secretion of anaerobic active hydrolytic enzymes. (genesisbiosciences.co.uk)
  • This study explores the effect of tannin-rich feeds on the kinetics of fermentation of fibre and soluble components, and on the activity of fibrolytic and proteolytic enzymes. (scielo.org.za)
  • The degradation of OTA to non-toxic or less toxic OTα via the hydrolysis of the amide bond is the most important OTA biodegradation mechanism. (frontiersin.org)
  • The kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of the native zinc Bacillus cereus metallo-β-lactamase (BcII) have been investigated under pre-steady-state conditions at different pHs and zinc-ion concentrations. (hud.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, neither the γ-subunit nor the regulatory ATP bound to the ε-subunit is involved in the inhibitory mechanism of this particular enzyme. (rcsb.org)
  • Pretreatment is an important tool for cellulose conversion processes, and is essential to change the structure of cellulosic biomass to make cellulose more available to the enzymes that convert the carbohydrate polymers into fermentable sugars (Mosier et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Previous research has reported that hydrolysis can be enhanced by introducing a limited supply of oxygen during pretreatment or directly into the anaerobic digester (Ramos and Fdz-Polanco 2013 ). (springeropen.com)
  • The state-of-the-art research advances of OTA biodetoxification by degradation, adsorption, or enzymes are reviewed in the present paper. (frontiersin.org)
  • A large number of microorganisms with good OTA degradation and/or adsorption ability, as well as some OTA degradation enzymes isolated or cloned from microorganisms and animal pancreas, have great application prospects in food and feed industries. (frontiersin.org)
  • Whereas the Bacillus acts to provide a hydrolytic boost to assist in the greater degradation and turnover of polymeric compounds such as proteins, carbohydrates and fats. (genesisbiosciences.co.uk)
  • It suggested that enzymes responsible for the degradation of CA in the Krebs cycle must be deactivated to accumulate Citric Acid. (microbenotes.com)
  • The influence of fly ash on hydrolysis, degradation and adsorption of methyl parathion in aqueous soil suspensions. (cdc.gov)
  • Prodrug activation can be achieved through enzyme-mediated hydrolysis or oxidation/reduction processes or through LY2835219 kinase activity assay chemical degradation within the body, triggered via a particular stimulus. (mycareerpeer.com)
  • The pH and metal-ion dependence of the microscopic rate constants of this branching were determined, from which it is concluded that two enzyme species with different metal-to-enzyme stoichiometries are formed during catalytic turnover. (hud.ac.uk)
  • when ATP is scarce, the α-helices are proposed to inhibit ATP hydrolysis by assuming an "up" state, where the α-helices, devoid of ATP, enter the α3β3-catalytic region. (rcsb.org)
  • Human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE) is currently being developed as a detoxication enzyme for the catalytic hydrolysis or stoichiometric binding of organophosphates (OPs). (aspetjournals.org)
  • The structure determination of this protein will be helpful to improve the stability of the enzymes by mutational studies and thus modulate the function of these important enzymes. (omicsonline.org)
  • It has been discovered that albumin not only acts as a carrier protein for drugs, but also participates in catabolic activity such as hydrolysis. (artscolumbia.org)
  • Consequently, condensed tannin depressed the digestibility of feed in the rumen by affecting the activity of enzymes involved in carbohydrate and protein breakdown, the effects of which could be reduced with the use of PEG. (scielo.org.za)
  • Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a calcium- and phosphatebinding protein and a phosphor-hydrolytic enzyme. (bvsalud.org)
  • Approximately 10-15% of patients with Gaucher disease treated with imiglucerase develop antibodies to the enzyme protein, but few develop any significant allergic reactions, which are controlled with premedication with hydrocortisone, antihistamines, or both. (medscape.com)
  • The initial burst of product formation far exceeds the concentration of enzyme and the subsequent slower rate of hydrolysis is attributed to a branched kinetic pathway. (hud.ac.uk)
  • The system was solved numerically, and the kinetic prameters of AAP hydrolysis by the enzyme were determined. (edu.pl)
  • However, the enzymes were able to hydrolyze the α-1,3-linkage in different arabinoxylan-derived oligosaccharides (AXOS) with arabinosylated xylose at the non-reducing end (A 3 X, A 2,3 XX), suggesting their role in the intracellular hydrolysis of oligosaccharides. (rcsb.org)
  • We evaluated the effectiveness of seven commercial hydrolytic enzymes to simultaneously hydrolyze N-glucuronides (using the antibacterial triclocarban as example compound) and other conjugates (using select phenols and parabens as examples) by using on-line solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution-tandem mass spectrometry. (cdc.gov)
  • Utilizing lignocellulosic feedstocks to produce hyperthermophilic hydrolases provides additional benefits for ethanol production in the way of transgenic feedstocks serving as both enzyme providers and cellulosic substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Organophosphorus hydrolase, containing a genetically introduced hexahistidine sequence (His 6 -OPH), attracts the attention of researchers by its promiscuous activity in hydrolytic reactions with various substrates, such as organophosphorus pesticides and chemical warfare agents, mycotoxins, and N -acyl homoserine lactones. (mdpi.com)
  • A screening with model substrates demonstrated hydrolytic activities of rumen fluid on p -NP-esters with four to eight carbon atoms. (frontiersin.org)
  • Unsprouted grains may contain enzyme inhibitors. (shashabread.com)
  • When grains are sprouted, enzyme inhibitors are neutralized. (shashabread.com)
  • The prodrug approach has been proven efficacious for a number of restorative areas, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral providers and angiotensin-converting LY2835219 kinase activity assay enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) [7]. (mycareerpeer.com)
  • Hydrolysis and mobilization of endosperm Gal-mannans by MANs also provides a source of nutrients for early seedling growth, since Gal-mannan, besides its structural role, serves as a storage polysaccharide. (upm.es)
  • The A. awamori - A. cellulolyticus blend showed the highest initial polysaccharide hydrolysis rate of 185.6 mg/g/h, as measured by glucose equivalent, in addition to the highest predicted maximum glucan hydrolysis yield of 47% of total glucose ( w / w ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes with a dual role: they catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan, the largest structural polysaccharide of plant cell wall, and some of them can cause necrosis in the host tissue. (unipd.it)
  • ester/amide is definitely then triggered through hydrolysis or oxidation and the active drug moiety is definitely liberated. (mycareerpeer.com)
  • Catalyzes hydrolytic cleavage of glucocerebroside (a glycoprotein) to glucose and ceramide within the lysosomes of phagocytic cells in the reticuloendothelial system. (medscape.com)
  • It catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucocerebroside to glucose and ceramide, which results in reduced spleen and liver enlargement and increased RBCs and platelets. (medscape.com)
  • This review updates and discusses the significance of mannans and MANs in seeds and explores the increasing biotechnological potential of MAN enzymes. (upm.es)
  • The endo-beta-mannanases (MANs) that catalyse the random hydrolysis of the beta-linkage in the mannan backbone are one of the main hydrolytic enzymes involved in the loosening and remodelling of CWs. (upm.es)
  • varieties, such as for example +2 guideline) confers retention towards the internal membrane.29,30 PmC11 will not consist of this Asp residue and it is therefore likely shuttled towards the outer membrane and may target hydrolysis of extracellular targets or other secreted proteins based on if the protease faces outward and/or towards interstitial peptidoglycan coating, respectively (Determine 1B). (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • They catalyze the hydrolysis and the synthesis of esters formed from glycerol and long-chain fatty acids. (edu.ng)
  • β-Glucuronidases are a class of glycosidase enzymes that catalyze β-glucuronide residues hydrolysis and are widely used in antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) design. (bocsci.com)
  • microbial fitness, because they are crucial to many fundamental processes linked to rate of metabolism, development, and nutritional acquisition.1,2 Users of this wide class of bacterial enzymes, including streptopain3,4 and spp. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • The aim was to determine the effect of tannin on the nutritive value and microbial enzyme activity in vitro . (scielo.org.za)
  • MP involves microbial communities under mild conditions (temperature and pressure), uses fewer enzymes and less energy for methane production, and is probably the most promising and environmentally friendly technique in the long run. (springeropen.com)
  • The highest initial glucan hydrolysis rate of 140.3 mg/g/h was observed for A. awamori enzymes with high β-glucosidase, low endoglucanase, and negligible cellobiohydrolase activities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • T. reesei enzymes showed the lowest predicted maximum glucan hydrolysis yield of 25% ( w / w ), whereas the maximum yields of approximately 31% were observed for the other enzyme preparations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pretreatment utilizes high temperatures, corrosive chemicals, or ionic liquids to break the bonds among the three components, thereby increasing accessibility of hydrolytic enzymes to cellulose [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this paper, we investigate their recovery by an enzyme-assisted extraction process consisting of a pretreatment of the plant material with cellulase followed by solvent extraction with aqueous ethanol. (mdpi.com)
  • A system of non-linear differential equations with diffusion is used to describe the kinetics of Termomyces lanuginosa lipase (TLL) catalyzed hydrolysis of L-ascorbic acid palmitate (AAP). (edu.pl)
  • The hydrolytic actions of these enzymes are complemented by the actions of other enzymes (lipase, phosphate, and esterase) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The rate constant for the regeneration of enzyme activity depends on zinc-ion concentration. (hud.ac.uk)
  • The only activity previously reported for GH159 was hydrolytic activity on β-galactofuranosides. (rcsb.org)
  • Along with the deliver of drugs, it is essential to maintain normal cellular activity, which is done through by series of serum enzymes such as esterase. (artscolumbia.org)
  • However, in the Escherichia coli enzyme, there is no evidence that such ATP binding to the ε-subunit is mechanistically important for modulating the enzyme's hydrolytic activity. (rcsb.org)
  • Another hypothesis is that tricarboxylate transporter activity competes with aconitase for binding to CA. The transporter has a higher affinity for CA where it ejects the citrate out of mitochondria to cytoplasm without inhibiting kreb cycle enzymes. (microbenotes.com)
  • Previously, rationally designed hBChE mutants (G117H and E197Q) were reported in the literature and showed the feasibility of engineering OP hydrolytic functional activity into hBChE. (aspetjournals.org)
  • 1975. [Effect of methyl parathion or zineb administration on the activity of some hepatic enzymes in rats]. (cdc.gov)
  • PEG also increased the activity of protease enzymes, xylanase, endo- and exocellulases, indicating that tannins depress the digestibility of feeds partly by suppressing the activity of these enzymes. (scielo.org.za)
  • Among the most abundant genera encountered in this study, polyester hydrolysis activity has already been proven (e.g. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, several in silico techniques are employed in the optimization of the prodrug structure or prodrug-enzyme LY2835219 kinase activity assay complex, in order to facilitate enzymatic cleavage. (mycareerpeer.com)
  • A few patients with Gaucher disease have developed antibodies that impair enzyme activity. (medscape.com)
  • Biphasic kinetics are observed for the hydrolysis of cefuroxime and benzylpenicillin with submicromolar concentrations of enzyme and zinc. (hud.ac.uk)
  • Divalent ions (Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Zn²⁺) proved to be inhibitory while Fe²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ stimulated the enzyme at concentrations between 200 and 1000 mg/l. (ru.ac.za)
  • Human exposure to consumer and personal care products chemicals such as phenols, including parabens and other antimicrobial agents, can be assessed through biomonitoring by quantifying urinary concentrations of the parent chemical or its metabolites, often after hydrolysis of phase II conjugates. (cdc.gov)
  • The disorder results from the deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase. (medscape.com)
  • Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with glucocerebrosidase purified from human placenta was FDA approved in 1991, followed by approval in 1994 of a recombinant form of the enzyme produced in cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, marketed as imiglucerase (Cerezyme). (medscape.com)
  • In planta production of hyperthermophilic hydrolytic enzymes could prevent the detrimental effects often seen resulting from the expression of recombinant mesophilic enzymes to plant hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This form of recombinant enzyme is produced in cultured human cells and is marketed as velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV). (medscape.com)
  • Taliglucerase is a plant-based recombinant enzyme. (medscape.com)
  • the initiation of the hydrolytic reaction by PLA2. (uu.nl)
  • These results highlight the relevance of method validation procedures that include optimizing the hydrolysis of phase II urinary conjugates (e.g., enzyme type and amount used, reaction time, temperature) to quantify accurately and concurrently multiple exposure biomarkers for biomonitoring purposes. (cdc.gov)
  • These agents inhibit the enzyme glucosylceramide synthase, the initial enzyme in a series of reactions that result in the synthesis of most glycosphingolipids, including glucocerebroside. (medscape.com)
  • In this study, the rumen content from cattle ( Bos taurus ) was investigated regarding synthetic polyester hydrolyzing enzymes based on the fact that the diet of ruminants may contain natural plant polyesters. (frontiersin.org)
  • Rumen fluid hydrolyzed synthetic aromatic polyesters with higher amounts of terephthalic acid released from poly(butylene adipate- co -terephthalate) (PBAT) (0.75 and 0.5 mM for polymer powder and film, respectively) and thus exceeded when compared to the hydrolysis of the second terephthalic acid-based polymer-poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) (0.6 and 0.15 mM, for powder and film, reciprocally). (frontiersin.org)
  • The inactivating capacity of the enzyme was then tested by a disk diffusion assay that demonstrated hydrolysis of imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • His research work is mainly on xylanase, an industrially important enzyme. (omicsonline.org)
  • Such linkers demonstrated a low level of aggregation, high plasma stability, a cleavage process validated in vitro upon incubation with corresponding enzymes, and robust in vivo efficacy. (bocsci.com)
  • Supersize your vitamin intake with sprouted grains which are packed with vitamins A, B-complex, C and E. An analysis of existing studies by JK Chavan and SS Kadam found that: "Sprouting of grains for a limited period causes increased activities of hydrolytic enzymes, improvement in the contents of certain essential amino acids, total sugars, and B-group vitamins, and a decrease in dry matter, starch, and antinutrients. (shashabread.com)
  • The digestibilities of storage proteins and starch are improved due to their partial hydrolysis during sprouting. (shashabread.com)
  • A genetic aberration in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, a pivotal enzyme in the PPP, can disrupt this biochemical harmony, underscoring the pathway's indispensability in cellular metabolism and defense mechanisms. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Farmer was the first to define Peptidomimetics as "designing of novel scaffolds to replace the entire peptide backbone while retaining isosteric topography topography of the enzyme-bound peptide confirmation" 13 . (ijpsr.com)
  • These bound hydrolytic products are likely to be the basis of inhibition of ATP hydrolysis. (rcsb.org)
  • His research interest includes molecular characterization, structure-function relationship of enzymes that is useful for industrial purpose. (omicsonline.org)
  • The hydrolysis with different endo-glucanases (zymolyase, cellulase, and lichenase) was used to obtain solubilized high molecular weight glycogen fractions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Analytical isoelectric focusing, inhibitor studies, hydrolysis, induction assays, and molecular sequencing methods confirmed the presence of a NmcA carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzyme. (cdc.gov)
  • During host plant infection, pathogens produce many cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDE) in order to colonize the host tissue and also to obtain nutrients. (unipd.it)
  • the enzymes a microbe makes often controls which nutrients a soil community member can use or process. (openwetware.org)
  • This paper presents mathematical and computational modelling of kinetics of a bioelectroanalytical system based on the interfacial action of hydrolytic enzyme. (edu.pl)
  • prodrug (losartan, paclitaxel derivatives) rate of metabolism via CYP450 enzyme are offered, as well as an MD simulation for optimizing linker size in phospholipid-based prodrugs. (mycareerpeer.com)
  • In rats, ingested phlorizin is converted into phloretin by hydrolytic enzymes in the small intestine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Developing suitable analytical methods for the concurrent quantification of multiple exposure biomarkers is challenging because optimal conditions for the hydrolysis of such conjugates (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • The endoglucanase activities were shown to be associated with the pellet particulate matter and exhibited a pH optimum of 6 and temperature optimum of 50 °C. The enzymes were thermally more stable when immobilised to the floc matrix of the sludge than when they were released into the aqueous solution via sonication. (ru.ac.za)
  • The effects of recirculation on the enzyme activities and biogas production were investigated by comparing with control reactor (Reactor CK ). (iwaponline.com)
  • LDR promotes the biogas production and enzyme activities. (iwaponline.com)
  • The peaks of enzyme activities appeared ahead of biogas production. (iwaponline.com)
  • The trail of biogas production resembled some enzyme activities delay. (iwaponline.com)
  • Sulphide stimulated the activities of the immobilised endoglucanases, but inhibited activities of the soluble enzymes above 200 mg/l. (ru.ac.za)
  • Sonication released ~74.9 % of the total enzyme activities into solution and this was partially purified by PEG 20 000 concentration followed by DEAE-Cellulose ion exchange chromatography, which resulted in an appreciable purity as measured by the purification factor, 25.4 fold. (ru.ac.za)
  • Gas production (GP), true degradability (TD) and the proteolytic and fibrolytic enzyme activities in digesta were determined. (scielo.org.za)
  • This work focuses on the enzyme-mediated prodrug activation and optimization of this process through in silico methods. (mycareerpeer.com)
  • TRC-temB/PLA2D interaction was observed by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), with maximum efficiency coinciding with the burst in hydrolysis. (uu.nl)
  • They play important roles in the hydrolysis of triglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol as commercial biocatalysts. (edu.ng)
  • Therefore, the role of mannans and of their hydrolytic enzymes is decisive in the life cycle of seeds. (upm.es)
  • Crystallization and structural analysis of the apo form of one of the Caldicellulosiruptor enzymes, Ch _Gaf159A, enabled the elucidation of the first 3D structure of a GH159 member. (rcsb.org)