• 1971). Following this discovery, five other strains of GaLV was identified from animals whose associated neoplastic syndromes were exclusively recorded in captive gibbon populations, which include: GaLV-SF: identified from a gibbon lymphosarcoma in San Francisco and within captured gibbons populations at the University of California San Francisco Medical Center and the University of California. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cases of malignant lymphomas and leukemias were not described in gibbons until the 1960s, when several cases of haematopoietic neoplasia were reported in a single colony of white-handed gibbons housed at the SEATO research facility in Bangkok, Thailand. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hence, in our initial attempts to develop cell lines from patients with T -cell neoplasias, we chose clinical subpopulations which represent a more mature form of disease, namely, the cutaneous T -cell lymphomas and leukemias and E-rosette positive T -cell ALL (Gupta and Good 1980). (science-connections.com)
  • Virologist initially suggested that GaLV was related to murine leukaemia virus (MLV) detected in Southeast Asian rodents. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, in 2016 the Mammal Review published "Is gibbon ape leukaemia virus still a threat? (wikipedia.org)
  • We analyzed here, the transduction efficiency of a pDC cell line, GEN2.2, and of pDC derived from CD34+ progenitors, using lentiviral vectors (LV) pseudotyped with different envelope glycoproteins such as the vesicular stomatitis virus envelope (VSVG), the gibbon ape leukaemia virus envelope (GaLV) or the feline endogenous virus envelope (RD114). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The surge in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) research in order to identify new therapeutic targets has led to a better understanding of the retroviral life cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Outbreak Investigation Among Persons Who Inject Drugs in Massachusetts Enhanced by HIV Sequence Data. (cdc.gov)
  • External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • Gibbon-ape leukemia virus (GaLV) is an oncogenic, type C retrovirus that has been isolated from primate neoplasms, including the white-handed gibbon and woolly monkey. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epidemiological research into the origins of GaLV has developed two hypotheses for the virus' emergence. (wikipedia.org)
  • GaLV is transmitted horizontally by contact with excretory products of infected gibbons. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1971, phylogenetic analysis of the Leukemia-inducing retrovirus, lead to the identification of GaLV-SEATO, published within De Paoli et al. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1973) GALV‐X: detected in cell culture from a human T-cell line infected with HIV-1 in Louvain, Belgium and at the National Cancer Institute in Maryland, US. (wikipedia.org)
  • GALV‐H: identified from a gibbon with lymphocytic leukemias from a colony of free-ranging gibbons at the Hall's Island, Bermuda. (wikipedia.org)
  • GALV‐Br: Identified in frozen brain samples of non-leukemic gibbons at the Gulf South Research Institute in Louisiana. (wikipedia.org)
  • Simian sarcoma (SSV): a defective GALV recombinant, derived from a single isolate of fibrosarcoma in a Woolly Monkey that was exposed to a GALV-infected captive gibbon. (wikipedia.org)
  • The discovery of a contagious oncogenic gammaretrovirus in sub-human primates stimulated a great deal of research into the pathogenesis of GaLV and its origins including the virus' intermediate host, which is currently disputed. (wikipedia.org)
  • MLA 144 are positive for the Gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV), a simian retrovirus with a moderate oncogenic risk. (culturecollections.org.uk)
  • Berlin-based scientists have sequenced the complete genome of all five identified strains of the gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV). (phys.org)
  • murine leukemia virus in clinical trials. (what-when-how.com)
  • Mutant line R3-2 exhibited a nearly 1000-fold resistance to infection by genetically marked Moloney murine leukemia virus genomes, and was resistant to pseudotyped viruses utilizing the ecotropic envelope, the amphotropic envelope, or even the VSV G envelope protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These include cross-species transmission of the retrovirus present within a species of East Asian rodent or bat, and the inoculation or blood transfusion of a MbRV-related virus into captured gibbons populations housed at medical research institutions. (wikipedia.org)
  • A novel retrovirus, human T -celllymphomaleukemia virus (HTLV), has been isolated from the fresh and cultured cells of two of these patients. (science-connections.com)
  • Subsequent characterization of this virus has shown that it is not significantly related to any known animal retrovirus, is not an endogenous (genetically transmitted) virus of man, and so far has been associated only with fresh or cultured T -cells from patients with T -cell neoplasia. (science-connections.com)
  • However, while the late stages of the retrovirus life cycle, consisting of virus replication and egress, have been partly unraveled, the early steps remain largely enigmatic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The identities of these genes provide insights into the mechanism of virus resistance and will help to define new pathways used during retrovirus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have been involved in the development of screens and selections for virus resistance genes, and have isolated mutant cell lines after chemical mutagenesis that are profoundly resistant to retrovirus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The endangered Florida panther ( Puma concolor coryi ) had an outbreak of infection with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in the early 2000s that resulted in the deaths of 3 animals. (cdc.gov)
  • Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a common pathogenic infectious disease responsible for high mortality rates for domestic cats, particularly before development of effective vaccines in the 1980s ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • For viral replication to occur within the host, simian sarcoma-associated virus (SSAV) must also be present. (wikipedia.org)
  • Media conditioned by MLA144 supports the growth of T cells from other primates and humans. (culturecollections.org.uk)
  • 9,10] Organs from pigs have been the focus of much of the research in xenotransplantation, in part because of the public acceptance of killing pigs and the physiologic similarities between pigs and human and nonhuman primates. (medscape.com)
  • In nonhuman primates, including rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, the A and B antigens are not present on the surfaces of red blood cells as they are in humans, but rather are found in secretions such as saliva. (zoologix.com)
  • McERV, detected within Mus caroli, and Mus dunni endogenous virus (MDEV) isolated from the earth-coloured mouse (Lieber et al. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 transmission dynamics in rural villages in the democratic republic of the congo with high nonhuman primate exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). (lookformedical.com)
  • Now Wolfe is taking his "viral surveillance" project on the road, fueled by a burst of grants that will allow him to set up shop in other tropical hot spots that have histories of spawning deadly viruses, including cholera, bird flu, and SARS. (tomclynes.com)
  • The protocol involves the transformation of pools of resistant cells by cDNA expression libraries, followed by the selection for rare virus-sensitive cells, using multiple rounds of selection after infection by marked viral vector genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The virus was subsequently identified in captive gibbon populations in Thailand, the US and Bermuda. (wikipedia.org)
  • To identify such genes, we have developed methodologies that allow for the selection of rare virus-sensitive clones arising after transfer of gene libraries into populations of virus-resistant parents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The virus was identified as the etiological agent of hematopoietic neoplasms, leukemias, and immune deficiencies within gibbons in 1971, during the epidemic of the late 1960s and early 1970s. (wikipedia.org)
  • These include, but are not limited to, (1) preventing hyperacute rejection, (2) preventing acute vascular rejection, (3) facilitating immune accommodation, (4) inducing immune tolerance, (5) preventing the transmission of viruses from xenografts into humans, and (6) addressing the ethical issues surrounding animal sources for xenografts and the appropriate selection of recipients (given that xenotransplantation remains experimental). (medscape.com)
  • 1975). Although the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a DNA virus of the herpes group, is implicated in some aspect of Burkitt's lymphoma, a B-cell disease (De- The 1980), the etiology of all the T -cell neoplasias is, as of yet, obscure. (science-connections.com)
  • The one thing they have in common is that Hepatitis viruses can all cause hepatitis - liver inflammation - but they are not the only viruses that can do this, other example viruses that can also cause liver inflammation include cytomegalovirus , Epstein-Barr virus , yellow fever and even herpes simplex virus . (allaboutheaven.org)
  • Using previously described methods, 1,4,5,8,10 the UuPV1-virus-like particles produced in this process, were used as immunologic reagents to detect anti-UuPV1 antibodies, and hence determine the seroprevalence of papillomavirus infection in captive North American snow leopards. (vin.com)
  • We have devised a method for the selection of genes from cDNA libraries that suppress the block to virus infection, and so restore virus susceptibility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These genes have presumably evolved and been maintained in the genome in response to the pathogenic and lethal consequences of infection, and are now thought to constitute an important part of the host defense against these viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • Proteins synthesized by HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES such as the HIV-1 and HIV-2 . (lookformedical.com)
  • Xenotransplantation of organs from chimpanzees and baboons has been avoided, however, because of ethical concerns and fear of transmission of deadly viruses (see Biologic Barriers to Xenotransplantation). (medscape.com)
  • 1990. Human papillomavirus DNA in CO 2 laser-generated plume of smoke and its consequences to the surgeon. (vin.com)
  • This showed a highly rearranged region at chromosome 8q24.21, where an integration locus of the HPV (human papillomavirus, type 18) was found, making it responsible both for her cervical carcinoma and death, and the immortalizing properties of this cell line. (historyofmedicine.com)
  • Genotype 1 and 2 infections have been identified exclusively in humans, whereas genotype 3 and 4 viruses have been isolated from swine, deer, mongoose, cattle, and rabbits in addition to humans. (allaboutheaven.org)
  • Indeed, WI-38 became used worldwide for human virus vaccine manufacture, to the benefit of billions of people" (Wikipedia article on Leonard Hayflick). (historyofmedicine.com)
  • Taken together, our results indicate that LV vectors can serve to design pDC-based vaccines in humans, and they are also useful in vitro to evaluate the immunogenicity of the vector preparations, and the specificity and safety of given promoters used in gene therapy protocols. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The human variant is capable of being carried by gorillas and chimpanzees. (allaboutheaven.org)
  • But Hepatitis C virus itself affects only human beings and chimpanzees. (allaboutheaven.org)
  • Hepatitis A virus is a species of virus in the order Picornavirales in the family Picornaviridae and is the type species of the genus Hepatovirus . (allaboutheaven.org)
  • Hepatitis B virus , abbreviated HBV ,- is a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus and the genus is classified as part of the Hepadnaviridae family. (allaboutheaven.org)
  • Hepatitis E virus - is a virus of the genus Orthohepevirus , and has been reassigned into the Hepeviridae family. (allaboutheaven.org)
  • It was here, scientists now believe, that a chimp virus that would mutate into HIV made its first foray into the blood of a hunter like Brice Bidja. (tomclynes.com)
  • Objective: To compare the efficacy, safety, and influencing factors among children with hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who received short-term therapy with pegylated interferon alfa-2a (Peg-IFNα-2a) or continuous therapy with entecavir (ETV). (bvsalud.org)
  • Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus. (lookformedical.com)
  • The discovery, characterization, and purification of human T -cell growth factor (TCGF) has led to the establishment of continuously growing T -lymphoblast cell lines from normal people and from patients with certain T -cell neoplasias. (science-connections.com)
  • These DNAs constitute valuable tools in the characterization of this line's virus resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are five unrelated hepatotropic viruses [having an especial attraction or affinity for, or an effect on, the liver] - hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E - that cause illness in human beings. (allaboutheaven.org)
  • The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus requiring the presence of the HBV for the completion of its life cycle. (allaboutheaven.org)
  • He hypothesized that because WI-38 was free from contaminating viruses, it could replace the then widely used primary monkey kidney cells, which contained several dangerous contaminating viruses. (historyofmedicine.com)
  • Horizontal transmission of FeLV-B is rare in domestic cats and is believed to require co-transmission with FeLV-A as a helper virus because of its replication-defective nature ( 11 , 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Diminutive humans that died out on an Indonesian island some 15,000 years ago were not Homo sapiens but a different species, according to a study published Monday that dives into a fierce anthropological debate. (phys.org)
  • Solidly built, with curly hair and plump, whiskered cheeks, Wolfe, 38, is at the muddy-boots vanguard of an ambitious movement that seeks to shift the way the world approaches disease control, from containing outbreaks to launching preemptive strikes against emerging viruses. (tomclynes.com)
  • Although there are many immunologic and cytochemical differences between mature hu man T- and B-Iymphocytes, human T -cells are primarily distinguished by their participation in cell mediated immunity and possession of receptors for sheep red blood cells. (science-connections.com)
  • The origins of this virus remain unknown, although suspicions seem to point to laboratory origins. (allaboutheaven.org)
  • Xenotransplantation involves the transplantation of nonhuman tissues or organs into human recipients. (medscape.com)
  • In previous studies from this laboratory "activated" (by lectins) lymphoblasts from either peripheral blood or bone marrow from normal human donors were grown continuously with TCGF. (science-connections.com)
  • The methods for gene isolation developed here will also permit the identification of similar suppressors that modify or override other recently identified virus resistance genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, organs from animal sources could be transplanted into patients currently excluded from the human organ transplantation list. (medscape.com)
  • The group will run tests later to see if the animal that Bidja and his family would soon devour is infected with a particularly nasty virus that could jump to humans, ultimately becoming the next deadly pandemic. (tomclynes.com)
  • It's not going too far to say that Nathan could find the next HIV - hopefully while it's still circulating in animal reservoirs and hasn't fully made the transition into humans. (tomclynes.com)
  • Human pDC do not express lineage specific markers, but are characterized by the expression of HLA-DR, CD4, CD123, BDCA2 and BDCA4 [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The original FeLV virus outbreak strain is either still circulating or another domestic cat transmission event has occurred with a closely related variant. (cdc.gov)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of a region of the FeLV env gene during this outbreak indicated a single circulating FeLV strain, likely following introduction of the virus from a domestic cat ( 24 ). (cdc.gov)
  • HIV, Ebola and the vast majority of other killer diseases have passed from animals to humans. (tomclynes.com)
  • Malaivijitnond, S., Sae-Low, W. and Hamada, Y. (2008) The human-ABO blood groups of free-ranging long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and parapatric rhesus macaques (M. mulatta) in Thailand. (zoologix.com)