• An infectious transfer and expression system for genomic DNA loci in human and mouse cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To demonstrate that genomic loci transferred in this way are functional, the complete human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) locus contained within a 115-kilobase BAC insert was shown to be expressed when delivered by infection into both a human HPRT-deficient fibroblast cell line and a mouse primary hepatocyte culture derived from Hprt-/- mice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Researchers in Human Genetics and Genomics Advances report that how researchers describe genomic studies may alienate potential participants. (genomeweb.com)
  • After summarizing the dizzying accelerating pace at which complete genome sequences are being acquiredeukaryotic, viral, bacterial, archaeal-Relman discusses how microbial genomic diversity impacts on health and disease, as illustrated by concepts such as the pangenome, genome reduction, genomic islands, CRISPR loci, and others. (asmblog.org)
  • Relman highlights the importance of horizontal gene transfer and genomic islands. (asmblog.org)
  • Delivery of the 135 kb human frataxin genomic DNA locus gives rise to different frataxin isoforms. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our previous studies demonstrated the advantages of using high-capacity herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) amplicon vectors containing the entire FXN genomic locus (iBAC-FXN) as a gene-delivery vehicle capable of ensuring physiologically-regulated and long-term persistence. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here we describe how expression from the 135 kb human FXN genomic locus produces the three frataxin isoforms both in cultured neuronal cells and also in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These results lend further support to the potential use of HSV-1 vectors containing entire genomic loci whose expression is mediated by complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms for gene therapy applications. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The long-term goal of this research is to apply statistical genomic approaches developed by human geneticists to the identification of bacterial virulence factors that contribute to disease in natural populations. (drexel.edu)
  • We are applying a variety of genomic methods to identifying putative virulence genes, including machine learning and phylogenetic correlated evolution methods. (drexel.edu)
  • 26 genomic loci were identified whose haploinsufficiency can modify these CDK8- or CycC-specific phenotypes. (sdbonline.org)
  • Professor Black is a member of the Centre for Translational Cancer Research, and his research focuses on the development of methods for the analysis of genomic data, with a strong emphasis on cancer and other human diseases. (otago.ac.nz)
  • The Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) nuclease can be efficiently targeted to genomic loci by means of singleguide RNAs (sgRNAs) to enable genome editing 1 - 10 . (cdc.gov)
  • 100 predicted genomic off-target loci in 293T and 293FT cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Following crRNA and tracrRNA hybridization, SpCas9 is targeted to genomic loci matching a 20-nt guide sequence within the crRNA, immediately upstream of a required 5′-NGG protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • Genome sequences were then de novo assembled using SPAdes v3.9.1 ( I ) with parameters "- iontorrent and -k15,21,35,55,99,127. (cdc.gov)
  • The draft genome sequences of the aforementioned isolates and additional genome sequences (n = 37) of isolates from different genotypes and hosts (Appendix Table), including genomes from clinical cases of streptococcosis in humans (associated with raw fish consumption in Southeast Asia) were submitted to phylogenomic analysis based on whole genome MLST. (cdc.gov)
  • 7. Areechon N, Kannika K, Hirono I, Kondo H, Unajak S. Draft genome sequences of Streptococcus agalactiae serotype Ia and III isolates from tilapia farms in Thailand. (cdc.gov)
  • Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes show human-like sequences at both loci, corroborating estimates that the initial pseudogenization events occurred in the common ancestral population of these hominins. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Genome sequences provide the blueprint for es- sential microbial and viral components, the dis-ruption of which can lead to growth inhibition and death. (asmblog.org)
  • The new isolates formed a distinct clade, which was most closely related to Leptospira borgpetersenii, in multilocus sequence analysis using concatenated sequences of the genes rpoB, recA, fusA, gyrB, leuS and sucA. (nih.gov)
  • 0.5) selected from among all common variants discovered in genome sequences in this population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MIRU-VNTR analysis, on the other hand, uses mini-satellite sequences (tandem repeats of 10-100 nucleotides) dispersed at multiple loci in the bacterial genome. (frontiersin.org)
  • What Is the Size Distribution of snRNA Genes and Related Sequences in the Genome? (cshlpress.com)
  • The geno-mic component is a DNA loci containing short frag-ments of targeted nucleic acid sequences (spacers) inter-spaced by short repeated sequences (repeats). (pjmonline.org)
  • Consider the gbgss92.seq file: GBGSS1.SEQ Genetic Sequence Data Bank April 15 2004 NCBI-GenBank Flat File Release 141.0 GSS Sequences (Part 1) 88249 loci, 65635323 bases, from 88249 reported sequences Here, the filename and part number in the header is '1', though the file has been renamed as '92' based on the files dumped from the other system. (bio.net)
  • To facilitate mammalian genome engineering applications, we provide a web-based software tool to guide the selection and validation of target sequences as well as off-target analyses. (cdc.gov)
  • Although an sgRNA design consisting of a truncated crRNA and tracrRNA had been previously shown to mediate efficient cleavage in vitro 12 , it failed to achieve detectable cleavage at several loci that were efficiently modified by crRNA-tracrRNA duplexes bearing identical guide sequences 1 . (cdc.gov)
  • While whole genome sequencing has led to the identification of biofilm synthesis gene clusters in many bacterial species, bioinformatics has not identified the biofilm synthesis genes within the L. monocytogenes genome. (harvard.edu)
  • The increasing accessibility of whole-genome sequencing across research and clinical settings has improved our ability to predict antibacterial susceptibility, to track epidemics at the level of individual outbreaks and wider historical trends, to query the efficacy of the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, and to uncover targets for novel antitubercular therapeutics. (jci.org)
  • Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of M. tuberculosis and related mycobacteria is now routine, allowing comparisons across time and space. (jci.org)
  • Whole-genome methylation profiling reveals regions associated with painful temporomandibular disorders and active recovery processes. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Highly duplicated and polymorphic regions of the human genome such as the MHC are, however, somewhat refractory to some whole-genome analysis methods. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The genomes were submitted to Bacterial Isolate Genome Sequence Database (BIGSdb), where all loci were compared 1 by 1 between isolates using a gene-by-gene approach ( 2 ) in a GenomeComparator plugin. (cdc.gov)
  • 2015 Epidemic of severe Streptococcus agalactiae sequence type 283 infections in Singapore associated with the consumption of raw freshwater fish: a detailed analysis of clinical, epidemiological, and bacterial sequencing data. (cdc.gov)
  • 11. Liu G, Zhang W, Lu C. Complete genome sequence of Streptococcus agalactiae GD201008-001, isolated in China from tilapia with meningoencephalitis. (cdc.gov)
  • 14. Pridgeon JW, Zhang D. Complete genome sequence of a virulent Streptococcus agalactiae strain, 138P, isolated from diseased Nile tilapia. (cdc.gov)
  • Sequence analysis of HFE, beta2M, and both human heme oxygenase genes failed to identify any causal mutations in nuclear NH families but our study points to the existence of a cohort of patients likely to suffer from an autosomal recessive trait. (nih.gov)
  • The recent completion of the human genome sequence allows genomics research to focus on understanding gene complexity, expression, and regulation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A genome sequence facilitates the de-velopment of a variety of tools and approaches for understanding, ma-ni-pulating, and mitigating the overall effect of a microbe. (asmblog.org)
  • This was inferred from sequence analysis of rrs (16S rRNA) and other genetic loci and suggests that they belong to a novel species. (nih.gov)
  • This is the platform on which the Washington University Genome Sequencing Center has assembled a 6.6X draft sequence of the chicken. (kent.ac.uk)
  • How many mobile elements, simple sequence repeats, or protein kinases are encoded in the genome? (cshlpress.com)
  • Using a recent assembly of the human genome sequence, Stewart Scherer has compiled answers to a broad range of questions about the structure and function of the human genome. (cshlpress.com)
  • the complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to provide an invaluable resource to understand tuberculosis (TB), the leading cause of global infectious disease mortality. (jci.org)
  • While the genome sequence was already transformative at the time, the past 25 years of progress have substantially increased its impact on TB taxonomy, drug discovery, resistance mechanisms, epidemiology, vaccine development, and pathogenesis. (jci.org)
  • Following duplication events, the resulting stretches of homologous sequence can promote recombination between gene copies. (elifesciences.org)
  • or the transmembrane protein gene cassettes of some pathogenic bacteria ( Santoyo and Romero, 2005 ), gene conversion can also generate sequence diversity. (elifesciences.org)
  • Advancement in identification of MHC genes that confer susceptibility to disease requires greater knowledge of sequence variation across the complex. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To address this issue, we are employing a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) cloning strategy to sequence entire MHC haplotypes from consanguineous cell lines as part of the MHC Haplotype Project. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We have defined the complete gene, splice variant, and sequence variation contents of all three haplotypes, comprising over 259 annotated loci and over 20,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). (ox.ac.uk)
  • [ 19 ] The rise in CD cases in other ethnic groups has resulted in the identification of novel CD risk loci in Japanese, Korean, and other East Asian populations. (medscape.com)
  • shared last-authorship), Houlston R**, "Identification of multiple risk loci and potential regulatory mechanisms influencing susceptibility to multiple myeloma", Nature Communications 2018 Sep 13:9(1):3707. (lu.se)
  • Thus, epigenetic mechanisms as long-term determinants of gene expression are a plausible link between genetics and environment, which may instigate the manifestation and/or progression of IBD. (nature.com)
  • We hypothesize that by focusing on a cellular phenotype and employing systems genetics methodologies, we will have increased success in discovering genes that specifically modulate bone formation, as compared to traditional mapping studies of higher-level phenotypes. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • Upon completion of a post-doctoral fellowship at Stanford University, Cindy was appointed as a human molecular genetics research associate at the Mayo Clinic. (edu.au)
  • Her research interests are in livestock molecular genetics and include the genome organization of Bovidae, genome mapping in Bovidae and genetics of lipid metabolism in cattle. (edu.au)
  • Molecular genetics of human disease. (edu.au)
  • We describe a system to rapidly and efficiently deliver and express BAC and PAC library clones in human and mouse cells by converting them into infectious amplicon vectors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 21.1.2 Evaluate your Cas9 gene editing vectors: CRISPR/Cas Mediated Genome Engineering - Is your CRISPR gRNA optimized for your cell lines? (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • In a Novartis-sponsored study in the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers found that a CRISPR-Cas9-based treatment targeting promoters of genes encoding fetal hemoglobin could reduce disease symptoms. (genomeweb.com)
  • Thomson Reuters predicts that the developers of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing approach may win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and P1-based artificial chromosomes (PACs) have proved excellent tools for the human genome sequencing projects. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Is Gene Density Uniform Across the Chromosomes? (cshlpress.com)
  • Do Gene-rich Chromosomes Have Smaller Genes? (cshlpress.com)
  • In children diagnosed with IBD, genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of purified intestinal epithelial cells clearly distinguishes between healthy individuals and the IBD group 8 . (nature.com)
  • Reasoning that the unexplained heritability may be because of DNA methylation, an epigenetic phenomenon, we measured genome-wide DNA methylation using the Illumina MethylationEPIC platform with blood samples from participants in the Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment (OPPERA) study. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Functional characterization of the identified regions found relationships between methylation at these loci and nearby genetic variation contributing to chronic painful TMD and with gene expression of proximal genes. (iasp-pain.org)
  • These findings reveal epigenetic contributions to chronic painful TMD through methylation of the genes FMOD, PM20D1, ZNF718, ZFP57, and RNF39, following the development of acute painful TMD. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Therefore, we assessed associations between occupational exposure to pesticides and genome-wide DNA methylation sites. (bmj.com)
  • In addition, we performed genome-wide stratified and interaction analyses by gender, smoking and airway obstruction status, and assessed associations between gene expression and methylation for genome-wide significant CpGs (n=2802). (bmj.com)
  • 0.05) associated with differential DNA methylation of 31 CpGs annotated to 29 genes. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions We show for the first time that occupational exposure to pesticides is genome-wide associated with differential DNA methylation. (bmj.com)
  • The identification of this genetic association was highly significant for researchers, as it not only proved that genes for genetically complex diseases such as CD could actually be identified (the NOD2 /CD finding was, arguably, the first major success in genetically complex diseases), but it also supported the long-held hypothesis that CD was a heritable condition in which affected individuals had an abnormal response to "friendly" bacteria. (medscape.com)
  • This pathway, called "natural transformation," is a major mechanism of gene transfer across bacteria and has a profound effect on genome evolution, including spreading antibiotic resistances and other virulence determinants. (drexel.edu)
  • We have developed a novel method for mapping genes in bacteria, exploiting natural transformation in combination with genome-wide deep sequencing. (drexel.edu)
  • In several ongoing collaborations, we are investigating how the genomes of bacteria isolated from patients with chronic infections change over time. (drexel.edu)
  • In fact, quantitative trait locus (QTL) approaches have successfully identified variation in candidate host genes that influence the RA of specific bacteria not only in Drosophila and mice but also in humans [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • How similar are human proteins to those of mouse, yeast, or bacteria? (cshlpress.com)
  • Following the initial remarkable success of antibiotics, the emergence and spread of human pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics has become a major phenomenon in the past fifty years. (europa.eu)
  • The emergence and spread of human pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics has become a major problem in the past fifty years. (europa.eu)
  • Symbiotic bacteria inhabiting the human gut have evolved under intense pressure to utilize complex carbohydrate s, primarily plant cell wall glycans in our diets. (unl.edu)
  • These polysaccharide s are not digested by human enzymes, but are processed to absorbable short chain fatty acids by gut bacteria. (unl.edu)
  • If the immune system recognizes the peptides as foreign (such as viral or bacterial peptides), it triggers a response to attack the invading viruses or bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A genome wide scanning study is underway to identify the putative locus. (nih.gov)
  • Due to an inability to genetically manipulate Las at the present time, the translocase (tlc) open reading frame was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli to determine if this putative gene was in fact functional. (usda.gov)
  • We conclude that PCR-based enrichment of transposon insertions in a TnSeq assay is reliable, but researchers interested in profiling putative essential genes should carefully weigh the number of amplification cycles employed in their library preparation protocols. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Draft genomes of the strains were also analysed to study the DNA relatedness with other species of the genus Leptospira. (nih.gov)
  • Analysis of average nucleotide identity and genome-to-genome distances, which have recently been proposed as reliable substitutes for classical DNA-DNA hybridization, further confirmed that these isolates should be classified as representatives of a novel species. (nih.gov)
  • This system is present in most archaeal species and approxi-mately half of all bacterial species. (pjmonline.org)
  • The HLA complex is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family that occurs in many species. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Both Siglecs can also be engaged by two potentially lethal sialylated bacterial pathogens of newborns and infants, agents with a potential impact on reproductive fitness. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Although the bacterial translocase has been characterized in other intercellular pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Rickettsia prowazeki, this is the first characterization of an ATP/ADP translocases in an obligate-intracellular plant pathogen and, given the conservation of the ATP uptake mechanism, may represent an evolutionary link between plant and animal pathogens. (usda.gov)
  • Of the bacterial ATP/ADP translocases characterized thus far, all have been found in endosymbionts of protozoa or pathogens of higher order animals including humans. (usda.gov)
  • In contrast, some bacterial pathogens (including Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri ) have mechanisms to escape from the phagosome and proliferate in the cytosol ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Targeting of bacterial pathogens by the autophagy machinery is often mediated by ubiquitination, a posttranslational modification ( 16 , 17 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • It was revealed that homologous loci kept a constant distance in nuclei of A. thaliana roots in general growth. (nature.com)
  • We also found that DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induce the approach of the homologous loci with γ-irradiation. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, AtRAD54, which performs an important role in the homologous recombination repair pathway, was involved in the pairing of homologous loci with γ-irradiation. (nature.com)
  • These results suggest that homologous loci approach each other to repair DSBs and AtRAD54 mediates these phenomena. (nature.com)
  • Here, we examined chromatin dynamics and arrangement in living roots of A. thaliana with DNA damage, focusing our attention on the distance between homologous loci using the lacO /LacI-EGFP system. (nature.com)
  • We revealed that the homologous loci kept a constant three-dimensional distance in the nucleus using live-cell imaging with a bacterial operator/repressor system. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, the distance between two homologous loci in the interphase nucleus was shortened by γ-irradiation, which induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). (nature.com)
  • We found that AtRAD54, which performs an important role in the homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway, was involved in the approach of two homologous loci under γ-irradiation. (nature.com)
  • Our results suggest that the transient reduction in inter-allelic distance and increase in pairing frequency of homologous loci after DSB result in partial chromatin reorganisation of interphase nuclei and that AtRAD54 contributes to the subcellular movement of homologous loci in the HR repair pathway. (nature.com)
  • All loci scheme was previously generated using all gene clusters from cd-hit-est software v4.6 ( 3 ) with file containing predicted genes from all strains and default parameters. (cdc.gov)
  • Two newly identified genetic loci, dltABCD and phoPR, were selected for deletion analysis and both ΔdltABCD and ΔphoPR bacterial strains displayed biofilm formation defects in the PVC microtiter plate assay, confirming these loci contribute to biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes. (harvard.edu)
  • Colonizing germ-free mice with engineered strains, we show the gut microbial genes for p-cresol (hpdBCA) and indole (tryptophanase) are sufficient to confer a pro-thrombotic phenotype in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
  • Horizontal transfer of genetic elements that affect virulence of diarrheagenic E. coli strains and changes in global agricultural processes, as well as movement of humans and animals, may contribute to the complex natural history of diarrheagenic E. coli. (eurekaselect.com)
  • In 4 families there was bacterial or viral maternal infection associated with NH. (nih.gov)
  • A genome-wide association study for Hunner-type interstitial cystitis led to amino acid variants in the class II human leukocyte antigen DQ-beta1 and DP-beta1 chain genes. (genomeweb.com)
  • The HLA-DRB1 gene is part of a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Our study contributes to distinguish fungal from bacterial infection and bridges genetic variability and transcriptomic expression. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
  • We have used this method to map an operon involved in intracellular invasion of airway epithelial cells, a trait with implications for chronic infection, bacterial persistence, and trafficking of cells to different body sites. (drexel.edu)
  • Here, we discuss the latest developments using zebrafish models of bacterial and fungal infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • [ 10 ] Survival of the bacillus in nature depends on flea-rodent interaction, and human infection does not contribute to the bacteria's persistence in nature. (medscape.com)
  • In humans, mutations in FOXP2 cause the severe speech and language disorder developmental verbal dyspraxia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mutations in FOXP2 are among several (26 genes plus 2 intergenic) loci which correlate to ADHD diagnosis in adults - clinical ADHD is an umbrella label for a heterogeneous group of genetic and neurological phenomena which may result from FOXP2 mutations or other causes. (wikipedia.org)
  • One of the index association studies suggests that the mutations have a "loss of function" effect, meaning that after bacterial stimulation, there was reduced NFkB expression. (medscape.com)
  • Other groups have suggested that, under normal circumstances, NOD2 acts as a negative regulator following bacterial stimulation of the cell surface receptor toll-like receptor-2, and that the CD-associated mutations result in a loss of this "brake" on the immune response leading to elevated NFkB. (medscape.com)
  • Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is the most common form of hereditary ataxia caused by recessive mutations in the FXN gene. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This study reveals a new mechanism for the fluid gain of beneficial mutations in genetic regions undergoing active recombination in viruses and illustrates the value of long read sequencing technologies for investigating complex genome dynamics in diverse biological systems. (elifesciences.org)
  • Reads mapping to the junctions are enumerated thus providing information on the number of transposon insertion mutations in each individual gene. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Delineation and characterisation of mutations in the factor IX gene of haemophilia B patients. (edu.au)
  • Analysis of the pattern of germline mutations, mutation rates and evolutionary conservation in humans by population-based molecular genetic studies. (edu.au)
  • Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
  • FOXP2 is a member of the forkhead box family of transcription factors, proteins that regulate gene expression by binding to DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • As both resulting pseudogenes are homozygous in all human populations, we resurrected the originally encoded proteins and examined their functions. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 10% transformation frequency), which reside in genes undergoing strong diversifying selection that encode large membrane proteins, likely as an immune invasion tactic. (drexel.edu)
  • The protein product of the translocase gene demonstrated characteristics typical for members in this family of proteins, including 12 transmembrane helices and an isoelectric point of 9.4. (usda.gov)
  • What are the largest genes and proteins? (cshlpress.com)
  • MHC class II genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of certain immune system cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Since leaving Minnesota, he has focused on bioinformatics, both in industry and in the analysis of the Candida albicans genome. (cshlpress.com)
  • Since 2001, more than 140 genetic loci associated with Crohn disease have been identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). (medscape.com)
  • To date, over 500 bone mineral density loci have been identified via Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) in humans. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • As we enter the "post-GWAS era," the focus is now shifting towards understanding how the underlying gene or genes act to modify bone. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • The virulence of this bacterium results from the 32 Y pestis chromosomal genes and two Y pestis -specific plasmids, constituting the only new genetic material acquired since its evolution from its predecessor. (medscape.com)
  • Development of asthma is multifactorial and depends on the interactions among multiple susceptibility genes and environmental factors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • More than 100 asthma susceptibility genes have been reported. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 100 kilobases, a technique that may prove useful for analyzing gene expression from the human genome. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Recent results have indicated the presence of different frataxin isoforms due to alternative gene expression mechanisms. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, this analyses confirmed the positive roles of CDK9 and Yorkie in regulating Mad-dependent gene expression in vivo. (sdbonline.org)
  • By activating the expression of genes whose products are required for metamorphosis, ecdysone and EcR-USP are essential for the reorganization of flies' body plans before emerging from pupal cases as adults. (sdbonline.org)
  • Seven out of 31 CpGs were associated with gene expression levels. (bmj.com)
  • Insights into H 2 O 2 -induced signaling in Jurkat cells from analysis of gene expression. (otago.ac.nz)
  • How Reliable Are Gene Expression-Based and Immunohistochemical Biomarkers Assessed on a Core-Needle Biopsy? (lu.se)
  • Using the SURVEYOR nuclease assay 13 , we assessed the ability of each Cas9-sgRNA complex to generate indels in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293FT cells through the induction of DNA doublestranded breaks (DSBs) and subsequent nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA damage repair (Online Methods). (cdc.gov)
  • [ 18 ] Although these studies have been mainly in individuals of European descent, many CD-associated genes are shared with non-European populations. (medscape.com)
  • Diverse populations of microorganisms inhabit nearly every surface of the human body, and these complex assemblies of microbes reflect host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We performed experimental evolution with vaccinia virus populations harboring a SNV in a gene actively undergoing copy number amplification. (elifesciences.org)
  • In order to expand our understanding of how recombination might influence virus variation during the course of adaptation, we focused on large DNA viruses, in which rapidly evolving populations can simultaneously harbor both adaptive gene copy number variation and beneficial single nucleotide variants (SNVs) at the same locus. (elifesciences.org)
  • 21.1.4 Prediction of the Winner RNA Technology, the FRONTIER of SCIENCE on RNA Biology, Cancer and Therapeutics & The Start Up Landscape in BostonGene Editing - New Technology The Missing link for Gene Therapy? (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • After identifying the microbes and microbial enzymes involved in the generation of these uremic toxins, we used bioengineering technologies coupled with colonization of germ-free mice to show that the gut microbial genes that generate p-cresol and indole are sufficient to confer p-cresol sulfate and indoxyl sulfate formation, and a pro-thrombotic phenotype in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
  • We use in vivo and in vitro models to determine the biological function of uncharacterized candidate genes for bone mineral density, bone formation, and bone strength. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • Newer work is using the same approach to map the genes responsible for natural variation in other pathogenesis traits, including resistance to human complement-mediated killing, as well as investigating the possibility of identifying genes involved in in vivo pathogenesis in an animal model of otitis media. (drexel.edu)
  • Imbalances or changes in the composition of bacterial communities can shift this relationship from symbiotic to pathogenic, a condition known as dysbiosis, which has been implicated in a variety of diseases [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The isolates were affiliated to 23 genera representing 8 different suborders based on nearly full length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Large-scale benchmarking reveals false discoveries and count transformation sensitivity in 16S rRNA gene amplicon data analysis methods used in microbiome studies. (bornogastma.dk)
  • Both loci also show limited polymorphic diversity, suggesting selection forces predating the origin of modern humans. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The degree to which host genetic variation can modulate microbial communities in humans remains an open question. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our findings provide evidence of host genetic influences on upper airway microbial composition in humans and implicate mucosal immunity genes in this relationship. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our lab is interested in identifying genes that participate in the regulation of bone mechanical integrity and bone mass but do so via interactions with environmental modulators. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • therefore, it is also important for gene regulation and DNA replication in A. thaliana as well as other organisms. (nature.com)
  • 5 × 10-8) associated with chronic painful TMD, including loci near genes involved in the regulation of inflammatory and neuronal response. (iasp-pain.org)
  • For these candidate SNPs, our eQTL study can provide the genes that are influenced by them. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
  • This work has a public health impact because it provides new insights in interindividual differences in the immune response and can be used to identify causal genes for candidate SNPs that are associated with a disease. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
  • Mycobacterial colonies were isolated from a popliteal lymph node aspirate sample and molecular typed by SNPs typing of the genes gyrB and rpsA , the 3′ region of the hsp65 gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and MIRU-VNTR analysis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive, food-borne pathogen of humans and animals. (harvard.edu)
  • Our primary model system is the human bacterial pathogen Haemophilus influenzae , an important agent of ear infections (otitis media) in children, as well as lung infections associated with chronic respiratory conditions. (drexel.edu)
  • As a pathogen, E. coli are the most frequent causes of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, diarrheal disease, and other clinical infections such as neonatal meningitis, pneumonia and bacteremia. (eurekaselect.com)
  • In this case, ubiquitinated substrates (such as bacterial components or damaged membrane) are recognized by autophagy receptors, including p62 and NDP52, which direct formation of the autophagic membrane around the targeted pathogen ( 18 - 20 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Additional evidence of the contribution of NOD2 in CD was demonstrated by a study in which the NOD2 gene was sequenced and additional, rare polymorphisms that increase the risk of the development of CD were identified. (medscape.com)
  • Interestingly, a genome-wide association study has shown that noncoding polymorphisms in the de novo methyltransferase enzyme DNMT3A locus are associated with a higher risk for IBD, and for Crohn´s disease (CD) in particular 11 . (nature.com)
  • Evidence from genetically manipulated mice and human neuronal cell models suggests that these changes affect the neural functions of FOXP2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Forkhead box protein P2 (FOXP2) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the FOXP2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Three amino acid substitutions distinguish the human FOXP2 protein from that found in mice, while two amino acid substitutions distinguish the human FOXP2 protein from that found in chimpanzees, but only one of these changes is unique to humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • The FOXP2 gene region acts as a transcription factor for the forkhead box P2 protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transcription factors affect other regions, and the forkhead box P2 protein has been suggested to also act as a transcription factor for hundreds of genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • also called CARD15 [caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15]) as the first susceptibility gene for Crohn disease (CD) . (medscape.com)
  • NOD2 was identified as an intracellular protein in the proinflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) pathway, and the leucine-rich repeat was identified as a receptor for bacterial products (now known to be muramyl dipeptide). (medscape.com)
  • q = 0.002), a long non-coding RNA that binds to peptidoglycan recognition protein 3 ( PGLYRP3 ) mRNA , a gene encoding a known antimicrobial protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • How Many Protein-coding Genes Are Present in the Genome? (cshlpress.com)
  • Does Exon Number Correlate with Gene Size or Protein Size? (cshlpress.com)
  • How Many Protein Kinases Are Encoded in the Genome? (cshlpress.com)
  • Representation of a human hemoglobin protein molecule. (icr.org)
  • The HLA-DRB1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The protein produced from the HLA-DRB1 gene, called the beta chain, attaches (binds) to another protein called the alpha chain, which is produced from the HLA-DRA gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The Las gene encoding the translocase (tlc) was subsequently expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to enable E.coli to uptake ATP directly into the cell. (usda.gov)
  • Genetic analysis of completely sequenced disease-associated MHC haplotypes identifies shuffling of segments in recent human history. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Genetic variants in the DNA methyltransferase 3 A (DNMT3A) locus have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (nature.com)
  • Poxvirus adaptation can involve combinations of recombination-driven gene copy number variation and beneficial single nucleotide variants (SNVs) at the same loci. (elifesciences.org)
  • SNP typing takes advantage of nucleotide changes in specific single-copy genes-i.e., gyrA, gyrB, groEL1, sodA, rpsA , and hsp65 -( 10 - 12 ) or chromosomal loci-i.e., 16S−23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-( 13 ) to use them as biomarkers for subspecies differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
  • BAC fingerprint analyses and alignments of BACs to the pre-existing linkage map have generated a BAC contig physical map of the genome. (kent.ac.uk)
  • Blood monocytes are an important part of the innate immune response that cover a wide range of defense mechanisms including phagocytosis or release of cytokines against systemic fungal or bacterial infections. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
  • The gut microbiome and its metabolites are increasingly implicated in several cardiovascular diseases, but their role in human myocardial infarction (MI) injury responses have yet to be established. (bvsalud.org)
  • As expected for a paper from a leading human microbiomicist, the microbiome receives ample coverage. (asmblog.org)
  • Collectively, these microorganisms constitute the human microbiome [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies of the gene in mice and songbirds indicate that it is necessary for vocal imitation and the related motor learning. (wikipedia.org)
  • Knockout mice with only one functional copy of the FOXP2 gene have significantly reduced vocalizations as pups. (wikipedia.org)
  • In mice, the gene was found to be twice as highly expressed in male pups than female pups, which correlated with an almost double increase in the number of vocalisations the male pups made when separated from mothers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genetic engineering of human commensals to produce p-cresol and indole gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutants, followed by colonization of germ-free mice, and studies on host thrombosis were performed. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, other genes are necessary for human language development, and a 2018 analysis confirmed that there was no evidence of recent positive evolutionary selection of FOXP2 in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • May 2018 Cat exposure in early life decreases asthma risk from the 17q21 high-risk variant Jakob Stokholm, Bo L. Chawes, Nadja Vissing, Klaus Bønnelykke, HansBisgaard Author information Abstract Background Early-life exposure to cats and dogs has shown diverging associations with childhood asthma risk, and gene-environment interaction is one possible explanation. (bornogastma.dk)
  • There is some evidence that the linguistic impairments associated with a mutation of the FOXP2 gene are not simply the result of a fundamental deficit in motor control. (wikipedia.org)
  • MIRU-VNTR represents one of the most plastic elements within mycobacterial genomes ( 14 , 15 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • We are now using advanced optical mapping technology to reproduce these maps in the absence of genetic variation, in order to disentangle the role of chromosome structure from the potential for genetic incompatibilities ("speciation genes") skewing our results. (drexel.edu)
  • 3. How do bacterial genomes change during the course of chronic infections? (drexel.edu)
  • Natural History of Incident and Persistent Cutaneous Human Papillomavirus and Human Polyomavirus Infections. (who.int)
  • Human papillomavirus genotyping using next generation sequencing (NGS) in cervical lesions: Genotypes by histologic grade and their relative proportion in multiple infections. (who.int)
  • We have contributed to the assembly process by mapping markers/genes to BACs and contigs using overgo hybridization. (kent.ac.uk)
  • To identify genes necessary for L. monocytogenes biofilm formation, we performed a transposon mutagenesis library screen using a recently constructed Himar1 mariner transposon. (harvard.edu)
  • The identification of mutants bearing insertions within several flagellar motility genes previously known to be required for the initial stages of biofilm formation validated the ability of the mutagenesis screen to identify L. monocytogenes biofilm-defective mutants. (harvard.edu)
  • The goal of this research is to test for bacterial involvement in spine implant corrosion and explore the biofilm associated with metallosis. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • Matching to known miRNA alignment, a total of 25 known miRNAs were significantly different between them, with 1 up-regulated and 24 down-regulated in the flying matured virgin queens while there were 11 target genes of 19 known miRNA which were expressed differentially between them. (chinaagrisci.com)
  • A majority of loci were similarly differentially methylated in acute TMD consistent with observed transience or persistence of symptoms at follow-up. (iasp-pain.org)
  • This mechanism of immunity is based on short fragments of foreign DNA incorporated within the hosts genome. (pjmonline.org)
  • humans are incidental hosts. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we characterize SpCas9 targeting specificity in human cells to inform the selection of target sites and avoid off-target effects. (cdc.gov)
  • Some studies have suggested that NOD2 may have some role in autophagy, a process that, among other things, deals with intracellular "debris," including bacterial products. (medscape.com)