Human substrate specificity. Medical search. Frequent questions

NADPH-dependent reductase with broad substrate specificity. (joplink.net)
Interestingly, MDR1 Pgp has been suggested to exhibit an unusually broad substrate specificity. (hu-berlin.de)
Because of broad substrate specificity of CYP3A4, fipronil may interact with many other CYP3A4 substrates. (cdc.gov)
Our study provides key insights into the unusually broad substrate specificity of MRP4 and constitutes an important contribution toward a general understanding of multidrug transporters. (rcsb.org)

Human herpesvirus 8 open reading frame 21 is a thymidine and thymidylate kinase of narrow substrate specificity that efficiently phosphorylates zidovudine but not ganciclovir. (umassmed.edu)
A systematic study was undertaken in order to assess the substrate specificity of cyclin-B/cell division control protein kinase (CDC2) isolated from human HeLa cells, using 13-15 residue peptides with a central histone-like KKSPKK motif as a model. (unityfvg.it)
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) belong to the CMGC kinase family and are closely related to dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs). (nature.com)
HIPKs belong to the CMGC group of serine/threonine kinases and are part of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. (nature.com)

The P-loop is best known for its presence in ATP- and GTP-binding proteins, and is also found in a variety of proteins with phosphorylated substrates. (wikipedia.org)
The hydrolysing enzyme human deglycase-1 (hDJ-1) is reported to decrease glycative stress by deglycating the modified proteins , specifically at cysteine , lysine , and arginine sites. (bvsalud.org)
Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) constitute a superfamily of proteins catalysing reactions of a wide range of substrates in all life forms. (avhandlingar.se)
In humans there exist five isoforms of the B56 type regulatory subunit and they bind to their interacting proteins through a conserved LxxIxE motif. (eu.org)
The motif is conserved in essential proteins throughout the eukaryotic domain of life and also in human viruses, suggesting that the motifs are required for basic cellular function. (eu.org)
These superhelical structures present an extensive solvent-accessible surface that is well suited to binding large substrates such as proteins and nucleic acids. (eu.org)
this is because they directly bind to their target proteins and thus control substrate specificity. (europa.eu)

DYRKs are named after their characteristic dual-specificity, as they auto-phosphorylate a conserved tyrosine in their activation loop, but phosphorylate substrates on serine and threonine residues 2 . (nature.com)

Human prostaglandin reductase 1 (PGR1): Substrate specificity, inhibitor analysis and site-directed mutagenesis. (ox.ac.uk)

These experiments confirm the functional role of Glu146 in the selectivity of SULT1A3 for biogenic amines and suggest that this region is a key determinant of sulfotransferase substrate specificity. (aspetjournals.org)
Human sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) is involved in the bioactivation of some dietary procarcinogens, including the N -hydroxy metabolite of the food-borne heterocyclic amine, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5- b ) pyridine. (aacrjournals.org)
We stably engineered O-glycan sulfation capacities in HEK293 cells by site-directed knockin of sulfotransferase genes in combination with knockout of genes to eliminate endogenous O-glycan branching (core2 synthase gene GCNT1) and/or sialylation capacities in order to provide simplified substrates (core1 Galβ1-3GalNAcα1-O-Ser/Thr) for the introduced sulfotransferases. (lu.se)

The change of a single amino acid, E146A, was sufficient to transform the catalytic properties and substrate preference of SULT1A3, such that they closely resembled those of SULT1A1. (aspetjournals.org)
A single amino acid change (Glu18 to Asp18) improved the substrate specificity of mDJ-1 toward NacLys and NacArg. (bvsalud.org)
Single amino acid substitutions in influenza haemagglutinin change receptor binding specificity. (cdc.gov)

The structures reveal unique active-site features that, in conjunction with functional experiments, explain the substrate specificity of XT1. (rcsb.org)
The structures display clear similarities and distinct differences in the coordination of these chemically diverse substrates and, in combination with functional and mutational analysis, reveal molecular details of the transport mechanism. (rcsb.org)
Functional and structural characterization of human adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP). (elifesciences.org)

Structure-guided approach to modify the substrate specificity of the protein human deglycase-1 (hDJ-1). (bvsalud.org)
The pathway of nucleotidyl transfer reaction by human DNA polymerase eta, a key enzyme in translesion synthesis in human cells was newly visualized using time-resolved protein crystallography by freeze trapping. (nii.ac.jp)
As Table 1 also shows, the only other protease inhibitors that are FDA-approved for human use are the protein therapeutic serine protease inhibitors, Trasylol, used in heart bypass surgery, and then a growing family of plasma-derived human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors. (ddw-online.com)
methylation at certain residues of histones can regulate gene expression [ 4 ], and glycosylation is responsible for targeting substrates and changing protein half-life [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Either at genomic or at proteomic level, mutations have significant impact on normal gene or protein function, and human diseases could be associated with mutations like nonsynonymous single-nucleotide variations (nsSNVs) on amino acids. (hindawi.com)

Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are important enzymes in metabolic elimination of endo- and xenobiotics. (nih.gov)
In-vitro metabolic inhibition studies using rat and human liver microsomes and intestinal absorption studies of riluzole in a rat everted gut-sac model were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of interaction. (researchgate.net)
Study of metabolic interactions of fipronil and some CYP3A4 substrates. (cdc.gov)
This study investigated metabolic interactions of fipronil with testosterone or diazepam, two other CYP3A4 substrates. (cdc.gov)

The human metabolism of fipronil has been studied in our laboratory using human liver microsomes (HLM) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms. (cdc.gov)
CYP3A4 has been identified as the major enzyme catalyzing fipronil metabolism in human. (cdc.gov)

In this work, we chose eight experimentally demonstrated damaged PTMs to elucidate their association to human diseases including inherited diseases and cancers (somatic diseases). (hindawi.com)

In addition to the previously described substrates, four novel compounds, Ac-Glu-Met, Ac-Asp-Met and, surprisingly, Ac-Ala-Glu and Ac-Ala-Met were identified as substrates for GCPII, and their respective kinetic constants determined. (johnshopkins.edu)
Nevertheless, since only few human UGT enzymes were tested for this phenomenon, we have now performed detailed enzyme kinetic analysis on the BSA effects in six previously untested UGTs, using 2-4 suitable substrates for each enzyme. (nih.gov)
The individual Gluts differ in their tissue distribution, substrate specificity, kinetic properties, and intracellular localization. (rndsystems.com)

Through molecular modeling and dynamic simulations, we found an interdependency between ssDNA substrate binding conformation and nucleotide sequence specificity. (umassmed.edu)

We have focused on the characterization of the recombinant human enzyme prostaglandin reductase 1 (PGR1), also known as leukotriene B4 dehydrogenase. (ox.ac.uk)
Only a partial characterization of this enzyme, isolated from human placenta, had been previously reported. (ox.ac.uk)
Molecular docking simulations, based on the three-dimensional structure of the human enzyme (PDB ID 2Y05), and site-directed mutagenesis studies were performed to pinpoint important structural determinants, highlighting the role of Arg56 and Tyr245 in 15-keto-PG binding. (ox.ac.uk)
The results shed new light on the complexity of the BSA effects on the activity and enzyme kinetics of the human UGTs. (nih.gov)

Media of known composition that maintain human embryonic stem (hES) cells have been developed, but finding chemically defined, robust substrata has proven difficult. (nih.gov)

Preclinical models that can accurately predict the toxicity and efficacy of candidate drugs to human liver tissue are in urgent need. (springeropen.com)
These QSPRs for pharmacokinetic parameters and individual ADME processes could not be and have not been used in predictive toxicology, particularly in risk assessment, for providing a priori predictions of the time-course of the tissue or blood concentrations of the toxic moiety in intact animals and humans exposed to varying doses of chemicals by various routes and scenarios. (cdc.gov)

T o obtain better insights into the mechanism of ribonucleotyic activity we have modeled 7 human RN ases and bovine RNase A each with two different model substrates (ACAC and AUAU). (inrs.ca)
Overall, these studies are providing us structural and dynamical insights into affinity of substrate by various members of this family. (inrs.ca)
Recent crystal structures of ssDNA-bound A3s together with experimental studies have provided some insights into distinct substrate specificities among the family members. (umassmed.edu)

Our results explain the molecular basis of previously observed substrate specificities in A3s and have implications for designing A3-specific inhibitors for cancer therapy as well as engineering base-editing systems for gene therapy. (umassmed.edu)

Receptor determinants of human and animal influenza virus isolates: differences in receptor specificity of the H3 hemagglutinin based on species of origin. (cdc.gov)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore potential drug-drug/food interactions of ciprofloxacin and grapefruit juice, known hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 inhibitors, on single-dose oral pharmacokinetics of riluzole, a substrate of CYP 1A2 enzymes. (researchgate.net)
Human biochemistry that involves enzymes usually performs optimally around a biologically neutral pH of 7.4. (hmdb.ca)

In humans, catecholamines such as dopamine are extensively sulfated, and a SULT isoform (SULT1A3 or the monoamine-sulfating form of phenolsulfotransferase) has evolved with considerable selectivity for dopamine and other biogenic amines. (aspetjournals.org)

In this paper we report expression of an extracellular portion of human glutamate carboxypeptidase II (amino acids 44-750) in Drosophila Schneider's cells and its purification to homogeneity. (johnshopkins.edu)
Structural analysis of hDJ-1 by molecular docking and simulation studies, however, indicates a possible role of glutamate (Glu18) in determining its substrate specificity . (bvsalud.org)

The effective substrates displayed heparin-binding peptides, which can interact with cell-surface glycosaminoglycans and could be used with a defined medium to culture hES cells for more than 3 months. (nih.gov)
We have determined crystal structures of human xylosyltransferase 1 (XT1) in complex with the sugar donor, UDP-xylose, and various acceptor peptides. (rcsb.org)

The neuraminidase stalks regions in these viruses had no deletion as compared to that A/Dk/HK/ Y280/97 lineage (Ck/Bei-like viruses) and the 2 human isolates A/HK/1073/99, A/HK/1074/99. (scialert.net)
With the emergence of non-human H9N2 isolates with avian characteristics, it is important to study the H9N2 isolates from avian hosts in addition to those obtained from humans for pandemic influenza understanding and preparedness. (scialert.net)

So far, more than 3000 members including species variants and over 60 human SDR genes are deposited in databases. (avhandlingar.se)
The gene encoding the Ov-phy-1 open reading frame contained 11 introns, similar in structure to the gene encoding human prolyl 4-hydroxylase isoform I. Genomic Southern blot, EST and genomic PCR studies demonstrated that the O. volvulus genome contained between three and eight genes closely related to Ov-phy-1. (embl.de)
To this date, 28 genes of the metalloprotease family have been identified in human beings. (bvsalud.org)
The human genome contains at least 35 genes that encode Golgi sulfotransferases that function in the secretory pathway, where they are involved in decorating glycosaminoglycans, glycolipids, and glycoproteins with sulfate groups. (lu.se)

Although overall structurally similar, A3s have vastly varying deamination activity and substrate preferences. (umassmed.edu)

Can bind glutathione, which explains its higher affinity for glutathione-conjugated substrates. (joplink.net)

the role of the host cell in selection of hemagglutinin receptor specificity. (cdc.gov)
Some avian H9 viruses have acquired receptor binding characteristics typical of human strains, increasing the potential for reassortment in both human and pig respiratory tracts ( Suzuki, 2005 ). (scialert.net)

In this study, we identified the structural basis of substrate specificities in three catalytically active A3 domains whose crystal structures have been previously characterized: A3A, A3B- CTD, and A3G-CTD. (umassmed.edu)
Hou S, Lee JM, Myint W, Matsuo H, Kurt Yilmaz N, Schiffer CA. Structural basis of substrate specificity in human cytidine deaminase family APOBEC3s. (umassmed.edu)

Journal Article] Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of human MTH1 with a homogeneous N-terminus. (nii.ac.jp)

As these kinds of health effects data become available and methods to assess levels of significant human exposure improve, these MRLs will be revised. (cdc.gov)

To exploit the full potential of human pluripotent stem cells for regenerative medicine, developmental biology and drug discovery, defined culture conditions are needed. (nih.gov)
Our results indicate that synthetic substrates that recognize cell-surface glycans can facilitate the long-term culture of pluripotent stem cells. (nih.gov)
Human liver organoid (HLO) derived from human pluripotent stem cells offers. (springeropen.com)
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs)-derived brain organ. (springeropen.com)

Please upgrade your browser to a newer version to get the best experience on Human Metabolome Database. (hmdb.ca)

To explore further the genetic and biosynthetic regulation of sulfated O-glycans, here we expanded a cell-based glycan array in the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell line with sulfation capacities. (lu.se)

Therefore, organoids are great models for investigation of organ formation and regeneration, organ homeostasis, human development and disease mechanisms as well as for drug discovery and sensitivity test, having great potentials in personalized medicine. (springeropen.com)

Previous studies indicate that there is no preference for a common substrate by all members. (inrs.ca)

Matrosovich M , Zhou N , Kawaoka Y , Webster R . The surface glycoproteins of H5 influenza viruses isolated from humans, chickens, and wild aquatic birds have distinguishable properties. (cdc.gov)
Within the influenza division, we have a branch, and it's focused on surveillance for all influenza viruses, and that includes both human seasonal strains, as well as influenza viruses that circulate in animal hosts. (cdc.gov)
And I'm the team lead of a laboratory that focuses only on the zoonotic influenza viruses, or those strains that are typically found only in animals, but occasionally can infect humans. (cdc.gov)
Most of the time those influenza viruses don't infect people, but when they do, we're especially concerned because humans don't have immunity to the viruses that typically circulate in those other animals that I mentioned. (cdc.gov)

Compared to other lipid ATP-binding cassette transporters, ALDP has two substrate binding cavities formed by the transmembrane domains. (elifesciences.org)
We used the engineered cell library to dissect the binding specificity of galectin-4 and confirmed binding to the 3-O-sulfo-core1 O-glycan. (lu.se)

The DYRK family has been characterized in organisms from yeast to humans and can be divided into five subfamilies, class I DYRKs, class II DYRKs, YAKs, HIPKs, and PRP4s 1 . (nature.com)

In sequence, the substrate and two Mg ions are aligned, the nucleophile 3'-OH is deprotonated, the sugar conformation changes and the new bond is formed. (nii.ac.jp)

The human cytidine deaminase family of APOBEC3s (A3s) plays critical roles in both innate immunity and the development of cancers. (umassmed.edu)

In particular, the loss of ALKBH6 in human pancreatic cancer cells increases alkylating agent-induced DNA damage and significantly decreases cell survival. (frontiersin.org)

In this study, we elucidated the proteome wide relationship of eight damaged PTMs to human inherited diseases and cancers. (hindawi.com)
By determining the cryo EM structure of human ABCD1 the study represents a valuable insight into its transport mechanism and the mechanistic basis for mutations causing the severe neurodegenerative disorder, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. (elifesciences.org)

This parasite requires the use of 8-aminoquinoline drugs to prevent relapses from liver hypnozoites, but high prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the endemic human populations makes it difficult to adopt this treatment regimen. (intechopen.com)

However, the molecular interactions responsible for their distinct biological functions and how structure regulates substrate specificity are not clear. (umassmed.edu)
Substrate specificity of the MUS81-EME2 structure selective endonuclease. (nih.gov)
Crystal structure of the human MUS81-EME2 complex. (nih.gov)
Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of human ALDP with nominal resolution at 3.4 Å. (elifesciences.org)

Here, we report cryo-EM structures of multiple physiologically relevant states of lipid bilayer-embedded human MRP4, including complexes between MRP4 and two widely used chemotherapeutic agents and a complex between MRP4 and its native substrate. (rcsb.org)

In the cases of V(max) values, however, our results differ significantly from the previously published ones, at least with some of the substrates. (nih.gov)
Here, the anionic PS was of particular concern, although previously reported not to be an MDR1 Pgp substrate. (hu-berlin.de)

Although data of both gene mutations and PTMs are increasing fast, the proteome-wide analysis on the relationship between damaged PTMs and human diseases is not well studied. (hindawi.com)

Phylogenetically, CaMV belongs to a group of caulimoviruses most closely related to the hepadnaviruses of animals, which includes the human hepatitis B virus. (i-sis.org.uk)

In a human gastric carcinoma cell line (EPG85-257) overexpressing MDR1, outward transport of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, glucosylceramide and sphingomyelin analogs via MDR1 Pgp was confirmed using fluorescence spectroscopy. (hu-berlin.de)
Sequential and multistep substrate interrogation provides the scaffold for specificity in human flap endonuclease 1.Cell Reports. (edu.sa)
Revised requirements for cell substrates used for the production of biologicals were also considered but not adopted. (who.int)
Instead, the Committee recommended further consultation in view of a forthcoming international meeting on the safety of biologicals prepared from mammalian cell substrates. (who.int)

The first PTPase domain has enzymatic activity, while the second one seems to affect the substrate specificity of the first one. (lu.se)

Anatomy11

Organisms18

Chemicals and Drugs124

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Phenomena and Processes68

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care7

Broad substrate specificity4

Kinase4

Proteins7

Dual-specificity1

Inhibitor1

Sulfotransferase3

Amino Acid3

Functional3

Protein5

Metabolic4

Metabolism2

Elucidate1

Kinetic3

Nucleotide1

Enzyme4

Finding chemically1

Tissue2

Insights3

Implications1

Differences1

Enzymes2

SULT1A31

Glutamate2

Peptides2

Isolates2

Genes4

Structurally1

Affinity1

Receptor2

Structural2

Preliminary1

Methods1

Pluripotent Stem4

Metabolome Database1

Embryonic1

Mechanisms1

Preference1

Influenza viruses4

Binding2

Subfamilies1

Conformation1

Roles1

Pancreatic1

Study2

Liver1

Structure4

Lipid1

Previously2

Analysis1

Closely1

Cell4

Activity1