Common inbred strains include BALB/c, C3H, C57BL/6 and DBA. (uwm.edu)
For instance, C57BL/6J mice are resistant to hepatic, renal and cardiac fibrosis but susceptible to pulmonary and intestinal fibrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Strains15
Together they generated the DBA (Dilute, Brown and non-Agouti) inbred mouse strain and initiated the systematic generation of inbred strains. (wikipedia.org)
The laboratory is also the world's source for more than 8,000 strains of genetically defined mice and is home of the Mouse Genome Informatics database. (wikipedia.org)
There are hundreds of established inbred, outbred, and transgenic strains. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic factors are important in the development of autoimmune disease, since such diseases develop in certain strains of mice (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus or lupus in MRL mice) without any apparent infectious environmental trigger. (cdc.gov)
Species of GAMMARETROVIRUS , containing many well-defined strains, producing leukemia in mice. (lookformedical.com)
Inbred strains are the result of at least 20 generations of brother-sister mating. (uwm.edu)
There are over 400 documented inbred strains of mice. (uwm.edu)
There is mounting evidence suggesting that inbred mouse strains with different genetic backgrounds demonstrate variable susceptibility to a fibrotic injury. (biomedcentral.com)
A total of 44 studies were included covering 21 mouse strains and focusing on fibrosis in the lung, liver, kidney, intestine and heart. (biomedcentral.com)
Few studies have assessed the effect of the same injury stimulus in different organ systems using the same strains of mouse. (biomedcentral.com)
Mice are also easy to breed with a short generation time and a short life span allowing direct study of disease development and can accurately eludicidate how genetic sequences may vary in different strains and result in susceptibility to fibrotic pathologies. (biomedcentral.com)
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis is a common genetic approach that has been used in the past two decades to identify loci involved in differences in fibrotic response between inbred strains of mice [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In this approach, two inbred strains that differ in fibrotic response are crossed and the F1 offspring are either mated together (intercross) or to one of the parental strains (backcross). (biomedcentral.com)
Quantitative trait loci analysis can be time consuming and can only analyse two different mouse strains at a time. (biomedcentral.com)
Histamine-induced microvascular leakage in pial venules: differences between the SJL/J and BALB/c inbred strains of mice. (tamu.edu)
Metastasis3
Effects on metastasis by the expression of MRP-1 CD9 were investigated with mouse melanoma BL6 cells-BALB/c nu/nu mouse system. (nih.gov)
High aldehyde dehydrogenase activity identifies tumor-initiating and metastasis-initiating cells in human prostate cancer. (ox.ac.uk)
Our findings suggest that ALDH-based viable cell sorting can be used to identify and characterize tumor-initiating and, more importantly perhaps, metastasis-initiating cells in human prostate cancer. (ox.ac.uk)
Specificity1
The specificity of rabbit polyclonal antibodies to the LC3A and the LC3B was tested against the commercial available human recombinant proteins LC3A and LC3B. (ox.ac.uk)
Cells18
The expression plasmid for MRP-1/CD9 was introduced into Chinese hamster ovary cells, human lung adenocarcinoma cell line MAC10 (MRP-1 positive), and human myeloma cell line ARH77 (MRP-1 negative). (nih.gov)
We describe in both mice and humans a previously unrecognized pathway for the activation of tumor antigen-specific T-cell immunity that involves secretion of the high-mobility-group box 1 (HMGB1) alarmin protein by dying tumor cells and the action of HMGB1 on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expressed by dendritic cells (DCs). (nih.gov)
We have found that CB3 triggers autoimmune disease in susceptible mice by stimulating elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines from mast cells during the innate immune response. (cdc.gov)
The antibody reacted strongly with fresh human melanoma cells and exhibited preferential reactivity with established human melanoma and neuroectodermal tumor cell lines. (duke.edu)
mAb 16.C8 mediated lysis of melanoma cells in vitro in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays using human mononuclear effector cells isolated from normal volunteers or malignant melanoma patients. (duke.edu)
Two monoclonal antibodies, TAL-1B5 and TAL-3C3, specific for human Ia alpha-chain subunits have been produced by fusing P3/NSI/1-Ag4-1 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized with purified alpha-chains. (ox.ac.uk)
Indirect binding assays demonstrated that TAL-1B5 bound strongly to all human B lymphoblastoid lines tested and to CLLs, but only weakly to PBL-B cells and not to PBL-T cells or the T-cell lines Molt 4 and HSB-2. (ox.ac.uk)
2D-NEPHGE/SDS-PAGE analysis of TAL-1B5 immunoprecipitates from [35S]-methionine biosynthetically labelled cells revealed the presence of a number of alpha-chain spots in association with beta-chain products of three previously described loci (beta-1, beta-2, beta-3) suggesting that this antibody recognizes an antigenic site common to those human Ia alpha-chains so far identified. (ox.ac.uk)
Metastatic mammary carcinoma cells (4T1-GFP) were injected into BALB/c mice via intracerebral, intracardiac or intravenous routes to induce differing cerebral and systemic tumour burdens. (ox.ac.uk)
B16F10 melanoma and MDA231BR-GFP human breast carcinoma cells were used for additional modelling. (ox.ac.uk)
The r-BCG elicited a specific T cells response in Balb/c mice higher than wt BCG. (unicatt.it)
In this study, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity was used as a basis to isolate and compare subpopulations of primary human prostate cancer cells and cell lines. (ox.ac.uk)
Several ALDH isoforms were expressed in human prostate cancer cells and clinical specimens of primary prostate tumors with matched bone metastases. (ox.ac.uk)
METHODS: BALB/c or SCID mice were injected intracardially (10(5) cells/100 μL phosphate-buffered saline with either 4T1-GFP or MDA231BR-GFP cells, respectively (n = 4-6/group), and expression of the CAMs was determined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence colocalisation. (ox.ac.uk)
Both antibodies recognized human Langerhans cells, previously shown to express RANK, while dermal dendritic cells were poorly labeled. (cnrs.fr)
In vivo R12-31 agonist activity was demonstrated by its ability to induce the formation of intestinal villous microfold cells in mice. (cnrs.fr)
Spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse that had been immunized with human thymocytes were fused with the myeloma line P3-NS 1/1 Ag 4.1. (ox.ac.uk)
The four peptides efficiently inhibited CXCL12-dependent migration at concentrations as low as 10 nM and delayed CXCL12-mediated wound healing in PES43 human melanoma cells. (cnr.it)
Liver3
In addition, the administration of mAb 16.C8 to nude mice bearing established human melanoma lung and liver metastases resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth as shown by gross and histologic examination. (duke.edu)
In order to measure 'autophagic flux' in mouse liver, lung, kidney and heart we used: (1) a lysosomotropic reagent chloroquine, which inhibit the intra-lysosomal acidification or their fusion with autophagosome, (2) nutrient starvation as an autophagic stimulus and (3) ionizing radiation, which is known to destabilize lysosomes. (ox.ac.uk)
According to the immunoblotting work the LC3A protein follows discrete patterns of LC3A-I and LC3A-II changes in liver, lung, kidney and heart tissues of mice, whereas the LC3B protein didn't follow the same pattern under stressor conditions. (ox.ac.uk)
Spleen2
The r-BCG amount used to immunise mice determined diverse Th1/Th2 equilibriums, which was not the same in spleen and Lymph Nodes. (unicatt.it)
Administration of this oligonucleotide, but not of a control oligonucleotide lacking this motif, to mice led to the disappearance of DC from the marginal zone and T-cell areas of spleen, but not from heart or kidney. (ox.ac.uk)
Inflammation1
For example, coxsackievirus B3 (CB3) infection of susceptible mice results in inflammation of the heart (myocarditis) that resembles myocarditis in humans. (cdc.gov)
Antibodies4
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies recognizing the alpha-chain subunits of human ia alloantigens. (ox.ac.uk)
Unexpectedly, the C"D loop reactivity of a panel of new antibodies raised against human CD28 could be predicted solely on the basis of their superagonistic properties. (ox.ac.uk)
We found that both antibodies recognized mouse RANK with high affinity, while RANK-02 and R12-31 recognized human RANK with high and lower affinities, respectively. (cnrs.fr)
Bat-SRBD was infectious in cell culture and in mice and was efficiently neutralized by antibodies specific for both bat and human CoV Spike proteins. (unc.edu)
Genetic6
One naturally occurring genetic defect in mice results in an animal with no hair that is called a nude. (uwm.edu)
Although in vivo models of pathologic processes are useful only if they provide information that can be extrapolated to other species of interest, particularly to humans, and it is known that no model behaves ideally, it is also true that they allow not only to replicate but also, in some cases, to anticipate the genetic architecture of complex human phenotypes as is the case of cancer disease. (biomedcentral.com)
It was generated to be used as a base population of broad genetic basis and as the control line of an experiment of artificial body-conformation selection which gave rise, among others, to CBi − and CBi/L mice lines [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In humans, a number of genetic factors have been linked to the development of fibrosis in a variety of different organs. (biomedcentral.com)
Such mouse strain studies may prove useful in elucidating the genetic as well as epigenetic factors in humans that could help determine why some people are more susceptible to the development of certain organ specific fibrosis than others. (biomedcentral.com)
However, predicting tenable pathways of animal-to-human movement has been hindered by challenges in identifying reservoir species, cultivating zoonotic organisms in culture, and isolating full-length genomes for cloning and genetic studies. (unc.edu)
Hybridomas1
Moreover, mouse CD28 molecules engineered to express the rat or human C"D loop sequences activated T cell hybridomas without TCR ligation when cross-linked by superagonistic mAbs. (ox.ac.uk)
Strain4
However, we were able to detect low levels of sensitization using biomarkers of allergy and asthma in lung fluid and plasma of the exposed CCRILs and inbred mice and to demonstrate inter-strain differences after exposure to HDI-IC. (cdc.gov)
CBi is an inbred mouse strain derived from an outbred population generated by crossing BALB/c, Rockland, NIH and Swiss mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Data were collected from studies that were deemed eligible for analysis based on set inclusion criteria, and findings were assessed in relation to strain of mouse, type of injury and organ of investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
There is evidence that mouse strain differences influence susceptibility to fibrosis and this appears to be organ specific. (biomedcentral.com)
Rats2
Little and Castle collaborated closely with Abbie Lathrop who was a breeder of fancy mice and rats which she marketed to rodent hobbyists and keepers of exotic pets, and later began selling in large numbers to scientific researchers. (wikipedia.org)
Rats bearing the Dunning R-3327H rat prostate cancer and nude mice bearing LNCaP or PC-3 human prostate cancer xenografts were used as model systems. (aacrjournals.org)
Antibody6
A combination of HS201-PDT with anti-PD-L1 antibody demonstrated the greatest antigen-specific immune response, tumor growth suppression, prolonged mouse survival time and abscopal effect. (bmj.com)
Murine, antihuman melanoma cell monoclonal antibody (mAb) 16.C8 was generated by fusing the murine myeloma cell line P3X63/Ag8.653 with splenocytes from a nude mouse bearing a human melanoma xenograft, after reconstitution with splenocytes from syngeneic immunocompetent BALB/c mice. (duke.edu)
This radiotracer comprises an IgG1 monoclonal antibody, known as VG76e, that binds to human VEGF, labeled with a positron-emitting radionuclide, iodine-124 ([(124)I]-SHPP-VG76e). (ox.ac.uk)
A human thymocyte antigen defined by a hybrid myeloma monoclonal antibody. (ox.ac.uk)
One of the resulting hybrid clones (NA 1/34) secreted an antibody that was highly specific for human thymocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
We observed that higher anti-PspA levels correlated with intense antibody binding to the pneumococcal surface, while elevated complement deposition was observed with sera that presented balanced immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)/IgG2a ratios, such as those from DNA-immunized mice. (ox.ac.uk)
Xenografts6
50: 6119-6129, 1990) that O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG) enhances nitrosourea, temozolomide, and cyclophosphamide activity in malignant glioma xenografts growing in athymic nude mice. (duke.edu)
Background We previously demonstrated potent antitumor activity against human breast cancer xenografts using photodynamic therapy (PDT) targeting a novel tumor-specific photosensitizer (HS201), which binds heat shock protein 90 (HS201-PDT). (bmj.com)
Using polymer-coating technology to deliver a replicating Ad5 systemically, virus replication and transgene expression was almost totally confined to tumor tissues, giving a much improved therapeutic index compared with uncoated virus, and complete control of human HepG2 tumor xenografts. (ox.ac.uk)
0.05) inhibits growth of LNCaP human prostate cancer xenografts in intact male nude mice, but this inhibition is not as great as that by equimolar oral dosing with dutasteride. (aacrjournals.org)
In contrast, no response was induced by dutasteride in nude mice bearing androgen-independent PC-3 human prostatic cancer xenografts. (aacrjournals.org)
To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and VEGF-specific localization of [(124)I]-SHPP-VG76e, two subclones of the HT1080 human fibrosarcoma selected on the basis of differing VEGF production (26.6 and 1/3C, the former producing 2-4-fold more in vitro) were established in culture and grown as solid tumor xenografts in immune-deficient mice. (ox.ac.uk)
Genetics3
In the early part of the 20th century, Harvard undergraduate Clarence Cook Little was conducting studies on mouse genetics in the laboratory of William Ernest Castle. (wikipedia.org)
NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. (nih.gov)
Mice provide a suitable model for the study of human genetics because more than 95% of the genome is identical. (biomedcentral.com)
Knockout1
This work aims at characterizing the ability of sera to bind to the pneumococcal surface and to mediate complement deposition, using BALB/c wild-type and interleukin-4 knockout mice. (ox.ac.uk)
Metastatic1
These results suggest that mAb 16.C8 may be of value in treatment of metastatic melanoma in humans. (duke.edu)
Inhibition1
KTM2 osteosarcoma lung metastases were also reduced in Balb/C mice following CXCR4 inhibition. (cnr.it)
Vaccines1
DNA vaccines based on genetically detoxified derivatives of pneumolysin fail to protect mice against challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae. (ox.ac.uk)
Mammary2
The present study was designed to characterize the interaction between mammary adenocarcinoma M-406 and CBi, CBi − and CBi/L inbred mice lines. (biomedcentral.com)
The mammary adenocarcinoma M-406 developed spontaneously in a CBi mouse. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumors3
Although IL-12 given alone to mice bearing tumors established for 3 days did not have consistent antitumor activity, a profound therapeutic effect was observed when IL-12 administration was combined with a recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) encoding beta-gal called VJS6. (univr.it)
Methods Using unilateral and bilateral implantation models of syngeneic breast tumors (E0771, MM3MG-HER2, and JC-HER3) in mice, we assessed whether HS201-PDT could induce local and systemic antitumor immunity. (bmj.com)
Disease is commonly induced by injecting filtrates of propagable tumors into newborn mice. (lookformedical.com)
Collaborative-Cross1
Because it is unethical to expose humans to induce DA, we postulated that the use of a genetically diverse mouse model, the Collaborative-Cross (CCRIL), compared to an inbred mouse, BALB/cJ, will demonstrate how each reacts to low, medium, and high levels of HDI-IC to aid in the understanding of the cause of and susceptibility to DA in humans. (cdc.gov)
Genome3
The laboratory mouse genome has been sequenced and many mouse genes have human homologues. (wikipedia.org)
To date, the Mouse Genome Database through The Jackson Laboratory, lists 24 QTL in mice associated with fibrosis of which all but 3 are phenotypes in the lung. (biomedcentral.com)
To test a possible route of emergence from the noncultivable Bat-SCoV to human SARS-CoV, we designed a consensus Bat-SCoV genome and replaced the Bat-SCoV Spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) with the SARS-CoV RBD (Bat-SRBD). (unc.edu)
Male1
Male BALB/c mice were exposed head/nose-only during three consecutive days for 45, 90, 180, or 360 min/day to et al. (cdc.gov)
Metastases2
Early Diagnosis of Brain Metastases Using a Biofluids-Metabolomics Approach in Mice. (ox.ac.uk)
Intraperitoneal treatment with peptides R, I or S drastically reduced the number of B16-CXCR4-derived lung metastases in C57/BL mice. (cnr.it)
Assays1
Real-time PCR and enzymatic assays were used to determine the levels of SRD5A1 and SRD5A2 in normal versus malignant rat and human prostatic tissues. (aacrjournals.org)
Proteins3
The same disease can be induced by injecting mice with heart proteins mixed with adjuvant(s), which indicates that an active infection is not necessary for the development of autoimmune disease. (cdc.gov)
Proteins synthesized by HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES such as the HIV-1 and HIV-2 . (lookformedical.com)
The human parasite Plasmodium falciparum has the potential to express a vast repertoire of variant proteins on the surface of the infected red blood cell (iRBC). (ox.ac.uk)
Methods2
The most commonly used methods for catching and picking up mice are grasping the animal near the tip of the tail, between thumb and forefinger, or by grasping the tail near the base or the neck between the ends of a smooth tipped forceps. (uwm.edu)
METHODS: IL-33 levels were quantified in neonatal mice given inhaled house dust mite (HDM), and the effect of blocking IL-13 on remodeling and IL-33 levels was assessed. (ox.ac.uk)
Phenotypes2
In a previous study, we characterized behavioral phenotypes of a mouse model generated by a sequential process of early-life social stress imitating child abuse or maltreatment composed of maternal separation (MS), social defeat (SD), and social isolation (SI). (encephalitisjournal.org)
The MS/SD/SI mice exhibited hyper-phenotypes of social interaction and offensive aggressiveness and hypo-phenotypes of predator fear and empathy-related behavior. (encephalitisjournal.org)
Models2
This close relationship, the associated high homology with humans, their ease of maintenance and handling, and their high reproduction rate, make mice particularly suitable models for human-oriented research. (wikipedia.org)
We also observed different forms of asthma in response to HDI-IC treatment between the mouse models. (cdc.gov)
Streptococcus1
UNLABELLED: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common human nasopharyngeal commensal colonizing 10% to 40% of healthy individuals, depending on age. (lu.se)
Differences1
Differences in cytokines production were found for IL-10, IL-4, TNF-alpha, and Arginase-1, which, in some conditions, resulted higher in r-BCG as compared to wt BCG-immunised mice. (unicatt.it)
Vitro2
On the basis of the reported synergistic effects of IL-12 and the costimulatory molecule B7-1 (CD80) in vitro, we immunized mice with a double recombinant vaccinia encoding both the model tumor Ag and the costimulatory molecule B7-1, designated B7-1 beta-gal rVV. (univr.it)
The same CpG did not cause maturation of monocyte-derived human DC in vitro, but lipopolysaccharide-treated monocyte-derived DC showed enhanced functional activity and up-regulated co-stimulatory molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
Immune1
These mice have deficiencies in their immune systems and thereby prove valuable in the study of immune diseases and cancer. (uwm.edu)
Genetically1
In conclusion, this study provides critical insight into how genetically different mice react to different levels of HDI-IC exposure and further shows that the use of the genetically diverse mouse model is required to investigate the mechanism and risk of skin sensitization and development of DA due to diisocyanate exposure. (cdc.gov)