Human immun serologic tests. Medical search. Frequent questions

Because the polymerase chain-reaction test is not routinely available, many donors and other persons positive by serologic assays have been told that they are infected with HTLV-I/II. (cdc.gov)
Within the past 2 years, investigational peptide- and recombinant protein-based serologic assays that can more easily differentiate the antibodies to HTLV-I and HTLV-II have been developed (8,9). (cdc.gov)
This data was linked to testing data for 454 of these patients, including polymerase chain reaction test results and two different serologic assays. (jmir.org)
Antiviral screening assays for human herpesviruses 6 and 7. (unt.edu)
serologic assays enable plasma-level performance from dried blood spot samples. (rush.edu)

NHANES offers a unique opportunity to estimate the prevalence of reactive serologic tests as an estimate of the prevalence of syphilis infections in the general population, to identify and confirm risk factors for syphilis, to confirm the risk for HIV infection and HIV-related neurologic disease among Americans with syphilis, and to monitor trends in prevalence as syphilis detection and treatment programs are established and expanded. (cdc.gov)
Without some other evidence for the diagnosis of syphilis, a reactive nontreponemal test does not confirm T. pallidum infection. (cdc.gov)
The appearance of immunoglobulin M (IgM) or precipitin antibody against Coccidioides is the most sensitive serologic indication of early infection. (medscape.com)
Caused by infection with the spirochetal (helical) bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, Lyme disease is primarily transmitted to humans , as well as dogs , horses and other domesticated animals, by the bite of infected ticks . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Domestic and other wild cats are the definitive hosts of T. gondii , and ingestion of oocysts excreted by cats is the main source of infection in intermediate hosts (humans and animals) 1 , 8 . (nature.com)
In settings in which a high proportion of adults have risks for HBV infection (e.g., sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus testing and treatment facilities, drug-abuse treatment and prevention settings, health-care settings targeting services to IDUs, health-care settings targeting services to MSM, and correctional facilities), ACIP recommends universal hepatitis B vaccination for all unvaccinated adults. (cdc.gov)
On the other hand, most isolates from dogs and cats have been from genotypes C and D, and therefore, do not pose a significant risk for human infection. (antimicrobe.org)
The influenza viruses pose a threat to human health and medical services, and vaccination is an important way to prevent infection. (biomedcentral.com)
2017) Serological diagnosis of EBV infection: Comparison of two serological tests. (vircell.com)
One of the main risk factors for the infection and development of human toxocariasis, is to cohabit with puppies and kittens. (scielo.org.co)

Subsequent studies using serologic analysis of recombinant expression libraries (SEREX) and database mining ( 4 - 6 ) identified multiple families of CTAs. (aacrjournals.org)

During this time, the perception of CD has changed from a rather uncommon enteropathy to a common multi- organ disease with a strong genetic predisposition that is associated mainly with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. (vdocuments.net)
In the test, the RPR antigen is mixed with unheated or heated serum or with unheated plasma on a plastic-coated card. (cdc.gov)
Vaccination against human cancer is a promising therapeutic approach but the optimal antigen or antigens remain undefined. (aacrjournals.org)
A new histo-blood group system was discovered, based on the identification of Forssman glycolipid antigen on human red blood cells. (ashpublications.org)
The unexpected Fs antigen was confirmed in structural, serologic, and flow-cytometric studies. (ashpublications.org)

Since then, all donations of whole blood and blood components in the United States have been screened for antibodies to HTLV-I. The screening tests that were licensed, as well as the investigational supplementary tests used to confirm seroreactivity (Western immunoblot and radioimmunoprecipitation assay), do not reliably differentiate between antibodies to HTLV-I and the closely related HTLV-II. (cdc.gov)
In addition, the licensed screening tests, which use HTLV-I antigens, vary in their sensitivity to detect antibodies to HTLV-II (4,5). (cdc.gov)
The diagnosis of CD also has changed as a result of the availability of CD-specific antibody tests, based mainly on tissue transgluta- minase type 2 (TG2) antibodies. (vdocuments.net)
The RPR test measures IgM and IgG antibodies to lipoidal material released from damaged host cells, as well as to lipoprotein-like material and possibly cardiolipin released from the treponemes. (cdc.gov)
If antibodies are not present, the test mixture is uniformly gray. (cdc.gov)
The Serodia TP-PA test is a treponemal test for the serologic detection of antibodies to the various species and subspecies of pathogenic Treponema , the causative agents of syphilis, yaws, pinta, bejel, and endemic syphilis. (cdc.gov)
The Borrelia assay is a 2 hour, 96-well indirect ELISA for the qualitative or quantitative determination of Borrelia IgM antibodies in human serum, plasma and CSF samples. (bmgrp.com)
In a next step, the conjugate (HRP-conjugated rabbit anti-human IgM antibody) is pipetted into the wells and reacts with the anti-Borrelia IgM antibodies present in the sample. (bmgrp.com)
However, primates including humans lack Fs synthase activity and have naturally occurring Fs antibodies in plasma. (ashpublications.org)

2020) Comparison of the performance of two Galactomannan (GLM) detection tests: Platelia Galactomannan (Bio-Rad) and Galactomannan Virclia (Vircell). (vircell.com)
Alfieri AA, Leite JPG, Alfieri AF, Jiang B, Glass RI, Gentsch JR. Detection of field isolates of human and animal group C rotavirus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide-probes. (unt.edu)
While several known factors such as waning of immunity, detection bias due to more sensitive tests and higher awareness of the disease among practitioners, and evolutionary shifts among B. pertussis all likely contribute, collectively, these do not adequately explain the existing epidemiologic data, suggesting that additional factors also contribute. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to increase sensitivity in non-invasive specimens, several experimental studies have evaluated PCR detection of P. jiroveci DNA as a potential diagnostic test. (biomedcentral.com)

Cell-mediated immunity to C albicans antigens can be demonstrated in most human subjects both by the appearance of delayed skin hypersensitivity to antigens and by in vitro tests of cellular immunity, such as inhibition of leukocyte migration or stimulation of lymphocyte transformation to candidal antigens. (medscape.com)
In the serologic tests, four principal types of Candida antigens have been used, including (1) whole nonviable yeast cells, (2) candidal culture filtrates, (3) cell wall polysaccharides or glycoproteins, and (4) cytoplasmic antigens from mechanically disrupted yeast cells. (medscape.com)
A recently developed multiplex immunoassay was used to measure the intensity of antibody (Ab) responses against 19 different Plasmodium specific antigens, covering different human malaria parasites and two vector saliva antigens. (biomedcentral.com)
All samples tested showed serological reactivity to Plasmodium antigens. (biomedcentral.com)

Syphilis remains a common cause of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy, despite the continued sensitivity of T. pallidum to penicillin, the widespread availability of inexpensive, accurate tests, and substantial efforts to encourage routine screening through early prenatal care. (glowm.com)
Repeat testing following a negative result improves sensitivity. (medscape.com)

testing, after amplification by polymerase chain reaction, indicated that approximately half were infected with HTLV-I and half with HTLV-II (6). (cdc.gov)

and CD-speciﬁc antibody tests have improved. (vdocuments.net)
The 2004 National Institutes of Health/ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality report and a systematic literature search on antibody tests for CD in paediatric patients covering the years 2004 to 2009 was the basis for the evidence-based recommendations on CD-speciﬁc antibody testing. (vdocuments.net)
A detailed evidence report on antibody testing in CD forms the basis of the guidelines and will be published separately. (vdocuments.net)
Biotinylated anti-human IgG labeled with strepavidin-peroxidase is used to detect the patient's antibody. (cdc.gov)

Chronic Lyme disease is used in North America and increasingly in Europe as a diagnosis for patients with persistent pain, neurocognitive symptoms, fatigue, or all of these symptoms, with or without clinical or serologic evidence of previous early or late Lyme disease. (med-abstracts.com)
Here, we tested peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PPMOs), which inhibit translation of complementary mRNA from specific, essential genes in P. aeruginosa PPMOs targeted to acpP, lpxC, and rpsJ, inhibited P. aeruginosa growth in many clinical strains and activity of PPMOs could be enhanced 2- to 8-fold by the addition of polymyxin B nonapeptide at subinhibitory concentrations. (bvsalud.org)
Currently, CDC recommends that the test be used in the clinical laboratory as a confirmatory test for the diagnosis of syphilis. (cdc.gov)
However, the test may be used as a screening test and is FDA-approved for such use in clinical laboratories and blood banks. (cdc.gov)
A rapid commercial system (Microstix-Candida or Oricult-N test) for diagnosing oral candidosis is useful for screening patients in the clinical setting, particularly when microbiology laboratories are not in easy access. (medscape.com)
Serologic tests for candidal organisms are not diagnostic tools, since the diagnosis can be achieved more readily by clinical evaluation and by smear or culture. (medscape.com)
Observed differences in virulence-associated phenotypes between a human clinical isolate and a veterinary isolate of mycobacterium ovium. (unt.edu)

The diplomonads include free-living and parasitic organisms, but Giardia is the only one recognized as a human pathogen. (antimicrobe.org)

However, the development of an effective toxoplasmosis vaccine in humans remains a challenge to date. (nature.com)
The Chi-square test, multivariable logistic regression analysis, and sum-rank test were used to analyze the factors associated with influenza vaccine immune response. (biomedcentral.com)
Vaccination history, age, health condition, and frequency of colds were important factors affecting the seroconversion rate of the influenza vaccine in human. (biomedcentral.com)
The results may provide supporting data for identifying influenza vaccination low responders and optimizing the vaccination strategies, thereby improving the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in human. (biomedcentral.com)
But there is no substantial evidence of efficacy for ETEC and shigella vaccines, although several promising vaccine concepts are moving from the development and testing pipeline towards efficacy and Phase 3 trials. (biomedcentral.com)
This paper reviews the experimental studies focused on vaccine development for toxocariasis control, and special attention is given to relevant epidemiological studies on the importance of dogs in human toxocariasis. (scielo.org.co)

They are different from the human immunodeficiency viruses that cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. (cdc.gov)
They are only distantly related to the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2), which belong to the lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses and which cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (cdc.gov)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the protein similarity degree among 15 C. albicans isolates with different virulence obtained from healthy and infected human and animals. (scialert.net)
Regarding to the virulence and host aspects, the means S D of high virulent and low virulent isolates as well as human and animal isolates were 85.8 and 85.6% in PAGE, respectively. (scialert.net)
The mean S D of cell wall was 91.9% between low virulent and high virulent isolates and 92.2% between human and animal isolates. (scialert.net)
Such results suggest a highly protein similarity degree among the most isolates with low and high virulence as well as from human and animal hosts. (scialert.net)
In this study, we described the use of SDS-PAGE, along with PAGE techniques, to analyze the similarity of the protein profiles of the cytoplasmic extracts and cell walls of different C. albicans isolates obtained from different host conditions (human against animal isolates and patient against healthy subject isolates) with various virulence degrees. (scialert.net)
Seventeen fresh C. albicans , originated from infected human (7 isolates) and animals (10 isolates), were obtained from Fungal Collection of Mycology Research Center, University of Tehran between April and November, 2007. (scialert.net)

The whole-cell protein profile obtained by these techniques could provide additional criteria for the serologic and immunologic studies of C. albicans . (scialert.net)
Thus, in future, molecular studies on the cellular host-pathogen interaction, considering physiologic and pathophysiologic oxygen conditions, can be used to characterize adequately new therapeutic target structures against infectious diseases in humans and animals. (biomedcentral.com)
Since there is insufficient knowledge about physiologic and pathophysiologic oxygen levels in humans and animals, in vivo characterization is necessary to optimize conditions for in vitro studies and therefore finally to reduce the number of animal experiments. (biomedcentral.com)

[1,2] Humans are the only natural host, although several nonhuman primate species have been infected in laboratory settings. (cdc.gov)
Human betaherpesvirus 5, also called human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), is species of virus in the genus Cytomegalovirus, which in turn is a member of the viral family known as Herpesviridae or herpesviruses. (wikipedia.org)
Determination of ibuprofen's in vitro antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia species strains through measurements of the endpoint number of CFU and growth kinetics showed that ibuprofen reduced the growth rate and bacterial burden of the tested strains in a dose-dependent fashion. (bvsalud.org)
Species are distinguished by biochemical and DNA hybridization tests. (tdmuv.com)
More than 25 species are associated with humans. (tdmuv.com)
Only two species, P mallei and P pseudomallei, produce specific human diseases: glanders and melioidosis. (tdmuv.com)
At present, diagnostic tests are based only on B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (the only species present in the United States), B. afzelii, and B. garinii. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
High geographical heterogeneity in malaria endemicity and the presence of multiple Plasmodium species that cause human malaria ( Plasmodium falciparum , Plasmodium vivax , Plasmodium malariae , Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium knowlesi ) are characteristics of malaria epidemiology in the region. (biomedcentral.com)

Both belong to the oncovirus subfamily of retroviruses and can transform human lymphocytes so that they are self-sustaining in vitro. (cdc.gov)

Diagnosis requires isolation of the organism in culture, identification on histologic specimens, or serologic testing. (medscape.com)
2017) Comparison of ELISA IgM and IgG test kits in the diagnosis of measles. (vircell.com)

comparison of the specificity of human and bovine tuberculin ppd for testing cattle. (liverpool.ac.uk)
a tuberculin testing trial was carried out in eight counties of south-eastern england to compare the specificity for bovine tuberculosis of weybridge human ppd with that of rotterdam bovine ppd. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Preliminary data suggest that these investigational tests are potentially useful for typing serum samples (8,9). (cdc.gov)
The assay employs human serum-based standards to ensure the measurement of biologically reliable data. (bmgrp.com)

As tests of humoral immunity, the candida agglutinin test, candida complement-fixation test, candida precipitin test, immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) have been used. (medscape.com)

BACKGROUND: Many health departments and private enterprises began offering SARS-CoV-2 testing to travelers at US airports in 2020. (cdc.gov)
Online surveys were conducted during November-December 2020 and assessed availability of testing for air travelers, flight crew, and airport employees. (cdc.gov)
We analyzed testing data and management practices for persons who tested positive and their close contacts at one airport (Denver International) from 12/21/2020 to 3/31/2021. (cdc.gov)
9%). Most sites began testing in the fall of 2020. (cdc.gov)

The reproducibility assessment with the third-party testing laboratory, revealed better agreement on the performance of the assay with a kappa value of 0.81(0.547 to 1.00 at 95% CI). (researchsquare.com)
The assay works with human samples only. (bmgrp.com)

In contrast, there is reasonably good epidemiologic evidence to suggest that beavers can be a source for human infections ( 53 , 136 , 155 ). (antimicrobe.org)

10 times the upper limit of normal), then the option is to diagnose CD without duodenal biopsies by applying a strict protocol with further laboratory tests. (vdocuments.net)
General laboratory tests include a complete blood count (CBC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). (medscape.com)

Human and canine leishmaniasis (CanL) by Leishmania infantum is endemic in Italy, with a high percentage of infected asymptomatic animals. (biomedcentral.com)

The human T-lymphotropic viruses, type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II), are closely related but distinct retroviruses that can infect humans. (cdc.gov)
Human T-lymphotropic viruses, type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II), were the first human retroviruses discovered (1,2). (cdc.gov)
Bender C, Hall H, Huang J, Klimov A, Subbarao K. Characterization of the surface proteins of influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated from humans in 1997-1998. (unt.edu)

The MMWR series of publications is published by the Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333. (cdc.gov)
Most pseudomonads known to cause disease in humans are associated with opportunistic infections. (tdmuv.com)
Because of the frequency with which it is involved in human disease, P aeruginosa has received the most attention. (tdmuv.com)
Vaccination is the most effective way to reduce human influenza disease burden. (biomedcentral.com)
Human leishmaniasis has recently been categorised as an emerging and uncontrolled disease (i.e. category 1), with a total disease burden of 2,090,000 Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (DALYs) and 51,000 deaths per year [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Is human granulocytic ehrlichiosis a new Lyme disease? (powerhealthtalk.com)

Our analysis at the clonal level demonstrates that human LFA-1α L326-345 behaves as a partial agonist, perhaps playing a role in perpetuating symptoms of arthritis. (aai.org)

Here we present data indicating that when overexpressed, Sema 3A causes human neural progenitors (NP) axonal retraction and an aberrant dendritic arborization. (biomedcentral.com)

There is a need for developing optimized vaccination strategies for vulnerable groups to improve the efficacy of influenza vaccines in human. (biomedcentral.com)

Persons with positive SARS-CoV-2 test results who have planned upcoming travel may be subject to US federal public health travel restrictions. (cdc.gov)

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that is the principal cause of superficial and systemic candidiasis in human and animals. (scialert.net)

20 Therefore, all patients with syphilis represent a critical HIV prevention opportunity and should be counseled and encouraged to undergo HIV testing. (glowm.com)
The Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) 18-mm circle card test is a macroscopic, nontreponemal flocculation card test used to screen for syphilis. (cdc.gov)

the matching of these two tuberculins for potency in naturally infected cattle had already been established, the bovine ppd being approximately one-and-a-half times more potent than the human ppd per unit of weight. (liverpool.ac.uk)

PPMOs had low toxicity in human CF cells at doses that were antibacterial. (bvsalud.org)
To analyze the nature of response to OspA and LFA-1α L , we used OspA-specific T cell hybrids from DR4 transgenic mice, as well as cloned human cells specific for OspA 165-184 , the immunodominant epitope, from five DRB1*0401 + patients, using OspA-MHC class II tetramers. (aai.org)
A variety of human autoimmune diseases are thought to be mediated by CD4 T cells ( 1 , 2 ). (aai.org)

Furthermore, cross-reaction between the bacterial OspA and human LFA-1α L at the T cell level and the inability to detect Bb in the joint implicate an autoimmune mechanism. (aai.org)

Although OspA 165-184 stimulated nearly all OspA-specific human T cell clones tested to proliferate and secrete IFN-γ and IL-13, LFA-1α L326-345 stimulated ∼10% of these clones to proliferate and a greater percentage to secrete IL-13. (aai.org)

well, in one of the medical memozables of its download Interpretación y análisis yeah tested to the administrator, our El Paso County Board of las Based to Elevate the type of Jan. now from the step and stability rate associated in the improvement, transition and ballot of this author, if it preferred lot to mention with designing captive at all, it might keep destined an treatment-resistant insurance. (jimeflynn.com)

This study determined the most appropriate audiological tests and to identify possible risk factors. (cysticfibrosis.online)
CF children who had received at least 10 courses of IV AG had a higher risk of ototoxicity.Extended high frequency audiometry identified 2 more children with ototoxicity than standard PTA and depending on facilities available, should be the test of choice for detecting ototoxicity in children with CF receiving IV aminoglycosides. (cysticfibrosis.online)

the development of skin test responses in m bovis-infected cattle was determined for international standard ppd-s, m bovis ppd-2, and m bovis ppd-5 at 24, 48, and 72 hours. (liverpool.ac.uk)

HLA- DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 testing is valuable because CD is unlikely if both haplotypes are negative. (vdocuments.net)

Anatomy8

Organisms46

Diseases71

Chemicals and Drugs46

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment51

Phenomena and Processes20

Disciplines and Occupations3

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