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EnzymaticUptakeBiomassPost-prandial blood glucoseInsulinCellulose to glucoseStarch to glucoseMaltoseFructoseHypoglycemiaMonosaccharideLactoseEnzymeXyloseConcentrationsPostprandialMonosaccharidesGalactosePolymerSugarsCarbohydratesAssociated with oxidative stressAmounts of glucoseEnzymesHyperglycemiaMetabolismAcidDeterminationIncrementalSeparationPeripheral tissuesObesityCarbohydrateRegulateSugarSerumBloodChemicalFattySubsequentlyType 2 diabetConsistDiabetesSignificantlyToleranceProcessesCompositions

Enzymatic10

• By converting some glucose in corn syrup into fructose (using an enzymatic process), a sweeter product, high fructose corn syrup can be produced. (wikipedia.org)
• The sugar profile of a confectioner's syrup can also be mimicked by enzymatic hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
• Cellulose hydrolysis to glucose could be performed by chemical, physical, or enzymatic processes. (hindawi.com)
• Enzymatic hydrolysis is the most used in the industry because of its high yields with fewer unwanted side products [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
• The high concentrations of galactose and glucose illustrated in the chromatogram are a result of the enzymatic breakdown of lactose into these very monosaccharide constituents (Figure 4). (sigmaaldrich.com)
• Rice straw hydrolysate obtained through enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw was used as a substrate for bioethanol production. (scialert.net)
• These glycosidic bonds are highly susceptible to the enzymatic hydrolysis under the natural environment and makes the starch a highly biodegradable polymer (5). (degruyter.com)
• Moreover, the BIOeCON-solvent technology base on molten salt hydrates (ZnCl 2 ) shows economic competitiveness to enzymatic hydrolysis [14]. (databasefootball.com)
• The intermediate products formed/released during enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose (eg. (agriinfo.in)
• A microdialysis probe equipped with a 5-mm polysulfone (SPS 4005) membrane, with a molecular-weight cut-off of 5 kDa, was used to sample the hydrolysis products of native wheat starch at 90 degrees C. Characteristic fingerprint separations were achieved by anion exchange chromatography after enzymatic hydrolysis. (lu.se)

Uptake10

• This agent increases hepatic glucose output by inhibiting pancreatic insulin release and, possibly, through an extrapancreatic effect, as well as decreases cellular glucose uptake. (medscape.com)
• This study aimed to determine whether I3C or DIM could increase glucose uptake via enhanced insulin sensitivity in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, as well as the mechanism involved. (researchgate.net)
• DIM also enhanced glucose uptake by increasing expression of glucose transporter 4 in adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
• Conclusions Our findings suggest that DIM may improve insulin sensitivity through the activation of the insulin signaling pathway, leading to enhanced glucose uptake. (researchgate.net)
• Previous studies have found that DIM can improve type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose uptake through the activation of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 cells, and by lowering the plasma glucose levels in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice [13, 14]. (researchgate.net)
• DIM, a major metabolite of indole-3-carbinol, which is naturally produced in broccoli and cabbage, enhances glucose uptake through the improvement of insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells [13] . (researchgate.net)
• 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
• The most potent effects were on lipid profile which was attributed to its ability to regulate lipoprotein hydrolysis and their uptake. (worldhealth.net)
• Green tea (GT), cranberry (CR), and tart cherry extracts were evaluated for their ability to inhibit yeast alpha-glucosidase, relevant to glucose uptake. (cranberryinstitute.org)
• It reduces hepatic glucose output, may decrease intestinal absorption of glucose, and may increase glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. (medscape.com)

Biomass3

• Identification of cellulolytic microorganisms is of great interest to the hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass. (hindawi.com)
• Bioethanol production requires four major steps: biomass pretreatment, cellulose hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
• These findings are described in the article entitled Technical and Economic approach of bioethanol production from nanofiltration of biomass chemical hydrolysis solutions , recently published in the journal Applied Energy . (databasefootball.com)

Post-prandial blood glucose2

• To evaluate the course of post-meal glycaemia, a measure of the glycaemic profile (GP) was introduced defined as the duration for the incremental post-prandial blood glucose response divided with the blood glucose incremental peak (min/mM). (biomedcentral.com)
• Our findings suggest that CR has the greatest potential to possibly manage post-prandial blood glucose levels via the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase, and that the effect is through synergistic activity of the extract's phenolic compounds. (cranberryinstitute.org)

Insulin7

• This agent exerts effects opposite of insulin on blood glucose and elevates blood glucose levels by inhibiting glycogen synthesis and enhancing formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as proteins and fats (gluconeogenesis). (medscape.com)
• Agents that inhibit insulin secretion increase glucose levels by reducing peripheral glucose metabolism. (medscape.com)
• In healthy volunteers, a single dose intake of iso resulted in lower postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses than did sucrose (suc), while showing prolonged blood glucose delivery over 3 h test. (cambridge.org)
• Fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance were lower after the 4-week iso intervention compared with baseline. (cambridge.org)
• Blood glucose, serum insulin, plasma ghrelin and subjective satiety were measured during 180 minutes. (biomedcentral.com)
• Nateglinide is an amino acid derivative that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas (within 20 minutes of oral administration), which, in turn, reduces blood glucose levels. (medscape.com)
• Both the measures of HI and FI were related to GI, GPI, glucose iPeak, II and insulin iPeak (Spearman's partial correlation, papers I-III). (lu.se)

Cellulose to glucose2

• Conversion of lignocelluloses to ethanol employs three major steps including: (1) substrate pretreatment, (2) hydrolysis with a combination of enzymes to reduce the cellulose to glucose and (3) microbial fermentation of glucose to ethanol ( Sun and Cheng, 2002 ). (scialert.net)
• In 1984, the Purdue Research Foundation patented the hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose using zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) [24]. (databasefootball.com)

Starch to glucose1

• Maltose is also less humectant than glucose, so candy produced with high-maltose syrup will not become sticky as easily as candy produced with a standard glucose syrup.p. 81 Irrespective of the feedstock or the method used for hydrolysis, certain steps are common to the production of glucose syrup: Before conversion of starch to glucose can begin, the starch must be separated from the plant material. (wikipedia.org)

Maltose3

• High-maltose glucose syrup has a great advantage in the production of hard candy: at a given moisture level and temperature, a maltose solution has a lower viscosity than a glucose solution, but will still set to a hard product. (wikipedia.org)
• The majority of sugars in foodstuffs are made up of the monosaccharides glucose, fructose, galactose, and the disaccharides sucrose, lactose, and maltose. (sigmaaldrich.com)
• e) maltase that acts on maltose liberating glucose. (fao.org)

Fructose6

• Determination of glucose, fructose, and sucrose in apple juice. (sigmaaldrich.com)
• Consider the hydrolysis of sucrose, which yields glucose and fructose. (jove.com)
• Sucrose causes clockwise rotation, whereas glucose and fructose cause counterclockwise rotation. (jove.com)
• By measuring the degree of rotation of light at set time intervals, the relative concentrations of sucrose, glucose, or fructose can be calculated and the reaction rate determined. (jove.com)
• These potato events exhibit reduced levels of free asparagine in tubers, as well as lower levels of reducing sugars (i.e., glucose and fructose) in tubers. (canada.ca)
• The petitioner has provided information describing the methods used to develop Simplot Innate® potato events Gen2-W8, Gen2-X17, and Gen2-Y9 and the molecular biology data that characterize the genetic change, which results in reduced levels of free asparagine in tubers, lower levels of reducing sugars (i.e., glucose and fructose) in tubers, reduced expression of polyphenol oxidase 5 enzyme (Ppo5), and expression of the VNT1 protein. (canada.ca)

Hypoglycemia3

• The mainstay of therapy for hypoglycemia is glucose. (medscape.com)
• An elevated blood glucose level is called hyperglycemia and a deficient blood glucose level is called hypoglycemia. (loinc.org)
• Does hypoglycemia following a glucose challenge test identify a high risk pregnancy? (medscape.com)

Monosaccharide2

• Glucose (C6H12O6) is a simple monosaccharide and monomer of carbohydrates. (loinc.org)
• On hydrolysis hemicelluloses are converted into soluble monosaccharide/sugars (eg. (agriinfo.in)

Lactose4

• The precondition for lactose to be absorbed and utilized by the human body is hydrolysis by lactase (LCT). (selfgrowth.com)
• It can degrade lactose into galactose and glucose, and also has the transfer effect of galactosides. (selfgrowth.com)
• All bifidobacteria contain galactosidase , which can degrade lactose into glucose and galactose, and its activity is significantly higher than that of other intestinal bacteria. (selfgrowth.com)
• Oral administration of exogenous lactase and hydrolysis of lactose by lactase to produce low-lactose or lactose-free dairy products to assist the digestion and absorption of lactose are currently widely concerned research hotspots. (selfgrowth.com)

Enzyme3

• Glucose syrup can be produced by acid hydrolysis, enzyme hydrolysis, or a combination of the two. (wikipedia.org)
• Currently, glucose syrup is mainly produced by first adding the enzyme α-amylase to a mixture of corn starch and water. (wikipedia.org)
• Spin-coated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at optimized instrumental deposition conditions was applied to prepare the effective medium for glucose oxidase enzyme (GOx) covalent immobilization through cyanuric chloride (GOx/nano-ZnO/PVA/FTO). (frontiersin.org)

Xylose1

• Now the solution's main content is glucose, xylose, and ZnCl 2 . (databasefootball.com)

Concentrations3

• Direct oral absorption results in rapid increase of blood glucose concentrations. (medscape.com)
• In methane fermentation of waste waters containing high concentrations of organic polymers, the hydrolytic activity relevant to each polymer is of paramount significance, in that polymer hydrolysis may become a rate-limiting step for the production of simpler bacterial substrates to be used in subsequent degradation steps. (fao.org)
• The concentrations of cranberry phytochemicals required to inhibit 50% of albumin glycation (EC(50)) in albumin-glucose assay were lower than that of aminoguanidine except for water fraction I. Cranberry phytochemicals inhibited glycation of human serum albumin mediated by methylglyoxal, but the EC(50) were higher than that of aminoguanidine. (cranberryinstitute.org)

Postprandial3

• These agents lower postprandial glucose by slowing glucose absorption and delaying the hydrolysis of ingested complex carbohydrates and disaccharide. (medscape.com)
• Frequent episodes of elevated postprandial blood glucose have been associated with oxidative stress and subclinical inflammation, and the importance of a tight glycaemic control has been identified as an important factor to maintain health and prevent T2DM, obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). (lu.se)
• Furthermore, the potential use of in vitro measurements of starch hydrolysis rate (HI) and fluidity (FI) to predict course of postprandial glycaemia (GI and/or GP) was evaluated. (lu.se)

Monosaccharides1

• Polylactose is composed of glucose and galactose, these two monosaccharides are easily absorbed by the intestinal lumen and are an important source of human tissue structure and energy. (selfgrowth.com)

Galactose2

• Structural formulae of glucose and galactose. (sigmaaldrich.com)
• P. fontium strains give positive tests for Simmons citrate, H2S production, motility, acid production from D-glucose and D-galactose, and gluconate oxidation. (who.int)

Polymer1

• Along with starch, which is a polymer of glucose, the usable carbohydrates found in foodstuffs are largely in the form of sugars. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Sugars2

• The further the hydrolysis process proceeds, the more reducing sugars are produced, and the higher the DE. (wikipedia.org)
• In brown algae (i.e. kombu and sugar kelp), glucose (ca. 64-83%) and fucose (13-20%) are the main sugars, and they represent laminarins and fucoidans . (matis.is)

Carbohydrates3

• When food is ingested, the carbohydrates within the food are broken down into glucose molecules. (loinc.org)
• They are the simplest carbohydrates that cannot be broken into smaller units on hydrolysis. (slideshare.net)
• A group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of STARCH or GLYCOGEN. (bvsalud.org)

Associated with oxidative stress1

• One mechanism behind the protective effect of low GI foods in relation to CVD may be the avoidance of frequent and elevated blood glucose excursions, which are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Amounts of glucose1

• Concentrated dextrose infusions provide higher amounts of glucose and increased caloric intake with minimum fluid volume. (medscape.com)

Enzymes5

• Cellulases responsible for the hydrolysis of cellulose are composed of three major enzymes. (scialert.net)
• These three enzymes act synergistically on cellulose effectively hydrolyzing its crystal structure, to produce glucose. (fao.org)
• It was hypothesized that tannins could bind to the digestive enzymes -amylase and glucoamylase, thereby inhibiting starch hydrolysis. (cranberryinstitute.org)
• The decomposition of cellulose occurs in two stages: (i) in the first stage the long chain of cellulase is broken down into cellobiase and then into glucose by the process of hydrolysis in the presence of enzymes cellulase and cellobiase, and (ii) in second stage glucose is oxidized and converted CO2 and water. (agriinfo.in)
• The hydrolysis is brought about by number of hemicellulolytic enzymes known as 'hemicellulases' excreted by the microorganisms. (agriinfo.in)

Hyperglycemia1

• It may be started at a high dose in patients with severe hyperglycemia and in those with symptoms, if home glucose monitoring and close follow-up can be arranged. (medscape.com)

Metabolism1

• Glucose provides energy for cellular processes and aids metabolism within the body. (loinc.org)

Acid7

• Glucose syrup was first made in 1811 in Russia by Gottlieb Kirchhoff using heat and sulfuric acid. (wikipedia.org)
• The original glucose syrups were manufactured by acid hydrolysis of corn starch at high temperature and pressure. (wikipedia.org)
• Higher DE syrups made by acid hydrolysis tend to have a bitter taste and a dark colour, due to the production of hydroxymethylfurfural and other byproducts.p. 26 This type of product is now manufactured using a continuous converting process and is still widely used due to the low cost of acid hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
• Formerly, glucose syrup was only produced by combining corn starch with dilute hydrochloric acid, and then heating the mixture under pressure. (wikipedia.org)
• An MBOCA-glucoside was identified by mild acid hydrolysis, which released MBOCA and glucose. (aspetjournals.org)
• The method consists in heating a test portion with ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution until the meat components are totally dissolved, decanting, washing of the remaining residue with hot ethanol, filtering, dissolving in hydrochloric acid, and hydrolysis, followed by titrimetric determination of the glucose formed. (iso.org)
• Data from the monitoring of the hydrolysis of wheat starch indicated that, after 1 h, glucose and maltooligosaccharides up to DP 7 were the main hydrolysis products and thus enabled optimization of a liquefication step during the production of L-lactic acid. (lu.se)

Determination1

• During recent decades, the determination of blood glucose level has become essential and routine because of the rapid increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and associated diseases. (frontiersin.org)

Incremental1

• GP is defined as the duration of the glucose curve above the fasting concentration divided by the incremental glucose peak. (lu.se)

Separation2

• However, separation hydrolysis sugar from ZnCl 2 and recycle ZnCl 2 are two main issue to reach economic sustainability [8, 10, 25, 26]. (databasefootball.com)
• Prolonged storage at RT and delay testing/separation lead to hydrolysis of phosphate esters (eg, glucose phosphate, creatinine phosphate) and overestimation of phosphate concentration. (medscape.com)

Peripheral tissues1

• Glucose-elevating agents can act in the pancreas or the peripheral tissues to increase blood glucose levels. (medscape.com)

Obesity1

• In 362 overweight people, they observed gene-dosage effects that link SORLA expression to obesity and glucose tolerance. (medscape.com)

Carbohydrate2

• Slowed starch digestion can theoretically increase satiety by modulating glucose "spiking" and depletion that occurs after carbohydrate-rich meals. (cranberryinstitute.org)
• Glucose and glucose oligomers enter the carbohydrate metabolic pathway and are catabolised. (europa.eu)

Regulate1

• When an individual is hyperglycemic and cannot properly regulate their blood glucose level they are considered diabetic. (loinc.org)

Sugar2

• Glucose is a sugar. (wikipedia.org)
• The designed multiple nanofiltration processes can purify sugar from high ZnCl 2 stream hydrolysis solution. (databasefootball.com)

Serum2

• Glucose supplements are used to raise the patient's serum glucose. (medscape.com)
• Objective Indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring compound found in cruciferous vegetables, and its metabolite 3,3′‐diindolylmethane (DIM) reduce body mass and serum glucose levels in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice. (researchgate.net)

Blood5

• DIM decreased STZ-increased high blood glucose levels and food and water intake in diabetic mice. (researchgate.net)
• Blood glucose content is significant in determining an individual's overall state of health. (loinc.org)
• In conclusion, the study shows that iso is completely available from the small intestine, irrespective of food matrix, leading to a prolonged delivery of blood glucose. (cambridge.org)
• Last but not least, exogenous interfering substances may cause errors in the systematic measurement of blood glucose. (frontiersin.org)
• Among the most successful and reliable diagnostic devices are the glucose electrochemical biosensors that determine the glucose blood level based on glucose oxidase (GOx) using amperometric, impedimetric, conductometric, and potentiometric techniques. (frontiersin.org)

Chemical1

• Nevertheless, chemical hydrolysis requires a cost-effective process to deal highly concentrated streams to successfully cosmeticize bioethanol production. (databasefootball.com)

Fatty1

• Alkyl polyglycosides have a common metabolic fate that involves hydrolysis of the ß-glycosidic bond to the fatty alcohol and glucose. (europa.eu)

Subsequently2

• Subsequently β-glucosidase hydrolyses glucose dimers to glucose. (scialert.net)
• D-glucosidase subsequently catalyzes the hydrolysis of prunin into glucose and naringenin. (bvsalud.org)

Type 2 diabet1

• Intensive glucose control and macrovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. (medscape.com)

Consist1

• It consist of glucose units joined together by glycosidic bonds. (degruyter.com)

Diabetes2

• This strictly glucose-dependent course of renders the receptor and its ligands helpful within the remedy of sort II diabetes mellitus. (ncbcs.org)
• Some routine clinical laboratory checks for glucose levels, which have become an integral part of diabetes care, suffer from several limitations in accuracy, such as strip manufacturing variation, strip storage, and aging. (frontiersin.org)

Significantly1

• There was significantly lower level of glucose release for WRRG compared with WR (p0.05). (cranberryinstitute.org)

Tolerance1

• Effects on second meal glucose tolerance and appetite were also investigated. (lu.se)

Processes2

• Moreover, the integrated multiple nanofiltration processes successfully validated that desalinated real bagasse hydrolysis solution is fermentable to produce bioethanol. (databasefootball.com)
• cellobiose and glucose) are utilized by the cellulose-decomposing organisms or by other organisms as source of energy for biosynthetic processes. (agriinfo.in)

Compositions1

• Depending on the process used, glucose syrups with different compositions, and hence different technical properties, can have the same DE. (wikipedia.org)