AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
AlkanesHydrocarbonsAlkane 1-MonooxygenaseOxygenasesPolycyclic Hydrocarbons, AromaticReceptors, Aryl HydrocarbonMixed Function OxygenasesButanesKynurenine 3-MonooxygenaseHydrocarbons, AromaticBiodegradation, EnvironmentalPetroleumHydrocarbons, HalogenatedMethylococcaceaeCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemHydrocarbons, ChlorinatedPolycyclic CompoundsTetrachlorodibenzodioxinMethylococcus capsulatusAryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear TranslocatorAlkenesCytochrome P-450 CYP1A1Aryl Hydrocarbon HydroxylasesPseudomonasOctanesBenzo(a)pyreneOxidation-ReductionPropaneRhodococcusMethaneMethylosinus trichosporiumBenzopyrenesBenz(a)AnthracenesHydroxylationCamphor 5-MonooxygenasePseudomonas putidaMolecular Sequence DataRubredoxinsSoil PollutantsTolueneNitrosomonasMethylcholanthreneFlavin-Adenine DinucleotidePyrenesHydrocarbons, AcyclicEthaneGordonia BacteriumHydrocarbons, AlicyclicOxidoreductasesEnzyme InductionDioxinsBiotransformationBenzydamineWater Pollutants, ChemicalTrichloroethyleneMicrosomes, LiverTyrosine 3-MonooxygenaseNADPH-Ferrihemoprotein ReductaseSubstrate SpecificityPetroleum PollutionGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometrySqualene MonooxygenaseKineticsChromatography, GasGram-Negative Aerobic BacteriaFuel OilsMultienzyme ComplexesPhenolFMN ReductaseEnvironmental PollutantsAlcoholsWaxesAmidine-LyasesFlavinsSoil Microbiology7-Alkoxycoumarin O-DealkylaseAmino Acid SequenceBenzoflavonesCatalysisAlcanivoraceaePhenanthrenesKetonesCloning, MolecularMolecular StructureMethylocystaceaeBenzopyrene HydroxylaseSequence Analysis, DNAPhylogenyEpoxy CompoundsTerpenesBenzene DerivativesCarcinogensXylenesAcinetobacterBeijerinckiaceaeNADPbeta-NaphthoflavoneDichloroethylenesGeologic SedimentsMicrosomes
Petroleum hydrocarbonsAromatic hydrocarbonsDegradationMicroorganismsHydrogenAdaptationOrganicProcessesAnalysisFuelHealthPolycyclic aromatic hydAromaticDegradation of hydrocarbonsUbiquitousConcentrationsAerobicMetabolitesOxidationMicrobialBacteriumFatty acidsWidespreadAlcoholToxicological1990FateEnvironmentalMicrobiologyClassChainHighEnvironmentComplexMaleHumanVolume
Petroleum hydrocarbons3
  • 2010 ). This is a major threat to both the environment and human health, due to the phytotoxicity and carcinogenicity of petroleum hydrocarbons. (springeropen.com)
  • The ubiquitous distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment is the consequence of diagenetic processes that occur in sedimentary rock formations containing large amounts of organic matter. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1981. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons: An environmental perspective.crobial Rev 45: 180-209. (cdc.gov)
Aromatic hydrocarbons3
  • The analysis of both the metagenome of the consortium and the reconstructed metagenome-assembled genomes show that the most abundant bacterial genus in the consortium, Acidocella , possess many of the genes required for the degradation of diesel fuel aromatic hydrocarbons, which are often the most toxic component. (springeropen.com)
  • Heat and pressure lead to the formation of a wide variety of hydrocarbons, including alkanes, alkenes, and cyclic/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which can seep into aquatic environments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxygen is not only a physiological requirement, but serves as a reactant in the hydroxylation of both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons via monooxygenase and dioxygenase enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
Degradation4
  • In the absence of high temperatures, high pressures, metal catalysts or UV light, biotransformation plays the dominant role in environmental alkane degradation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanisms and genetics of aerobic hydrocarbon degradation have been described extensively. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxygen's key role as a reactant during aerobic hydrocarbon degradation led to the belief for many years that n-alkanes and other hydrocarbons were recalcitrant under anoxic conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1989. Microbial adaptation to degradation of hydrocarbons in polluted and unpolluted groundwater. (cdc.gov)
Microorganisms2
  • Through successive enrichment of soil microorganisms from samples of an historic petroleum contaminated site in Wietze, Germany, we isolated a bacterial consortium using diesel fuel hydrocarbons as sole carbon and energy source. (springeropen.com)
  • Research during the last 15 years, however, has shown that microorganisms have adapted and evolved to use hydrocarbon substrates under varying reducing conditions and that they employ novel biochemical processes to activate these compounds in the absence of oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
Hydrogen2
  • It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (lookformedical.com)
  • Alkanes are chemical compounds that consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms and are bonded exclusively by single bonds without any cycles. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Adaptation1
Organic2
  • It has also been shown that AK-01 uses not only alkanes but also 1-alkenes, 1-alkanols, fatty acids and other organic acids as carbon substrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies on kidney function in subjects exposed to organic solvents: 1. (cdc.gov)
Processes2
  • S pilled oil is transported, and its composition and character altered, by a variety of physical, chemical, and biological processes ( Figure 4-1 ). (nationalacademies.org)
  • FIGURE 4-1 Major open-ocean oil fate and transport processes. (nationalacademies.org)
Analysis1
  • 1999). Analysis of labeled and fully deuterated metabolites shows that AK-01 activates n-alkanes via fumarate addition to the subterminal carbon using alkylsuccinate synthase. (wikipedia.org)
Fuel1
  • It is found associated with other hydrocarbon fuel, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is an important fuel source and a major feedstock for fertilizers.Most natural. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Health1
  • Environ Health 1: 199-218. (cdc.gov)
Polycyclic aromatic hyd2
  • Heat and pressure lead to the formation of a wide variety of hydrocarbons, including alkanes, alkenes, and cyclic/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which can seep into aquatic environments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alkane degradation ability was near ubiquitous among candidate hydrocarbon degraders, whereas just three harbored elaborate gene inventories for the degradation of alkanes and aromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). (nature.com)
Aromatic2
  • Oxygen is not only a physiological requirement, but serves as a reactant in the hydroxylation of both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons via monooxygenase and dioxygenase enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hence aromatic hydrocarbon molecules are readily degraded by microorganisms when the respective molecules are similar to other natural compounds. (europa.eu)
Degradation of hydrocarbons1
  • 1989. Microbial adaptation to degradation of hydrocarbons in polluted and unpolluted groundwater. (cdc.gov)
Ubiquitous1
  • Decane was selected from a group of hydrocarbons found in fuels, but it is also a ubiquitous pollutant in indoor and outdoor air and in water. (nih.gov)
Concentrations3
  • Up to concentrations of 10 millimolar (mM) the straight chain alkanes did not affect EtOPhase activity. (cdc.gov)
  • This makes it difficult to assess environmental exposure of petroleum substances from field monitoring studies because measured concentrations of constituents or total hydrocarbons detected in the environment can no longer be directly related to the original petroleum substance. (europa.eu)
  • A further complication is multiple hydrocarbon sources, both man-made and natural, which may contribute to concentrations observed in each environmental compartment (CONCAWE, 1999). (europa.eu)
Aerobic5
  • The mechanisms and genetics of aerobic hydrocarbon degradation have been described extensively. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxygen's key role as a reactant during aerobic hydrocarbon degradation led to the belief for many years that n-alkanes and other hydrocarbons were recalcitrant under anoxic conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Passive and sustainable systems are proposed for the aerobic cometabolism of emerging contaminants, such as 1,4-D, that are mixed with CAHs. (nih.gov)
  • Hydrocarbons are degraded (under aerobic conditions) via mono-oxygenases or di-oxygenases, and are subsequently carboxylated and ultimately hydroxylated. (europa.eu)
  • The major difference between the metabolism under aerobic conditions of alkanes and isoalkanes relates to the impact of the branching on the rate of metabolism (Fritsche and Hofrichter, 2000). (europa.eu)
Metabolites3
  • 1999). Analysis of labeled and fully deuterated metabolites shows that AK-01 activates n-alkanes via fumarate addition to the subterminal carbon using alkylsuccinate synthase. (wikipedia.org)
  • In further assessing the type of metabolites formed, it has been demonstrated that for all the major classes of hydrocarbons, the major metabolites are in most cases less toxic, and always less bioaccumulative than the parent molecule. (europa.eu)
  • Consequently, it is concluded that for PBT and risk assessment purposes, the metabolites of hydrocarbons do not require any further assessment. (europa.eu)
Oxidation2
  • 1991. "Anaerobic oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons to CO2 by a new type of sulfate-reducing bacterium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. (lookformedical.com)
Microbial2
  • The SRC will slowly hydrolyze in the beads to produce an alcohol, which will serve as a microbial growth substrate and as an inducer for non-specific contaminant-degrading monooxygenases. (nih.gov)
  • Although the introduction of aliphatic substituents normally alters the location in the molecule where the initial microbial attack takes place, the eventual degradation products should not be significantly different. (europa.eu)
Bacterium3
  • Isolation and characterization of a sulfate-reducing bacterium that anaerobically degrades alkanes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In preliminary studies, the alkane-oxidizing bacterium Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 21198 was co-encapsulated with an orthosilicate SRC in a gellan gum hydrogel. (nih.gov)
  • In the proposed work, proteomic analyses of this model bacterium will be performed to identify the active monooxygenases and to characterize the enzymatic and physiological changes that ultimately limit the long-term activity of this bacterium in the encapsulated systems. (nih.gov)
Fatty acids2
Widespread1
  • Gene expression associated with alkane degradation was widespread, although active alkane degrader identities changed along the pollution gradient. (nature.com)
Alcohol2
  • The primary route of degradation for alkanes is to the alcohol. (europa.eu)
  • For hydrocarbons with longer chain lengths, it is probable that the occurrence of formation of the secondary alcohol increases, (Kachholz and Rehm , 1977). (europa.eu)
Toxicological1
  • The human toxicological impact of decane may be considerable, since it occurs with proven carcinogenic hydrocarbons in many mixtures of environmental concern such as fuel combustion products, cigarette smoke, and certain petroleum distillates. (nih.gov)
19901
Fate2
  • In this approach, individual hydrocarbons with different partitioning and degradation properties are used to simulate petroleum substance fate in the environment. (europa.eu)
  • FIGURE 4-1 Major open-ocean oil fate and transport processes. (nationalacademies.org)
Environmental3
  • In the absence of high temperatures, high pressures, metal catalysts or UV light, biotransformation plays the dominant role in environmental alkane degradation. (wikipedia.org)
  • When a complex petroleum substance is released into the environment, the hydrocarbon constituents distribute to the different environmental compartments according to individual physico-chemical properties (e.g. volatility, water solubility, partition coefficients). (europa.eu)
  • To quantify environmental exposure resulting from multimedia distribution and degradation of hydrocarbon components that comprise a complex petroleum substance the 'Hydrocarbon Block Method', has been proposed by CONCAWE (1996) and EC (2003) and subsequently implemented in REACH (ECHA, 2008). (europa.eu)
Microbiology1
  • 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0620, USA. (nih.gov)
Class1
Chain2
  • The BzOPhase mediated release of resorufin was inhibited by the straight chain alkanes with 6 to 11 carbons. (cdc.gov)
  • EtOPhase activity was not inhibited by the branched chain aliphatics. (cdc.gov)
High2
  • Decane is a high production volume (HPV) chemical with production exceeding 1 million pounds annually in the US. (nih.gov)
  • The structures of high valent intermediates (Q in methane monooxygenase and X in ribonucleotide reductase) are debated since Fe-Fe distances of 2.5-3.4â Å were attributed to "open" or "closed" cores with bridging or terminal oxido groups. (bvsalud.org)
Environment1
  • Many of these genomes exhibited phylogenetic clustering indicative of common trait selection by the environment, and within half we identified 264 genes associated with hydrocarbon degradation. (nature.com)
Complex1
  • Test pure compound rather than a complex mixture of alkanes. (nih.gov)
Male2
  • The effects of 21 aliphatic hydrocarbons on enzyme activities in lung microsomes from male Sprague-Dawley-rats were investigated. (cdc.gov)
  • 1986. A review of unique male rat hydrocarbon nephropathy. (cdc.gov)
Human1
  • Of increasing concern are emerging co-contaminants, such as 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D), which is also a likely human carcinogen. (nih.gov)
Volume1