SolventsAromaticPentaneHeptaneTolueneAliphatic hydrocarbonBenzeneGasolineVolatileAlkanesMixtureInhalationMixturesExtractCrudeGluesSolventMeasurementIsomers2022ExposureHydrogenAbsorptionCarbon atomsVaporsLiquidMolecularToxicityMethylSimplestRefersViscositySpillOilsConventionalTypicallyForecastSeparationDetectorGrease
Solvents11
- Hexane has considerable vapor pressure at room temperature: Like most alkanes, hexane characteristically exhibits low reactivity and are suitable solvents for reactive compounds. (wikipedia.org)
- Most of the n -Hexane used in industry is mixed with similar chemicals called solvents. (cdc.gov)
- The major use for solvents containing n-Hexane is to extract vegetable oils from crops such as soybeans. (cdc.gov)
- Organic solvents recognized as neurotoxins include n-hexane, tetrachloroethylene, and toluene. (cdc.gov)
- It exhibits a low melting point, high flammability, and miscibility with other hydrocarbons and organic solvents. (imarcgroup.com)
- Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are developing as an alternate medium for aromatic extraction, especially benzene and thiophene from aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures. (aiche.org)
- The 1H NMR and 2D 1Hâ 1H-NOESY were used to investigate the intermolecular interactions between benzene, thiophene, and n-hexane with monoethanolamine-based solvents. (aiche.org)
- This project aims to determine the potential of NMR to sense the environment felt by CO 2 and small hydrocarbons in ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DES). (qub.ac.uk)
- The first aim of this project is to perform 1 H, 13 C and 2D NMR of solutes such as CO 2 and small hydrocarbons (gases and liquids such as CH 4 , ethane, ethene, hexane, hexene) in a variety of common laboratory solvents. (qub.ac.uk)
- http://lxsrv7.oru.edu/~alang/onsc/solubility/allsolvents.php?solute=capsaicin ) and many chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents (e.g. chloroform) are teratogenic and/or mutagenic. (thehotpepper.com)
- There have been concerns about halogenated solvents for some time, too, and pressure is now building now on various common hydrocarbon solvents, such as hexane and toluene. (chemistryworld.com)
Aromatic12
- The SPME fiber coupled with gas chromatograph (GC) is then used to extract polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), anilines, phenols, and alkanes from standard and real water samples, and exhibits high selectivity for PAHs. (who.int)
- Hydrocarbons can be divided into saturated, unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. (conservapedia.com)
- Moreover, the obtained MNPs showed the specific extraction efficiency to organic pollutant, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, while superparamagnetic property of the MNPs facilitated the convenient separation of MNPs from the bulks water samples. (hindawi.com)
- MNPs coated with ionic liquid were applied to preconcentrate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water samples through forming mixed hemimicelles on the surface of MNPs. (hindawi.com)
- This new methodology was successfully validated using water contaminated with a variety of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. (magritek.com)
- PAHs, phenols, and other aromatic hydrocarbons. (edocr.com)
- Hazardous decomposition Carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and numerous aromatic hydrocarbons. (edocr.com)
- Aromatic hydrocarbons , also known as arenes , which are hydrocarbons that have at least one aromatic ring . (wikipedia.org)
- 10% of total nonmethane organic carbon emission are aromatic hydrocarbons from the exhaust of gasoline-powered vehicles. (wikipedia.org)
- The term 'aliphatic' refers to non-aromatic hydrocarbons. (wikipedia.org)
- An analytical method for the determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the mainstream of narghile smoke is presented. (who.int)
- Food can be contaminated by PAHs because of the contamination of air, water or soil, and during industrial process, as heating, drying and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of over 200 smoking process. (bvsalud.org)
Pentane2
- Therefore the elution order is: Pentane, hexane, heptane and then octane. (gradesaver.com)
- We use an automated system to analyse light hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane and hexane) to the limits of reporting. (industry.gov.au)
Heptane1
- It is a volatile, flammable mixture of hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, and octane derived from petroleum primarily used as a fuel for internal combustion in engines. (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
Toluene2
- For the GuLF STUDY, we developed quantitative estimates of oil-related chemical exposures [total petroleum hydrocarbons (THC), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene , and n-hexane (BTEX-H)] from personal measurements on workers performing various spill clean-up operations on land. (cdc.gov)
- SECTION 6 - HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Route of Entry Eye Hazardous Contact Eye Skin absorption (benzene, n-hexane, toluene) Skin contact Inhalation Ingestion Acute exposure Headache, nausea, dizziness and other symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) depression. (edocr.com)
Aliphatic hydrocarbon2
- N-hexane (C6H14) is a volatile aliphatic hydrocarbon that is obtained as a byproduct of crude oil refining and natural gas processing. (imarcgroup.com)
- Carbon-carbon bond cleavage reactions, adapted to deconstruct aliphatic hydrocarbon polymers and recover the intrinsic energy and carbon value in plastic waste, have typically been catalysed by metal nanoparticles or air-sensitive organometallics. (nature.com)
Benzene3
- In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were first used to investigate the solvation structure of benzene, thiophene, and n-hexane in monoethanolamine-based DESs. (aiche.org)
- The solvation of benzene, thiophene, and n-hexane in the deep eutectic solvent depends on volume expansion and minor solvent structural changes. (aiche.org)
- They occur in a diverse range of molecular structures and phases: they can be gases (such as methane and propane ), liquids (such as hexane and benzene ), low melting solids (such as paraffin wax and naphthalene ) or polymers (such as polyethylene and polystyrene ). (wikipedia.org)
Gasoline7
- It is a colorless liquid, odorless when pure, and with boiling points approximately 69 °C (156 °F). It is widely used as a cheap, relatively safe, largely unreactive, and easily evaporated non-polar solvent, and modern gasoline blends contain about 3% hexane. (wikipedia.org)
- Like gasoline, hexane is highly volatile and is an explosion risk. (wikipedia.org)
- The majority of intoxication reports of hydrocarbons are due to inhalation or ingestion, but a few case reports have described intravenous ingestion of gasoline for suicide. (medscape.com)
- Several consumer products contain n -Hexane, such as gasoline, quick-drying glues used in various hobbies, and rubber cement. (cdc.gov)
- A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by distillation of a gasoline which has been catalytically isomerized. (europa.eu)
- Gasoline refers to a volatile, flammable liquid mix of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum used in fuel internal combustion engines. (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
- Gasoline is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. (edocr.com)
Volatile10
- Hexane and other volatile hydrocarbons (petroleum ether) present an aspiration risk. (wikipedia.org)
- Deliberate inhalation of volatile hydrocarbons for their mood-altering effects is popular among adolescents. (medscape.com)
- Most inhalants are composed of several compounds, and almost all pressurized aerosol products can be abused because the propellants are volatile hydrocarbons. (medscape.com)
- Volatile hydrocarbons are highly lipid soluble and readily cross the blood-brain barrier. (medscape.com)
- In addition to the hydraulic fracturing fluids originally pumped, returned fluids contain volatile hydrocarbons from the formation. (cdc.gov)
- However, less recognized by many employers and workers is that many of the chemicals found in volatile hydrocarbons are acutely toxic at high concentrations. (cdc.gov)
- Volatile hydrocarbons can affect the eyes, breathing, and the nervous system (3,4,5,6,7) and at high concentrations may also affect the heart causing abnormal rhythms (8,9). (cdc.gov)
- Results from initial field studies suggest that certain flowback operations/activities can result in elevated concentrations of volatile hydrocarbons in the work environment that could be acute exposure hazards. (cdc.gov)
- 3) Monitor workers to determine their exposure to volatile hydrocarbons and other contaminants. (cdc.gov)
- 5) Use appropriate respiratory protection in areas where potentially high concentrations of volatile hydrocarbons can occur as an interim measure until engineering controls are implemented. (cdc.gov)
Alkanes6
- The term hexanes refers to a mixture, composed largely (>60%) of n-hexane, with varying amounts of the isomeric compounds 2-methylpentane and 3-methylpentane, and possibly, smaller amounts of nonisomeric C5, C6, and C7 (cyclo)alkanes. (wikipedia.org)
- Higher alkanes present as impurities in hexanes have similar retention times as the solvent, meaning that fractions containing hexane will also contain these impurities. (wikipedia.org)
- In preparative chromatography, concentration of a large volume of hexanes can result in a sample that is appreciably contaminated by alkanes. (wikipedia.org)
- The boiling points of the various hexanes are somewhat similar and, as for other alkanes, are generally lower for the more branched forms. (wikipedia.org)
- The surface tension of Hydrocarbons, C5 -C7, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, n-hexane rich was 20.4 mN/m at 25 ⁰C (Sasol, 2010). (europa.eu)
- The formula for acyclic saturated hydrocarbons (i.e., alkanes ) is C n H 2 n +2 . (wikipedia.org)
Mixture3
- Nervous system responses of rats to subchronic inhalation of n- hexane and n- hexane + methyl-ethyl-ketone mixture. (cdc.gov)
- 2. A mixture of methane or n-hexane and air at a concentration of approximately, but less than, 10,000 ppm methane or n-hexane. (wisconsin.gov)
- The effect of geometry is studied by resistively heating stainless steel cylinders of various sizes in a stoichiometric n-hexane and air mixture at 298 K and 1 bar. (caltech.edu)
Inhalation7
- Abou-Donia MB, Lapadula DM, Campbell G, et al.1985 The synergism of n- hexane-induced neurotoxicity by methyl isobutyl ketone following subchronic (90 days) inhalation in hens: Induction of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450. (cdc.gov)
- Inhalation injury due to hydrocarbons can occur as a result of either accidental or intentional exposure. (medscape.com)
- Inhalant abuse, the deliberate inhalation of hydrocarbons as a form of recreational drug use, has become a significant health issue affecting children. (medscape.com)
- Death from intentional inhalation of hydrocarbon fumes is not uncommon and is usually due to sudden cardiac events or CNS depression. (medscape.com)
- Recreational abuse of hydrocarbons by inhalation is accomplished in 3 ways: sniffing, huffing, and bagging. (medscape.com)
- Two primary organ systems are affected by inhalation hydrocarbon toxicity: the CNS and the cardiopulmonary system. (medscape.com)
- Hydrocarbon poisoning may result from ingestion or inhalation. (msdmanuals.com)
Mixtures2
- These "hexanes" mixtures are cheaper than pure hexane and are often used in large-scale operations not requiring a single isomer (e.g., as cleaning solvent or for chromatography). (wikipedia.org)
- Naphtha' is a generic term for mixtures of low-boiling liquid hydrocarbons. (hipforums.com)
Extract6
- A typical laboratory use of hexanes is to extract oil and grease contaminants from water and soil for analysis. (wikipedia.org)
- EPA Methods 413.2 and 418.1 are infrared methods for oil and grease measurement using now-banned Freon to extract the hydrocarbons from the effluent. (watertechonline.com)
- A beam of infrared light goes through the extract for an infrared transmission measurement (see Fig. 2) and the filter/detector set for C-H absorbance measures the hydrocarbon content in the extract. (watertechonline.com)
- A measured amount of the hexane extract is deposited on the ATR crystal. (watertechonline.com)
- N-hexane is widely used in the food industry to extract oils from seeds, vegetables, and other raw materials. (imarcgroup.com)
- For purification, the extract was passed through a silica cartridge and eluted with hexane. (who.int)
Crude4
- Hexanes are chiefly obtained by refining crude oil. (wikipedia.org)
- n -Hexane is a chemical made from crude oil. (cdc.gov)
- The measurement process was applied to water contaminated with hexane or crude oil over the range 1-30 ppm. (magritek.com)
- Crude oil is processed in several stages to form desired hydrocarbons, used as fuel and in other products. (wikipedia.org)
Glues2
- In industry, hexanes are used in the formulation of glues for shoes, leather products, and roofing. (wikipedia.org)
- Certain kinds of special glues used in the roofing and shoe and leather industries also contain n-Hexane. (cdc.gov)
Solvent10
- Hexanes are commonly used in chromatography as a non-polar solvent. (wikipedia.org)
- EPA Method 1664, using hexane as the extraction solvent and gravimetric analysis, is now the standard method replacing Freon methods. (watertechonline.com)
- The measurement by infrared absorption makes use of the fact that hydrocarbons, such as fats, oil and grease, can be extracted from water or soil through the use of an appropriate solvent. (watertechonline.com)
- The extracted hydrocarbons absorb infrared energy at a common infrared wavelength and the amount of energy absorbed is proportional to the concentration of the oil/grease in the solvent. (watertechonline.com)
- Either S-316 solvent, as called for in the ASTM method D 7066-04, or a spectroscopic, hydrocarbon-free grade of perchloroethylene is a good infrared solvent, as both totally lack a C-H absorption band. (watertechonline.com)
- N-hexane is also used as a component in solvent blends for various applications, including paint thinners and ink formulations. (imarcgroup.com)
- In addition to this, the increasing demand for n-hexane in industries, including pharmaceuticals, adhesives, coatings, and chemical synthesis, due to its excellent solvent properties, is positively influencing the market growth. (imarcgroup.com)
- N-hexane is widely employed as a solvent for dissolving and extracting various compounds in chemical synthesis. (imarcgroup.com)
- Apart from this, the increasing application of n-hexane as a solvent to produce rubber, adhesives, and coatings is contributing to the market growth. (imarcgroup.com)
- N-hexane is commonly used in the cleaning and degreasing industry due to its excellent solvent properties and ability to effectively dissolve oils, greases, and other contaminants. (imarcgroup.com)
Measurement1
- Because hexane contains hydrocarbons, it must be evaporated off in order not to interfere with the infrared hydrocarbon measurement of oil and grease. (watertechonline.com)
Isomers3
- The US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) for hexane isomers (not n-hexane) of 100 ppm (350 mg/m3 (0.15 gr/cu ft)) over an 8-hour workday. (wikipedia.org)
- It consists predominantly of hexane isomers boiling in the range of approximately 60°C to 66°C (140°F to 151°F). (europa.eu)
- Hydrocarbons with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae are called structural isomers . (wikipedia.org)
20221
- The global n-hexane market size reached US$ 2,549.6 Million in 2022. (imarcgroup.com)
Exposure2
- Chronic occupational exposure to elevated levels of n-hexane has been demonstrated to be associated with peripheral neuropathy in auto mechanics in the US, and neurotoxicity in workers in printing presses, and shoe and furniture factories in Asia, Europe, and North America. (wikipedia.org)
- If patients are too obtunded to provide a history, hydrocarbon exposure may be suspected if their breath or clothing has an odor or if a container is found near them. (msdmanuals.com)
Hydrogen2
- A hydrocarbon (HC) is a substance that is made of carbon and hydrogen in the gaseous, liquid, or solid phase. (conservapedia.com)
- In organic chemistry , a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon . (wikipedia.org)
Absorption1
- Since there is an evanescent wave that penetrates the film of oil and grease at each internal reflection point, energy is absorbed at the C-H absorption band without the hydrocarbon interference from the hexane. (watertechonline.com)
Carbon atoms2
- Hexane (/ˈhɛkseɪn/) or n-hexane is an organic compound, a straight-chain alkane with six carbon atoms and has the molecular formula C6H14. (wikipedia.org)
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons , which have one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms. (wikipedia.org)
Vapors1
- The 1981 Louisville sewer explosions, which destroyed over 13 mi (21 km) of sewer lines and streets in Kentucky, were caused by ignition of hexane vapors which had been illegally discharged from a soybean processing plant owned by Ralston-Purina. (wikipedia.org)
Liquid4
- Pure n-Hexane is a colorless liquid with a slightly disagreeable odor. (cdc.gov)
- Natural gas may either be in a gas or liquid phase, where larger hydrocarbons always have a higher heating value. (dps-instruments.com)
- After ingestion of even a very small amount of liquid hydrocarbon, patients initially cough, choke, and may vomit. (msdmanuals.com)
- Liquid hydrocarbons from the separation process are routed to production tanks (figure 2). (cdc.gov)
Molecular2
- London forces are stronger in molecules with bigger molecular weight, and since hydrocarbons are nonpolar, that's their only interaction possible. (gradesaver.com)
- The molecular structure of hydrocarbon compounds varies from the simplest to the very heavy and very complex. (conservapedia.com)
Toxicity1
- Hydrocarbons, if ingested in large amounts, may be absorbed systemically and cause central nervous system (CNS) or hepatic toxicity, which is more likely with halogenated hydrocarbons (eg, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene). (msdmanuals.com)
Methyl2
- Mechanisms of joint neurotoxicity of n- hexane, methyl isobutyl ketone and O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate in hens. (cdc.gov)
- The relative neurotoxicities of n- hexane, methyl n- butyl ketone, 2,5-hexanediol, and 2,5-hexanedione following oral or intraperitoneal administration in hens. (cdc.gov)
Simplest1
- Saturated hydrocarbons, which are the simplest of the hydrocarbon types. (wikipedia.org)
Refers1
- In the fossil fuel industries, hydrocarbon refers to naturally occurring petroleum , natural gas and coal , or their hydrocarbon derivatives and purified forms. (wikipedia.org)
Viscosity1
- Since 2001, The US Consumer Product Safety Commission has required child-resistant packing of products that have low viscosity and contain greater than 10% hydrocarbon by weight. (medscape.com)
Spill1
- Hexane was attributed as the cause of an explosion that occurred in the National University of Río Cuarto, Argentina on 5 December 2007, due to a hexane spill near a heat-producing machine that exploded, producing a fire that killed one student and injured 24 more. (wikipedia.org)
Oils1
- hydrocarbon found among all types of oils, with the highest median values. (bvsalud.org)
Conventional1
- Numerical tools are essential for the prediction and evaluation of conventional hydrocarbon reservoir performance. (acs.org)
Typically1
- For example, butyllithiums are typically supplied as a hexane solution. (wikipedia.org)
Forecast1
- The global N-hexane market is expected to expand at a larger CAGR during the forecast period. (imarcgroup.com)
Separation1
- Moreover, n-hexane is widely used for numerous synthesis and separation techniques in the industry and is also employed for creating molds that are further used for shaping pills and tablets. (imarcgroup.com)
Detector1
- It takes less than 2 minutes to analyze C1 - C5 hydrocarbons by our sensitive FID detector, and we don't program the column oven, so that samples can be run one after another quickly. (dps-instruments.com)
Grease2
- Since the EPA lists oil and grease as "hexane extractable material" in the new effluent limitation guidelines, it makes sense to use hexane as the extractant. (watertechonline.com)
- The hexane evaporates and leaves a film of oil and grease. (watertechonline.com)