P450EnzymesSuperoxide DismutaseH2O2Myeloperoxidase1.11.1.5Presence of hydrogen peroxideOxidoreductaseSubstrateAscorbate peroxidasesMetabolismCatalase-peroxidasesPlant peroxidasesYeastEosinophil peroxidaseElectronAnimal peroxidasesFungal peroxidasesOxygenasesOxidationProteinsOxygenOxidative stressHorseradishLipid peroxideMitochondrialExtracellularCyanideReactionSuperfamilyCatalyze the reductionChloroplastsMoleculesIntracellularRespirationNADPHSulfideHemoproteinChemMolecularIsozymesApoptoticConcentrationProteinActivityOccursWater
P4506
- The cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme system, which is mainly found in the liver, is associated with the pathogenesis of NAFLD. (biomedcentral.com)
- Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) indicated that the carbon metabolism, glutathione metabolism, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, and ABC transporters were significantly differentially expressed components between Cd stress and NaHS treatment under Cd stress in T. thermophila . (biomedcentral.com)
- It shows a strong anti-free radical oxidation in the cytochrome P450 / NADPH oxidation system, which can significantly inhibit the free radicals produced during metabolism in vivo, so as not to be subject to oxidative biological macromolecules (low density lipoprotein LDL, DNAs) and cell walls are freely based on free radical oxidation. (zhenyibio.com)
- Samples containing 0.5 pmol recombinant cytochrome P450 or 20 µg human liver microsomal protein ( Xenotech LLC product H0610) were diluted with an equal volume of 2x SDS sample buffer and incubated at 100°C for 5 min. (cypex.co.uk)
- Diazinon caused an inhibition of carboxylesterase (CES) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in zebrafish larvae, diuron inhibited AChE activity in in vitro testing, and both pesticides significantly affected gene expression and activities of some of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family enzymes. (springeropen.com)
- Metabolism of glutathione peroxidase, can further inflammation, and - along with oth- many exogenous agents through cy- convert these reactive species to er radical species - play key roles tochrome P450-mediated reactions wate r (Benzie, 2000) . (who.int)
Enzymes7
- Some bacterial species produce enzymes that exhibit both catalase and broad-spectrum peroxidase activities [4]. (expasy.org)
- a) Enzymes that catalyse the removal of hy-drogen from a substrate but use only oxy-gen as a hydrogen acceptor to form water as a reaction product (with the exception of uricase and monoamine oxidase which form H 2 O 2 ). (biologydiscussion.com)
- Along with animal peroxidases, these enzymes belong to a group of peroxidases containing a heme prosthetic group (ferriprotoporphyrin IX), which catalyzes a multistep oxidative reaction involving hydrogen peroxide as the electron acceptor. (unl.edu)
- Superoxide dismutase enzymes dismutate superoxide into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can be converted into hydroxyl radicals (HO via the reduction of ferrous iron (Fe2+) to ferric iro. (icbinhibitor.com)
- However, if hydrogen peroxide is not completely reduced by these enzymes, it can generate an extremely reactive hydroxy radical when oxidized by iron (Fenton reaction). (dojindo.com)
- Fd acts simultaneously as a bottleneck and as a hub which distributes high-energy electrons to a multitude of enzymes, which include nitrite reductase, sulphite reductase, fatty acid desaturase, glutamine-2-oxoglutarate amino transferase (GOGAT), redox complexes such as cytochrome b 6 /f for cyclic electron transport (CET) and thioredoxins 2 . (nature.com)
- Molecular docking analysis for different enzymes involved in aging (collagenase, elastase and hyaluronidase), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and mitochondrial enzymes (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+hydrogen (H) dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase and adenosine triphosphate synthase) was carried out for epigallocatechin gallate alone (1), withaferin A alone (2), epigallocatechin gallate and withaferin A in combination (3) and a reference molecule. (ijpsonline.com)
Superoxide Dismutase7
- superoxide anion is then converted to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide by superoxide dismutase (SOD). (dojindo.com)
- To this end, many assay methods have been developed for the detection of ROSrelated or ROS-derived substances such as superoxide anion, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, DNA lesions, 8-oxoguanine, 8-nitroguanosine, and protein carbonyl. (dojindo.com)
- This process, known as Mehler reaction, results in formation of H 2 O 2 which is generated by the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and converted into water and oxygen by ascorbate peroxidase 9 . (nature.com)
- One of the ways that cardiovascular biological systems counteract the Nuciferine generation of reactive o2 species (ROS) is with superoxide dismutase protein SOD1 and SOD2 that metabolize superoxide radicals to molecular o2 and hydrogen peroxide or scavenge Nuciferine o2 radicals created by the considerable oxidation-reduction and electron-transport reactions that occur in mitochondria. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
- Superoxide dismutase (SOD) protein play a role in removing ROS by catalyzing disproportionation to O2 and hydrogen peroxide after which hydrogen peroxide is usually converted into water by catalase or glutathione peroxidase [7]. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
- Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activities and uric acid (UA) levels were measured in plasma and saliva. (bvsalud.org)
- To counteract the oxidative stress mammalian cells have antioxidant system which includes enzymatic activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and non enzymatic antioxidants including vitamins A, E, C, melatonin, uric acid (UA) and glutathione 6,10 . (bvsalud.org)
H2O24
- In this study, we examined the cytoprotective effects of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) isolated from mulberry fruit against pancreatic β-cell apoptosis caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
- The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family, members of which catalyze the reduction of organic hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by glutathione, and thereby protect cells against oxidative damage. (nih.gov)
- therefore, by limiting H2O2 accumulation, glutathione peroxidases are also involved in modulating these processes. (nih.gov)
- hydroxyl radical (HO) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and singlet o2 (1O2) plus they are generated by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation or chemical real estate agents such as mitochondria complex We inhibitors [1-3]. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Myeloperoxidase3
- The molecular specificity of this microscopic method enables us to show that intracellular reduction of both myeloperoxidase (MPO) and cytochrome b558 occurs in neutrophilic granulocytes. (utwente.nl)
- These individuals have elevated production of ROS by inflammatory cells, for instance macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils, which bring about an elevated concentration of exhaled hydrogen peroxide and secretion of myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase (871).MITOPHAGYMitophagy can be a selective form of apoptosis for dysfunctional mitochondria, classically through phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) degradation (92). (namptinhibitor.com)
- Hypochlorite ion, an ROS derived from hydrogen peroxide by myeloperoxidase in neutrophils, has germicidal activity. (dojindo.com)
1.11.1.51
- Yeast cytochrome c peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.5). (expasy.org)
Presence of hydrogen peroxide2
- Although the TMBZ solution is colorless, it turns bluish-green (λmax: 655 nm) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase. (dojindo.com)
- A hemeprotein which catalyzes the oxidation of ferrocytochrome c to ferricytochrome c in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. (bvsalud.org)
Oxidoreductase1
- The functional categories of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by gene ontology (GO) revealed that the transcripts involved in the oxidation-reduction process, oxidoreductase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, and cell redox homeostasis were the considerable enrichments between Cd stress and NaHS treatment under Cd stress. (biomedcentral.com)
Substrate6
- a) They catalyse the removal of hydrogen from a substrate and use either oxygen or artificial substances such a methylene blue as hydrogen acceptor. (biologydiscussion.com)
- a) They catalyze the removal of hydrogen from a substrate but not able to use oxy-gen as hydrogen acceptor. (biologydiscussion.com)
- b) They transfer hydrogen from one substrate to another by oxidation-reduction reac-tion not involving a respiratory chain (shown in Fig. 12.4. (biologydiscussion.com)
- X-ray crystallography, kinetics, spectroscopy and directed evolution have been used to define substrate binding in recombinant soybean cystolic ascorbate peroxidase (rsAPX), which catalyses the hydrogen peroxide-dependent oxidation of ascorbate in plants. (le.ac.uk)
- This structure provides new rationalization of the unusual functional features of the related cytochrome c peroxidase enzyme, and a mechanism for electron transfer from the substrate to the heme has been prepared (Chapter 3). (le.ac.uk)
- This isozyme is the most abundant, is ubiquitously expressed and localized in the cytoplasm, and whose preferred substrate is hydrogen peroxide. (nih.gov)
Ascorbate peroxidases5
- Class I. Peroxidase of prokaryotic origin: - Plant ascorbate peroxidases. (expasy.org)
- Ascorbate peroxidases and cytochrome C peroxidases. (unl.edu)
- Ascorbate peroxidases are a subgroup of heme-dependent peroxidases of the plant superfamily that share a heme prosthetic group and catalyze a multistep oxidative reaction involving hydrogen peroxide as the electron acceptor. (unl.edu)
- Along with related catalase-peroxidases, ascorbate peroxidases belong to class I of the plant superfamily. (unl.edu)
- Ascorbate peroxidases are found in the chloroplasts and/or cytosol of algae and plants, where they have been shown to control the concentration of lethal hydrogen peroxide molecules. (unl.edu)
Metabolism2
- M. Kathiresan and A.M. English ( 2016 ) Targeted proteomics identify metabolism-dependent interactors of yeast cytochrome c peroxidase: Implications in stress response and heme trafficking , Metallomics 8 , 434 -443. (concordia.ca)
- But when oxygen concentration surpasses the air saturation level, reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O 2 -) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), accumulate as byproducts of aerobic metabolism [ 4 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Catalase-peroxidases3
- Prokaryotic catalase-peroxidases. (expasy.org)
- Class I includes intracellular peroxidases present in fungi, plants, archaea and bacteria, called catalase-peroxidases, that can exhibit both catalase and broad-spectrum peroxidase activities depending on the steady-state concentration of hydrogen peroxide. (unl.edu)
- Catalase-peroxidases are typically comprised of two homologous domains that probably arose via a single gene duplication event. (unl.edu)
Plant peroxidases3
- Classical secretory plant peroxidases: - Plant peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7). (expasy.org)
- Heme-dependent peroxidases similar to plant peroxidases. (unl.edu)
- Class II includes ligninase and other extracellular fungal peroxidases, while class III is comprised of classic extracellular plant peroxidases, like horseradish peroxidase. (unl.edu)
Yeast1
- M. Kathiresan, D.Martins and A.M. English ( 2014 ) Respiration triggers heme transfer from cytochrome c peroxidase to catalase in yeast mitochondria , Proc. (concordia.ca)
Eosinophil peroxidase2
- Eosinophil peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7 ) (EPO). (expasy.org)
- Moreover, in these cells an intracellular reduction of eosinophil peroxidase was observed. (utwente.nl)
Electron2
- 1 ] carry out a variety of biosynthetic and degradative functions using hydrogen peroxide as the electron acceptor. (expasy.org)
- 2). In aerobic organisms that produce energy mainly through Some kinetoplastids that parasitize insects obtain heme from their oxidative phosphorylation, most of the synthesized heme is used bacterial endosymbionts, which can be eliminated by antibiotic for the formation of the cytochromes functioning in the electron treatment, turning these protists into heme auxotrophs (17). (medicinelakex1.com)
Animal peroxidases1
- We also developed two profiles, one specific for the animal peroxidases superfamily and one directed against the plant peroxidase superfamily. (expasy.org)
Fungal peroxidases1
- Secreted fungal peroxidases: - Fungal ligninases. (expasy.org)
Oxygenases2
- Probing structure-function relations in heme-containing oxygenases and peroxidases. (expasy.org)
- Although cytochrome P-450 dependent mixed function oxygenases are important in the activation of arylamines, there are target tissues for arylamines which do not contain these oxygenases. (mun.ca)
Oxidation1
- M. Kathiresan and A.M. English ( 2018 ) LC-MS/MS proteoform profiling exposes cytochrome c peroxidase self-oxidation in mitochondria and functionally important hole hopping from its heme , J. Am. Chem. (concordia.ca)
Proteins2
- retained genes for the last three steps of the pathway, allowing The most abundant group of heme proteins are cytochromes them to synthesize heme from their host-derived precursors (20). (medicinelakex1.com)
- Furthermore, C3G regulated the intrinsic apoptotic pathway-associated proteins, such as proteins belonging to the Bcl-2 family, cytochrome c and caspase-3. (spandidos-publications.com)
Oxygen4
- f) The terminal cytochrome aa 3 is responsi-ble for the final combination of reducing equivalents with molecular oxygen. (biologydiscussion.com)
- SOD catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, which are much less oxidatively reactive. (dojindo.com)
- alkoxy radical) and molecular non-radical forms (H 2 O 2 , hydrogen peroxide and 1 O 2 , singlet oxygen) 7 . (nature.com)
- SOD1 is actually a major cytoplasmic antioxidant enzyme that metabolizes superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide thus providing a defense against oxygen toxicity. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Oxidative stress1
- Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) effectively alleviates heavy metal toxicity in plants and reduces oxidative stress in mammals. (biomedcentral.com)
Horseradish1
- The membrane was washed three times for 5 min at room temperature in TPBS and incubated 30 min at room temperature in horseradish peroxidase conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) (Bio-Rad catalogue no. 170-6515) diluted 1:3000 v/v in TPBS containing 0.2% w/v bovine serum albumin. (cypex.co.uk)
Lipid peroxide2
- Hydroxy radical reacts with lipid to generate lipid peroxide. (dojindo.com)
- The broadly defined ROS consist of nitric oxide (NO) lipid peroxide and ozone (O3). (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Mitochondrial1
- Permeabilization on the outer mitochondrial membrane through apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 linked X (BAX) and/or Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK), or the opening on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) inside the inner mitochondrial membrane top for the release of intrinsic apoptosis-induced elements, for instance cytochrome c, is described to initiate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway (93, 94). (namptinhibitor.com)
Extracellular1
- The effects of PMA activation were indirectly studied in recent experiments employing scavengers of extracellular superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, and support for intracellular NADPH-oxidase activity was obtained. (utwente.nl)
Cyanide2
- c) It is poisoned by cyanide and hydrogen sulfide. (biologydiscussion.com)
- Nitric oxide and cyanide bound rsAPX crystal structures have also been solved to 2.0 A and are used to model the binding of hydrogen peroxide in APX (Chapter 2). (le.ac.uk)
Reaction2
- An other histidine residue (the distal histidine) serves as an acid-base catalyst in the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and the enzyme. (expasy.org)
- Hydroxy radicals, which are produced from superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by the Fenton reaction, cause multiple modifications in DNA. (dojindo.com)
Superfamily1
- The plant peroxidase-like superfamily is found in all three kingdoms of life and carries out a variety of biosynthetic and degradative functions. (unl.edu)
Catalyze the reduction1
- it forms a complex with cytochrome c to catalyze the reduction of hydrogen peroxide to water. (unl.edu)
Chloroplasts1
- They play a key role in hydrogen peroxide removal in the chloroplasts and cytosol of higher plants. (expasy.org)
Molecules1
- e) Cytochrome aa 3 contains 2 molecules of heme A, each having one Fe atom. (biologydiscussion.com)
Intracellular1
- Control measurements with cytochrome b558-deficient neutrophilic granulocytes did not show a reduction of intracellular MPO. (utwente.nl)
Respiration1
- The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis eleganslacks the capacity to synthesize heme but is able to take it from the cytochromes respiration sterols protist bacteria it feeds on (15). (medicinelakex1.com)
NADPH1
- The H2 O2 is produced by a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent enzyme resembling cytochrome-c reductase. (medscape.com)
Sulfide1
- Recent studies revealed that exogenous gaseous signal molecule hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) improve Cd tolerance in plants by reducing oxidative damage. (biomedcentral.com)
Hemoprotein1
- a) Cytochrome oxidase is a hemoprotein widely distributed in plants and animal tissues. (biologydiscussion.com)
Chem2
- E.A. Orabi and A.M. English ( 2018 ) A Simple Additive Potential Model for Simulating Hydrogen Peroxide in Chemical and Biological Systems , J. Chem. (concordia.ca)
- M. Kathiresan and A.M. English ( 2017 ) LC-MS/MS reveals that hole hopping in cytochrome c peroxidaseprotects its heme from oxidative modification by excess H 2 O 2 , Chem. (concordia.ca)
Molecular2
- Thyroperoxidase, a tetrameric protein with a molecular weight of 60 kDa, requires hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2) as an oxidizing agent. (medscape.com)
- Thyroperoxidase, a tetrameric protein with a molecular weight of 60 kDa, requires hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) as an oxidizing agent. (medscape.com)
Isozymes1
- Plants express a large number of isozymes of peroxidases. (expasy.org)
Apoptotic1
- Apoptotic markers of cytochrome c (Cyt c ), Bax, and Bcl-2 were evaluated by RT-PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
Concentration1
- For the best results, modification of the final concentration of TMBZ and hydrogen peroxide may be necessary. (dojindo.com)
Protein1
- D. Martins and A.M. English ( 2015 ) Peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide elicit a similar cellular stress response mediated by the Ccp1 sensor protein, Free Rad. (concordia.ca)
Activity3
- Herein, we demonstrate that cytochrome c (Cyt c ) showed peroxidase activity on IGA as a component of complexes III and IV. (biologists.com)
- The signals of IGA based on peroxidase activity were obtained using enhanced chemiluminescence solution. (biologists.com)
- An Improved Staining Procedure for the Detection of the Peroxidase Activity of Cytochrome p-450 on Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gels. (dojindo.com)
Occurs1
- This is mediated by an enzyme called peroxidase (thyroperoxidase) and occurs at the luminal surface of the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. (medscape.com)
Water1
- Hydrogen peroxide is reduced to water by catalase or glutathione peroxidase. (dojindo.com)