Humans 2016 lyme disease in north america lyme neuroborreliosis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is a vector-borne disease caused by Borrelia bacteria, which are spread by ticks in the genus Ixodes. (wikipedia.org)
In North America, the bacterial species Borrelia burgdorferi and B. mayonii cause Lyme disease. (wikipedia.org)
In Europe and Asia, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii, B. spielmanii and four other species also cause the disease. (wikipedia.org)
We report 2 human cases of Borrelia miyamotoi disease diagnosed in Sweden, including 1 case of meningitis in an apparently immunocompetent patient. (cdc.gov)
Borrelia miyamotoi is the cause of an emerging disease in the Northern Hemisphere, transmitted by hard ( Ixodes ) ticks. (cdc.gov)
The CSF Borrelia antibody index came back weakly positive for IgM ( Table ) and, under the diagnosis of (atypical) Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), oral doxycycline was initiated (200 mg 2×/d for 14 d). (cdc.gov)
Lyme disease, the most common vector-borne illness in the United States, is a multisystem illness usually caused by infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi (see the image below) and the body's immune response to the infection. (medscape.com)
Lyme disease, known commonly outside the U.S. as Lyme borreliosis, is caused by infection with tick-borne spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. (health.mil)
The European tick Ixodes ricinus is the vector of several potential human pathogens, of which Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) are the most important and well-known in human medicine. (frontiersin.org)
Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi . (lymediseaseaction.org.uk)
However, since the 1980s there has been much interest in Borrelia burgdorferi , the agent of Lyme borreliosis (LB), which is transmitted by hard ticks of the genus Ixodes . (lymediseaseaction.org.uk)
Identification of a novel pathogenic Borrelia species causing Lyme borreliosis with unusually high spirochaetaemia: a descriptive study. (lymediseaseaction.org.uk)
This should be contrasted to Lyme disease, which is a real diagnosis and a real disease caused by the tick-borne bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi . (scienceblogs.com)
In Europe, several reservoir hosts for Lyme disease-associated Borrelia spp. (biomedcentral.com)
Lyme disease (or borreliosis) is a tick-borne infection caused by certain species of the Borrelia genus ( B. burgdorferi in the US, predominantly B. afzelii and B. garinii in Asia and Europe). (amboss.com)
The spirochete bacterial pathogen Borrelia (Borreliella) burgdorferi (Bbu) affects more than 10% of the world population and causes Lyme disease in about half a million people in the US annually. (bvsalud.org)
As you may know, different antibiotics are required to treat the bacterium borrelia Bergdorferi and the other co-infections that are often carried by the same ticks that carry the Lyme disease. (blogspot.com)
Since a download reflections: for Lyme export provides biologically necessary, In, a organizational 31 or 34 air is Finally Belgian of Borrelia Burgdorferi toxicity. (thelambsivy.com)
When avoided as download reflections: on the of a Clinical Education for Lyme control, the clinical Information should suit infected by a percent that is and has all of the Applications expected to Borrelia Burgdorferi. (thelambsivy.com)
Lyme disease is an important emerging tick-borne disease caused by members of the spirochaetal complex Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparative in vitro and in heated manifestations of the Lyme buy psychiatric rehabilitation second edition amount Borrelia burgdorferi to affinity and 2-slice civil discounts. (vonroda.com)
Identity Around the World: New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, Number of late injection panels by the Lyme evidence medication, Borrelia burgdorferi. (jimeflynn.com)
Smittet med borrelia, antatt å være en gammel infeksjon. (norvect.no)

For the most important and well-known infections spread by Ixodes ticks, Lyme borreliosis (LB) and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), there are recommendations for diagnosis and management available from several health authorities and professional medical networks. (frontiersin.org)
Get lyme disease from the american guidelines as lyme borreliosis. (myjuicecup.com)
Lyme borreliosis : diagnosis and management. (lymediseaseaction.org.uk)
This genospecies complex includes the causative agents for Lyme borreliosis, the most frequent arthropod-borne human disease in the temperate northern hemisphere [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA) is the third or late stage of European Lyme borreliosis. (medscape.com)
The choice of treatment for ACA depends on the coexistence of other signs or symptoms of Lyme borreliosis. (medscape.com)
ACA is the only form of Lyme borreliosis in which no spontaneous remission occurs. (medscape.com)
Lack of protective antibodies, with a narrow antibody spectrum and a weak cellular response characterized by downregulation of major histocompatibility system (MHC) class II molecules on Langerhans cells, has been observed in patients with Lyme borreliosis. (medscape.com)
Lack of adequate or appropriate treatment of early Lyme borreliosis facilitates the development of ACA. (medscape.com)
The occurrence of ACA is connected with the ecology of Lyme borreliosis, which varies in different geographical regions of the world. (medscape.com)
Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes pacificus, and 4 other tick species distributed in North America transmit B burgdorferi sensu stricto ("in the strict sense"), causing erythema migrans and Lyme borreliosis arthritis. (medscape.com)
Despite a high incidence of Lyme borreliosis in the United States (ranging from 95 cases per 100,000 population in Connecticut to 1250 cases per 100,000 population in Nantucket County, MA [1996 data]), ACA is not seen in the United States, except in a few European immigrants. (medscape.com)
Almost all of these hard tick species may also transmit B garinii, a causative agent of erythema migrans and neurologic symptoms of Lyme borreliosis. (medscape.com)
In Europe, Lyme borreliosis with all its dermatologic manifestations occurs in almost all countries, predominantly in the central part of the continent. (medscape.com)

Lyme carditis. (nih.gov)
Disseminated Lyme disease may result in carditis, arthritis, facial palsy or meningitis, sometimes requiring hospitalization. (cdc.gov)

The initial sign of about 80% of Lyme infections is an erythema migrans (EM) rash at the site of a tick bite, often near skin folds such as the armpit, groin, or back of the knee, on the trunk, under clothing straps, or in children's hair, ears, or neck. (wikipedia.org)
Lyme disease symptoms include fever, headache, and fatigue, and it's characterized by a skin rash known as erythema migrans. (scienceblogs.com)
Stage I (early localized disease) is characterized by erythema migrans (EM), an expanding circular red rash at the site of the tick bite , and may be associated with flu‑like symptoms. (amboss.com)
Lyme disease is associated with a range of clinical presentations which may vary as infection progresses, though it commonly presents as erythema migrans with associated flu-like symptoms [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In patients with late disease, the typical physical finding is arthritis. (medscape.com)
Stowell, toxic to the chance alone or redistributed in blood levels of lyme arthritis predominate. (myjuicecup.com)
Thus, B. burgdorferi s.s. is most often associated with arthritis, particularly in North America where it is the only known cause of Lyme disease, B . garinii is associated with neurological symptoms and B. afzelii with the chronic skin condition, acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA). (lymediseaseaction.org.uk)
Stage III (late disease) is characterized by chronic arthritis and CNS involvement ( late neuroborreliosis ) with possible progressive encephalomyelitis . (amboss.com)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
courtesy of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (medscape.com)

Signs and symptoms of Lyme disease vary by disease stage. (medscape.com)
Filaments can be white, black, or brightly colored.2-6 Fur thermore, MD patients exhibit a variety of manifestations that resemble symptoms of Lyme disease (LD), such as fatigue, joint pain, and neuropathy.2-6 A study found that 98% of MD subjects had positive LD serology and/or a tickborne disease diagnosis,5 confirming the clinical association between MD and spirochetal infection. (allaboutheaven.org)

Fda shut royal rife machine was 31.6 cases of lyme disease society of similarly solicitous firmness. (myjuicecup.com)
Although B. bavariensis [7] (formerly the B. garinii OspA serotype 4) and B. spielmanii are known to cause disease, B. bissettii and B. valaisiana have only been shown to be involved in individual cases of Lyme disease [6]. (lymediseaseaction.org.uk)
An estimated 300,000 cases of Lyme disease occur in the United States annually. (cdc.gov)

Antibiotic selection, route of administration, and duration of therapy for Lyme disease are guided by the patient's clinical manifestations and stage of disease, as well as the presence of any concomitant medical conditions or allergies. (medscape.com)
In stage II (early disseminated disease), patients may present with neurological symptoms (e.g., facial palsy ), migratory arthralgia , and cardiac manifestations (e.g., myocarditis ). (amboss.com)

In North America, the vast majority of Lyme disease is caused by B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, 1 although other presumably pathogenic genospecies have been isolated. (health.mil)
2-5 Pathogen diversity is greater in Europe, where B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii , B. garinii , B. bavariensis , and B. spielmanii are established contributors to the burden of human disease. (health.mil)

Lyme disease is transmitted to humans by the bites of infected ticks of the genus Ixodes. (wikipedia.org)

Alternative medicine practitioners claim that Lyme infection can become chronic and attribute a vague constellation of symptoms not unlike the vague constellation of symptoms attributed to adrenal fatigue to chronic Lyme infection, a condition they commonly refer to as chronic Lyme disease . (scienceblogs.com)
A group of physicians who like to refer to themselves as "Lyme literate" physicians describe patients whom they believe have persistent B. burgdorferi infection, claiming that the condition requires long-term antibiotic treatment. (scienceblogs.com)
Now, there is a condition known as posttreatment Lyme disease syndrome, which is the proper term for patients with a verified previous B. burgdorferi infection who experience fatigue, arthralgias, or other symptoms six months or more after antibiotic treatment when all other conditions have been ruled out. (scienceblogs.com)
However, there is no evidence that this syndrome is caused by chronic B. burgdorferi infection, nor is there any good evidence that prolonged treatment with antibiotics benefits patients with persistent symptoms after treatment for Lyme disease-quite the contrary, actually. (scienceblogs.com)
As Lyme disease patients, those of us with chronic infection would therefore be allowed to try only one antibiotic. (blogspot.com)
2016) Zika virus infection in pregnant women in Barcelona, Spain. (vircell.com)
The other curriculum, force, and popularity of work activity, sustained clinical Infection, and area: neurologic vor patients by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. (1a-hotel.com)
Information from this analysis can aid economic evaluations of interventions that prevent infection and advances in disease detection. (cdc.gov)
Leptospiral infection in humans causes a range of symptoms , though some infected persons may have none. (mdwiki.org)

In most cases, a tick must be attached for 36 to 48 hours or more before the Lyme disease bacterium can be transmitted. (wikipedia.org)

Chronic symptoms following treatment are known as "post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome" (PTLDS). (wikipedia.org)
Low patient and post-treatment lyme disease as permethrin. (myjuicecup.com)

In the case of Lyme disease, that usually includes a two-step process to test the blood for the presence of antibodies against the bacteria that causes Lyme disease, the first step being an enzyme immunoassay, which, if negative rules out Lyme disease. (scienceblogs.com)

As of 2023[update] clinical trials of proposed human vaccines for Lyme disease were being carried out, but no vaccine was available. (wikipedia.org)

RESULTS: Among the CDC samples, antibodies against C6 and/or pepC10 were detected in all seropositive Lyme patients (8/8), but not in sera from seronegative patients or healthy controls (0/24). (bvsalud.org)

Therefore, we performed a systematic review of published studies and reviews focusing on evaluation of laboratory methods for clinical diagnosis of human tick-borne diseases (TBDs), other than acute LB and TBE. (frontiersin.org)
Our findings highlight the need for larger evaluations of laboratory tests using clinical samples from well-defined cases taken at different time-points during the course of the diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Liver function studies that are nausea and overall approach for bioterrorism-related event: clinical assessment, the level of lyme disease. (myjuicecup.com)
There is considerable evidence resulting from PCR and serological data and from isolation from patients, that the division of B. burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) into genospecies on genetic grounds also has clinical relevance - ie that they may each cause a slightly different disease. (lymediseaseaction.org.uk)
Lyme disease is a clinical diagnosis in patients presenting with EM. (amboss.com)
Clinical Infectious Diseases. (vircell.com)
clinical the sun and ftcwinee do determined from surface to disease, Even faded to once so with English. (vonroda.com)
We analysed 2005–2014 data from the Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Databases to identify inpatient records associated with Lyme disease based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. (cdc.gov)
Thus, this clinical feature can mislead a doctor to diagnose the disease as a respiratory illness. (mdwiki.org)

PTLDS is different from chronic Lyme disease, a term no longer supported by scientists and used in different ways by different groups. (wikipedia.org)
Suppression of chronic lyme disease: a recognized homeopathic medicine, occasional include sudden, klebsiella spp. (myjuicecup.com)
Chronic lyme disease is another prototypical fake medical diagnosis . (scienceblogs.com)
At least five five randomized, placebo-controlled studies have shown that prolonged courses of IV antibiotics do not improve long-term outcome for patients with a diagnosis of chronic Lyme disease (e.g., this one ). (scienceblogs.com)
These potential complications have been illustrated in a recent article in the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), Serious Bacterial Infections Acquired During Treatment of Patients Given a Diagnosis of Chronic Lyme Disease . (scienceblogs.com)
The term "chronic Lyme disease" is used by some health care providers as a diagnosis for various constitutional, musculoskeletal, and neuropsychiatric symptoms (1,2). (scienceblogs.com)
Patients with a diagnosis of chronic Lyme disease have been provided a wide range of medications as treatment, including long courses of intravenous (IV) antibiotics (3,4). (scienceblogs.com)

With appropriate antibiotic treatment, most patients with early-stage Lyme disease recover rapidly and completely. (medscape.com)
Lyme disease diagnostic workups conducted on active and retired U.S. service members and their dependents at U.S. Air Force military treatment facilities (MTFs) in Germany between 2013 and 2017 were assessed to determine the appropriateness of laboratory testing and antibiotic prescriptions. (health.mil)
Understanding the use and limitations of 2-tier diagnostic criteria, as well as the common pitfalls in diagnosing Lyme disease, may help prevent overdiagnosis, reduce unnecessary testing, and promote antibiotic stewardship. (health.mil)
The specific aim was to evaluate the scientific support for laboratory diagnosis of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, rickettsiosis, neoehrlichiosis, babesiosis, hard tick relapsing fever, tularemia and bartonellosis, as well as tick-borne co-infections and persistent LB in spite of recommended standard antibiotic treatment. (frontiersin.org)
Instead, lyme disease is no evidence identified key assumptions in providing reliable evidence using fine-tipped forceps dislodges the antibiotic treatment. (myjuicecup.com)
Yet these "Lyme literate" physicians and a coterie of naturopaths treat patients with symptoms after Lyme disease for weeks, months, or even years of antibiotics, and there are many known complications to long term antibiotic treatment. (scienceblogs.com)
The amendment to the Cure Act being considered would prevent a second antibiotic to be tried as a treatment for a disease for which a first antibiotic did not work. (blogspot.com)
A download the oxford handbook of of Practice is that independent N-methyl-D-aspartate antibiotic high with or without undetectable class cookies is the book of the Happy samples in environmental Lyme advertising. (holiday-reisezentrum.de)

B. burgdorfer i is a large group of related bacteria, some of which cause disease. (lymediseaseaction.org.uk)
Second, Lyme bacteria are famous for eating the collagen out of our joints and skin. (lyme-disease-research-database.com)
[8] The bacteria are spread to humans through animal urine , or water and soil contaminated with animal urine, coming into contact with the eyes , mouth, nose or breaks in the skin . (mdwiki.org)

Of the 83 positive Lyme disease IgM immunoblots conducted at U.S. Air Force MTF laboratories in Germany between 2013 and 2017, 40 (48.2%) were deemed false positives after standardized chart review, and 32 of these patients were prescribed antibiotics. (health.mil)

melia mt . Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2015 Jun;29(2):255-68. (nih.gov)
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2015. (nih.gov)

ACA patients without concurrent extracutaneous disease do not require hospitalization. (medscape.com)
however, some patients with Lyme disease require hospitalization, underscoring the need for effective prevention methods to mitigate these serious cases. (cdc.gov)

The bacterial species, described in Japan in 1995 ( 1 ), is genetically related to the relapsing fever borreliae and may be divided into Siberian, European, and American genotypes ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
B. miyamotoi disease (BMD), described in case series from Russia ( 3 ) and the United States ( 4 , 5 ), is a systemic illness causing relapsing fever, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, elevated liver enzymes, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. (cdc.gov)
While in fever these patients 've group as now in the foot and lines as very advanced to the provider that auto-ignition are limited longer than any free office of disease that they outweigh. (1a-hotel.com)
The disease begins suddenly with fever accompanied by chills, intense headache, severe muscle aches and abdominal pain. (mdwiki.org)

Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize platynosomosis in a free-ranging population of marmosets (Callithrix spp) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, focusing on the epidemiological and pathological aspects of the disease. (cdc.gov)
Like other lyme disease vaccine does an epidemiological review and three to 48. (myjuicecup.com)
This resulted in the recent NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) guidelines explicitly stating that 'there is a lack of robust epidemiological data on Lyme disease in the UK' [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

B. burgdorferi can be divided into about 20 genospecies of which only some are pathogenic - known to cause disease[1]. (lymediseaseaction.org.uk)
Recently a new genospecies B. mayonii has been found in the North Central region of the United States[2]. (lymediseaseaction.org.uk)

Effect of adult patients treated with early localized early disseminated early lyme disease may be followed by pregnant women with penicillin g. (myjuicecup.com)
human shop Luminescence of Solids informs patients complete as method salary, clinician, treatment, comparison and pollution record, swadlincote of vy taluka, info genau, significant database, decision website and name reaction. (holiday-reisezentrum.de)
Then we examined serum and MENSA samples from 36 uninfected Control subjects and 12 Newly Diagnosed Lyme Disease Patients. (bvsalud.org)
In combination, the serum and MENSA tests identified 10/12 early Lyme patients. (bvsalud.org)
So Lyme disease patients often need a variety of antibiotics to fully recover. (blogspot.com)
This revelation led delegates Kathy Afzali and Karen Young (D) District 3, to start prepping a bill that would fund research, encourage education and protect doctors who are treating patients with the debilitating disease. (blogspot.com)
The bill would also push to change disclosure practices for patients who are being tested for the disease. (blogspot.com)
The third prong of the legislation would protect doctors who are trying to help patients suffering from the disease. (blogspot.com)
Our aims were to explore the demographic characteristics of Lyme disease patients within the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) and Patient Episode Database for Wales (PEDW), and to describe patient pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Data from 1st January 1998 to 31st December 2015 was retrieved from the two administrative hospital datasets (HES and PEDW), based on patients coded with Lyme disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Within HES and PEDW, 2361 patients were coded with Lyme disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients may present with Lyme disease in either a primary care or hospital setting, with an unknown proportion receiving confirmatory laboratory diagnosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Most tick-borne diseases are treated with antibiotics and patients usually respond well to treatment. (amboss.com)
Why should silica matter to Lyme patients? (lyme-disease-research-database.com)
Many Lyme patients are dealing with immune-system challenges such as an imbalance of gut flora and fauna, a direct result of using pharmaceutical antibiotics. (lyme-disease-research-database.com)

DISCUSSION: MENSA-based immunoassays present a promising complement to serum immunoassays for diagnosis and tracking therapeutic success in Lyme infections. (bvsalud.org)
Especially if it might help anyone who suffers with Lyme and its co-infections. (lyme-disease-research-database.com)

The Struggling Infectious Diseases Fellow: Remediation Challenges and Opportunities. (nih.gov)

Blood tests are often falsely negative in the early stages of the disease. (wikipedia.org)
Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications from disseminated disease. (health.mil)
Cholera vaccine: early lyme, 117. (myjuicecup.com)
This means that in those early phases of Lyme disease, when a person is most vulnerable, they're often misdiagnosed with a false negative. (blogspot.com)
divisions of initiative for ablation of Lyme robot: adequate forums and electrical occasions for early exposures. (1a-hotel.com)

2018) Valoración de un nuevo ensayo quimioluminiscente en comparación con ELISA en la detección de IgG contra el virus de la hepatitis E. Revista de la Sociedad Andaluza de Microbiología y Parasitología Clínica. (vircell.com)

Basically, fake diseases are diseases that do not exist in conventional medicine as diagnostic entities because there does not exist sufficient sufficient evidence to support them as one or there exists compelling evidence that they are not. (scienceblogs.com)

The incidence of Lyme disease is highest between April and October (especially from June to August). (amboss.com)

Lyme disease is the most commonly diagnosed vector-borne illness in the U.S. military. (health.mil)

Tick-borne diseases are typically associated with specific geographical regions. (amboss.com)

In pseudomedicine, fake diseases predominate. (scienceblogs.com)

the drugs of choice are doxycycline for localized disease and ceftriaxone for disseminated disease. (amboss.com)

We describe the epidemiology and cost of Lyme disease-related hospitalizations. (cdc.gov)

In July 2019, the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of concurrent or sequential EIA testing for diagnosis of Lyme disease. (medscape.com)
Approximately four other lyme disease described in which show signs symptoms, pain that may 2019 as hepatitis liver function with that causes. (myjuicecup.com)

[16] As a biphasic disease , the first phase (acute or septic phase) ends after three to seven days of illness. (mdwiki.org)

1 Clinicians trained in the U.S. who practice internationally or who commonly treat international travelers should understand the universal commonalities and region-specific differences in the microbiology, presentation, and diagnosis of Lyme disease. (health.mil)
[12] Both wild and domestic animals can spread the disease, most commonly rodents . (mdwiki.org)
[8] In developing countries, the disease occurs most commonly in farmers and low-income people who live in areas with poor sanitation. (mdwiki.org)

Death certificates listing lyme disease often perivascular cellular component of ptlds, orme cm in the wait-list controls. (myjuicecup.com)

There are three stages of Lyme disease. (amboss.com)

The diagnosis of Lyme disease is based o nits symptoms, physical findings (e.g., the characteristic skin rash, which looks like a bull's eye), and a history of being in an area where exposure to ticks is possible. (scienceblogs.com)

Of 20,983,165 admission records contained in the inpatient databases during the study period, 2,823 (0.01%) met inclusion criteria for Lyme disease-related hospitalizations. (cdc.gov)

Rarely B. valaisiana , B. lusitaniae , B. spielmanii , and B. bavariensis infect humans. (amboss.com)

Efforts to prevent the disease include protective equipment to block contact when working with potentially infected animals, washing after contact, and reducing rodents in areas where people live and work. (mdwiki.org)

There are several vaccines for the prevention of Lyme disease in dogs. (wikipedia.org)
Lyme Disease Action: Striving for the prevention and treatment of Lyme disease and associated tick borne diseases. (lymediseaseaction.org.uk)

However, other tick-borne microorganisms with potential to cause human disease are less known and clear recommendations on diagnosis and management are scarce. (frontiersin.org)

When B. burgdorferi was originally described it was believed to be the only species responsible for Lyme disease. (lymediseaseaction.org.uk)

Naturopaths, for instance, like to diagnose people with "adrenal fatigue," which is one of the prototypical "fake diseases. (scienceblogs.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms6

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs6

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science1

Health Care1

Geographicals2

Borrelia23

Borreliosis14

Carditis2

Erythema4

Arthritis4

Centers for Diseas2

Symptoms of Lyme disease2

Cases of lyme disease3

Manifestations2

Burgdorferi sensu stricto2

Ixodes1

Infection9

Bacterium1

Post-treatment Lyme disease2

Causes Lyme disease1

20231

Antibodies1

Clinical9

Chronic Lyme di7

Antibiotic8

Bacteria3

20171

Infect Dis2

Require hospitalization2

Fever4

Epidemiological3

Genospecies2

Patients15

Infections2

Infectious Diseases1

Early5

20181

Diagnostic1

Incidence1

Vector-borne illness1

Typically1

Predominate1

Doxycycline1

Epidemiology1

20192

Illness1

Commonly3

PTLDS1

Stages1

Findings1

0.011

Spielmanii1

Include1

Prevention2

Diagnosis and management1

Species1

Fatigue1