Hydrogen rna replicase. Medical search. Frequent questions

duplex RNA is not an intermediate in RNA synthesis, but an isolation artifact (2). (wikipedia.org)
We report RNA-catalysed RNA synthesis on structured templates when using trinucleotide triphosphates (triplets) as substrates, catalysed by a general and accurate triplet polymerase ribozyme that emerged from in vitro evolution as a mutualistic RNA heterodimer. (elifesciences.org)
The triplets cooperatively invaded and unraveled even highly stable RNA secondary structures, and support non-canonical primer-free and bidirectional modes of RNA synthesis and replication. (elifesciences.org)
It is well known that hydrogen cyanide and formamide can universally be considered as key molecules in prebiotic synthesis. (norcel.net)
It can be answerable for coordinating the cell's actions including cell metabolism, cell development, synthesis of proteins and lipids and generally the cell replica by cell division mechanisms. (e-streetlight.com)
It is a catalytically active ADP-ribose-1″-phosphatase thought to play a role during synthesis of viral subgenomic RNAs thus can be used for drug screening or design. (targetmol.com)
А classical method (the Wenker synthesis) consists of converting а b -amino alcohol into а b -amino hydrogen sulfate, which is cyclized by treatment with strong base. (medmuv.com)
As a result, the loss of RNA synthesis is thought to be a knock-on effect on neighbouring polyprotein components that are critical for replication, as opposed to a genuine effect on viral replication through lack of nsp15 [6]. (insidecorona.net)
One type of RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and the protein synthesis complexes known as ribosomes , others form vital portions of the structure of ribosomes, act as essential carrier molecules for amino acids to be used in protein synthesis, or change which genes are active. (wikidoc.org)
Synthesis of RNA is usually catalyzed by an enzyme - RNA polymerase , using DNA as a template. (wikidoc.org)
The RNA-primed synthesis of DNA demonstrating the template function of the complementary strand parental DNA . (online-sciences.com)

However, some scientists think that before life adopted DNA and proteins, it relied primarily on RNA. (elifesciences.org)
Yet, some RNA strands can also fold to form ribozymes, 3D structures that could have guided life's chemical processes the way proteins do now. (elifesciences.org)
All life on Earth today uses a triplet RNA code to make proteins from DNA, and these experiments showed how RNA triplets might have helped RNA sustain early life forms. (elifesciences.org)
These non-structural proteins form a replicase complex and are responsible for the replication and transcription of the viral genome. (medicilon.com)
The coronavirus replication cycle begins with the translation of the 29-kb positive-strand genomic RNA to produce two large polyprotein species (pp1a and pp1ab), which are subse- quently cleaved to produce 15 or possibly 16 nonstructural proteins (nsp's) (11). (pdfroom.com)
An extensive bioinformatics analysis of the coronavirus replicase proteins by Snijder et al. (pdfroom.com)
The RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the largest RNA genomes among RNA viruses [1], comprised of a replicase gene which encodes non-structural proteins (nsps), structural proteins, and accessory proteins. (insidecorona.net)
Once translated, these polyproteins are cleaved by one of the two encoded proteases (3C-like protease (nsp5) or papain-like-protease (nsp3)) to yield between 15 and 16 non-structural proteins, which assemble into a large membrane-bound replicase complex (RTC). (insidecorona.net)
One of these non-structural proteins is nsp15, a 346 amino acid nidoviral RNA uridylate‐specific and Mn 2+ -dependent [3] endoribonuclease (NendoU). (insidecorona.net)
Enzymes are usually proteins, however CATALYTIC RNA and CATALYTIC DNA molecules have also been identified. (lookformedical.com)
RNA plays several important roles in the processes of translating genetic information from deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) into proteins . (wikidoc.org)

RNA-catalyzed RNA replication is widely believed to have supported a primordial biology. (elifesciences.org)
However, RNA catalysis is dependent upon RNA folding, and this yields structures that can block replication of such RNAs. (elifesciences.org)
To address this apparent paradox, we have re-examined the building blocks used for RNA replication. (elifesciences.org)
Triplet substrates thus resolve a central incongruity of RNA replication, and here allow the ribozyme to synthesise its own catalytic subunit '+' and '-' strands in segments and assemble them into a new active ribozyme. (elifesciences.org)
In the case of AIDS this was for a long time the only way to treat patients, just to stop the replication of the RNA or DNA by. (webofstories.com)
And one possible strategy in fighting viruses is to interfere with the replication mechanism in such a way that one perhaps finds substances that influence replicases or use replicases that are preferred in having a faster rate but making more mistakes, making so many mistakes that the virus. (webofstories.com)
Results of kinase inhibitors on viral RNA replication The immunofluorescence detection of viral capsid protein presented a qualitative indication of no matter whether a given kinase inhibitor affected the initiation of the infection processes leading to viral gene expression. (mirnaassay.com)
Although treatment method with wortmannin could present inhibitory effect on viral capsid expression, it didn't translate right into a signifi cant effect on viral RNA replication. (mirnaassay.com)
Treatment with triciribine, NSC23766, or Y27632 induced higher amounts of RNA replication and did not inhibit the production of viral RNA. (mirnaassay.com)
Papain-like proteinase (PLpro), encoded in nsp3, is responsible for the cleavages of N-terminus of the replicase polyprotein to release Nsp1, Nsp2 and Nsp3, which is essential for correcting virus replication and antagonizing the host's innate immunity. (targetmol.com)
DNA replication is the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule. (wn.com)
The SARS-CoV-2's endoribonuclease (NendoU) nsp15, is an Mn 2+ dependent endoribonuclease specific to uridylate that SARS-CoV-2 uses to avoid the innate immune response by managing the stray RNA generated during replication. (insidecorona.net)
During viral replication, positive-sense RNA is translated to produce the viral replication complex, which replicates the positive-sense RNA to produce negative-sense RNA. (insidecorona.net)
(i) non-enzymatic RNA replication of a hemi-protonated cytosine-rich oligonucleotide, and (ii) specific aminoacylation of tRNA/hairpins through triple helix interactions between the helical aminoacyl stem and a single-stranded aminoacylating ribozyme. (biomedcentral.com)
Ursolic acid has the ability to modulate the activity of main protease (M pro ) that is essential for processing of SARS-CoV2 replicase-transcriptase machinery needed for viral replication and particle assembly. (springeropen.com)
DNA replication begins at specific locations of replication in the cell , and it produces two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule . (online-sciences.com)

The MS2 phage RNA genome comprises a single plus-sense strand encoding 3,569 nucleotides. (politicalespionage.com)
Packaging of the RNA genome by coat protein is initiated by high-specificity binding to a unique site on the RNA, a single stem-loop structure, containing the initiation codon of the gene for the viral replicase. (politicalespionage.com)
The wild-type MS2 bacteriophage contains an RNA genome of approximately 3.6 kb. (politicalespionage.com)
The EEEV virion contains a Between these epizootic periods, EEEV was undetectable single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of 12 kb. (cdc.gov)
The subsequent transition to a DNA genome could have been partly driven by the gradual rise in ocean pH, since DNA has greater stability than RNA at alkaline pH, but not at acidic pH. (biomedcentral.com)

We therefore sought to describe the molecular lated from a subgenomic RNA, 26S, resulting in 5 protein epidemiology of EEEV in New York State during current and products: C, 6K, E1, E2, and E3 ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
The negative-sense RNA then acts as a template to produce new positive-sense genomic RNA and subgenomic RNA. (insidecorona.net)
Subgenomic RNA consists of smaller transcribed sections of RNA produced by initiating transcription in the middle of the template strand (internal initiation), falling off the template strand before reaching the 5' stop codon (premature termination), or by jumping off the template strand and reinitiating transcription further down the template (discontinuous transcription). (insidecorona.net)

Figure 1: RNA Cleavage as performed by nsp15 to give a 2′‐3′ cyclic phosphodiester and 5′‐hydroxyl terminus from an RNA nucleotide phosphodiester from PDB entry 1RNA. (insidecorona.net)
RNA nucleotides contain ribose while DNA contains deoxyribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom), and RNA uses the nucleotide uracil in its composition, instead of thymine which is present in DNA. (wikidoc.org)

He published over 100 papers with topics ranging from hydrogen bridges of nucleic acids to the storage of information in the central nervous system. (webofstories.com)
Chemical shift changes upon the addition of single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs) identified a group of residues that form a positively charged patch on the protein surface as the binding site responsible for the previously reported affinity for nucleic acids. (pdfroom.com)
Ribonucleic acid or RNA is a nucleic acid , consisting of many nucleotides that form a polymer . (wikidoc.org)
Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) are the building blocks of genetic material. (bankofbiology.com)

In this fashion, RNAs can achieve chemical catalysis , like enzymes. (wikidoc.org)

A second consequence of the presence of the 2'-hydroxyl group is that in conformationally flexible regions of an RNA molecule (that is, not involved in formation of a double helix), it can chemically attack the adjacent phosphodiester bond to cleave the backbone. (wikidoc.org)
This is supported by the enhanced stability at acidic pH of not only the RNA phosphodiester bond but also of the aminoacyl-(t)RNA and peptide bonds. (biomedcentral.com)
However, one difficulty with this attractive scenario is the instability of the phosphodiester bond of RNA at alkaline pH [ 10 ] (Figure 1 ), suggesting that RNA is more likely to have evolved in an environment of lower pH. (biomedcentral.com)
The RNA phosphodiester bond is most stable at pH 4-5 at 90°C . Hydrolysis of the dinucleoside 3',5'-UpU at 90°C as a function of pH. (biomedcentral.com)

5,6 Characterization of RNA-solution interactions is thus essential to provide a comprehensive description of stable RNA configurations, especially when considering the complex mixture of ions, cosolutes, and crowding agents present in intracellular environments where RNA molecules fold. (aip.org)
G ) Simulation runs with montelukast show stable root mean square deviation (RMSD) values for all replica throughout all molecular dynamic simulation trajectories for 500 ns. (elifesciences.org)
These hydroxyl groups make RNA less stable than DNA because it is more prone to hydrolysis . (wikidoc.org)
However, RNA is most stable at pH 4-5 and is unstable at alkaline pH, raising the possibility that RNA may have first arisen in the acidic ocean itself (possibly near an acidic hydrothermal vent), acidic volcanic lake or comet pond. (biomedcentral.com)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel evolutionary divergent RNA virus, is responsible for the present devastating COVID-19 pandemic. (nature.com)
A 3V armored L-RNA of 2,248 bases containing six gene fragments-hepatitis C virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV1, SARS-CoV2, and SARS-CoV3), avian influenza virus matrix gene (M300), and H5N1 avian influenza virus (HA300)-was successfully expressed by the two-plasmid coexpression system and was demonstrated to have all of the characteristics of armored RNA. (politicalespionage.com)
Nsp15 is conserved across coronavirus family members [6], to the point where it has been proposed as a universal genetic marker to distinguish nidoviruses [7] from all other RNA virus families. (insidecorona.net)
SARS-CoV-2 as a positive-sense single-stranded RNA coronavirus caused the global outbreak of COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)

The viral RNA produces two polyproteins: pp1a and pp1ab through ribosome frameshift. (medicilon.com)

Secondly, while DNA contains deoxyribose , RNA contains ribose , (there is no hydroxyl group attached to the pentose ring in the 2' position in DNA, whereas RNA has two hydroxyl groups). (wikidoc.org)

Not remarkably, drugs that didn't inhibit viral gene expression-inhibitors of MAPK p38s, JNK, Akt, and PKA -had no measurable result within the extent of viral RNA replica tion. (mirnaassay.com)
This process produces short and long double-stranded RNA intermediates with polyuridine tracts at the 5′ end which can be recognized by pattern recognition receptors in the host cell such as RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), protein kinase R (PKR), oligoadenylate synthases (OASes), and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5). (insidecorona.net)
The concept of an RNA world - an early stage of evolution where RNA functioned as both gene and catalyst - has wide, though certainly not unanimous, support among those who study the origin of life. (biomedcentral.com)

For early life to be built on RNA, though, this molecule must have had the ability to make copies of itself. (elifesciences.org)
The phosphate groups have a negative charge each at physiological pH, making RNA a charged molecule. (wikidoc.org)
First, unlike DNA which is double-stranded, RNA is a single-stranded molecule in most of its biological roles and has a much shorter chain of nucleotides. (wikidoc.org)

1-3 Even the simplest ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules have been observed to adopt an ensemble of configurations 4 and both experimental and computational studies have shown that a complex solution of cosolutes can have a profound effect on the relative populations of that ensemble. (aip.org)

Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we model a monovalent salt species (KCL) at high concentrations (0.1-3 m ) and calculate the equilibrium distributions of water and ions around a small tetraloop-forming RNA oligomer in a variety of structural arrangements: folded A-RNA (canonical) and Z-RNA (non-canonical) tetraloops and unfolded configurations. (aip.org)
Furthermore, these results provide valuable insights into the distributions of water and ions near the RNA oligomer surface as a function of structural configuration. (aip.org)
RNA is very similar to DNA, but differs in a few important structural details: RNA is usually single stranded, while DNA is usually double stranded. (wikidoc.org)
The most important structural feature of RNA, that distinguishes it from DNA is the presence of a hydroxyl group at the 2'-position of the ribose sugar. (wikidoc.org)
Structural analysis of these RNAs have revealed that they are highly structured. (wikidoc.org)
Structural basis for inactivation of PRC2 by G-quadruplex RNA. (ucsf.edu)

Armored RNA is a complex of MS2 bacteriophage coat protein and RNA produced in Escherichia coli by the induction of an expression plasmid that encodes the bacteriophage sequence consisting of the maturase, the coat protein, the pac site, and an exogenous RNA sequence. (politicalespionage.com)

DNA polymerases require the presence of a primer (i.e. oligonucleotide of RNA with free 3´ hydroxyl group), a template (i.e single-stranded DNA), and deoxyribonucleotides (d ATP , d CTP, d GTP, and d TTP) in order to function. (online-sciences.com)

An early RNA replicase probably would not have a built-in way of differentiating between a replicase or non-replicase sequence, and as a result, will make a copy of any RNA that happens to be close by. (exploringorigins.org)
Using three-letter 'triplet' building blocks, this new ribozyme can copy various folded RNA strands, including the active part of its own sequence. (elifesciences.org)
Armored L-RNA is a complex of MS2 bacteriophage coat protein and RNA produced in Escherichia coli by the induction of a two-plasmid coexpression system in which the coat protein and maturase are expressed from one plasmid and the target RNA sequence with modified MS2 stem-loop (pac site) is transcribed from another plasmid. (politicalespionage.com)
The armored RNA contains approximately 1.7 kb of bacteriophage RNA sequence encoding the maturase, the coat protein, and the pac site. (politicalespionage.com)

Hydrogen bonding is a weak force that forms a special type of dipole-dipole attraction, when hydrogen atoms occurs when bonding to another electronegative atom with a lone pair of electrons present in a strongly electronegative atom. (computabio.com)
Hydrogen atoms are not shown. (wikidoc.org)

To date no validation has been performed by the authorship based on isolated SARS-CoV-2 viruses or full length RNA thereof. (constitutionwatch.com.au)
RNA is the genetic material in some viruses. (bankofbiology.com)

The genes are organized from the 5′ end as follows: the maturase or A protein, the bacteriophage coat protein, a 75-amino-acid lysis protein, and a replicase subunit. (politicalespionage.com)
The basic elements of amino acids are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen, although other elements are also found in the side chains of certain amino acids. (computabio.com)
It fit well into the active site cavity of the enzyme by forming hydrogen bonds with adjacent amino acid residues in molecular docking studies. (bvsalud.org)

RNA is transcribed from DNA by enzymes called RNA polymerases and is generally further processed by other enzymes, some of them guided by non-coding RNAs . (wikidoc.org)

This method produces recombinant virus-like particles that are noninfectious and contain predefined RNA ( 2 - 6 , 8 , 11 , 12 , 15 , 16 , 28 ). (politicalespionage.com)

It includes Cytosine (C), Thymine (T-only in DNA) & Uracil (U-only in RNA). (bankofbiology.com)

RNase-resistant, noninfectious virus-like particles containing exogenous RNA sequences (armored RNA) are good candidates as RNA controls and standards in RNA virus detection. (politicalespionage.com)

However, the length of RNA packaged in the virus-like particles with high efficiency is usually less than 500 bases. (politicalespionage.com)
There are also numerous modified bases and sugars found in RNA that serve many different roles. (wikidoc.org)
All these pairing are transient, owing to the weakness of hydrogen bonding between the few bases in the sticky ends, but they can be stabilized by use of an enzyme, DNA ligase, in a process termed ligation. (biologydiscussion.com)

For instance, determination of the structure of the ribosome - an enzyme that catalyzes peptide bond formation - revealed that its active site is composed entirely of RNA. (wikidoc.org)

Our last step is to apply manual screening to the top 100 compounds, where these compounds were extracted for further analyzing the interactions between ligand and active site such as hydrogen-bond, electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic effect, π-π stacking, and Cation-π Interaction, etc., and whether the structure of ligand has enough rigidity (especially for protein-protein interaction in RBD-ACE2 system, i.e. rotatable quantity of bonds). (targetmol.com)

By contrast, canonical A-RNA structures consistently show the lowest accumulations for all ion species. (aip.org)
For example, these triplets work together to bind tightly to RNA strands and unravel structures that block RNA copying. (elifesciences.org)

Primordial soup or vinaigrette: did the RNA world evolve at acidic pH? (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, the extensively folded nature of MS2 RNA ( 22 ) may make it particularly suitable for uptake into the confines of a small capsid. (politicalespionage.com)
Like DNA, most biologically active RNAs including tRNA, rRNA, snRNAs and other non-coding RNAs are extensively base paired to form double stranded helices. (wikidoc.org)

2023 . Acute avoidance of hydrogen sulfide is modulated by external and internal states in C. elegans. (henlab.org)

Our findings show that all-atom molecular dynamics can describe the equilibrium distributions of monovalent salt in the presence of small RNA oligomers at KCL concentrations where ion correlation effects become important. (aip.org)

Research has shown that some minerals can catalyze the stepwise formation of hydrocarbon tails of fatty acids from hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases -- gases that may have been released from hydrothermal vents. (exploringorigins.org)
Once the back is used, the Replica Jaquet Droz Watches white coating fake rolex copy usa selects carbon fibers to create this unique replica Jaquet Droz moment. (informationwatches.com)

8,9 therefore, understanding the interactions of RNA oligomers with ions and solvent is important. (aip.org)
Cells taken care of with genistein, staurosporine, U0126, and LY294002 contained substantially reduce amounts of viral RNA than cells taken care of using the solvent alone, consist ent with the finding that these drugs had been inhibitory to the expression of viral capsid. (mirnaassay.com)

lineage I consists of highly con- subclades tended to contain southern strains that had been served strains from North America, and lineages II-IV en- isolated before genetically similar northern strains, suggest- compass strains from Central and South America ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)

It is RdRp that makes the copies, by processing components of the RNA of the virus. (optimizeias.com)
SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. (medicilon.com)
We evaluated the 3V armored L-RNA as a calibrator for multiple virus assays. (politicalespionage.com)
In conclusion, the approach we used for armored L-RNA preparation is practical and could reduce the labor and cost of quality control in multiplex RNA virus assays. (politicalespionage.com)

When RNA is copied, one strand acts as a template, and a replicase ribozyme would accurately guide which letters are added to the strand under construction. (elifesciences.org)
Until now, the best approaches have assumed that a replicase would add building blocks formed of a single letter one by one to grow a new strand. (elifesciences.org)

In this apparent paradox, a ribozyme needs to fold to copy RNA, but when folded, is itself copied poorly. (elifesciences.org)
We used the WHO International Standard for HCV RNA (NIBSC 96/790) to calibrate the chimeric armored L-RNA, which was diluted by 10-fold serial dilutions to obtain samples containing 10 6 to 10 2 copies. (politicalespionage.com)

2018 . Single-cell RNA-sequencing resolves self-antigen expression during mTEC development. (henlab.org)

this has led scientists to try to artificially create RNA replicase ribozymes that could copy themselves. (elifesciences.org)
Yet, although ribozymes can be made to copy straight RNA templates this way, folded RNA templates - including the replicase ribozyme itself - impede copying. (elifesciences.org)

The ability of RNA to form protonated base pairs and triples at acidic pH suggests that standard base pairing may not have been a dominant requirement of the early RNA world. (biomedcentral.com)

Biochemical techniques were used to engineer a ribozyme that copies RNA strands by adding letters not one-by-one, but three-by-three. (elifesciences.org)

Monovalent salt solutions have strongly coupled interactions with biopolymers, from large polyelectrolytes to small RNA oligomers. (aip.org)

The pilot was 2nd Lt. Vincent Waterfall and his navigator Lt Charles George Gordon Bayly (both of 5 Sqn RFC) The RNAS used four 504s to form a special flight in order to bomb the Zeppelin works at Friedrichshafen on the shores of Lake Constance. (raafdocumentary.com)

The black and Jaquet Droz replica watches white panda contrast is easier. (informationwatches.com)

Why are membranes so important for the RNA World ? (exploringorigins.org)
The 2014 NoR HGT & LUCA meeting was entitled: "the routes of emergence of life from LUCA during the RNA and viral world" and was held at the University of Leeds, UK, October 2014. (norcel.net)
Small numbers of early aircraft were purchased both by the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) prior to the start of World War I, and were taken to France when the war started. (raafdocumentary.com)
The RNA world concept has wide, though certainly not unanimous, support within the origin-of-life scientific community. (biomedcentral.com)
We propose that RNA is well suited for a world evolving at acidic pH. (biomedcentral.com)
Pfizer and Moderna have also inserted an artificial nucleoside in the vaccine's RNA called Pseudouridylyl or "Psi" for short, which is completely not from this world. (forbiddenknowledgetv.net)

Nsp16 provides the viral mRNA with the ability to camouflage and obscure itself from the host cell by catalyzing methylation on m7GpppA-RNA, thus preventing recognition and activation of the host immune response which is essential for successful viral infection. (targetmol.com)

Furthermore, we can assign the chimeric armored RNA with an international unit for quantitative detection. (politicalespionage.com)

Bidental interaction at the active site, along with an extended hydrogen-bond lifetime, explained the enhanced activity of the epoxides. (bvsalud.org)

The notes from [sic] an F Sharp chord, which according to ancient Egyptian texts were the harmonic replica rolex datejust orologi of our planet. (gizapyramid.com)
Now, I don t mean to imply that every replica rolex gmt master ii celestial body in the Universe is tuned to F#. (gizapyramid.com)

This duplication is a chemical reaction that could be driven by an 'RNA replicase' ribozyme. (elifesciences.org)
Chemical structure of RNA. (wikidoc.org)

family Togaviridae ) is maintained in an en- in the Big Bay-Toad Harbor Swamp complex in Oswego zootic cycle between ornithophilic mosquitoes and birds. (cdc.gov)

High salt concentrations have been known to induce transitions in the structure of RNA, producing non-canonical configurations and even driving RNA to precipitate out of solution. (aip.org)
From these data, we calculate the ion preferential binding coefficients and Donnan coefficients for the RNA oligomer as a function of concentration and structure. (aip.org)

S has used by a softer book Proyectos, formulación evaluación y control short and larger are accessible linkages( MSD), which would understand single pages banned for speed and create RNA information. (studiobmastering.com)

In order to extra quantita tively measure the result of your medication on viral propagation, the quantity of viral RNA developed during the cells at 24 hpi in the presence hop over to this website or absence of the medicines was mea sured by quantitative actual time RT PCR. (mirnaassay.com)
Also, SARS-CoV-2 (the mathematical model) contains a replica of human chromosome 8, which means that the WHO's PCR test kits should find a positive result in all humans tested. (forbiddenknowledgetv.net)

Based on Donnan coefficient calculations, the net charge of the solution at the surface of the RNA decreases linearly as a function of salt concentration and becomes net-neutral near 2.5-3 m KCL for folded configurations, while unfolded configurations still show a positive solution charge. (aip.org)

2015 . Single Cell RNA-Sequencing of Pluripotent States Unlocks Modular Transcriptional Variation. (henlab.org)

In this study, we describe a method for producing armored L-RNA. (politicalespionage.com)

Anatomy2

Organisms21

Chemicals and Drugs31

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes20

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Synthesis11

Proteins11

Replication16

Genome5

Subgenomic3

Nucleotide2

Nucleic4

Catalysis1

Phosphodiester bond4

Stable4

Coronavirus4

Pp1a and pp1ab1

Deoxyribose1

Gene3

Molecule3

Ribonucleic1

Structural6

Encodes1

Hydroxyl group1

Sequence4

Atoms2

Viruses2

Amino3

Enzymes1

Produces1

Thymine1

Sequences1

Bases3

Enzyme1

Protein1

Structures2

Primordial1

Extensively2

20231

Molecular1

Carbon2

Solvent2

Consists1

Virus4

Strand2

Fold2

20181

Ribozymes2

Base pairs1

Copies1

Interactions1

Form1

Contrast1

World6

Immune response1

Detection1

Active site1

Rolex2

Chemical2

Complex1

Structure2

Create1

Result2

Surface1

Single1

Describe1