• traces of hydrogen cyanide. (europa.eu)
  • More than 200 of these are known poisons, such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and methyl isocyanate. (ochsner.org)
  • The World War I gas was being used to produce methyl-isocyanate (MIC), a chemical 500 times deadlier than hydrogen cyanide, so volatile that unless kept in spotless conditions and refrigerated to 0˚C, it can even react explosively with itself. (bhopal.net)
  • Faulty valves allowed about 40 tonnes of a lethal cocktail of gases, including methyl isocyanate, hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide, to leak from a tank in the plant in Madhya Pradesh on December 3, 1984. (bhopal.net)
  • Shortly after, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) detected hydrogen cyanide and benzene, as well as other hazardous chemicals, in the air. (crossenlawfirm.com)
  • In addition to this delayed effect, breathing in high doses of hydrogen cyanide can be fatal. (crossenlawfirm.com)
  • They react with cyanide compounds to release gaseous hydrogen cyanide. (noaa.gov)
  • image: ALMA has observed stars like the Sun at a very early stage in their formation and found traces of methyl isocyanate -- a chemical building block of life. (eurekalert.org)
  • This image shows the spectacular region of star formation where methyl isocyanate was found. (eurekalert.org)
  • Two teams of astronomers have harnessed the power of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array ( ALMA ) in Chile to detect the prebiotic complex organic molecule methyl isocyanate [1] in the multiple star system IRAS 16293-2422. (eurekalert.org)
  • Following the discovery of sugars, we've now found methyl isocyanate. (eurekalert.org)
  • Each team identified and isolated the signatures of the complex organic molecule methyl isocyanate [4]. (eurekalert.org)
  • The new results from ALMA show that methyl isocyanate gas surrounds each of these young stars. (eurekalert.org)
  • Our laboratory experiments show that methyl isocyanate can indeed be produced on icy particles under very cold conditions that are similar to those in interstellar space This implies that this molecule -- and thus the basis for peptide bonds -- is indeed likely to be present near most new young solar-type stars. (eurekalert.org)
  • Methyl isocyanate contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the chemical configuration CH3NCO. (eurekalert.org)
  • The amount of methyl isocyanate they detected -- the abundance -- with respect to molecular hydrogen and other tracers is comparable to previous detections around two high-mass protostars (i.e. within the massive hot molecular cores of Orion KL and Sagittarius B2. (eurekalert.org)
  • In the six-cycle experiments (at the rear instructor location), OSB-fueled fires produced the highest median concentrations of benzene and 1,3 butadiene, plywood-fueled fires produced the highest total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations, particle board-fueled fires produced the highest methyl isocyanate concentrations, and pallet-fueled fires produced the highest hydrogen chloride concentrations. (cdc.gov)
  • Apparatus for hydrogen chloride electrolysis, comprising a cathode that has a layer of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes having functional groups containing nitrogen. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrode chamber (B) is provided with a feed line (4) for hydrochloric acid or a gas containing hydrogen chloride. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • [0001] The invention relates to an apparatus for the electrolysis of hydrogen chloride, which comprises an oxygen-consuming gas diffusion electrode based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs). (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • [0002] Considerable quantities of aqueous hydrogen chloride solutions are obtained in the chemical industry. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • carbon dioxide chloramine chlorine chloracetophenone chlorobenzylidene-malonitrile fluorine hydrogen chloride isocyanates nitrogen dioxide , chlorine, and sulfur dioxide. (revivemedicalny.com)
  • A series of carbamate derivatives was prepared in reaction of an alkaloid and the corresponding isocyanate or carbamoyl chloride. (unizg.hr)
  • Phenyl- and cyclohexyl- isocyanate were used as well as diethyl-, diphenyl- and dimethylcarbamoyl chloride. (unizg.hr)
  • Substances that are, at times, created or used industry that contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine are chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds. (reportsanddata.com)
  • HDI, particularly those such as hydrolysis, which involve reaction with active hydrogen compounds and addition to the carbon-nitrogen double bond of the highly reactive isocyanate group. (cdc.gov)
  • Examples of compounds that may cause sensitization in some individuals are diazomethane, various isocyanates, formaldehyde, and benzylic and allylic halides. (unr.edu)
  • C., in the presence of hydrogen gas or hydrogen-containing compounds to form nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs),e. discharge of the nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) from the fluidized bed. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • Related compounds are used in gas purification, e.g. removal of hydrogen sulfide from sour gas streams. (atamanchemicals.com)
  • Hydrogen fluoride can be released when other fluoride-containing compounds such as ammonium fluoride are combined with water. (cdc.gov)
  • The three hydrogen atoms on a carbon atom with a hydroxyl group can be oxidized, orderly generating formaldehyde, formic acid, and carbon dioxide. (chemicalbook.com)
  • The significant portion of phosgene is to produce isocyanates, the most essential being methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI). (reportsanddata.com)
  • Hydrogen fluoride is a chemical compound that contains fluorine. (cdc.gov)
  • When hydrogen fluoride is dissolved in water, it may be called hydrofluoric acid. (cdc.gov)
  • Sixty percent of the hydrogen fluoride used in manufacturing is for processes to make refrigerants. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen fluoride is also used for etching glass and metal. (cdc.gov)
  • In a natural disaster, you could be exposed to high levels of hydrogen fluoride when storage facilities or containers are damaged and the chemical is released. (cdc.gov)
  • You could be exposed to hydrogen fluoride if it is used as a chemical terrorism agent. (cdc.gov)
  • If you work in an occupation that uses hydrogen fluoride, you may be exposed to this chemical in the workplace. (cdc.gov)
  • You may be exposed to hydrogen fluoride as part of a hobby. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen fluoride goes easily and quickly through the skin and into the tissues in the body. (cdc.gov)
  • The seriousness of poisoning caused by hydrogen fluoride depends on the amount, route, and length of time of exposure, as well as the age and preexisting medical condition of the person exposed. (cdc.gov)
  • Breathing hydrogen fluoride can damage lung tissue and cause swelling and fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary edema). (cdc.gov)
  • Skin contact with hydrogen fluoride may cause severe burns that develop after several hours and form skin ulcers. (cdc.gov)
  • Swallowing only a small amount of highly concentrated hydrogen fluoride will affect major internal organs and may be fatal. (cdc.gov)
  • Breathing in hydrogen fluoride at high levels or in combination with skin contact can cause death from an irregular heartbeat or from fluid buildup in the lungs. (cdc.gov)
  • Even small splashes of high-concentration hydrogen fluoride products on the skin can be fatal. (cdc.gov)
  • Skin contact with hydrogen fluoride may not cause immediate pain or visible skin damage(signs of exposure). (cdc.gov)
  • Often, patients exposed to low concentrations of hydrogen fluoride on the skin do not show effects or experience pain immediately. (cdc.gov)
  • Showing these signs and symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has been exposed to hydrogen fluoride. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to hydrogen fluoride can result in severe electrolyte problems. (cdc.gov)
  • People who survive after being severely injured by breathing in hydrogen fluoride may suffer lingering chronic lung disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Skin damage caused by concentrated hydrogen fluoride may take a long time to heal and may result in severe scarring. (cdc.gov)
  • Fingertip injuries from hydrogen fluoride may result in persistent pain, bone loss, and injury to the nail bed. (cdc.gov)
  • Eye exposure to hydrogen fluoride may cause prolonged or permanent visual defects, blindness, or total destruction of the eye. (cdc.gov)
  • Swallowing hydrogen fluoride can damage the esophagus and stomach. (cdc.gov)
  • First, if the hydrogen fluoride was released into the air, get fresh air by leaving the area where the chemical was released. (cdc.gov)
  • If the hydrogen fluoride release was outside, move away from the area where the chemical was released. (cdc.gov)
  • If the hydrogen fluoride release occurred indoors, get out of the building. (cdc.gov)
  • If you are near a release of fluorine or hydrogen fluoride, emergency coordinators may tell you either to evacuate the area or "shelter in place" inside a building to avoid being exposed to the chemical. (cdc.gov)
  • In her doctoral dissertation, R&D Manager Soilikki Kotanen is currently studying how polyurethane adhesives can be manufactured without isocyanate, using chemicals made from carbon dioxide. (kiilto.com)
  • Isocyanates are highly reactive chemicals of low- products of even greater complexity. (cdc.gov)
  • Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. (bvsalud.org)
  • 10,11-dihydrocinchonidine was prepared by a transfer catalytic hydrogenation of cinchonidine over a palladium on carbon catalyst using ammonium formate as hydrogen donor. (unizg.hr)
  • The main component is isocyanate terminated polyurethane prepolymer. (ancham.com)
  • According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), exposure to some of the main ingredients of polyurethane foam - isocyanates - can cause a range of negative health effects, including asthma, lung damage and respiratory problems and damage and skin and eye irritation. (amcairlines.com)
  • Tp* 2 U(NBn), Tp* 2 U(N p -Tol), and Tp* 2 U(Ndetp), along with previously reported Tp* 2 U(NPh) and Tp* 2 U(NAd) (Ad = 1-adamantyl), readily undergo [2π+2π] cycloaddition with isocyanates and isothiocyanates to generate κ 2 -ureato and κ 2 -thioureato derivatives, respectively. (acs.org)
  • Isocyanates and isothiocyanates / 18. (itech.fr)
  • Urea is in equilibrium with cyanate and isocyanate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Isocyanates are classified based on the number of N=C=O more aromatic rings) or saturated (aliphatic and alicyclic), groups in the molecule into monoisocyanates (one NCO), the term aliphatic isocyanate referring to saturated isocya- diisocyanate monomers (two NCO), or polyisocyanates nates. (cdc.gov)
  • The diisocyanate monomers are important commercially the most important aromatic isocyanates, because the two NCO groups allow them to undergo direct whereas 1,6-HDI, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), methyle- polymerization reactions with alcohols to form polyur- nedicyclohexyl diisocyanate (HMDI), and their higher ethanes, in addition to enabling prepolymerization reactions polymers are the most important aliphatic isocyanates. (cdc.gov)
  • This article reports a possible functionalization mechanism of isocyanate (NCO) groups on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with low-temperature plasma. (aip.org)
  • ChEBI: 2-diethylaminoethanol is a member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups. (lookchem.com)
  • However, its manufacturing process requires isocyanates, exposure to which creates a health hazard that can result in occupational asthma. (kiilto.com)
  • Background Determination of polyisocyanates is important because they are a major contributor of exposure to the isocyanate functional group in many workplace environments and are capable of inducing sensitization and asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • However, with multiple different measurement metrics in use, comparison of isocyanate exposure data between studies and development of occupational exposure limits (OELs) for polyisocyanates is difficult. (cdc.gov)
  • The term exp- assessment of isocyanate exposure for epidemiological osure metric has a broad meaning and can include a number research, clinical studies, and the development of isocyanate of parameters such as sampling strategy (species measured, units of measurement, sampling type and duration), analy- tical methodology (accuracy and precision), and the 1Work Environment Department, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachu- relevance to health effects of interest. (cdc.gov)
  • Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. (guidechem.com)
  • These materials react with active metals, including such structural metals as aluminum and iron, to release hydrogen, a flammable gas. (noaa.gov)
  • Results This analysis supports a need for standardization of isocyanate measurement metrics and provides a framework for the development of an OEL for polyisocyanates. (cdc.gov)
  • It has excellent adhesion with materials containing active hydrogen, such as porous materials such as wood, leather, fabric, paper and ceramics, and surface cleaning materials such as plastics, metals, glass and rubber. (ancham.com)
  • Active hydrogen / 9. (itech.fr)
  • Conclusions The total isocyanate group (mg NCO/m3) is recommended as the most feasible and practical metric (unit) by which to express polyisocyanate exposures for research, control, and regulatory purposes. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen-fired steam boilers will have a burner capacity of more than 20 MW and will be able to produce 30 tonnes of steam per hour. (eurochlor.org)
  • Pur adhesive is an urethane group (- nhcoo -) or isocyanate group (- NCO) containing polarity and chemical activity in its molecular structure. (ancham.com)
  • In the research led by VTT, carbon dioxide and hydrogen extracted from air are used to make various raw materials for the manufacture of adhesives, for example. (kiilto.com)
  • It has been possible to make raw materials from hydrogen and carbon dioxide already before, but the manufacturing process has been unviable because it has created more carbon dioxide than it captures. (kiilto.com)