• The former results in a chromosomal abnormality featured in all cells of the offspring, as in translocation carriers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Often, however, the combination of clinical features is not diagnostic of a particular syndrome but may nevertheless still suggest that a chromosomal imbalance is the likely underlying cause of the abnormality. (bmj.com)
  • It is estimated that between 50 to 80 per cent of embryos created for IVF have a chromosomal abnormality and typically do not develop into a pregnancy, instead resulting in miscarriage. (ogpnews.com)
  • or a chromosomal abnormality (particularly when the woman is 35 or older). (msdmanuals.com)
  • For some couples, the risks outweigh the benefits of knowing whether their baby has a chromosomal abnormality, so they choose not to be tested. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The assay is specific for the individual human globin genes and will detect the presence of a globin gene if the relevant chromosome is present in only 10% of the cells of a hybrid population. (eurekamag.com)
  • On the basis of these results, the human beta and gamma globin genes have been assigned to human chromosome 11. (eurekamag.com)
  • Even if all genes remain intact after a chromosomal break, serious problems may occur. (mpg.de)
  • The team examined clinical samples from blood, skin and amniotic fluid of nine patients with chromosomal breaks but without damage to known genes. (mpg.de)
  • Most importantly, by looking at a single-cell level, the researchers were able to correlate the chromosomal make-up of an embryo to a subset of 12 genes that are activated prior to the first cell division. (ogpnews.com)
  • These genes likely came from the gametes - the eggs or sperm - and can be used to predict whether an embryo is chromosomally normal or abnormal at the earliest stage of human development. (ogpnews.com)
  • There is an increased risk of celiac disease if someone has certain forms of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 genes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The MAGE genes are arranged in two groups that are located within two different regions of the human X chromosome (Xq26-qter and Xp21.3). (unamur.be)
  • Since this region is syntenic to the human Xp21.1-p22.1 region, we conclude that Smage1 and Smage2 are homologous to the MAGE-Xp rather than to the MAGE-Xq genes. (unamur.be)
  • Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)
  • The MAGEA genes are clustered at chromosomal location Xq28. (nih.gov)
  • As a scientist she has been involved in mapping the human genome and identifying genes and mutations, which give rise to heritable disorders. (bepress.com)
  • The interaction of genes with each other and with environmental factors underlies many aspects of human health and disease. (who.int)
  • The researchers applied a method called 'Hi-C' (High-throughput Chromosome Conformation Capture) to samples from patients with developmental disorders suspected to be caused by chromosomal rearrangements. (mpg.de)
  • Chromosomal rearrangements may alter these interaction patterns and can thus be seen in the analysis. (mpg.de)
  • In culture, cells from affected individuals exhibit elevated rates of chromosomal breakage or instability, leading to chromosomal rearrangements. (medscape.com)
  • A customized sequencing and interpretation pipeline was developed to identify chromosomal rearrangements and deletions/duplications with confirmation by fluorescence in situ hybridization, chromosomal microarray analysis, and PCR studies. (ku.dk)
  • FISH probes designed to detect subtelomeric rearrangements have given a significant diagnostic yield of around 6% in patients with unexplained learning disability and dysmorphic features, 1- 3 but interstitial chromosomal deletions and duplications are not detectable using this method. (bmj.com)
  • Mosaic) aneuploidies and chromosomal rearrangements are a frequent cause of idiopathic MCA/MR. Starting in 1959 with the identification of trisomy-21 as the genetic basis of Down syndrome [ 10 ], microscopic observation of metaphase chromosomes has for several decades been the method of choice for detecting chromosome abnormalities in MCA/MR patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Heterozygotes for major chromosomal rearrangements such as fusions and fissions are expected to display a high level of sterility due to problems during meiosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, some species, especially plants and animals with holocentric chromosomes, are known to tolerate chromosomal heterozygosity even for multiple rearrangements. (frontiersin.org)
  • They frequently are sites of chromosomal rearrangements in cancer and of viral integration. (psu.edu)
  • Although aberrant V(D)J integration and class switch recombination can both give rise to chromosomal translocations, a role for somatic hypermutation in such genomic rearrangements has been suggested but is less clearly established. (lu.se)
  • To characterize the types of by-products of somatic hypermutation, we analyzed aberrant rearrangements involving the immunoglobulin loci in a human B-cell line (Ramos) that performs Ig V gene hypermutation constitutively during culture. (lu.se)
  • We have successfully used a DNA.cDNA molecular hybridization assay to directly determine the presence or absence of human beta globin gene sequences in 20 human-mouse somatic cell hybrids, each of which contained a different subset of human chromosomes. (eurekamag.com)
  • The content of human chromosomes in each hybrid clone was characterized by Giemsa 11 staining, Giemsa trypsin-Hoechst 33258 staining, and by the use of 22 independent isozyme markers for 17 different human chromosomes. (eurekamag.com)
  • All human chromosomes were present in one or more cell lines devoid of the human beta globin gene except for 6, 8, 9, 11, and 13. (eurekamag.com)
  • Among these latter chromosomes, only chromosome 11 was present in the six hybrid clones that contained the human beta globin gene. (eurekamag.com)
  • Two sister clones, 157-BNPT-1 and 157-BNPT-4, had similar subsets of human chromosomes except that 11 was present only in 157-BNPT-4. (eurekamag.com)
  • The resulting karyotype in humans leaves only 45 chromosomes, since two chromosomes have fused together. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most common translocation in humans involves chromosomes 13 and 14 and is seen in about 0.97 / 1000 newborns. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chromosomal translocations between the sex chromosomes can also result in a number of genetic conditions, such as XX male syndrome: caused by a translocation of the SRY gene from the Y to the X chromosome The International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN) is used to denote a translocation between chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The classical analysis of chromosomal defects is done by a karyogram, which is a microscopic view of stained chromosomes. (mpg.de)
  • Humans normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell, divided into 23 pairs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The organizational properties and chromosomal distribution of these NYS 3.4-kb Hae III homologs seem inconsistent with stochastic mechanisms of sequence diffusion between chromosomes. (nova.edu)
  • Furthermore, we found that this parameter could be used to select the most optimal preembryo for embryo transfer after ICSI.Early cleavage stage: Cleavage stage preembryos with cells of uneven size versus even size were compared in regard to pregnancy/implantation rates as well as the occurrence of chromosomal aberrations. (gu.se)
  • In summary, low-pass GS identified underlying chromosomal aberrations in 1 in 9 RM-affected couples, enabling identification of a subgroup of couples with increased risk of subsequent miscarriage who would benefit from a personalized intervention. (ku.dk)
  • They underlie genetic disease in roughly 15% of patients with multiple congenital abnormalities and/or mental retardation (MCA/MR). In genetic diagnostics, the pathogenicity of chromosomal aberrations in these patients is typically assessed based on criteria such as phenotypic similarity to other patients with the same or overlapping aberration, absence in healthy individuals, de novo occurrence, and protein coding gene content. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In spite of the clear association between large ( de novo ) CNVs and other SVs (collectively known as chromosomal aberrations) with MCA/MR phenotypes [ 9 ], precise characterization of molecular mechanisms that cause disease in individual patients is often unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the following sections we first provide an overview of current methods for diagnostic detection and interpretation of chromosomal aberrations in MCA/MR patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Subsequently, the introduction and relevance of new methods for high-resolution dissection of breakpoints of chromosomal aberrations is discussed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Do Peripheral Lymphocytic Chromosomal Aberrations in Dogs with Lymphoma Change During and After Treatment? (vin.com)
  • Chromosomal aberrations from tumor biopsy samples have been studied, and certain repetitive anomalies were shown to correlate with prognosis. (vin.com)
  • We have determined that chromosomal aberrations can be identified in the peripheral blood of canine lymphoma patients. (vin.com)
  • Relevant of mutagenicity and clastogenici- angiosarcomas of the liver, which carcinogens discussed in this chap- ty, including the induction of sister are rare tumours, were identified in ter do not include pharmaceutical chromatid exchange (SCE), chro- humans, rats, and mice exposed to drugs classified in Group 1, which mosomal aberrations (CA), and mi- vinyl chloride. (who.int)
  • A persistent high frequency of these errors (chromosomal instability (CIN)) is predicted to profoundly impact tumor evolution and therapy response. (nature.com)
  • A genome-wide analysis of common fragile sites: What features determine chromosomal instability in the human genome? (psu.edu)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'A genome-wide analysis of common fragile sites: What features determine chromosomal instability in the human genome? (psu.edu)
  • However, carriers of balanced reciprocal translocations may create gametes with unbalanced chromosome translocations during meiotic chromosomal segregation. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is important to distinguish between chromosomal translocations that occur in germ cells, due to errors in meiosis (i.e. during gametogenesis), and those that occur in somatic cells, due to errors in mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Low-pass GS revealed additional chromosomal abnormalities in 50 (4.0%) couples, including eight with balanced translocations and 42 inversions. (ku.dk)
  • Chromosomal localization of human cellular homologues of two viral oncogenes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Genome sequencing (GS) is an enhanced and novel cytogenetic tool to define the contribution of chromosomal abnormalities in human diseases. (ku.dk)
  • Chromosomal abnormalities in human embryos created for in vitro fertilisation (IVF), can be predicted within the first 30 hours of development according to recent research published in Nature Communications . (ogpnews.com)
  • Asbestos-Induced Mesothelioma and Chromosomal Abnormalities in Human Mesothelial Cells In Vitro. (cdc.gov)
  • Chromosome segregation errors cause aneuploidy and genomic heterogeneity, which are hallmarks of cancer in humans. (nature.com)
  • Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from a panel of mouse-human somatic cell hybrids showed that the human gene for D2H resides on chromosome 2. (jci.org)
  • We have isolated cDNA and genomic clones coding for the human α 7 neuronal nicotinic receptor subunit, the major component of brain nicotinic receptors that are blocked by α-bungarotoxin. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The complete gene for human fatty acid ethyl ester Synthase-III (FAEES-III) was isolated from a human genomic lambda phage library for functional and structural determination. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The gene for FAEES-III was localized to human chromosome 11 by hybridizing the genomic fragment Xh01 to Chinese hamster/human somatic cell hybrid panels. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Chromosomal common fragile sites (CFSs) are unstable genomic regions that break under replication stress and are involved in structural variation. (psu.edu)
  • Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of a member of the MAP kinase phosphatase gene family to human chromosome 11p15.5 and a pseudogene to 10q11.2. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The human Y chromosome contains a group of repeated DNA elements, identified as 3.4-kilobase pair (kb) fragments in Hae III digests of male genomic DNA, which contain both Y-specific and non-Y-specific sequences. (nova.edu)
  • 4, 5 Its sensitivity has been refined to permit detection of chromosomal deletions as small as 3 Mb. (bmj.com)
  • The results revealed that in the irradiated group there was a marked increase in aneuploidy, polyploidy, endoreduplication and structural chromosomal damage. (dtic.mil)
  • We now report the structural characterization and chromosomal localization of the HNMT gene, HNMT, in humans. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Structural characterization of HNMT represents an important step toward determination of the molecular basis of the pharmacogenetic regulation for this important enzyme in humans. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 2015) Prediction model for aneuploidy in early human embryo development revealed by single-cell analysis. (ogpnews.com)
  • A team of researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin led by human geneticists Malte Spielmann and Stefan Mundlos analyzed clinical samples from patients with genetic developmental disorders with the Hi-C method. (mpg.de)
  • As the team led by human geneticists Stefan Mundlos and Malte Spielmann describe in the current issue of The American Journal of Human Genetics , a method from basic research could improve clinical diagnostics considerably at some point in the future. (mpg.de)
  • A major challenge for human genetics is to identify new causes of mental retardation, which, although present in about 3% of individuals, is unexplained in more than half of all cases. (nih.gov)
  • This finding is highly important, because failure to generate a crossover between homologs leads to chromosome missegregation and can cause human chromosomal birth defects such as Down syndrome, which affects about one in 800 newborns in the United States," said Yu. (medindia.net)
  • In normal conventional meiosis, the first meiotic division is reductional, resulting in segregation of chromosomal homologs, whereas the second meiotic division is equational, resulting in separation of sister chromatids. (frontiersin.org)
  • Organization and Chromosomal Specificity of Autosomal Homologs of Huma" by Robert D. Burk, Paul Szabo et al. (nova.edu)
  • We have used these 3.4-kb Hae III Y fragments to explore the organizational properties and chromosomal distribution of the autosomal homologs of the non-Y-specific (NYS) 3.4-kb Hae III Y elements. (nova.edu)
  • In order to evaluate the role of this protein in human inherited diseases such as cystinuria, we have isolated a human D2 clone (D2H) by low stringency screening of a human kidney cDNA library using the radiolabeled D2 insert as a probe. (jci.org)
  • A cell biologist at The Florida State University has found that the absence of a gene called Pds5, could lead to a number of chromosomal birth defects like Down syndrome. (medindia.net)
  • most practicing physicians may never see a patient with a chromosomal breakage syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • In consecutive, unselected MCA/MR patients karyotyping enables the detection of pathogenic chromosomal abnormalities in about 4% of cases (excluding Down syndrome), despite its limited resolution to about 5-10 Mb. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Down syndrome is a chromosomal condition that is associated with intellectual disability, a characteristic facial appearance, and weak muscle tone (hypotonia) in infancy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The study sheds new light on the protein Pds5, its crucial regulatory role during meiosis, and the impact of its absence on the molecular-level genesis of human chromosomal birth defects that include Down, Edwards, Patau, Turner, Klinefelter's and XYY syndromes. (medindia.net)
  • To examine the prevalence of chromosomal defects and outcome of fetuses with megacystis at 10-14 weeks of gestation. (nih.gov)
  • Chromosomal defects, mainly trisomies 13 and 18, were present in 30 cases. (nih.gov)
  • 15 mm the risk of chromosomal defects is about 10% and in the chromosomally normal group the condition is invariably associated with progressive obstructive uropathy. (nih.gov)
  • Although many people are aware that chromosomal damage and shortening contribute to the aging process, understanding how chromosomal defects occur is about more than just finding a way to turn back the clock. (phys.org)
  • but many of these morphological chromosomal changes (i.e. despiralization and breaks) persisted in the lymphocytes of a significant proportion of patients for variable periods up to 6-12 months after haematological remission resulting from therapy with the deficient vitamins. (karger.com)
  • Constitutional chromosomal imbalance is often associated with learning disability, dysmorphism, congenital anomalies, and abnormalities of growth. (bmj.com)
  • DECIPHER Database of Chromosomal Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans using Ensembl Resources. (bvsalud.org)
  • Also, aCFSs have high fragility when colocated with evolutionarily conserved chromosomal breakpoints. (psu.edu)
  • Southern blot analysis demonstrated a single copy of the ob gene in the human genome. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In 2000, researchers working on the Human Genome Project announced that they had determined the sequence of base pairs that make up this chromosome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The accumulation of mutations in the human genome is at the origin of cancers, as well as the development of resistance to treatments. (phys.org)
  • Here, we studied male meiotic chromosome behavior in four hybrid generations (F1-F4) between two chromosomal races of the Wood White butterfly Leptidea sinapis differentiated by at least 24 chromosomal fusions/fissions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cloning and chromosomal localization of a human kidney cDNA involved in cystine, dibasic, and neutral amino acid transport. (jci.org)
  • We previously cloned a human kidney HNMT cDNA as a step toward understanding the molecular basis for this polymorphism. (elsevierpure.com)
  • A study led by scientists at the UAB and conducted with mice models reveals how chromosomal reorganizations alter the genome's three-dimensional organization in germ cells. (phys.org)
  • Studies on in vitro fertilised human preembryos. (gu.se)
  • 2-Nitrotoluene was genotoxic in a range of in vitro and in vivo assays, was notably clastogenic in human peripheral lymphocytes and formed DNA adducts in exposed rodents. (gc.ca)
  • We argue that the observed process of chromosome sorting would, if continued, result in a new homozygous chromosomal race, i.e., in a new karyotype with intermediate chromosome number and, possibly, in a new incipient homoploid hybrid species. (frontiersin.org)
  • We also discuss the segregational model of karyotype evolution and the chromosomal model of homoploid hybrid speciation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Previous work showed that these hybrids were fertile, although their fertility was reduced as compared to crosses within chromosomal races. (frontiersin.org)
  • raising questions about additional mechanisms that may rescue fertility in chromosomal hybrids. (frontiersin.org)
  • Even a single heterozygous chromosomal rearrangement, such as a reciprocal translocation or chromosomal fusion, is expected to result in 50% reduction of fertility ( King, 1993 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • At least 6% of unexplained mental retardation is accounted for by these relatively small chromosomal abnormalities, which will be an important resource in the characterization of the genetic basis of neurodevelopment. (nih.gov)
  • We report here the isolation and characterization of the human ob gene. (elsevierpure.com)
  • By the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique, the ob gene was assigned to human chromosome 7q31.3. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Here, we characterize SpCas9 targeting specificity in human cells to inform the selection of target sites and avoid off-target effects. (cdc.gov)
  • Chromosomal breakage syndromes are a group of genetic disorders that are typically transmitted in an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. (medscape.com)
  • Table 1 provides a summary outline of the gene symbols, chromosomal locations, radiation sensitivity characteristics, immunodeficiencies, chromosome breakage characteristics, and major cancer risk for each of these disorders. (medscape.com)
  • Frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in miscarriages and perinatal deaths. (bmj.com)
  • Human models of NUP98-KDM5A megakaryocytic leukemia in mice contribute to uncovering new biomarkers and therapeutic vulnerabilities. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
  • or each of these agents, carcinogenicity in rats and/or mice, els, differences in exposure con- there was sufficient evidence of car- for example for the liver (aflatoxins, ditions between studies in animals cinogenicity from studies in rats and/ trichloroethylene [TCE], and vinyl and in humans, or limitations in Part 1 · Chapter 1. (who.int)
  • Chromosomal studies were performed in phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated cultures of lymphocytes and in bone marrow cells without culture from 115 patients with megaloblastic anaemia resulting from nutritional deficiency of folate and vitamin B 12 Essentially similar chromosomal abnormalities were observed in the two cell lines. (karger.com)
  • The human MAGE1 gene directs the expression of an antigen recognized on a melanoma by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. (unamur.be)
  • A relationship between cytogenetic changes in peripheral blood lymphocytes in human lymphoma and leukemia patients was recently established. (vin.com)
  • A Big Bang model of human colorectal tumor growth. (nature.com)
  • In fetal megacystis with longitudinal bladder diameter of 7-15 mm there is a risk of about 25% that the fetus will have a chromosomal defect but in the chromosomally normal group there is spontaneous resolution of the megacystis in about 90% of cases. (nih.gov)
  • We have mapped the human α 7 -nicotinic receptor subunit gene to chromosome 15, band q14, a region frequently rearranged in patients carrying a bisatellite 15 chromosome, large inv dup (15), whose clinical features include mental retardation and seizures. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study. (cdc.gov)
  • This study should establish the genetic basis for ob gene research in humans, thereby leading to the better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the ob gene. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Of the 126 couples, 39.7% (50/126) had received former diagnostic results by karyotyping characteristic of normal human male or female karyotypes. (ku.dk)
  • In these couples, this protocol significantly increased the diagnostic yield of chromosomal abnormalities per couple (11.7%) in comparison to chromosome analysis (8.0%, chi-square test p = 0.000751). (ku.dk)
  • On the other hand, removing Pds5 during meiosis triggers a chromosomal catastrophe. (medindia.net)
  • Chromosomal heterozygosity leads to the formation of multivalents (instead of normal bivalents) during meiosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • There is a fundamental difference between canonical and inverted meiosis in the behavior and fate of the chromosomal multivalents. (frontiersin.org)
  • Chromosomal protein HMG-14. (unthsc.edu)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Chromosomal protein HMG-14. (unthsc.edu)
  • The 172-bp 5'-flanking region of the human ob gene contained a TATA box-like sequence and several cis-acting regulatory elements (three copies of GC boxes, an AP-2-binding site, and a CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-binding site). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Knockdown of MAGEA6 Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Signaling to Inhibit Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells. (nih.gov)
  • The template was DNA from a cell line (GM/NA10826B) that retains predominantly human chromosome 2 DNA. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In our optimal models (having highest explanatory power), aCFSs are predominantly located in G-negative chromosomal bands and away from centromeres, are enriched in Alu repeats, and have high DNA flexibility. (psu.edu)
  • The guidelines contain recommendations for the clinical use of antiretroviral agents in the treatment of adults and adolescents (defined in Considerations for Antiretroviral Therapy in the HIV-Infected Adolescent) who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
  • There are large individual variations in HNMT activity in the human red blood cell as a result of a common genetic polymorphism. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The study took advantage of significant advances in both single-cell genetic profiling and non-invasive imaging, and is the first to combine analysis of complete chromosomal constitution, high-throughput single-cell gene expression and time-lapse imaging simultaneously in the same human embryo. (ogpnews.com)
  • But so much other genetic data profoundly disagrees with this (e.g. the genetic age of pretty much any allelic variation in humans should be no more than the mitochondrial age of Eve, more or less, and this is absolutely not what is found) that Biblical literalists can only rationally accept such drastically different processes than we observe now that one can draw no conclusions about what happened back then. (stackexchange.com)
  • The Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) polymorphisms included in the AmpF l STR® Yfiler® polymerase chain reaction amplification kit have become widely used for forensic and evolutionary applications where a reliable knowledge on mutation properties is necessary for correct data interpretation. (springer.com)
  • He argued that this was consistent with the biblical account: that Noah is Y-Chromosomal Adam and Eve is Mitochondrial Eve. (stackexchange.com)
  • We localized HNMTlo chromosome 2 by performing the PCR with template DNA from NIGMS Human/Rodent Somatic Cell Hybrid Mapping Panels 1 and 2. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Embryos typically need to be implanted within three to five days of creation, which has created a challenge for the IVF field because chromosomal abnormalities may not be identified until day five or six. (ogpnews.com)
  • A reliable knowledge of the particular Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) polymorphisms used in the forensic context is essential for the correct interpretation of the resulting profiles. (springer.com)
  • It was found that preembryos with uneven sized cells had significantly lower pregnancy/implantation rates and that this could partially be explained by a higher degree of chromosomal abnormalities. (gu.se)
  • Chromosome 21 is the smallest human chromosome, spanning about 48 million base pairs (the building blocks of DNA) and representing 1.5 to 2 percent of the total DNA in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Using the SURVEYOR nuclease assay 13 , we assessed the ability of each Cas9-sgRNA complex to generate indels in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293FT cells through the induction of DNA doublestranded breaks (DSBs) and subsequent nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA damage repair (Online Methods). (cdc.gov)
  • Species confirmation by PCR indicated that Anopheles arabiensis was the only malaria vector in the study area, with high anthropophilic behaviour (84.9% human-feeding). (who.int)
  • Consider these and the approximate hypothetical birthdays of Y-chromosomal Adam versus Noah. (stackexchange.com)