Human drug resistance multiple. Medical search. Frequent questions

Drug resistance occurs as bacterial or viral populations evolve to no longer respond to medications that previously worked. (wikipedia.org)
are among the most common causes of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and food animals are important reservoirs of the bacteria ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
It also provides insights about bacterial physiology as well as industrial and clinical aspects of antibiotics and about evolution of antibiotic resistance. (lu.se)
The susceptibility pattern indicates that the bacterial isolates exhibited a varying level of resistance to two or more antimicrobial agents with maximum resistance to amoxicillin. (bvsalud.org)
The increase in bacterial resistance constitutes a threat to public health. (bvsalud.org)

According to the global antimicrobial resistance and use surveillance system, the rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin an antibiotic commonly used to treat urinary tract infections, varied from 8.4% to 92.9% for Escherichia coli and from 4.1% to 79.4% for Klebsiellapneumoniae in different countries. (nih.gov)
Isolates from imported meat showed a higher rate of antimicrobial drug resistance, including multidrug resistance, than did isolates from domestic meat. (cdc.gov)
In recent years, an increase in the occurrence of antimicrobial drug-resistant Salmonella spp. (cdc.gov)
and these patients are more likely to require hospitalization and to be hospitalized for longer periods than are patients with infections caused by antimicrobial drug-susceptible Salmonella spp. (cdc.gov)
Antimicrobial drug resistance of Salmonella spp. (cdc.gov)
We compared antimicrobial drug resistance of Salmonella isolates from both imported meat and meat produced within Denmark (domestic meat), as well as from outpatients with diarrhea. (cdc.gov)
The serovars included were restricted to S. Typhimurium, S. Hadar, S. Dublin, S. Saintpaul , S. Enteritidis, S. Virchow, and S. Newport because these were the serovars of which a sufficient number of isolates had been tested for antimicrobial drug susceptibility. (cdc.gov)
No Clinical Benefit of Empirical Antimicrobial Therapy for Pediatric Diarrhea in a High-Usage, High-Resistance Setting. (cam.ac.uk)
The clinical benefits of empirical antimicrobial treatment for diarrhea are unclear in settings that lack reliable diagnostics and have high antimicrobial resistance (AMR). (cam.ac.uk)
Antimicrobial treatment and multidrug resistance status of the infecting pathogens were found to have no significant effect on outcome. (cam.ac.uk)
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) needs a multi-sector response. (www.csiro.au)
Global livestock production is predicted to decrease by up to 7.5% by 2050 due to antimicrobial resistance. (www.csiro.au)
Global livestock production could decrease by up to 7.5 per cent by 2050 due to antimicrobial resistance. (www.csiro.au)
As with humans, antimicrobial resistance limits the effectiveness of these treatments. (www.csiro.au)
Antimicrobial resistance can spread within the environment in several ways including through water, wastewater, animal manure, and food. (www.csiro.au)
Wastewater [PDF, 1mb] from hospitals and other health facilities contains drug-resistant pathogens and antimicrobial medicines. (www.csiro.au)
Antiseptics and antibacterial ingredients in some detergents and handwash unnecessarily contribute to the amount of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in the environment and are no more effective than regular soaps. (www.csiro.au)
Australia's GDP could be five to ten percent lower by 2050 due to antimicrobial resistance. (www.csiro.au)
Businesses that rely on complex supply chains spanning multiple countries will need to adapt their trade models and practices in response to increased biosecurity measures and to mitigate the impact of antimicrobial resistance. (www.csiro.au)
Countries importing food may be reluctant to accept products from places with high rates of antimicrobial resistance, which also adversely impacts the exporter. (www.csiro.au)
Antimicrobial resistance poses a threat as tourists moving between destinations may harbour pathogens. (www.csiro.au)
Domestic and foreign travellers can inadvertently serve as carriers of drug-resistant bacteria from one region or country to another, contributing to the global spread of antimicrobial resistance. (www.csiro.au)
Antimicrobial resistance also poses a threat to public health as travellers returning to their families may harbour these pathogens. (www.csiro.au)
Foodborne pathogens that carry antimicrobial resistance often cause more serious infections, leading to hospitalisation and even death. (www.csiro.au)
Due to antimicrobial resistance, these infections are more complex to treat require more costly antibiotics, and longer hospital stays. (www.csiro.au)
Antimicrobial resistance affects Australia's remote-living Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families at some of the highest reported rates in the country. (www.csiro.au)
The advent of antimicrobial resistance is increasingly limiting therapeutic options in human and veterinary medicine. (vin.com)
The ability of organisms to develop resistance to an antimicrobial varies with the species and strain. (vin.com)
MDR-TB is already responsible for a third of all human casualties and treatment interruption in TB is well known to fuel antimicrobial resistance (AMR). (swisstph.ch)

Several mechanisms of resistance have been identified, including mutations that block the incorporation of nucleosides, a class of HIV drug, into the viral DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Using HIV-1 as a model system, we optimized and validated PANDAA to detect HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs). (nature.com)
However, higher fractions and levels of RNA were found in cells with proviruses containing multiple drug resistance mutations, including those contributing to rebound viremia. (frontiersin.org)
Multiple, linked human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance mutations in treatment-experienced patients are missed by standard genotype analysis. (scienceopen.com)
To investigate the extent to which drug resistance mutations are missed by standard genotyping methods, we analyzed the same plasma samples from 26 patients with suspected multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by using a newly developed single-genome sequencing technique and compared it to standard genotype analysis. (scienceopen.com)
To explain clinical resistance to these anti-malarial drugs, molecular studies have been conducted and have identified mutations on several genes such as the pfcrt gene which encodes a membrane transporter protein located on the parasitic digestive vacuole in P. falciparum [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Further, it is highly mutagenic, with spontaneous mutations occurring in 1 per 100 thousand to 1 per billion new progeny (assume 1 g of feces contains 100 million E. coli ), thus ensuring opportunity for spontaneous mutation even in the absence of stimuli, such as drugs. (vin.com)
In a systematic review of 30 studies from low-income settings in 2011 [ 5 ], 80% and 88% of children failing first-line ART had 1 or more International AIDS Society (IAS)-USA major nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance-associated mutations, respectively. (prolekare.cz)
The evaluation has included a focus on the presence of F13L mutations that might indicate tecovirimat resistance. (cdc.gov)

AMR was highly prevalent among the isolated bacteria, including resistance against fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. (cam.ac.uk)
Nalidixic, Ampicillin and Nitrofurantoin, to a lesser degree resistance to cephalosporins (C3ªG) and ciprofloxacin was evidenced. (bvsalud.org)

Here we report that members of the family, ivermectin, selamectin, and moxidectin, are bactericidal against mycobacterial species, including multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (nih.gov)
Background: Traditionally, patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis are classified as having acquired drug-resistant or primary drug-resistant disease on the basis of a history of previous tuberculosis treatment. (sun.ac.za)
Methods: This descriptive study of 63 patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis assessed the relative contribution of transmission of drug-resistant strains in a high-incidence community of Cape Town, South Africa, by restriction-fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). (sun.ac.za)
Findings: According to RFLP definitions, 52% (33 cases) of drug-resistant tuberculosis was caused by transmission of a drug-resistant strain. (sun.ac.za)
29 cases) than for single-drug-resistant (no cases) tuberculosis. (sun.ac.za)
By the clinical classification, only 18 (29%) patients were classified as having primary drug-resistant tuberculosis (implying transmission). (sun.ac.za)
The pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis has evolved in humans for millennia. (swisstph.ch)
M. tuberculosis can also enter a state of dormancy, during which its reduced metabolic activity makes drugs less active. (swisstph.ch)
This study describes the rate, pattern, and transmission dynamics of, and risk factors for, isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to antituberculosis drugs in a rural South African health district. (edu.au)
So, long way to say that we've been doing this a long time and any infection caused by M. tuberculosis , be it in humans or in animals--elephants, lions, elk, and also in cows, which is caused by related bacteria, M. bovis --we can fingerprint. (cdc.gov)

Isolates from humans showed resistance rates lower than those found in imported meat but higher than in domestic meat. (cdc.gov)
Salmonella isolates from humans and meat were obtained from July 1998 through June 2002. (cdc.gov)
Data on 4,081 Salmonella isolates from humans were included in the study. (cdc.gov)
OBJECTIVES: To assess the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Escherichia coli isolates of faecal samples of animals (n = 40) and food samples (n = 38) obtained in Tunisia in 2006, and to characterize the type of ESBLs, their genetic environments and the associated resistance genes. (who.int)
Its in vitro activity was assessed against 472 gram-positive cocci, largely selected as epidemiologically unrelated isolates with multidrug resistance. (uea.ac.uk)
Exposure to antimicrobials may facilitate survival of isolates that have either spontaneously mutated or acquired resistance through other means. (vin.com)
95% confidence interval [CI] 4.8-11.4) isolates from incident cases were resistant to at least one drug (isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, ethambutol). (edu.au)
CDC was notified of one patient with persistent monkeypox whose viral isolates demonstrated tecovirimat resistance. (cdc.gov)
Isolates from this patient, sequenced by the state laboratory, demonstrated genotypic changes in F13L associated with tecovirimat resistance. (cdc.gov)

In the case of HIV, there have been recognized cases of treatment resistant strains since 1989, with drug resistance being a major contributor to treatment failure. (wikipedia.org)
It is thought that some strains of HIV-1 are naturally resistant to ART drugs, and that the prevalence of these strains varies across the globe. (wikipedia.org)
Fauci says there is a trend in microbial research now to develop catch-all drugs like a universal flu vaccine that would protect against all strains of influenza, and DRACO, with its potential to target and eliminate all types of viral infections. (voanews.com)
Only cases of primary drug resistance are assumed to be due to transmission of drug-resistant strains. (sun.ac.za)
Interpretation: The term acquired drug resistance includes patients infected with strains that truly acquired drug resistance during treatment and patients who were initially infected with or reinfected with a drug-resistant strain. (sun.ac.za)
The clinical term acquired drug resistance should be replaced with the term "drug resistance in previously treated cases", which includes cases with drug resistance due to true acquisition as well as that due to transmitted drug-resistant strains. (sun.ac.za)
July 23, 2019 A study of over 1,000 healthy women with no urinary tract infection symptoms showed nearly 9% carried multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli strains in their guts. (sciencedaily.com)
The organosulfur compounds of garlic exhibit a range of antibacterial properties such as bactericidal, antibiofilm, antitoxin, and anti-quorum sensing activity against a wide range of bacteria including multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. (frontiersin.org)
A total of 668 Salmonella strains isolated in the years 2017, 2018 and 2019 were analyzed from human and food clinical samples, at the Central Public Health Laboratory and / or sent by Laboratories of the Enteropathogens Network. (bvsalud.org)
The 16.9% the strains presented multiple resistance (3 or more antibiotics) with 37 different phenotypes. (bvsalud.org)

The clinical pipeline of the new antibiotics remains dry due to the production of AmpC beta-lactamases by the bacteria to develop resistance against antibiotics. (nih.gov)
The present review mainly focused on the latest updates on RUNX2 in BCSCs and their roles in breast cancer progression and drug resistance, providing insight that may aid the development of RUNX2‑based diagnostics and treatments for breast cancer in clinical practice. (spandidos-publications.com)
Taken together, these studies indicated the involvement of RUNX2 in BCSCs and its roles in breast cancer diagnosis and drug resistance, revealing its promising prospective clinical application and utility as an antitumor drug target in the future. (spandidos-publications.com)
In 2019, a first-in-human clinical trial led by Dr. Shaw began with this combination therapy. (nfcr.org)
Highlights that viral resistance to tecovirimat has been rare, and when documented has occurred with prolonged administration and severe clinical outcomes. (cdc.gov)
Specifically, CDC has been evaluating suspect cases (identified either by F13L sequencing efforts or by suspicion based on clinical course) for phenotypic resistance. (cdc.gov)
In 1996, the Department of Health and Human Services and the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation convened the Panel on Clinical Practices for the Treatment of HIV to develop guidelines for the clinical management of HIV-infected persons. (cdc.gov)
These guidelines were developed by the Panel on Clinical Practices for Treatment of HIV Infection, convened by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. (cdc.gov)
The guidelines contain recommendations for the clinical use of antiretroviral agents in the treatment of adults and adolescents (defined in Considerations for Antiretroviral Therapy in the HIV-Infected Adolescent) who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
The target of this work was to generate information on circulating serotypes, antibiotic resistance and the presence of simultaneous resistance to multiple drugs in Salmonella from human clinical samples and food samples in the period from 2017 to 2019. (bvsalud.org)

Escherichia coli is a so-called gram negative bacterium, commonly found in the intestine of humans and other mammals. (sciencedaily.com)
Escherichia coli rapidly develops resistance, particularly that associated with multiple drug resistance (MDR) when exposed to selected antimicrobials. (vin.com)

Anthony Fauci, director of the U.S. Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, agrees that DRACO could potentially work against the human immunodeficiency virus. (voanews.com)
Deciphering human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission and early envelope diversification by single-genome amplification and sequencing. (scienceopen.com)
Accurate identification of the transmitted virus and sequences evolving from it could be instrumental in elucidating the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and in developing vaccines, drugs, or microbicides to prevent infection. (scienceopen.com)
Age, sex, known human immunodeficiency virus status, and previous treatment history were not associated with drug resistance. (edu.au)
Sociodemographic, Ecological, and Spatiotemporal Factors Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance in Florida: A Retrospective Analysis. (cdc.gov)
Лікування Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results from 1 of 2 similar retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) that destroy CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity, increasing risk of certain. (msdmanuals.com)
in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection. (msdmanuals.com)
The treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has changed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from a terminal illness to a chronic, managable disease with a life expectancy approaching that of the general population. (medscape.com)

As malaria parasites develop resistance to existing drugs, researchers have been looking for new treatments. (popsci.com)
A broad spectrum antiviral drug that works against HIV could be especially useful since some people can develop resistance to anti-retroviral drugs. (voanews.com)
These therapies have dramatically improved the outlook for patients, but, eventually, almost all patients will develop resistance. (nfcr.org)
Thus, genes for resistance develop along with genes directing antibiotic production and organisms are "primed" to develop resistance. (vin.com)
However, they are becoming less effective as bacteria develop resistance against them. (lu.se)

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized the development of antibiotic resistance as a global health concern and emphasizes antibiotic stewardship along with the urgent need to develop novel antibiotics. (frontiersin.org)
There is a great demand for completely new types of antibiotics and means to minimize the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance. (lu.se)

Primary resistance is acquired when an individual's initial infection with HIV comes from an already resistant strain. (wikipedia.org)
Imported meat is therefore an important potential source of human infection with drug-resistant Salmonella spp. (cdc.gov)
Improved control reduces both mortality and the size of the human reservoir of infection, thereby contributing to conditions favourable to disease elimination. (who.int)
Early in infection when symptoms are few yet treatment has the greatest chance of success, patients are usually unaware of their infection, which remains undetected, especially as health services are usually poorly staffed and equipped or non-existent in the remote rural areas where human contact with the vector is greatest. (who.int)
Hookworm infection is acquired through skin exposure to larvae in soil contaminated by human feces. (medscape.com)
In an analysis based on the ARROW trial, Alex Szubert and colleagues report on virological and drug resistance outcomes in children with HIV infection. (prolekare.cz)
Many patients living with HIV infection are taking complex regimens involving multiple pills. (msdmanuals.com)
Malaria is a serious infection and requires treatment with multiple medicines. (who.int)
It is important to obtain testing for drug resistance and hepatitis co-infection before intitiation of ART, as these results can impact choice of regimen. (medscape.com)

More severe animal disease outbreaks caused by drug-resistant pathogens leads to higher mortality rates and decreased agricultural productivity. (www.csiro.au)
Salmonella enterica is a foodborne pathogen and etiological agent of food outbreaks with a great impact on human health. (bvsalud.org)

Fatality rates are higher for patients with infections caused by drug-resistant Salmonella spp. (cdc.gov)
Human salmonellosis is a notifiable disease in Denmark, and all human Salmonella spp. (cdc.gov)
Resistencia a múltiples antibióticos en serovariedades de Salmonella aisladas de muestra. (bvsalud.org)
Salmonella enterica es un patógeno transmitido por alimentos y agente etiológico de brotes alimentarios de gran impacto en la salud humana. (bvsalud.org)
El objetivo de este trabajo fue generar información sobre los serotipos circulantes, resistencia a los antibióticos y presencia de resistencia simultánea a múltiples fármacos en Salmonella provenientes de muestras clínicas humanas y muestras de alimentos en el periodo desde 2017 a 2019. (bvsalud.org)
Fueron analizadas un total de 668 cepas de Salmonella aisladas en los años 2017, 2018 y 2019 a partir de muestras clínicas humanas y de alimentos, en el Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública y/o remitidas por Laboratorios de la Red de Enteropatógenos. (bvsalud.org)

Taking antibiotics too often or for the wrong reasons increases the chance of these drugs becoming ineffective. (www.csiro.au)
One particular strain, highlighted by Indian researchers in the International Journal of Bioinformatics Research and Applications , O104:H4, causes serious complications and has developed significant multiple-drug resistance to antibiotics. (sciencedaily.com)
Similarly, even though TB drug development is progressing after decades of neglect, multiple combined antibiotics have to be administered for many months to successfully cure TB. (swisstph.ch)
Multiple antibacterial effects of organosulfur compounds provide an excellent framework to develop them into novel antibiotics. (frontiersin.org)
Antibiotics were once regarded as miracle drugs. (lu.se)
The increasing occurrence of micro-organisms that are resistant to multiple antibiotics constitutes a serious threat to human health. (lu.se)

The life cycle of hookworms begins with the passing of hookworm eggs in human feces and their deposition into the soil. (medscape.com)

Kato, Comer and colleagues screened more than 100,000 molecules against a strain of Plasmodium falciparum , the most lethal malaria-causing parasite in humans. (popsci.com)
A treatment for malaria that works in a single dose is especially appealing because it could be easier and cheaper to use than drugs that people must take repeatedly. (popsci.com)
Further studies are needed for continuous monitoring of the CQ resistance level for its prospective re-use in malaria management. (biomedcentral.com)
The absence of the AQ resistance marker is in line with the use of this drug in the current DRC malaria treatment policy. (biomedcentral.com)
Plasmodium falciparum , which is the most common and deadly Plasmodium species in sub-Saharan Africa, has developed resistance mechanisms to almost all existing anti-malarial drugs with a significant impact on malaria control. (biomedcentral.com)
Drugs active against Plasmodium falciparum also are active against the other three malaria species that affect humans- P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale- with the exception of antifols, which work poorly against P. vivax . (nationalacademies.org)
The long lifespan and strong human-biting habit of the Anopheles species that carry malaria are the main reasons for the high incidence of malaria in Africa. (who.int)

Cell adhesion to fibronectin down-regulates the expression of Spy1 and contributes to drug resistance in multiple myeloma cells. (antikoerper-online.de)
Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the apoptotic effect of 6-OAP against human myeloma cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

Because each stage of the malarial life cycle exhibits distinct biochemical and other characteristics (i.e., it expresses different proteins or locates in different sites within the body), a drug may kill one stage but have little effect on another. (nationalacademies.org)
Sequence alignment and analysis of orthologous proteins to human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (huBPI). (elifesciences.org)
B ) Sequence identities of investigated orthologous proteins without signal peptide in comparison to scorpionfish BPI (scoBPI) and human BPI (huBPI). (elifesciences.org)
Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (BPI-ANCA) from people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) do not recognize orthologous proteins of human BPI (huBPI). (elifesciences.org)

AMR is one of humanity's greatest threats: due to overexposure, bacteria and other disease-causing microbes are developing resistance to the drugs designed to kill them. (www.csiro.au)
Food may become contaminated with drug-resistant bacteria at any stage, from the farm to fork. (www.csiro.au)
The antibacterial activity against various pathogenic and drug-resistant bacteria was tested using crude garlic extracts, garlic powder (GP), garlic extracts using various solvents, GO, and phytochemicals isolated from garlic. (frontiersin.org)

6-OAP induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells, as detected by DNA fragmentation assay. (spandidos-publications.com)
In general, genes involved in stress response, cell cycle control, drug metabolism, apoptosis and growth were differentially expressed in response to Cr(VI) exposure. (cdc.gov)

Most antimalarial drugs target this blood stage of the parasites' lifecycle, which is also when symptoms appear. (popsci.com)
This chapter describes antimalarial drugs currently in use, with an emphasis on the artemisinins. (nationalacademies.org)
It also reviews the way drug resistance develops and spreads, methods used to assess the presence and level of drug resistance, and the extent to which chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP)-the two most widely used antimalarial drugs in the world today-have now lost efficacy. (nationalacademies.org)
In addition to first- and second-line antimalarial drug treatments, adjunctive and supportive care measures (e.g., intravenous fluids, blood transfusions, supplemental oxygen, antiseizure medications) may be needed for severe manifestations. (nationalacademies.org)
In other words, in each life-cycle stage the parasite manifests unique biological properties that can offer a target for the action of one or more antimalarial drugs. (nationalacademies.org)
they are recommended only in combination with other antimalarial drugs. (nationalacademies.org)
the Strategy to respond to antimalarial drug resistance in Africa aims to improve detection, delay emergence, and limit selection and spread of resistant parasites. (who.int)

Prevalence of CQ resistance marker was unequally distributed across the country, ranging from 1.5% in Fungurume to 89.5% in Katana. (biomedcentral.com)

This often leads to severe side effects, and because resistance to some of the newer drugs is already emerging, we need better regimens. (swisstph.ch)
The only large randomised trial to date of second-line ART in African adults found that those receiving NRTI-based second-line regimens had equivalent virological suppression to those receiving regimens based on 2 new drug classes [ 7 ], suggesting that NRTI cross-resistance may have less relevance than feared. (prolekare.cz)
We therefore investigated virological outcomes and resistance in the ARROW randomised trial (ISRCTN24791884), which compared first-line ART regimens and CD4 monitoring strategies in children and adolescents in Uganda and Zimbabwe [ 8 ]. (prolekare.cz)

If treatment fails, drug susceptibility (resistance) assays can determine the susceptibility of the dominant HIV strain to all available drugs. (msdmanuals.com)

State‑of‑the‑art research has indicated the retention of RUNX2 expression in a more invasive subtype of breast cancer, and in particular, triple‑negative breast cancer development and drug resistance are associated with estrogen receptor signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
Arrayit Pathways™ Focused Human Genome Microarrays enable targeted gene expression analysis of every major cellular pathway in the human body. (arrayit.com)
P13 - AKT Signaling Pathways™ Focused Human Genome Microarrays contain 89 long-mer capture agents for 89 genes involved in the human P13 - AKT signaling pathway, printed on 25 x 76 mm glass substrate slides, 10 microarrays per kit. (arrayit.com)
Arrayit uses the highest quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) measures to ensure the quality of our ArrayIt® Pathways Human DNA Microarrays. (arrayit.com)
Arrayit Pathways™ Focused Microarrays represent the most advanced human DNA microarrays in the industry. (arrayit.com)
The results of our preliminary study demonstrated that 6-OAP inhibits the proliferation of human MM cells by inducing the arrest of mitosis and inhibiting specific key pathways ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa L), has proven to be a modulator of multiple intercellular signalling pathways linked to inflammation, to proliferation, growth, invasion, drug sensitivity, angiogenesis and metastasis of cancer cells. (researchgate.net)

Resistance of GBM cell lines and primary cells to drugs and signaling inhibitors was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. (uni-koeln.de)
Integrase inhibitors prevent HIV DNA from being integrated into human DNA. (msdmanuals.com)
Although more than 25 antiretroviral medications are available from 6 major classes, an ART regimen for treatment-naive patients generally consists of 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in combination with a third active ART drug from 1 of 3 drug classes: an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), or a protease inhibitor (PI) with a pharmacologic enhancer (ie, cobicistat or ritonavir). (medscape.com)

Such knowledge is valuable for professional work in many different areas such as environmental biology, human and veterinary medicine, pharmacology, biotechnology and national and international politics. (lu.se)

Thioredoxin (Trx) overexpression is known to be a cause of chemotherapy resistance in various tumor entities. (uni-koeln.de)
Multidrug resistance is a major barrier against successful chemotherapy, and this has been shown in vitro to be often caused by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. (gla.ac.uk)

Multi-drug resistance and its transmission is a ubiquitous health issue worldwide. (nih.gov)
This ABC full-transporter is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. (nih.gov)

Adamantane resistance is associated with a single amino acid change (S31N) in the M2 protein, which was shown to rapidly disseminate globally in 2005 in association with a genome reassortment event. (jcvi.org)
Furthermore, experimental data have highlighted a relatively low barrier to resistance, with single amino acid substitutions at various locations in the F13L gene coding VP37 conferring substantial reductions in tecovirimat's antiviral activity. (cdc.gov)

Plasma samples were obtained from patients with prior exposure to at least two antiretroviral drug classes and who were on a failing antiretroviral regimen. (scienceopen.com)
While naturally circulating tecovirimat-resistant monkeypox viruses have not been observed, previous cell culture experiments performed during drug development and independent studies performed prior to the current outbreak have demonstrated induction of resistance following tecovirimat exposure. (cdc.gov)
Chromium containing compounds are extensively used in various applications resulting in significant human exposure. (cdc.gov)

In human medicine, E. coli has developed resistance to the fluorinated quinolones, beta-lactams, or both: it is among the gram-negative organisms that secrete extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). (vin.com)
Emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) is an example of the relentless adaptive nature of microbes toward designer drugs intended to preclude the advent of resistance. (vin.com)

Human African trypanosomiasis, which occurs uniquely in sub-Saharan Africa, constitutes a major public health problem because of its epidemic potential and its 100% fatality rate in untreated cases. (who.int)
in some parts of central Africa, as many as 30% of patients show resistance to melarsoprol, the only drug available to treat the advanced stage of T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense disease. (who.int)
In 2012, WHO reported that 60% and 67% of adults and children in sub-Saharan Africa failing first-line ART at 12 months had NRTI and NNRTI resistance, respectively [ 6 ]. (prolekare.cz)
The second was to characterise the patterns of long-term virological control and resistance in children receiving first-line ART in sub-Saharan Africa without frequent, regular real-time VL monitoring (reflecting the reality in most ART programmes) in an observational analysis without regard to the trial randomisations. (prolekare.cz)

Because disease-related complications can occur in untreated patients with high CD4 counts and because less toxic drugs have been developed, treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) is now recommended for all patients. (msdmanuals.com)
In the setting of transmitted drug resistance, the choice of antiretroviral therapy should be tailored according the the results of resistance (typically genotype) testing. (medscape.com)

These drugs showed little effect on solid tumors but significantly decreased disease progression in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) 6,7 . (cytoskeleton.com)

More disconcerting, resistance is easily conferred to more pathogenic organisms. (vin.com)

The amino acid sequence mediating the bactericidal activity of human BPI (huBPI) is underlined. (elifesciences.org)

Despite the recent advances in the detection, treatment and management of breast cancer, with an increasing range of hormonal, cytotoxic and more recently MAb targeted drug regimes available in the clinic, between 40% and 50% o f patients diagnosed will eventually die from this disease. (dcu.ie)
The exact significance of this expression and the contribution, if any, of MDR-3 Pgp in the resistance of breast cancer or other solid cancers further investigation. (dcu.ie)
In an attempt to identify new breast cancer drug resistance associated antigens, MAb 5C3 was generated using paraffin wax embedded formalin fixed archival breast tumour tissue from a biopsy showing no P-170 or MRP-1 expression, as an immunogen. (dcu.ie)
The expression o f this novel complex in human breast cancer should be further investigated to address any possible prognostic implications. (dcu.ie)
The recurrence and drug resistance of breast cancer are intractable due to the presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which are adequate to initiate tumor formation and refractory to conventional remedies. (spandidos-publications.com)
The cyclin-like protein Spy1/RINGO promotes mammary transformation and is elevated in human breast cancer. (antikoerper-online.de)

Our mission is to perform basic and translational biomedical research with an aim to better understand the underlying cause of human infectious diseases and cancer, and to develop future human medicines, medical devices and diagnostics. (imtm.cz)
Human African trypanosomiasis is one of the few infectious diseases where proactive systematic population screening is essential for control, especially for the form due to T. b. gambiense with its long, almost asymptomatic initial stage. (who.int)
Since then, multiple other new human infectious diseases have been identified (e.g. (kff.org)

Resistance to the adamantane class of antiviral drugs by human A/H3N2 influenza viruses currently exceeds 90% in the United States and multiple Asian countries. (jcvi.org)

In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the dermal toxicity of chromium , differential gene expression profiles of human skin fibroblasts exposed to a cytotoxic concentration of hexavalent potassium dichromate [Cr(VI)] were studied. (cdc.gov)

Skin fibroblasts were exposed to 5 uM Cr(VI) for time intervals up to 24- hr and their differential gene expression profile was studied using the Toxicology and Drug Resistance Microarray (Super Array Inc.). Of the 280 genes represented on the array, the expression levels of 32 genes were found to be differentially affected in the fibroblasts exposed to Cr(VI). (cdc.gov)

Even though developed for AML patients, our pan-cancer analyses demonstrate a wider application of the IPRP signature for prognostic prediction and analysis of tumor-immune interplay also in multiple solid tumors. (nature.com)

If the NRTI abacavir (ABC) is considered as part of treatment, HLA-B*5701 must be obtained and ABC only prescribed if the patient is negative for this haplotype, as persons who are positive are at risk for a potentially serious hypersensitivity reaction to the drug. (medscape.com)

The two main types of resistance, primary and induced, differ mostly in causation, with the biggest cause of resistance being a lack of adherence to the specific details of treatment. (wikipedia.org)
A blood test can be done to determine which drugs may be effective prior to initiation of treatment or during treatment to ensure resistance has not developed. (wikipedia.org)
An individual infected by a resistant strain begins their course of treatment with already limited drug options, which can pose problems later down the line if they develop additional resistance. (wikipedia.org)
This report outlines features of the disease that are important for control and describes activities in the areas of screening, diagnosis, treatment and the search for better drugs. (who.int)
Immunohistochemical analysis with this novel MAb of pre and post treatment tumours however, did not reveal any apparent association with resistance for the antigen recognised by antibody 5C3. (dcu.ie)
This is due to many TB patients - previously on treatment - not taking their drugs anymore. (swisstph.ch)
This phenomenon is known as drug tolerance and explains why the treatment for TB takes many months, sometimes even years . (swisstph.ch)
Previous treatment history was probably not a risk factor because of the use of multiple drug regimes, directly observed therapy, and the high completion rates in those previously treated. (edu.au)
Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom other treatment options are inadequate. (medscape.com)

In resolution WHA56.7, on the Pan African tsetse and trypanosomiasis eradication campaign, the Health Assembly called attention to the severe health problems caused by human African trypanosomiasis and the significant impairment of socioeconomic development that has followed the resurgence of the disease in both human beings and livestock. (who.int)
Five species account for almost all human infections, with P falciparum being the most severe. (who.int)

This paper reviews the research progress of microsphere-based scaffolds in bone/chondral tissue engineering, briefly introduces types of microspheres made from polymer, inorganic and composite materials, discusses the preparation methods of microspheres and the exploration of suitable microsphere pore size in bone and cartilage tissue engineering, and finally details the application of microsphere-based scaffolds in biomimetic scaffolds, cell proliferation and drug delivery systems. (bvsalud.org)

It is the predominant facultative anaerobe (in the normal intestine of both humans and many warm-blooded animals), playing a major role as normal microflora. (vin.com)

Therefore, development of resistance to one medication in a class precludes the use of all other medications in the same class. (wikipedia.org)
The gastrointestinal environment is conducive to development of resistance. (vin.com)

2. Molecular epidemiology of HCV among injection drug users in Iran by phylogenetic analysis. (who.int)

6‑O‑angeloylplenolin (6‑OAP) is a sesquiterpene lactone agent that has been previously demonstrated to inhibit the growth of multiple myeloma (MM) cells through mitotic arrest with accumulated cyclin B1. (spandidos-publications.com)

HIV drug resistance poses an issue because it reduces the possible HIV medications a person can take due to cross resistance. (wikipedia.org)

observing greater resistance to Tetracycline, Ác. (bvsalud.org)

Dr. Alice Shaw's research aims to provide viable treatments for lung cancer patients whose tumors have become resistant to their current drug therapy. (nfcr.org)

They focused on compounds that would be effective against multiple life stages of P. falciparum , and found three clusters that attacked the parasite in similar ways to drugs currently in use. (popsci.com)
Overall, the frequency of the P. falciparum CQ resistance marker has decreased significantly and no resistance marker to AQ was detected in the DRC in 2017. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy7

Organisms21

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs104

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Phenomena and Processes76

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care7

Geographicals4

Bacterial5

Antimicrobial29

Mutations9

Cephalosporins2

Tuberculosis10

Isolates9

Strains10

Clinical10

Escherichia2

Immunodeficiency8

Develop resistance5

Antibiotic2

Infection9

Outbreaks2

Salmonella6

Antibiotics6

Feces1

Malaria7

Myeloma cells2

Proteins4

Bacteria3

APOPTOSIS2

Antimalarial7

Prevalence1

Regimens3

Susceptibility1

Pathways7

Inhibitors3

Pharmacology1

Chemotherapy2

Multi-drug Resis2

Single amino acid2

Exposure3

Beta-lactamases2

Africa4

Antiretroviral therapy2

Progression1

Pathogenic1

Amino acid1

Breast Cancer6

Infectious3

Antiviral1

Mechanisms1

Microarray1

Solid tumors1

NRTI1

Treatment9

Severe2

METHODS1

Intestine1

Development of resistance2

Molecular1

Inhibit1

Poses1

Tetracycline1

Tumors1

Falciparum2