AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth Care
Water WellsGroundwaterWater SupplyWaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalFresh WaterWater Pollution, ChemicalHeadWater PollutionWater PollutantsBiodegradation, EnvironmentalWater MicrobiologyWater MovementsArsenicWater PurificationWater Pollutants, RadioactiveUraniumEnvironmental MonitoringTrichloroethyleneGeologic SedimentsGeologyDrinking WaterHead and Neck NeoplasmsSoil PollutantsEnvironmental RemediationGeological PhenomenaXylenesArsenic Poisoning
ConductivityProperties of an aquiferHeterogeneityAquitardGradientsPorosityPermeabilityHydrogeologyPublished unconfined aquiferRechargeDischargePotentiometric surface mapsGradientDarcy's LawParametersHydrologyAlluvial aquifersBarriers to groundwater flowAreas of high hydraulicPrecipitationSurficial aquiferShallow alluvialElevationThicknessOccurrenceBasinModel was calibratedContaminationSimulateLeakySpatialSystemInteractionSlug testContaminant migrationConductivitiesMajor groundwaterGeologicProcessesHydrogeologicalCharacteristicsHomogeneousKarstGeochemicalWetlandsEquationSeepageImpactsHydrologicAssessment2017SurfaceSlopeAnomalousTemperatureSteady flowTypicallyGeophysicalPollutionSustainableSoluteFluidSubsurface waterModeling
Conductivity11
  • After this analysis, the model's performance was tested against various measurements, including hydraulic head, temperature, and electrical conductivity. (tudelft.nl)
  • The groundwater flow model was calibrated to well heads by changing the hydraulic conductivity. (huji.ac.il)
  • The Cambrian and Ordovician carbonates were found generally to have the highest hydraulic conductivity in each layer which reflects the notion that due to dissolution, this geohydrologic unit contains more fractures than the other two units. (vt.edu)
  • The calibrated values of hydraulic conductivity for the Cambrian and Ordovician carbonates ranged from 0.89m/d in layer 2 to 0.0011m/d in layer 4. (vt.edu)
  • The calibrated values of hydraulic conductivity for the Precambrian and Cambrian metamorphics and clastics ranged from 0.013m/d in layer 2 to 0.708E-3m/d in layer 4, and for the Ordovician to Mississippian clastics followed a similar trend in layers 2 and 3, with values of 0.390m/d in layer 2 and 0.242E-4m/d in layer 3. (vt.edu)
  • The streambed conductance values reflected both the variation in streambed thickness, which ranges from nonexistent in some areas to several feet thick in others, and streambed material, which ranges from sandy material with relatively high conductivity values to silty material with lower hydraulic conductivity values. (vt.edu)
  • The primary required parameter common among all the models is the saturated hydraulic conductivity ( K sat ) for both vadose zone assessment and ground water modeling. (confex.com)
  • The flow velocity and direction is locally controlled by hydraulic conductivity of rocks and strata, and its anisotropic properties, and on a larger scale by heads and flows at boundaries (e.g. rivers and surface water bodies, oceans, geological barriers and facies changes, diffuse rainfall recharge and evaporation). (bioregionalassessments.gov.au)
  • The influence radius is essentially the distance in the time-distance problem in physics and is influenced by the hydrogeological conditions and pumping conditions, which is different from the hydrogeological parameters reflecting the natural properties of aquifers, such as the porosity, specific yield, and hydraulic conductivity. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Additionally, it is believed that the influence radius is objective, immutable, and measurable [ 7 ] , and has nothing to do with human impact, in a manner similar to some hydrogeological parameters such as the hydraulic conductivity, specific yield, and round island radius. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • 3) The Sub-Darcy flow distinguished by the parameterized EHG model can be equated to the post-Darcy flow, and then the criteria for the post-Darcy flow will be strictly distinguished under the premise of determining the hydraulic conductivity. (bvsalud.org)
Properties of an aquifer2
  • The properties of an aquifer that affect its ability to store and transmit water are porosity, permeability, storativity, and transmissivity. (slingshotrentalsofswfl.com)
  • Anisotropic - the condition in which hydraulic properties of an aquifer are not equal when measured in all directions. (carwashloansinfo.com)
Heterogeneity3
  • The use of cross-hole slug test data to characterize aquifer heterogeneity and source/observation well oscillation parameters is evaluated. (osti.gov)
  • The aim of this session is to discuss the effect of flow heterogeneity on transport at different scales, from pore scale up to catchment scale - including theory, modeling, laboratory and field experiments as well as applications. (copernicus.org)
  • Understanding high-velocity pollutant transport dependent on the large hydraulic gradient and/or heterogeneity of the aquifer and criteria for the onset of post-Darcy flow have attracted considerable attention in water resources and environmental engineering applications. (bvsalud.org)
Aquitard5
  • Tidal analysis finds changes in aquifer and aquitard permeability following these earthquakes, which corresponds to the post-seismic total discharge of 85-273 m 3 in 20 d after earthquakes. (copernicus.org)
  • The Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer system includes (1) an artesian (confined) section that is separated from the Queen City by the Reklaw Formation, a leaky aquitard, and (2) a water-table (unconfined) system where the Wilcox-Carrizo crops out along the west, north, and east margins of the basin. (utexas.edu)
  • This is due to the complexity of the Clarence-Moreton Basin aquifer/ aquitard system and the lack of groundwater observation bore data for the sedimentary bedrock units. (bioregionalassessments.gov.au)
  • If an aquitard is an ideal regional seal, then it should limit or prevent the vertical hydraulic connection between the overlying and underlying stratigraphic units. (bioregionalassessments.gov.au)
  • Aquitard - a geologic formation that may contain groundwater but is not capable of transmitting significant quantities of groundwater under normal hydraulic gradients. (carwashloansinfo.com)
Gradients9
  • Horizontal flow barriers commonly correspond to mapped geologic structure and result in horizontal hydraulic gradients that progressively become steeper from north to south corresponding to an increase in structural complexity that may be impeding recharge from the uplands into the heavily developed areas. (usgs.gov)
  • Significant vertical hydraulic gradients are documented for relatively small areas near Umatilla, and since the 1970s, downward vertical gradients in these areas have been increasing as hydraulic heads in the deeper units have declined. (usgs.gov)
  • The absence of vertical gradients over much of the area may be a consequence of flow through commingling wells that results in the equilibration of the heads between aquifers. (usgs.gov)
  • Evidence of significant vertical hydraulic gradients exists, although much of the aquifer thickness is affected by commingling of wells. (usgs.gov)
  • These ditches impose relatively static hydraulic gradients on the alluvial aquifer that force water to flow from the river to the drains. (unm.edu)
  • Hydraulic head and geophysical log data were used to calculate equivalent freshwater heads and then analyzed to identify possible horizontal gradients across the transition zone and thus flow. (usf.edu)
  • Anthropogenic activities, such as point recharge from irrigation or point extraction by pumping, change gradients locally and affect the direction and velocity of flows within a groundwater system . (bioregionalassessments.gov.au)
  • The lack of groundwater observation bore data in the Richmond river basin means that hydraulic head gradients between the volcanic and sedimentary bedrock units are poorly constrained. (bioregionalassessments.gov.au)
  • Aquifer - a geologic formation capable of transmitting significant quantities of groundwater under normal hydraulic gradients. (carwashloansinfo.com)
Porosity5
  • The value for specific yield is less than the value for porosity because some water will remain in the medium even after drainage due to intermolecular forces. (agnesschildorfer.com)
  • Porosity is the ratio of the volume of voids to the total volume of the aquifer. (slingshotrentalsofswfl.com)
  • Other parameters of interest include soil water characteristic curve, drainable porosity (specific yield), and thickness of the aquifer under consideration. (confex.com)
  • The drainable porosity can be determined from the soil water characteristic curve, or it can be estimated through the assessment of the drainage volume for a given level of drop in water table. (confex.com)
  • The properties of the aquifer depend on the physical characteristics of the materials (porosity, permeability, specific yield, specific storage, and hydraulic conductivities) which are determined by techniques like resistivity surveys and pumping tests followed by remote sensing and geographic information system for better information on the groundwater system. (intechopen.com)
Permeability4
  • The rate of groundwater flow depends on the permeability (the size of the spaces in the soil or rocks and how well the spaces are connected) and the hydraulic head (water pressure). (wikipedia.org)
  • Mechanisms proposed to explain these phenomena include (1) water expulsion by coseismic static strain, (2) water release from shallow crustal areas due to increased permeability following earthquakes, and (3) increased water recharge from a storage source due to an increased hydraulic head gradient. (copernicus.org)
  • Permeability is the measure of how easily water can flow through the aquifer. (slingshotrentalsofswfl.com)
  • Low-permeability liners are required at the base of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills to minimize leachate leakage and contaminant migration into groundwater. (researchgate.net)
Hydrogeology4
  • Subsurface flow Groundwater energy balance Baseflow Ecohydrology Groundwater Hydrogeology Catchment hydrology Chorley, R.J., 1978. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Applied Hydrogeology course provides postgraduate students in engineering geology and environmental science with a sound understanding of the nature and occurrence of groundwater, various techniques for resource evaluation, contaminant transport issues, and a brief introduction to groundwater modelling. (canterbury.ac.nz)
  • The new edition has plenty of worked-out problems, well-explained figures, and end-of-chapter problems that I can use in my undergraduate hydrogeology course. (waveland.com)
  • Water / Hydrology and Hydrogeology / The Hydrologic Cycle / Energy Transformations / The Hydrologic Equation / Hydrogeologists / Applied Hydrogeology / The Business of Hydrogeology (What Do Hydrogeologists Do All Day? (waveland.com)
Published unconfined aquifer2
  • Cross-hole slug test date are analyzed with an extended version of a recently published unconfined aquifer model accounting for waterable effects using the linearized kinematic condition. (osti.gov)
  • article{osti_1254150, title = {Modeling cross-hole slug tests in an unconfined aquifer}, author = {Malama, Bwalya and Kuhlman, Kristopher L. and Brauchler, Ralf and Bayer, Peter}, abstractNote = {Cross-hole slug test date are analyzed with an extended version of a recently published unconfined aquifer model accounting for waterable effects using the linearized kinematic condition. (osti.gov)
Recharge26
  • One result of the growing competition for water is increased attention to the use of artificial recharge to augment ground water supplies. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Stated simply, artificial recharge is a process by which excess surface water is directed into the ground-either by spreading on the surface, by using recharge wells, or by altering natural conditions to increase infiltration-to replenish an aquifer. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Artificial recharge (sometimes called planned recharge) is a way to store water underground in times of water surplus to meet demand in times of shortage. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Water recovered from recharge projects can be allocated to nonpotable uses such as landscape irrigation or, less commonly, to potable use. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Artificial recharge can also be used to control seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers, control land subsidence caused by declining ground water levels, maintain base flow in some streams, and raise water levels to reduce the cost of ground water pumping. (nationalacademies.org)
  • It is useful to think of the entire artificial recharge operation as a water source undergoing a series of treatment steps during which its composition changes. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The constituents of potential concern depend not only on the character of the source water, but also on its treatment prior to recharge (pretreatment), changes that occur as it moves through the soil and aquifer (soil-aquifer processes), and treatment after withdrawal for use (posttreatment). (nationalacademies.org)
  • This report discusses three types of source waters having very different characteristics-treated municipal wastewater, stormwater runoff, and irrigation return flow-that have been proposed for use in artificial recharge. (nationalacademies.org)
  • A fundamental assumption of this report is that wastewater used to recharge the ground water must receive a sufficiently high degree of treatment prior to recharge so as to minimize the extent of any degradation of native ground water quality, as well as to minimize the need for and extent of additional treatment at the point of extraction. (nationalacademies.org)
  • After pretreatment, the water is ready for recharge, either through surface spreading and infiltration through the unsaturated zone or by direct injection into ground water. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Recharge by infiltration takes advantage of the natural treatment processes, such as biodegradation of organic chemicals, that occur as water moves through soil. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The quality of the water prior to recharge is of interest in assessing the possible risks associated with human exposures to chemical toxicants and pathogenic microorganisms that might be present in the source water. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Thus when recharge water is withdrawn later for another purpose, it may require some degree of posttreatment, depending on its intended use. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Taking a systems perspective that encompasses all steps from pretreatment, through recharge, through transformation and transport, to extraction, this report assesses the issues and uncertainties associated with the artificial recharge of ground water using source waters of impaired quality. (nationalacademies.org)
  • In particular, the report focuses on the methodologies and nature of the recharge systems and the subsequent impacts on the native ground water quality, especially as those impacts may affect public health following use of the recovered water. (nationalacademies.org)
  • In areas without flow barriers, dissimilarities in response of well groups over time resulted from the formation of groundwater mounds caused by recharge from irrigation or regions of decline caused by pumping. (usgs.gov)
  • Analysis of abundant data on hydraulic head, pressure, and water chemistry from water wells tapping the Wilcox, Carrizo, and Queen City aquifers reveals the regional ground-water circulation patterns, locations and mechanisms of major recharge and discharge areas, and evolution of ground-water chemistry. (utexas.edu)
  • Water samples with anomalous chemical composition (compared with regional chemistry) indicate salt dome dissolution or anomalous hydrologic conditions, such as relatively high rates of recharge to the artesian part of the Wilcox-Carrizo through leaky aquitards. (utexas.edu)
  • 5. Critically evaluate groundwater recharge volume and timing. (canterbury.ac.nz)
  • The second layer simulated shallow flow driven by recharge and the withdrawal of water by pumping wells. (vt.edu)
  • Parameter estimation was conducted using UCODE for a total of 18 parameters, including hydraulic conductivities, river bottom conductance values, and recharge rates. (vt.edu)
  • The calibrated recharge values indicate that approximately 28% of the total precipitation recharges the aquifer system. (vt.edu)
  • Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is a promising method of increasing water availability in water stressed areas by subsurface infiltration and storage, to overcome periods of drought, and to stabilize or even reverse salinization of coastal aquifers. (researchgate.net)
  • During construction dewatering, artificial recharge with wells might be required to discharge the pumped groundwater. (researchgate.net)
  • On the one hand, artificial recharge wells must be placed as close as possible to the construction site to limit the above-ground space for the dewatering infrastructure and the transport costs, while on the other hand, the distance. (researchgate.net)
  • However, the elevated topography of the basalts and the substantially higher recharge rates suggest that there is more likely to be a downward hydraulic gradient from the basalts to the underlying sedimentary bedrock in most areas. (bioregionalassessments.gov.au)
Discharge7
  • Groundwater discharge into the sediment-filled coulees, where the upper aquifers are intersected at land surface by incised canyons, is proposed as an alternative to explain local steepening of the hydraulic gradient along the Palouse Slope previously attributed to the presence of a groundwater dam. (usgs.gov)
  • Dominion does have two discharge permits for wastewater from the CEC site, but neither authorizes the utility to release discharges into groundwater. (justia.com)
  • As to the plaintiffs primary theory of liability, the Court finds that Dominion's discharge through groundwater violates the CWA. (justia.com)
  • Deep Creek on the southern side, and a man-made cooling water discharge channel ('CWDC') on the western side. (justia.com)
  • These permits identify specific outfalls through which Dominion can discharge wastewater to surface water. (justia.com)
  • High groundwater salinities in the alluvium near Coraki ( Figure 18 ) and the similarity between the course of Myrtle Creek and the orientation of Coraki Fault could be an indication that this fault acts as a conduit for upwards discharge of deep groundwater to shallow aquifers or to the surface. (bioregionalassessments.gov.au)
  • Potential pathways to receptors may include groundwater supply wells, surface water, migrating vapor/inhalation, direct contact, ephemeral drainage features, and surface discharge locations (such as seeps and wetlands). (itrcweb.org)
Potentiometric surface maps1
  • Comparison of generalized potentiometric surface maps developed for pre-development conditions and post-2000 conditions indicate that pre-development groundwater flow was from the uplands toward the Columbia and Snake River and that post-2000 flow patterns in the area are controlled by irrigation practices that have resulted in broad regions of elevated or depressed hydraulic head. (usgs.gov)
Gradient10
  • In the Umatilla area, water levels from 286 wells were used to identify multiple areas of high hydraulic gradient that indicate vertical and horizontal barriers to groundwater flow. (usgs.gov)
  • As ground water flows from outcrop down the hydraulic gradient into the artesian part of the Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer, it is consistently altered chemically from an acidic oxidized calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate sulfate water to a basic reduced sodium bicarbonate water. (utexas.edu)
  • The direction and velocity of surface flows is controlled primarily by local land gradient, and for river flows a combination of the water surface gradient and flow depth. (bioregionalassessments.gov.au)
  • The fissures of crystalline rocks are limited to shallow depths, and water movement is lateral in the direction of the gradient downwards to the drainage area. (projectclue.com)
  • In producing the groundwater contour maps for each study site, I modelled and interpreted variations in groundwater flow direction and hydraulic gradient. (sdsu.edu)
  • The average hydraulic gradient changed from 0.0113 in 2004 to 0.0114 in 2005 within Warner Valley, a 1.39% increase. (sdsu.edu)
  • Ramona wells resulted in a change from 0.0368 in 2004 to 0.0246 in 2005 a 33.3% decrease in hydraulic gradient. (sdsu.edu)
  • As shown in previous sections, there is a high degree of hydraulic connection between the alluvial and volcanic aquifers in the Clarence-Moreton bioregion with the greatest level of interaction in the headwaters of the alluvial systems, decreasing down-gradient. (bioregionalassessments.gov.au)
  • Advection - the process of transfer of fluids (vapors or liquid) through a geologic formation in response to a pressure gradient that may be caused by changes in barometric pressure, water table levels, wind fluctuations, or infiltration. (carwashloansinfo.com)
  • In this study, a parameterized model is established based on the equivalent hydraulic gradient (EHG) which affected by spatial nonlocality of nonlinear head distribution due to the inhomogeneity at a wide range of scales. (bvsalud.org)
Darcy's Law2
  • The mathematical relationships used to describe the flow of water through porous media are Darcy's law, the diffusion and Laplace equations, which have applications in many diverse fields. (agnesschildorfer.com)
  • In this step a hydrogeological phenomenon is represented mathematically based on certain simplifying assumptions (Figure 3.A). Examples are Darcy's Law for ground water laminar flow, Fick's Law for dispersive transport, and Monod Functions for contaminant transformation by biodegradation. (ca.gov)
Parameters3
  • The course is an integrated one, developing both geological aspects of groundwater occurrence and chemistry, as well as pragmatic methods for quantifying flow parameters and aquifer characteristics. (canterbury.ac.nz)
  • The objective of this study was to explore options for incorporating and defining wetlands in PCSWMM, select groundwater interaction parameters, and optimize the process for creating a calibrated catchment-wetland model using known seasonal wetland water levels. (chijournal.org)
  • Two parameters relevant to the spatially non-local effect were selected to predict the development of post-Darcy flow. (bvsalud.org)
Hydrology6
Alluvial aquifers3
  • This study involved analyzing variations in groundwater elevation between fractured rock and alluvial aquifers following an abnormally wet precipitation year. (sdsu.edu)
  • Thus, studying the changes in groundwater elevations following heavy rain years may provide insight into the fracture patterns of the underlying geology, and potentially provide better prediction of depth to groundwater for fractured rock and alluvial aquifers in the future. (sdsu.edu)
  • The hydraulic relationships between different sedimentary bedrock units, sedimentary bedrock and alluvial aquifers and between sedimentary bedrock and volcanic bedrock are much more difficult to determine than the interaction between shallow aquifers. (bioregionalassessments.gov.au)
Barriers to groundwater flow2
  • Discontinuities in hydraulic head between well groups were used to help infer the presence of barriers to groundwater flow such as changes in lithology or the occurrence of folds and faults. (usgs.gov)
  • Furthermore, their role as regional seals may be compromised by the presence of geological structures (i.e. faults, which can act either as conduits or barriers to groundwater flow) or regional differences in rock composition. (bioregionalassessments.gov.au)
Areas of high hydraulic1
Precipitation5
  • The model included the change in surface water and groundwater storage, precipitation, evapotranspiration, surface-water inflow and outflow, and net groundwater exchange with the underlying Upper Floridan aquifer. (usgs.gov)
  • Water transfer mechanisms in wetlands include surface water exchanges, groundwater exchanges and evapotranspiration losses, and inputs include precipitation and runoff from the surrounding areas in the form of overland flow pathways ( Acreman and Miller 2007 ). (chijournal.org)
  • Groundwater forms when precipitation infiltrates into the soil and reaches the saturated zone where all pores and fractures are filled with water. (slingshotrentalsofswfl.com)
  • The study sites chosen were Warner Valley groundwater basin and a small residential area near Ramona, CA. For the purpose of this study I chose the 2004-2005 precipitation year. (sdsu.edu)
  • We use the statistically downscaled MACAv2-METDATA temperature and precipitation data from 20 General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the Climate Model Intercomparison Program Phase 5 (CMIP5) as input to the water balance model. (sciencebase.gov)
Surficial aquifer5
  • Hydrogeologic units in the study area include a surficial aquifer consisting of Quaternary-age sediments, a discontinuous intermediate confining unit consisting of Miocene- and Pliocene-age sediments, and the underlying Upper Floridan aquifer, which consists of Eocene- and Oligocene-age carbonates. (usgs.gov)
  • The fine-grained quartz sands that constitute the surficial aquifer are generally thin, typically less than 25 feet thick, within the vicinity of Tsala Apopka Lake. (usgs.gov)
  • Hydrologic connection of the surficial environment (lakes, ponds, wetlands, and the surficial aquifer) was quantified on the basis of a conceptualized annual water-budget model. (usgs.gov)
  • The control volume for each pool extended to the base of the surficial aquifer and covered an area defined to exceed the maximum inundated area for each pool during 2004-12 by 0.5 foot. (usgs.gov)
  • In 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) initiated a study to characterize the surficial aquifer system in detail to a depth of about 100 feet below ground level in the Levee 31N study area, and to delineate karst preferential ground-water flow zones. (usgs.gov)
Shallow alluvial2
  • Previously dynamic flowpaths in the shallow alluvial aquifer (hyporheic corridor) have become are less reversible due to parallel drain ditches with lower beds than the river. (unm.edu)
  • the Walloon Coal Measures are approximately 300 to 600 m below ground surface, and in addition to the Maclean Sandstone, there are two other stratigraphic units that are considered as aquitards (Bungawalbin Member and Rapville Member) separating the coal seams of the Walloon Coal Measures and the shallow alluvial and volcanic aquifers. (bioregionalassessments.gov.au)
Elevation5
Thickness2
  • Both these techniques require knowledge of the thickness of the aquifer. (confex.com)
  • where `b =` constant saturated thickness of the aquifer when confined, and `b = h - z_b` when unconfined. (ogi-software.com)
Occurrence3
  • The addition of new case studies and end-of-chapter problems will strengthen understanding of the occurrence and movement of ground water in a variety of geological settings. (waveland.com)
  • Records show that the depths of aquifers differ from place to place because of variation in geo-thermal and geo-structural occurrence (Okwueze, 1996). (projectclue.com)
  • In basement provinces groundwater occurrence depend exclusively on discontinuities like fractures, joints, fissures, and weathered litho - zones. (projectclue.com)
Basin8
  • The areas of focus for this analysis included the Umatilla area, Oregon, and the Palouse Slope/eastern Yakima Fold Belt in the Columbia Basin Ground Water Management Area (GWMA) consisting of Adams, Franklin, Grant, and Lincoln Counties, Washington. (usgs.gov)
  • The Mediterranean basin contains many semi-arid environments where aquifers are subject to intensive exploitation, generally to meet irrigation demands. (mdpi.com)
  • Repeated sampling over 16 years revealed variable flow paths towards certain wells over time as documented by variable REE-pattern and δ18O, δD and 87Sr/86Sr signatures of groundwater and lead to new insight with respect to sources of groundwater, their flow patterns and salinization in the Yarmouk basin. (dggv.de)
  • The Colorado Geological Survey has three significant reports on groundwater in the Denver Basin. (agnesschildorfer.com)
  • Eocene stratigraphic units in the East Texas Basin are composed of a thick sedimentary sequence (approximately 2,000 ft [600 m]) of fresh-water aquifers and aquitards covering an area of approximately 15,000 mi 2 (51,000 km 2 ). (utexas.edu)
  • The vertical head differentials and the distribution of flowing wells indicate downward leakage over most of the basin and upward leakage only beneath the Trinity and Sabine Rivers. (utexas.edu)
  • The Rio Grande in central New Mexico flows through a semi-arid, historically aggrading Quaternary rift basin. (unm.edu)
  • Various agencies from the Animas River watershed are on a three-day tour of several Superfund sites in Colorado, hoping to gain knowledge on the process as stakeholders look to make a decision about long-term water treatment in the Animas basin. (coyotegulch.blog)
Model was calibrated2
  • The groundwater flow model was calibrated using UCODE, a USGS code for universal inverse modeling. (vt.edu)
  • The model was calibrated to observed hydraulic head information from 1969-1970. (vt.edu)
Contamination4
  • Contamination of groundwater resources by nitrate leaching under agricultural land is probably the most troublesome agriculture-related water contamination worldwide. (huji.ac.il)
  • Underground storage tanks for chemicals such as gasoline are especially concerning sources of groundwater contamination. (agnesschildorfer.com)
  • Some important topics include the properties of aquifers, the principles of groundwater flow, water chemistry, water quality and contamination, and groundwater development and management. (waveland.com)
  • The resources such as water are normally secured from contamination with the contents of the well during drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and production operations with a combined force of steel casing, cement sheaths as well as other mechanical isolation devices installed as a part of the well construction process (Carrillo, 2005). (writemyacademicessay.com)
Simulate4
  • A radially symmetric model was used to simulate groundwater flow, conservative solute transport, and heat transport. (tudelft.nl)
  • 6. Use hand calculations and computer modelling to simulate groundwater flow and contaminant transport in simple aquifer systems. (canterbury.ac.nz)
  • The bottom two layers were used to simulate deep regional flow within the system and account for possible vertical flow that may be occurring through deep fractures. (vt.edu)
  • We apply a monthly water-balance model (MWBM) to simulate components of the water balance for the period 1950-2099 under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for the Contiguous United States. (sciencebase.gov)
Leaky1
  • Aquifers are determined based on the absence or presence of water table positioning, that is, confined, unconfined, leaky aquifers and fractured aquifers. (intechopen.com)
Spatial10
  • Site conceptual models are continually refined, possibly using computer models, to address site-specific complexities involving spatial and temporal variations in flow, transport, and transformation processes. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Can the groundwater velocity and direction (and the spatial and temporal variation in both) be measured? (nationalacademies.org)
  • Contaminated areas often show large spatial variability of nitrate concentration in wells. (huji.ac.il)
  • However, this transport model failed in calculating the high concentrations in the most contaminated wells and the large spatial variability of nitrate concentrations in the aquifer. (huji.ac.il)
  • For example, some models are intended to address the spatial variations of systems such as heterogeneities, anisotropies, as well as temporal variations such as transient regimes. (ca.gov)
  • These Groundwater tools are available in the Spatial Analyst Tools toolbox. (enterprisesoftware.pl)
  • Spatial representation of the major groundwater flow systems in Idaho. (enterprisesoftware.pl)
  • I would imagine ArcGIS Spatial Analyst or maybe Geostatistical analyst could perform this function as well. (enterprisesoftware.pl)
  • This shapefile represents the spatial distribution of mean annual water-budget components, in inches, for the Island of Maui, Hawaii for a projected climate condition representative of phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) A1B 2080-99 scenario climate and 2017 land cover, as described in USGS SIR 2019-5064. (sciencebase.gov)
  • These shapefiles represent the spatial distribution of mean annual water-budget components, in inches, for the Island of Maui, Hawaii for a set of eight future climate and land-cover scenarios. (sciencebase.gov)
System33
  • Well information and groundwater-level measurements for the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, were compiled from data provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and seven other organizations. (usgs.gov)
  • These barriers divide the groundwater-flow system into several compartments with varying degrees of interconnection. (usgs.gov)
  • The lake system is managed by the Southwest Florida Water Management District as three distinct "pools," which from upstream to downstream are referred to as the Floral City Pool, Inverness Pool, and Hernando Pool. (usgs.gov)
  • Flow from the Withlacoochee River, when conditions allow, can be diverted into the lake system. (usgs.gov)
  • and to estimate an annual water budget for each pool and for the entire lake system for 2004-12. (usgs.gov)
  • Can the flow system be described at the specific site and at a larger scale? (nationalacademies.org)
  • The main objective of this study is to evaluate the hydrodynamic effects that have occurred in the last century of anthropogenic activity in this aquifer system. (mdpi.com)
  • To maintain the redundancy of this connection and to smooth out the daily water demand and supply fluctuations, PWN is exploring the implementation of an Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) system in Hoorn. (tudelft.nl)
  • The ASR system in Hoorn faces strict requirements, which address the challenge of maintaining water quality standards and optimising recovery efficiency. (tudelft.nl)
  • The ASR system operates by injecting drinking water into an aquifer during periods of water availability and recovering it when needed. (tudelft.nl)
  • However, the ASR system in Hoorn faces challenges related to maintaining water quality standards and optimising recovery efficiency. (tudelft.nl)
  • The pilot system consists of a single well where two pumps operate at two different filter depths in an aquifer. (tudelft.nl)
  • Due to the stringent water quality requirements, the radially symmetric model must accurately capture essential processes in an Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) system, such as flow, dispersion, retardation, and buoyancy. (tudelft.nl)
  • That implies a subsurface anisotropic zone, which lets the gorge act as a complex conduit-barrier system where adjacent N-S and S-N flow-fields confluence and get drained towards the Jordan Rift. (dggv.de)
  • The Queen City aquifer is primarily a water-table (unconfined) system in which effects of topography create a series of local ground-water basins. (utexas.edu)
  • Therefore, the validity of the results of any risk assessment effort based on modeling is directly related to the effectiveness of a model application in representing a ground water system. (ca.gov)
  • ATSDR requested the panel of nine experts to provide input on the agency's groundwater resources and water-distribution system modeling activities conducted from March-December 2004 at U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) Base, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. (cdc.gov)
  • To support both the groundwater and water-distribution system efforts, ATSDR should conduct in depth searching of records for additional quantitative data and detailed information of interconnections between the water-distribution systems. (cdc.gov)
  • ATSDR planned to extensively use water-distribution system models to estimate historical contaminant concentrations in the systems. (cdc.gov)
  • These reactions occur down-flow from the Rio Grande through the alluvial aquifer toward the drainage ditch system. (unm.edu)
  • The goal of this study was to determine the impact of land use activities on the subsurface flow regime in the Upper Roanoke River Watershed in Virginia to determine the impacts of land use change on the subsurface flow system, and to provide a tool for future management decisions. (vt.edu)
  • Land use activities can impact the groundwater system in two ways. (vt.edu)
  • The volume of water recharging the groundwater system can be reduced due to an increase in low permeable areas. (vt.edu)
  • MODFLOW, the USGS, three-dimensional, finite-difference, groundwater flow model was used to develop a regional conceptualization of the flow system. (vt.edu)
  • The fractured bedrock aquifer system consists of three sloping geohydrologic units: the Ordovician to Mississippian clastics, the Cambrian and Ordovician carbonates, and the Precambrian and Cambrian metamorphics and clastics. (vt.edu)
  • The discussion will address the value of a model which can both adequately represent the development and the wetland by incorporating infiltration-runoff effects, evapotranspiration changes, LID practices, groundwater regimes, and dynamic feedbacks between the wetland water level and the system. (chijournal.org)
  • If unusually high water flows occur in the water mains to due a main break, firefighting efforts, or during system flushing, then a customer's water may be brown or orange in color. (mylongview.com)
  • Since 1985, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), San Antonio Water System (SAWS), and other Federal and State agencies have conducted studies to better understand the transition zone. (usf.edu)
  • The water quality changes by reactive transport processes in a field MPPW-ASR system and their impact on RE were analyzed. (researchgate.net)
  • Groundwater system is very vital to humanity and the ecosystem. (intechopen.com)
  • The objective of this chapter is to discuss the characteristic and assessment of groundwater within the scope of vertical distribution of GW, types of the aquifer system, types of SW-GW interface, and SW-GW interaction at both local and regional scales. (intechopen.com)
  • Furthermore, understanding the SW-GW interactions through available methods (seepage meter, heat tracer, and environmental tracer) is useful in watershed management, that is, risk management and assessment of the aquifer system. (intechopen.com)
  • Calculate the radial flow to a well in a confined - unconfined aquifer system. (ogi-software.com)
Interaction1
  • This includes simulating surface water-groundwater interaction and groundwater pumping as well as applying basic model calibration concepts. (canterbury.ac.nz)
Slug test2
  • The Theis equation is a very simple (yet still very useful) analytic solution to the groundwater flow equation, typically used to analyze the results of an aquifer test or slug test. (agnesschildorfer.com)
  • Below the water table (i.e., aquifer), the slug test and pump test are the most common methods of measuring K sat . (confex.com)
Contaminant migration1
  • Tectonic forces impart characteristic structures on rock formations that influence the evolution of the landscape, groundwater flow, and contaminant migration. (itrcweb.org)
Conductivities2
  • The current conceptual model for the Main Range Volcanics in Queensland ( Figure 23 ) assumes that there is only limited vertical connectivity across the interface between the basalts and the underlying sedimentary bedrock due to the presence of weathering horizons with very low hydraulic conductivities. (bioregionalassessments.gov.au)
  • the role of downward percolation from the basalts to the underlying sedimentary bedrock is thought to be small in most areas as a result of the presence of thick weathering profiles developed on the sedimentary bedrock prior to eruption of the volcanics that limit vertical leakage across this interface due to their low hydraulic conductivities ( Figure 23 ). (bioregionalassessments.gov.au)
Major groundwater1
  • The conjoint interpretation of water table fluctuations indicate unexpected interactions of the river with the major groundwater resources of the entire region. (dggv.de)
Geologic3
  • This is consistent with the geologic interpretation of the Palouse Slope as being a gently folded structure created by voluminous sheet flows of CRBG lavas. (usgs.gov)
  • Analysis of the surficial and bedrock lithologic, stratigraphic, tectonic, structural, and physiographic characteristics allows the identifying of geologic patterns, features, and boundary conditions that influence fluid flow in fractured rock aquifers. (itrcweb.org)
  • Taken together, the rock type and the geologic forces cause fracture systems and terrane fabric that influence groundwater flow patterns . (itrcweb.org)
Processes9
  • However, as more monitoring and other data become available, the various plausible site conceptual models should gradually converge into a single picture encompassing all salient fluid flow and material transport and transformation processes. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Processes such as lateral flow, dispersion, and buoyancy affect the system's performance, and a thorough understanding of these processes is crucial for accurately predicting recovery efficiency. (tudelft.nl)
  • 2D transient numerical simulations of coupled fluid flow and heat transport processes are used to investigate the impact of (i) a zone of hydraulic anisotropy and (ii) abstraction on hydraulic heads and temperature profiles in the shallow aquifers. (dggv.de)
  • Furthermore, we couple the flow rate and temperature data to model the mixing processes that occurred following each earthquake. (copernicus.org)
  • Models were basically developed for the hydrogeological processes of flow, transport, and transformation, and have many specific applications. (ca.gov)
  • This step involves observations of processes which may affect ground water flow and mass balance, contaminant mass balance and transport, and contaminant mass transformation Figure 2. (ca.gov)
  • These redox processes depend on changes in hydraulic head driven by diel, seasonal, interannual, and irregular (anthropogenic) variations in river stage. (unm.edu)
  • We aim to include solute/vapor transport processes in both the saturated (groundwater) and unsaturated (vadose) zones, as well as across boundaries (coupled surface/ground water systems) at different scales. (copernicus.org)
  • Much effort has been placed in the fundamental understanding of these processes since they are of practical relevance to identify the fate of contaminants in surface and subsurface water that can affect human health and the environment. (copernicus.org)
Hydrogeological2
  • 1. Assess hydrogeological controls on groundwater storage and flow. (canterbury.ac.nz)
  • The general aim of this study is to rely on the application of resistivity method to determine and model the direction of underground water as well as the hydrogeological pattern around Obubra area of Cross River State, Nigeria. (projectclue.com)
Characteristics3
  • What are the lithology of the subsurface and groundwater flow characteristics as they pertain to the source zone? (nationalacademies.org)
  • The lack of nested bore sites within the Clarence-Moreton bioregion that enable different sedimentary bedrock stratigraphic units to be simultaneously monitored significantly limits the understanding of inter-aquifer connectivity as it is currently based primarily on inferred petrophysical characteristics of different stratigraphic units and on aquifer geometry. (bioregionalassessments.gov.au)
  • The exchange of the chemical and physical characteristics in water will affect the quality of groundwater resources, hence leading to the availability of humans in terms of quantity [ 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
Homogeneous1
  • The main reason for this difference is that these layers are not homogeneous throughout the depths, allowing water to flow between them. (tudelft.nl)
Karst3
  • The Upper Floridan aquifer is generally unconfined in the vicinity of Tsala Apopka Lake because the intermediate confining unit is discontinuous and breached by numerous karst features. (usgs.gov)
  • In this study, the nutrient flux occurring within the surface and groundwaters of a lowland karst catchment in western Ireland was investigated with the aid of alkalinity sampling and a hydrological model. (copernicus.org)
  • Lowland karst aquifers provide important wetland habitat resulting from seasonal flooding on the land surface. (copernicus.org)
Geochemical4
  • The hydrologic interactions were evaluated using hydraulic head and geochemical data. (usgs.gov)
  • Geochemical data, including major ion, isotope, and age-tracer data, were used to evaluate sources of water and to distinguish flow paths. (usgs.gov)
  • The models support the geochemical indicated existence of a structural feature along the principle axis of the gorge, which hydraulically connects groundwaters in both flanks, while cross flow of groundwaters is prevented. (dggv.de)
  • Restoration should include geochemical and hydrologic monitoring of groundwater - surface water interactions. (unm.edu)
Wetlands3
  • Each pool contains a mixture of deep-water lakes that remain wet year round, ephemeral (seasonal) ponds and wetlands, and dry uplands. (usgs.gov)
  • A wetland water balance study has been conducted to develop reference hydrologic regimes for two wetlands in Pickering, Ontario. (chijournal.org)
  • Wetlands are sensitive ecosystems under significant pressure from land use changes and land and water management practices. (chijournal.org)
Equation1
Seepage7
  • and seepage water. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pilot project seeks to determine the appropriate technology needed to control seepage from Everglades National Park (ENP), and provide the appropriate amount of ground-water flow to minimize potential impacts to the West Well Field and Biscayne Bay. (usgs.gov)
  • To meet these needs, a levee cut-off wall (vertical subsurface barrier) has been proposed along Levee 31N in Miami-Dade County to reduce seepage flow from ENP. (usgs.gov)
  • An integrated, multidisciplinary investigation of ground-water flow is currently in progress by the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as part of the Levee 31N Seepage Management Pilot Project. (usgs.gov)
  • Pre-seepage pilot wall ground-water flow patterns are being assessed through use of in situ heat-pulse flowmeter measurements, monitoring the vertical changes in hydraulic head and temperature, ground-water age dating, and measurement of the vertical change in ambient ground-water quality. (usgs.gov)
  • This example calculates the groundwater volume balance raster as well as the flow direction and seepage velocity of an aquifer. (enterprisesoftware.pl)
  • 1-3 for transect A-E) which are known to be a former gravel bar in groundwater seepage back into stream is much easier and the there is also about a 1meter difference almost immediately before the back piezometers, as there is a chute channel running in between. (enterprisesoftware.pl)
Impacts1
  • These methods, however, have adverse environmental effects and social impacts especially on other resources important to man such as water resources (Arthur et al, 2008). (writemyacademicessay.com)
Hydrologic2
  • The wetland hydroperiod describes the seasonal change in wetland water depth, or its hydrologic signature , which is dependent on the maintenance of water transfer mechanisms into and out of the wetland ( Mitsch and Gosselink 2000 ). (chijournal.org)
  • Groundwater and surface water are two major components of the hydrologic cycle, which describes how water circulates between different reservoirs on Earth. (slingshotrentalsofswfl.com)
Assessment4
  • Although one can reasonably expect that such constituents will often be reduced during filtration through the soil, as well as subsequently in the aquifer, a conservative approach to risk assessment would assume that toxicants and microorganisms are not completely removed and some are affected only minimally prior to subsequent extraction and use. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The course includes hands-on training experience including life cycle analysis, environmental chemistry, water, solid waste, hazardous waste, risk assessment and air pollution. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Steven Hart Co-Founder Principal Hydrogeologist Steve has 30 years of experience in all facets of soil and groundwater assessment and remediation at sites throughout the United States. (agnesschildorfer.com)
  • The assessment of soil and ground water pollution and determining site suitability for land-based waste management systems are common examples. (confex.com)
20171
Surface23
  • Groundwater is stored in and moves slowly (compared to surface runoff in temperate conditions and watercourses) through layers or zones of soil, sand and rocks: aquifers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The violations stem from discharges of arsenic from Dominion's Chesapeake Energy Center ('CEC') into the surrounding surface waters. (justia.com)
  • The piles and lagoons, in turn, conveyed arsenic created in the power plant to groundwater and, through the groundwater, to surrounding surface waters. (justia.com)
  • Under the CWA, any entity discharging pollutants into the surface waters must secure a permit. (justia.com)
  • Dominion's consolidation of waste and conveyance of arsenic through groundwater to the surface water forms the primary basis of the Sierra Club's CWA claim. (justia.com)
  • A water sampling campaign from May 2001 through April 2002 established seasonal major element and redox chemistry using dialysis multi-level samplers, wells, and surface water sampling. (unm.edu)
  • I wanted to create a water table surface from water elevations in wells throughout my study area and stream elevations. (enterprisesoftware.pl)
  • So what I'm trying to do is pretty simple, basically I just want the groundwater table of my 3D (8 layers each 25 m) model to be at 20 m below the surface. (dhigroup.com)
  • Free surface and chose 'unconfined aquifer' (unsure about constraint vs unconstraint head? (dhigroup.com)
  • I understand it as 'There is the pressure of 5 m water column at this point' which would mean that the water table is at 5 m below surface at that point. (dhigroup.com)
  • and (4) Groundwater flow divides correspond to surface-water flow divides. (vt.edu)
  • What are the main differences and similarities between ground and surface water? (slingshotrentalsofswfl.com)
  • What are the main sources and sinks of ground and surface water? (slingshotrentalsofswfl.com)
  • What are the main types and properties of surface water bodies? (slingshotrentalsofswfl.com)
  • How is surface water measured and monitored? (slingshotrentalsofswfl.com)
  • What are the main challenges and opportunities for surface water management? (slingshotrentalsofswfl.com)
  • H4: Ground And Surface Water Interactions - How do ground and surface water interact with each other? (slingshotrentalsofswfl.com)
  • Groundwater is the water that exists below the land surface in pores and fractures of rocks and sediments. (slingshotrentalsofswfl.com)
  • Water near, and at, the land surface most often occurs in very thin flows. (bioregionalassessments.gov.au)
  • Surface roughness also affects flow velocity (e.g. vegetation cover density and size, material at the surface, presence of other debris). (bioregionalassessments.gov.au)
  • Any natural or anthropogenic activity that changes the roughness, local slope, local flow direction, vegetation or surface material can affect surface flow direction and velocity. (bioregionalassessments.gov.au)
  • Most water fluxes occur at the surface and in near-surface rock layers. (bioregionalassessments.gov.au)
  • I produced a 3D model of the piezometric surface of the fractured rock aquifer that revealed areas of concentrated changes in hydraulic head from 2004-2005. (sdsu.edu)
Slope1
  • On the Palouse Slope in the central GWMA, large groundwater declines occurred during 1968-2009 along a north-south swath in the middle of the region. (usgs.gov)
Anomalous2
  • Earthquake-induced hydrological anomalous phenomena, such as changes in water levels (Hosono et al. (copernicus.org)
  • I interpreted this as an area of higher interconnected fractures, leading to an anomalous increase in groundwater elevations at that specific locale. (sdsu.edu)
Temperature4
  • In this study, we quantitatively analyze the mechanism of coseismic response in water level and flow rate from an artesian well in southwestern China before and after multiple earthquakes and reveal the origin of the earthquake-induced hydrological response based on the monitoring data of water temperature. (copernicus.org)
  • Water level and temperature always show coseismic step-like increases following earthquakes, which are independent of the earthquakes' epicentral distances and magnitudes. (copernicus.org)
  • The results indicate that coseismic temperature changes are the result of the mixing of different volumes of water from shallow and deep aquifers, with the mixing ratio varying according to each earthquake. (copernicus.org)
  • High-Temperature Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (HT-ATES) systems have the potential to cost-effectively store large volumes of thermal energy, bridging the supply-demand gap for variable renewable heat sources, such as solar thermal or power-2-heat conversion [3, 4]. (researchgate.net)
Steady flow1
  • Name: DarcyFlow_Ex_02.py # Description: Calculates the groundwater volume balance residual and other # outputs for steady flow in an aquifer. (enterprisesoftware.pl)
Typically3
  • When I mean uniform, groundwater systems typically flow in few direction but as a collective. (enterprisesoftware.pl)
  • Aeration - The process of bringing air into contact with a liquid (typically water), usually by bubbling air through the liquid, spraying the liquid into the air, allowing the liquid to cascade down a waterfall, or by mechanical agitation. (carwashloansinfo.com)
  • Algae are not typically found in groundwater. (carwashloansinfo.com)
Geophysical2
  • Borehole geophysical, fluid, and hydraulic properties within and surro" by Jonathan V. Thomas, Gregory P. Stanton et al. (usf.edu)
  • Electrical resistivity method is one of the most useful techniques in groundwater geophysical exploration, because the resistivity of rocks is sensitive to its ionic content (Alile, et al. (projectclue.com)
Pollution2
Sustainable3
  • 7. Discuss issues relating to sustainable groundwater management. (canterbury.ac.nz)
  • Little draw down has been observed in the deep aquifer since the Mint Farm Regional Water Treatment Plant started producing water, further confirmation the aquifer is a sustainable supply. (mylongview.com)
  • Aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) is a technology with worldwide potential to provide sustainable space heating and cooling using groundwater stored at different temperatures. (researchgate.net)
Solute1
  • Subsurface flow and solute transport: Concepts, modelling, observations and applications of dispersion, mixing and reactive transport in heterogeneous media. (copernicus.org)
Fluid3
  • Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is defined as a process by which a fluid - a mix of water, sand, and chemical additives - is injected into wells under high pressure to create cracks and fissures in rock formations that improve the production of these wells. (writemyacademicessay.com)
  • Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is defined as a technique by which a fluid is injected into wells under high pressure to trigger cracks and fissures in rock formations that improve the production of these wells (Cipolla et al, 2010). (writemyacademicessay.com)
  • Fluid is a mixture of water, sand, and chemical additives. (writemyacademicessay.com)
Subsurface water1
  • Groundwater (GW) belongs to all subsurface water, including saturated and unsaturated zones. (intechopen.com)
Modeling7
  • A significant step in ground water flow and contaminant transport modeling began with advancements in personal computer technology in the early 1980's. (ca.gov)
  • Today, ground water modeling and graphics packages are so user-friendly that even non-modelers can easily apply them. (ca.gov)
  • As explained during the meeting, these present-day modeling activities are being conducted to enable ATSDR to historically reconstruct the water systems serving the base from 1968-1985. (cdc.gov)
  • Tap in to water management modeling that excels. (chijournal.org)
  • Our peer-reviewed, open-access Journal of Water Management Modeling. (chijournal.org)
  • The International Conference on Water Management Modeling. (chijournal.org)
  • This session combines presentations on recent developments in understanding, measuring, and modeling subsurface flow and transport. (copernicus.org)