Humans feeding behavior. Medical search. Frequent questions

Adult female ticks can feed for 5 to 15 days, thus removing a tick if present is very important. (wikipedia.org)
Michael Cook reports- 'The claims that removal of ticks within 24 hours or 48 hours of attachment will effectively prevent LB are not supported by the published data, and the minimum tick attachment time for transmission of LB in humans has never been established. (google.com)
10 hours attachment time, they found that transmission could occur in as little as 10 minutes with fed ticks. (google.com)
Ticks are marvels of nature, equipped with specialized mouthparts designed for efficient attachment and feeding. (insecta-inspecta.com)
Ticks are not equipped with jaws, so they rely on this cutting action to create an entry point for feeding. (insecta-inspecta.com)
Soft ticks, on the other hand, often feed intermittently and may detach and reattach to their host multiple times. (insecta-inspecta.com)
Questing - Questing is a behavior where ticks climb vegetation or other elevated surfaces and extend their front legs in anticipation of a passing host. (insecta-inspecta.com)
Ticks can attach to any part of the human body but often attach to the more hidden and hairy areas such as the groin, armpits, and scalp. (cdc.gov)
Research in the eastern United States has indicated that, for the most part, ticks transmit Lyme disease to humans during the nymph stage, probably because nymphs are more likely to feed on a person and are rarely noticed because of their small size (less than 2 mm). (cdc.gov)
Thus, the nymphs typically have ample time to feed and transmit the infection (ticks are most likely to transmit infection after approximately 2 or more days of feeding). (cdc.gov)
Ticks feed on blood by inserting their mouth parts (not their whole bodies) into the skin of a host animal. (cdc.gov)
The etiologic agent is Francisella tularensis , a gram-negative coccobacillus that is highly infectious and may be transmitted to humans by a number of different routes, including handling infected animals, ingestion of contaminated food or water, inhalation of infective aerosols and arthropod bites (ticks and insects) [ 18 , 40 ]. (cdc.gov)

The Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study (PEAS) is an observational cohort study that examines the roles of maternal reward-related eating, self-control, and the home food environment in maternal dietary intake and weight change as well as infant feeding and growth. (nih.gov)
Annual assessments include behavioral measures of reward-related eating and executive function, anthropometrics, and parent-reported dietary intake, feeding, eating, and health behaviors. (nih.gov)
Various preclinical studies have investigated the effect of CBD on feeding behaviour in rodents [58, 93, 155,159,195], with results suggesting that higher doses may influence food intake several hours post-treatment. (researchgate.net)
Wistar rats) [155], failed to influence food intake during a 1 h ad libitum feeding period, moderate to high doses of CBD (4.4 mg·kg −1 , i.p. [58]. (researchgate.net)

By carefully analyzing these kinds of patterns of how neural activity correlated with behaviors the scientists developed the C. elegans Probabilistic Neural Encoding Model. (scitechdaily.com)
Their behavior and feeding patterns have also changed over the years, and the elephants have lost their fear of humans. (huawei.com)
However, crude indoor and outdoor biting rates are still commonly interpreted as indicative of human-vector contact patterns without any adjustment for human behaviour or the personal protection effects of ITNs. (biomedcentral.com)
A small number of human behavioural variables capturing the distribution of human populations indoors and outdoors, whether they are awake or asleep, and if and when they use an ITN over the course of the night, can enable a more accurate representation of human biting exposure patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
Likewise, a systematic review and meta-analysis of mosquito feeding behaviour identified a surprising absence of data on human location and sleeping patterns needed to quantify risk of mosquito biting [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The review identified 250 data sets measuring mosquito biting time across Africa but only 22 of these data sets had documented human location, only seven documented human sleeping patterns, and only three had collected necessary human and vector data in the same time and place [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

With this well-characterized cohort followed from early pregnancy through early primary school, we will investigate how prenatal and infant exposures influence the development of child reward-related eating behaviors, diet, and growth. (nih.gov)
Prospective relations between maternal emotional eating, feeding to soothe, and infant appetitive behaviors. (nih.gov)
Standardize and promote definitions of specific terms (e.g., human milk vs. breast milk when referring to human lactation and infant nutrition, definitions of "milk" in the context of feeding human infants, etc. (midwife.org)
Breastfeeding always has been the criterion standard for infant feeding. (medscape.com)
Prior to the advent of commercial formulas, breastfeeding was, in truth, the only way to feed an infant. (medscape.com)
In 2019, a series of questions were added to the DBQ section to collect additional information on infant feeding practices. (cdc.gov)

For instance, many adult flies in the Diptera order can appear similar to bees or wasps and even mimic their behaviors. (whatsthatbug.com)
During this turtle-y fun program, Pre-K students will mimic animal behaviors while learning about the life of a turtle through song, stories and role-playing. (mote.org)

Physiology & Behavior, 50, 941-944. (scirp.org)
Physiology & Behavior, 69, 345-350. (scirp.org)
Physiology & Behavior, 61, 311-318. (scirp.org)
Physiology & Behavior, 66, 409-417. (scirp.org)
A recent article published in the American Journal of Physiology reviewed how the brain regulates feeding behaviors. (scienceblogs.com)
For more information about the physiology of lactation and about the structure and biochemical features of human milk, please see the Medscape Drugs & Diseases article Human Milk and Lactation . (medscape.com)

Nymph feeding behavior is like that of larvae. (wikipedia.org)

Nymphs and larvae do not feed on humans, but adults do. (wikipedia.org)
They attach using the same anchoring mechanism as larvae, but their increased size and feeding duration make them more effective vectors. (insecta-inspecta.com)
Tick larvae are smaller than the nymphs, but they rarely carry the infection at the time of feeding and are probably not important in the transmission of Lyme disease to humans. (cdc.gov)

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 18, 443-447. (scirp.org)
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 26, 483-489. (scirp.org)

According to a new study, a newly discovered feeding behavior in C. elegans could help researchers gain new insights into human heart function. (neurosciencenews.com)
MIT researchers have created a detailed map of neuron activity in the C. elegans worm, revealing how neurons encode behavior. (scitechdaily.com)
But after inventing new technologies and methods for the purpose, a team of scientists in The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory at MIT has produced a meticulous accounting of the neurons in the tractably tiny brain of a humble C. elegans worm, mapping out how its brain cells encode almost all of its essential behaviors, such as movement and feeding. (scitechdaily.com)

Because of the competition for food, the oldest chick (E1) is very aggressive in its instinctive behavior to survive. (govdelivery.com)
Fiber is also known to reduce stereotyped and aggressive behaviors, and to lower ammonia emissions from slurry (Philippe et al. (ac.be)
Cattle are known to be aggressive during feeding, after calving and during the breeding process. (cdc.gov)

This model offers the distinct advantages that, similar to the human newborn, the newborn rabbit has immature locomotor function and the cerebral hemispheres are not fully myelinated. (jneurosci.org)
Disruption of these clock genes affects locomotor activity, feeding behavior, metabolism, and glucose homeostasis [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)

An urban landscape analysis was conducted in three cities to identify the malaria transmission indicators and human behavior that may be driving the increasing malaria incidence occurring in urban environments. (cdc.gov)

Nymphs also engage in questing behavior, but they tend to be more selective in their choice of hosts. (insecta-inspecta.com)
This stage is particularly concerning as nymphs can transmit diseases to humans and animals. (insecta-inspecta.com)

Eight adult Beagles (average age = 24 months, weighing 8-12 kg) were individually fed each of four novel diets in a 4 × 4 replicated Latin square design, with 10-d treatment periods and four dietary treatments. (frontiersin.org)
The Diet Behavior and Nutrition questionnaire (variable name prefix DBQ) provides personal interview data on various dietary behavior and nutrition related topics. (cdc.gov)

Australian flies exhibit a variety of mouthparts, each adapted to their specific feeding habits. (whatsthatbug.com)
Flies have diverse feeding habits, depending on the species. (whatsthatbug.com)
Learn about sharks, their teeth and feeding habits with Mote educators through stories and games. (mote.org)
Specifically, mosquito vector bionomics and human sleeping behaviors including outdoor sleeping habits were assessed to guide the optimal deployment of targeted vector control interventions. (cdc.gov)

It's clear that there are developmental differences between Neanderthals and modern humans - we've amassed good evidence for that in the fossil record," she continued. (zmescience.com)

It is well known that the taste of sweet solutions produces a morphine-like analgesia in both rats and human infants, and under certain conditions, possibly in human adults. (scirp.org)
Collectively, these data support our previous findings that "palatability-induced analgesia" exists in human adults, at least in females. (scirp.org)
Moreover, the findings support contact heat as a suitable method for assessing ingestion analgesia to experimental pain with human adults. (scirp.org)
Mercer, M.E. and Holder, M.D. (2013) Assessing the Analgesic Effects of Sucrose to Cold Pressor Pain in Human Adults. (scirp.org)
Depending on the tick species, adults may exhibit different attachment behaviors. (insecta-inspecta.com)
adults continue feeding them for a further 5-6 weeks. (audubon.org)
Cabotegravir injection is used for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in certain adults and adolescents 12 years of age or older weighing at least 77 pounds (35 kg). (medlineplus.gov)

Additionally, a household survey was conducted in randomly selected houses and residential Koranic schools in the same cities to assess house structures, sleeping spaces, sleeping behavior, and population knowledge about malaria and vector control measures. (cdc.gov)

When you start adding in human food, it is almost impossible to ensure they are getting the right nutrients each day. (drjeff.com)

For the Lightbody to be constricted and losing energy, the person is choosing destructive behaviors and/or is exposed to lower frequencies, which lose or leak energy. (energeticsynthesis.com)
For the Lightbody to expand and increase energy, the person is choosing positive behaviors and/or is exposed to higher frequencies, which maintain or gain energy. (energeticsynthesis.com)

During the larval and nymphal stages, the tick does not feed on humans, but during the adult stage, it will. (wikipedia.org)
If they find a host and attach, the adult females feed continuously throughout that time, around 5-15 days. (wikipedia.org)
The tick can become infected with a disease by feeding on a small mammal during its larval or nymphal stage and can generally be a vector in its nymphal or adult stage. (wikipedia.org)

Mutations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to obesity in humans. (nih.gov)
Obesity is a common nutrition-related disorder leading to reduced life expectancy in both humans and dogs. (nature.com)
The questionnaire focused on human and canine obesity, associated factors and potential drivers, and was distributed online and in the form of hard copies among dog owners in 11 European countries. (nature.com)
To prevent the health-based, economic and social consequences of obesity in humans, a growing number of countries are adopting polices to prevent it from developing further 3 . (nature.com)
Despite this, the prevalence of obesity continues to increase in both humans and pet dogs 3 , 4 . (nature.com)
An example is a weight-loss programme aimed at children and involving pet dogs, driven by the non-governmental organisation Caovida ( www.caovida.com ) in Portugal - a country with a severely increasing prevalence of obesity in humans 8 . (nature.com)
in other words, obesity in humans and dogs is a real OH challenge. (nature.com)
Large-scale studies based on OH research principles are therefore needed to better understand the links between human and canine obesity, which may well differ among countries with different demographics and cultures. (nature.com)

Neither test fully accounts for the complexity of the canine feeding experience nor do they provide applicable representations of canine feeding behavior in the home. (frontiersin.org)

Two successive batches of 24 fattening pigs were each divided into two groups fed ad libitum either a standard diet based on cereals (STD, 19% NSP [non-starch-polysaccharides]) or a fibrous diet based on 23% sugar beet pulp (HFD, 31% NSP). (ac.be)

We must ask the deeper question of ourselves, are we feeding closed source, parasitic systems that are moving towards Entropy ? (energeticsynthesis.com)
These systems create incredible losses of energy, and are parasitic to the human race. (energeticsynthesis.com)

In the offspring, poor diet quality begins early in childhood, affecting the development of lifelong eating behaviors and preferences, with multiple adverse health consequences. (nih.gov)
This paper aims to contribute to the clarification of the effects of a diet rich in sugar beet pulp on animal behavior, growth performance, carcass quality and gut health of fattening pigs. (ac.be)

For most animals, feeding is an essential behavior for securing survival, and it influences development, locomotion, health and reproduction. (jove.com)
Research suggests that this behavior may actually aid survival as it reduces exposure time to the environment and makes responding to fluctuations in the availability of food a bit easier to deal with. (scienceblogs.com)
PURPOSE: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies improve survival for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer but carry risks of hematologic, cardiopulmonary, gastro-hepatobiliary, and other adverse events (AEs). (bvsalud.org)

These factors support anecdotal evidence that Borrelia infection can occur in humans within a short time after tick attachment. (google.com)
Tick attachment is a fascinating subject that delves into the intricate strategies these blood-feeding parasites employ to secure a meal from their hosts. (insecta-inspecta.com)

What many people don't know is that there are a ton of different human foods that can cause health problems with your pets. (drjeff.com)
Just like with humans, overeating can lead to a variety of different health issues. (drjeff.com)
Department of Health and Human Services. (nih.gov)
The benefits of OH include improvements in animal and human health and well-being and a higher quality or larger quantity of relevant information leading to more economically efficient reasearch 5 . (nature.com)
However, some fly species can raise concerns regarding human health and nuisance. (whatsthatbug.com)
This is why at Hemopet, we and the majority of veterinarians endorse scheduled feedings as it is one of the easiest ways to monitor your companion dog's health. (hemopet.org)
These questions were added under the recommendation of the federal consortium coordinated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' (DHHS) Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP) to support the Agricultural Act of 2014. (cdc.gov)
Health care is conventionally regarded as the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans. (bvsalud.org)
Public health works to improve health and quality of life through prevention and treatment of disease and through promotion of healthy behaviors. (bvsalud.org)
you should know that cabotegravir may cause changes in your thoughts, behavior, or mental health. (medlineplus.gov)

To understand the intricate relationship between brain activity and behavior, scientists have needed a way to map this relationship for all of the neurons across a whole brain. (scitechdaily.com)
Through hands-on activities, students will discover what scientists are learning about the communication, feeding behavior, and human interactions with our dolphin neighbors. (mote.org)
In fact, scientists think that many shark bites inflicted on humans are due to this exploratory behavior rather than an intent to feed. (fieldandstream.com)

Therefore, additional monitoring of the risk for JEV infection in humans in these areas, in addition to annual surveillance of pigs, is needed. (cdc.gov)
Studies have found systemic infection and the presence of spirochetes in the tick salivary glands prior to feeding, which could result in cases of rapid transmission. (google.com)

To determine seroprevalence in family-owned dogs and cats, which share living space with humans, we conducted serosurveys of JEV in these species. (cdc.gov)
Humans are not the only species to eat food in spurts we like to call meals. (scienceblogs.com)
Some fly species are predators, feeding on pests such as aphids and scales, and providing biological control in gardens. (whatsthatbug.com)
For instance, the Bush fly is a common Australian species known for hovering around humans and livestock. (whatsthatbug.com)
This review will focus on arthropod transmission to humans with respect to vector species, modes of transmission, geographic differences and F. tularensis subspecies and clades. (cdc.gov)

Now, we're moving a little closer to the present day - researchers calculating the barium levels in fossil teeth claim that they've found a difference in the way humans and Neanderthal s were breastfeeding their babies. (zmescience.com)
Tanya Smith, an associate professor of human evolutionary biology, and Katie Hinde, an assistant professor of human evolutionary biology, worked with colleagues at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York and Westmead Hospital in Australia found a correlation between barium levels in teeth and an increase in breastfeeding, confirming what many anthropologists already suspected. (zmescience.com)
The NBRC will be made up of approximately 15 experts in breastfeeding and human lactation research. (midwife.org)
In addition to these items, information on breastfeeding and other childhood feeding practices that has been traditionally collected in the NHANES was also included in the present dataset for the target age group. (cdc.gov)
If the age for the time stopped breastfeeding (DBD030), or stopped receiving formula (DBD050), or first fed milk (DBD060) was reported as older than 1095 days (3 years), the value was re-coded as "666666. (cdc.gov)

Much like a human driver must remember to steer the car in the opposite way when going in reverse versus going forward, certain neurons in the worm's brain integrated the animal's direction of motion and steering direction. (scitechdaily.com)

and penetration, where the tick inserts the mouthparts in preparation for feeding. (google.com)

As they explain, barium levels can survive unhampered for thousands of years, meaning the test can show breast-feeding changes among both early humans and Neanderthals. (zmescience.com)

There's an ongoing debate about whether Neanderthal and contemporary Homo sapiens would have practiced different behaviors in terms of their breast-feeding," Smith said. (zmescience.com)
Indeed, even though the precise phylogenetic relationships of A. sediba are a matter of debate (competing hypotheses place it as either the sister taxon of Homo 13 or a phyletic descendant of A. africanus lacking a close relationship with early Homo taxa 14 ), we show that the adaptive implications of its feeding mechanics are the same in all relevant phylogenetic scenarios. (nature.com)

It has become of particular relevance in Germany in 2019 due to its rapid geographical spread and the detection of the first human clinical cases. (mdpi.com)
METHODS: Longitudinal entomological monitoring using human landing catches and pyrethrum spray catches was conducted from May to December 2019 in Diourbel, Kaolack, and Touba, the most populous cities in Senegal after the capital Dakar. (cdc.gov)

Literature published by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and CDC continues to claim it takes over 24/48 hours (or more) for a tick to transmit the spirochetes that cause Lyme disease to human hosts. (google.com)

Just like Pavlov's dogs, rats who are fed on a constant schedule, begin to anticipate the next meal resulting in changes of several hormones that regulate feeding and serve to prepare the stomach for the incoming meal. (scienceblogs.com)
This makes it a relay station of sorts uniquely situated to control feeding behaviors like meal onset. (scienceblogs.com)
We would definitely feed twice in one day, and possibly introduce a third scheduled meal of the same or lesser amount as the other two. (hemopet.org)

An improved understanding of human and mosquito behaviour, and how they overlap in time and space, is critical to estimating the impact of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and determining when and where supplemental personal protection tools are needed. (biomedcentral.com)

Journal of Human Evolution. (asu.edu)
Journal of Human Evolution, 54: 743-768. (asu.edu)
Journal of Human Evolution, 55: 501-512. (asu.edu)
Journal of Human Evolution 59(3-4):340-357. (asu.edu)
In the journal Cell on August 21, the team presented new brain-wide recordings and a mathematical model that accurately predicts the versatile ways that neurons represent the worm's behaviors. (scitechdaily.com)

This article presents an integrated perspective on relevant indicators of human-vector interactions, the critical entomological and human behavioural data elements required to quantify human-vector interactions, and recommendations for collecting and analysing such data. (biomedcentral.com)
Methods for factoring spatiotemporal interactions between vectors and humans into biting exposure estimates were developed as early as the late 1960s and early 1970s [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

I recently had the chance to visit Martin Refuge that has all sorts of feeding stations set up to attract all sorts of birds. (10000birds.com)
Not only did I get some great shots of birds without stressing them, but I got to watch all sorts of behavior and calls I'd never seen before. (10000birds.com)

Because serosurveys of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) among wild animals and pigs may not accurately reflect risk for humans in urban/residential areas, we examined seroprevalence among dogs and cats. (cdc.gov)
However, serosurveys of wild animals and pigs may not accurately reflect risk for humans because these animals remain separate from human populations and thus may not indicate the prevalence of JEV in urban/residential areas of Japan. (cdc.gov)
To further explore whether ingestion analgesia persists into human adulthood, the present study was the first to utilize contact heat, a method of pain induction used commonly in both behavioural and pharmacological studies with laboratory animals. (scirp.org)
This hand-on STEM lab examines the continuous movement of H2O within Earth and the atmosphere, while explaining how humans and animals impact our oceans. (mote.org)
Animals, just like humans, can also be unpredictable. (cdc.gov)

I mean, nothing with human-like teeth. (npr.org)
WHY DOES IT HAVE HUMAN TEETH," a dismayed commenter asked. (npr.org)

In this behavioral test system, flies feed on liquid food provided in graded glass capillaries placed inside a vial. (jove.com)
The CAFE assay is one of several behavioral paradigms used to measure feeding in Drosophila melanogaster and researchers have to choose the most appropriate one for their specific question. (jove.com)
Behavioral observations were made by video on the first, and last 2 days of each 10-day treatment period of both a.m. and p.m. feedings. (frontiersin.org)

to identify the ICNP® Nursing Diagnoses related to the basic human need for nutrition in the pediatric clinic. (bvsalud.org)

Additional work is needed to address remaining questions, including further development and validation of methods for entomological and human behavioural data collection and analysis. (biomedcentral.com)

Quantifying and characterizing gaps in personal protection against mosquitoes, defined as the proportional reduction of biting exposure an individual experiences as a direct result of personal use of a protection measure, requires information on the behaviours of vectors and humans, as well as when and where they intersect. (biomedcentral.com)

Research on feeding behavior focuses on the underlying processes that ensure actual feeding and unravels the role of factors regulating internal energy homeostasis and the neuronal bases of decision-making. (jove.com)

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a common cause of serious acute encephalitis in humans, is primarily transmitted by Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes and is widely endemic to Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific region ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Functionally, the ventral striatum receives insular projections primarily related to integrating feeding behavior with rewards and memory, whereas the dorsolateral striatum receives insular inputs related to the somatosensation. (jneurosci.org)

Feeding dogs from the table, or anywhere other than their normal bowl, can lead to aggression problems. (drjeff.com)
Dogs were fed twice per day (0800 and 1300 h). (frontiersin.org)
What is the difference between free feeding and scheduled feeding companion dogs? (hemopet.org)

But where do we draw the line between an owl and feeding birds in the backyard? (10000birds.com)
These birds (both the caracaras and the Pyrrhuloxias that visited the feeders while the caracaras fed) were well away from a road. (10000birds.com)
The birds were flying in and getting fed, not teased by having the food taken away. (10000birds.com)
The birds were so desperate for food that they would fly into a human to get a morsel of food. (10000birds.com)
I don't have all the answers and human interaction with birds is something I struggle to understand. (10000birds.com)
I enjoy feeding birds, I enjoy watching bird behavior. (10000birds.com)
The deer (or bear) tick, Ixodes dammini, which normally feeds on the white-footed mouse, the white-tailed deer, other mammals, and birds, is responsible for transmitting Lyme disease bacteria to humans in the northeastern and north-central United States. (cdc.gov)

Some arthropods are also capable of transmitting F. tularensis to other susceptible hosts, including humans. (cdc.gov)

This study provides a global map of how the animal's nervous system is organized to control behavior," said senior author Steven Flavell, Associate Professor in MIT's Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences. (scitechdaily.com)

What does it mean that human and Neanderthal cranial development was different? (zmescience.com)
The development of the human blood-CSF-brain barrier. (cdc.gov)

The atlas, therefore, reveals the underlying "logic" of how the worm's brain produces a sophisticated and flexible repertoire of behaviors, even as its environmental circumstances change. (scitechdaily.com)

Together, these factors influence the perceived palatability of a food source and subsequent feeding behavior. (frontiersin.org)

Male hunts and brings food to nest, female feeds it to young. (audubon.org)
Near nest site, male may feed female. (audubon.org)

Clearly, free-feeding will not work as it will more than likely create uncontrolled diarrhea, acute pancreatitis or vomiting. (hemopet.org)

Anatomy10

Organisms16

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs7

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Psychiatry and Psychology128

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena23

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science15

Named Groups5

Health Care26

Geographicals1

Ticks12

Intake4

Patterns6

Infant6

Mimic2

Physiology6

Nymph1

Larvae3

Biochemistry2

Elegans3

Aggressive3

Locomotor2

Malaria transmission1

Nymphs2

Dietary2

Habits4

Fossil record1

Adults7

Vector control1

Nutrients1

Frequencies2

Adult3

Obesity8

Canine1

Libitum1

Parasitic2

Diet2

Survival3

Attachment2

Health10

Scientists3

Infection2

Species5

Breastfeeding5

Steer1

Mouthparts1

Early humans1

Homo2

20192

Transmit1

Meal3

Behaviour1

Journal5

Interactions2

Sorts2

Animals5

Teeth2

Behavioral3

Nutrition1

Entomological1

Vectors1

Research1

Primarily2

Dogs3

Birds7

Hosts1

Organized to control1

Development2

Change1

Influence1

Female2

Acute1