AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentDisciplines and OccupationsNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Trypanosomiasis, AfricanTrypanosomiasisTrypanosomaTrypanosomiasis, BovineTrypanosoma brucei gambienseTrypanocidal AgentsMelarsoprolTrypanosoma brucei rhodesienseTrypanosoma brucei bruceiTsetse FliesTrypanosoma congolenseAfrican AmericansTrypanosoma vivaxDemocratic Republic of the CongoAngolaPentamidineCongoCentral Nervous System Protozoal InfectionsCentral African RepublicNifurtimoxEflornithineSudanAntiprotozoal AgentsInsect ControlAfricaChagas DiseaseAfrican Continental Ancestry GroupAfrica, CentralTrypanosoma cruziSuraminDiminazeneUgandaBenzamidinesNeglected DiseasesVariant Surface Glycoproteins, TrypanosomaParasitic Sensitivity TestsParasitologyAntibodies, ProtozoanAgglutination TestsCote d'IvoireInsect VectorsZambiaTropical MedicineCerebrospinal FluidLeishmaniasisDisease VectorsDNA, ProtozoanFlocculation TestsGabonNitroimidazolesCentral Nervous System Parasitic InfectionsProtozoan ProteinsGuineaChadAfrica South of the SaharaEndemic DiseasesAfrican Swine Fever VirusLivestockSouth AfricaParasitic DiseasesProtozoan InfectionsParasitemia
TrypanosomaTsetse fliesTrypanosomesGambiense human African trypanoInfectionGHATSleeping SicknessParasiteWORLD HEALTH ORGANChagasEndemicCentral AfricaEliminationDiseasesDemocratic Repub2020Eastern and Southern AfricaPopulationsZoonoticVector-borneSouth AfricaDiseaseSymptomsOnchocerciasisEpidemicsUgandaCysticercosisFatal without treatmentClinicalCongoAnimalCasesSpeciesTrypanosomosisGlossinaFociTreatmentNTDsTrypanosomeTransmissionBackgroundLivestock
Trypanosoma14
Tsetse flies4
  • Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness, is caused by trypanosome parasites that are transmitted by tsetse flies. (who.int)
  • HAT transmission requires the interaction of humans, tsetse flies and parasite reservoirs (humans, and domestic and wild animals). (who.int)
  • The last disease, African sleeping sickness, also known as trypanosomiasis, is transmitted through tsetse flies. (mongabay.com)
  • Tsetse flies carry the microorganism that causes sleeping sickness in humans and livestock, but a recent study reveals that their numbers have dropped at a site in the Zambezi Valley as temperatures have climbed. (mongabay.com)
Trypanosomes6
  • Human trypanosomes blood smear. (medscape.com)
  • Although general laboratory studies may be helpful, a definitive diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis requires actual detection of trypanosomes. (medscape.com)
  • 1. Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is caused by trypanosomes that are transmitted by the tsetse fly. (who.int)
  • Late in the course of African trypanosomiasis, trypanosomes appear in the interstitial fluid of many organs, including the myocardium and eventually the central nervous system. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Diagnosis of sleeping sickness, a neglected tropical disease caused by African trypanosomes, relies on the detection of parasites in blood. (pasteur.fr)
  • Named for the single-celled trypanosomes that infiltrate the bloodstream during a tsetse bite, trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, kills perhaps a million cattle a year around the world. (mongabay.com)
Gambiense human African trypano4
  • Monitoring the progress towards the elimination of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis. (fao.org)
  • Modelling to Quantify the Likelihood that Local Elimination of Transmission has Occurred Using Routine Gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis Surveillance Data. (bvsalud.org)
  • The gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) elimination programme in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) routinely collects case data through passive surveillance and active screening , with several regions reporting no cases for several years, despite being endemic in the early 2000s. (bvsalud.org)
  • Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) is a deadly vector-borne, neglected tropical disease found in West and Central Africa targeted for elimination of transmission (EoT) by 2030. (warwick.ac.uk)
Infection6
  • Thigh chancre (1) and back trypanids (2 and 3) in a patient with human African trypanosomiasis infection, Gabon. (cdc.gov)
  • Evidence will be presented for both asymptomatic forms of T. b. gambiense infection and low virulence forms of T. b. rhodesiense infection in humans. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • African trypanosomiasis, also known as African sleeping sickness or simply sleeping sickness, is an insect-borne parasitic infection of humans and other animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • it causes a chronic infection with a long asymptomatic phase, and it accounts for over 90 percent of total reported cases of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). (biomedcentral.com)
  • To establish an infection in human blood, they must overcome the innate immune system by resisting the toxic effects of trypanolytic factor 1 and trypanolytic factor 2 (refs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • HAT threatens 43.4 million people in the sub-Saharan area of Africa, is the result of infection by parasites transmitted by the tsetse fly, and the development of new, more reliable and economic diagnostic biomarkers and assays is essential, particularly for surveillance and to curb transmission in the remaining moderate to high risk foci. (ukri.org)
GHAT2
  • There are two types of HAT in sub-Saharan Africa, linked to the sub-species of the parasite Typansosoma brucei - the Gambiense form (gHAT) in west and central Africa and the Rhodesiense form (rHAT) in eastern and southern Africa. (beds.ac.uk)
  • In 1994, combined active and passive screening reported 1469 cases from the historic Gambian Human African Trypanosomiasis (gHAT) foci of West Nile, Uganda. (lstmed.ac.uk)
Sleeping Sickness14
  • African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) is an illness endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. (medscape.com)
  • Human African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, is a painful and protracted disease affecting people in the poorest parts of Africa and is fatal without treatment. (unl.pt)
  • Updated, accurate and comprehensive information on the distribution of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, is critically important to plan and monitor control activities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The human form of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is a disease unique to Africa that leads to death if untreated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human African Trypanosomiasis , also called sleeping sickness, is a fatal disease if left untreated. (beds.ac.uk)
  • We also present our mapping of residues important for ApoL1 binding, giving molecular insight into this interaction at the heart of human sleeping sickness. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Human African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is only endemic in South Sudan within the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. (who.int)
  • Drawing on this research, conservationists have named five diseases that have the potential to spill over into the human population and impact public health: human ehrlichiosis, human babesiosis, toxocariasis, trichinosis, and African sleeping sickness. (mongabay.com)
  • The Blood Lions team has identified five diseases as being the most dangerous ones to humans: human ehrlichiosis, human babesiosis, toxocariasis, trichinosis, and African sleeping sickness. (mongabay.com)
  • The overall aim of this research is to complete the further development and commercialisation of new tests for the detection and diagnosis of the parasite Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT or sleeping sickness), building upon and completing previously funded BBSRC applications. (ukri.org)
  • A key findings is that, by using alternative expression systems to develop antigens for rapid-point-of-care diagnostics, we are able to generate tests for African sleeping sickness that are more sensitive than existing tests. (ukri.org)
  • Sleeping sickness, known also as trypanosomiasis, is a debilitating and potentially deadly disease to humans that also kills perhaps 1 million cattle each year. (mongabay.com)
  • This review does not include discussion of African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) because that disease in infants and children is indistinguishable from disease in adults. (medscape.com)
  • For information, see African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness). (medscape.com)
Parasite5
  • Yet research into the factors, whether parasite or host, which control virulence in Human African trypanosomiasis is in its infancy. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Sternberg JM, Maclean L. A spectrum of disease in human African trypanosomiasis: the host and parasite genetics of virulence. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • TY - JOUR T1 - A spectrum of disease in human African trypanosomiasis: the host and parasite genetics of virulence. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Since this interaction is the single critical event that renders T. b. rhodesiense human- infective, detailed structural information that allows identification of binding determinants is crucial to understand immune escape by the parasite. (ox.ac.uk)
  • P. falciparum is the most deadly malaria parasite and the most prevalent in Africa, where malaria cases and deaths are heavily concentrated. (who.int)
WORLD HEALTH ORGAN4
  • Ongoing avian influenza outbreaks in animals pose risk to humans: read the situation analysis and advice to countries from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH). (eurosurveillance.org)
  • It's also listed as a "Neglected Tropical Disease " by the World Health Organization, which means that it isn't necessarily viewed as a health priority even though it's caused several epidemics across Africa, primarily among economically disadvantaged populations. (mongabay.com)
  • It is also theoretically possible to 'eliminate' a disease in humans while the microbe remains at large, as in the case of neonatal tetanus, for which the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1989 declared a goal of global elimination by 1995. (cdc.gov)
  • This global legal framework includes fl uenza virus (H5N1) in poultry fl ocks of Asian countries, a commitment from the World Health Organization (WHO) and from each WHO member state to improve capacity for and the spread of the virus across Europe and into Africa, disease prevention, detection, and response. (cdc.gov)
Chagas1
Endemic3
  • HAT is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. (cdc.gov)
  • It is reported that HAT is endemic in 35 countries in the African Region, but there are different levels of endemicity2 (see Figure 1). (who.int)
  • Human African trypanosomiasis cases diagnosed in non-endemic countries (2011-2020). (fao.org)
Central Africa1
Elimination7
  • In honor of the DRC's Third Annual National Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) Day and First Annual World NTD Day on January 30, the DRC Cabinet of the Ministry, national HAT elimination program, and partners are hosting national and provincial-level political celebrations to recognize progress made to date toward HAT elimination, raise awareness of the disease, and catalyze the necessary actions to achieve sustained elimination. (worldntdday.org)
  • The project, " Diagnostic tools for human African trypanosomiasis elimination and clinical trials " abbreviated as 'DiTECT-HAT' is a recent project that we are collaboratively working on in West Africa. (zoonotic-diseases.org)
  • BugBitten What influences the cost of vector control in Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) elimination? (beds.ac.uk)
  • What influences the cost of vector control in Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) elimination? (beds.ac.uk)
  • Control and elimination strategies for HAT have focused on a combined approach of intensive screen-and-treat programmes for human and animal populations and deployment of tsetse vector control methods. (beds.ac.uk)
  • The elimination of human African trypanosomiasis: Achievements in relation to WHO road map targets for 2020. (fao.org)
  • WOODCLIFF LAKE, N.J. , April 19, 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- Eisai Inc. announced today that its parent company Tokyo, Japan -based Eisai Co., Ltd. has pledged the continuing support of its initiatives for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF), a parasitic disease that is transmitted to humans by the bite of a mosquito. (prnewswire.com)
Diseases7
  • Neglected diseases are a diverse group of communicable diseases in roughly 150 countries, mainly in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, which affect more than 1 billion people and cost developing economies billions of dollars every year. (iam-media.com)
  • The first two are tick-borne diseases and can spread to humans if an infected tick jumps from a lion to a person. (mongabay.com)
  • While none of these diseases have been known to transfer from lions to humans, De Waal says there's always a chance it can happen, especially given the proximity between lions and humans at farms such as Pienika Farm. (mongabay.com)
  • Diseases that cannot exist without humans are not considered zoonotic by all sources (e.g. variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease), and neither are some diseases that may have begun as zoonoses but are predominantly transmitted by humans (e.g. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Why are neglected tropical diseases a human rights issue? (ifhhro.org)
  • A Human Rights-Based Approach to Neglected Tropical Diseases. (ifhhro.org)
  • Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Human Rights Analysis. (ifhhro.org)
Democratic Repub1
20202
  • Cancer in sub-Saharan Africa in 2020: a review of current estimates of the national burden, data gaps, and future needs. (who.int)
  • Ovarian cancer today and tomorrow: A global assessment by world region and Human Development Index using GLOBOCAN 2020. (who.int)
Eastern and Southern Africa1
Populations4
  • 5. Implementation of this strategy should reduce morbidity and mortality due to human African trypanosomiasis and improve the economic and social status of the affected populations. (who.int)
  • The genomic research landscape has transformed dramatically since the completion of the human genome project in 2003, but focus in the field has been constrained, in terms of worldwide populations included in this research. (nature.com)
  • We will screen 7500 livestock at markets and slaughterhouses, and 5000 humans reporting to health care facilities with suspected zoonotic disease, to obtain baseline epidemiological data on the prevalence/incidence of zoonotic infections in the study populations. (ukri.org)
  • Climate change and African trypanosomiasis vector populations in Zimbabwe's Zambezi Valley: A mathematical modelling study. (mongabay.com)
Zoonotic3
  • A zoonosis (plural: zoonoses), also known as a zoonotic disease , is an infectious disease in humans (the host ) for which another vertebrate animal can be the vector . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Three fellowships, in total worth over £25,000, have been awarded to support research into food safety, the zoonotic disease - trypanosomiasis, and Alzheimer's disease. (onehealthinitiative.com)
  • We will deploy diagnostic tests for 14 different zoonotic pathogens, plus common coinfections, in both humans and livestock. (ukri.org)
Vector-borne2
  • HAT is the only vector-borne parasitic disease with a geographical distribution limited to the African continent. (who.int)
  • The COMBAT project: controlling and progressively minimizing the burden of vector-borne animal trypanosomosis in Africa. (fao.org)
South Africa3
  • Animal welfare advocates say that captive lion facilities in South Africa tend to keep lions in unsanitary, stressful conditions that provide the perfect environment for disease. (mongabay.com)
  • In 2019, animal welfare inspectors visited Pienika Farm, a captive-lion facility in the North West province of South Africa. (mongabay.com)
  • We don't know, for example, whether the resurgence of malaria in the East African highlands in the 1990s was caused by rising temperatures or by increasing levels of drug resistance and decreasing control efforts," John Hargrove, an epidemiologist at Stellenbosch University in South Africa, said in the statement. (mongabay.com)
Disease12
  • The disease occurs regularly in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa with the population at risk being about 70 million in 36 countries. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other animals, such as cows, may carry the disease and become infected in which case it is known as Nagana or animal trypanosomiasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given the resurgence of both human and animal trypanosomiasis, the epidemic potential, high fatality rate and significant impact on socioeconomic development, many countries requested more active WHO support to control the disease. (who.int)
  • The number of new HAT cases and the number of people screened within a defined geographical entity were chosen as the key variables to map disease distribution in sub-Saharan Africa. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human African trypanosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: disease distribution and risk. (fao.org)
  • It is limited to sub-Saharan Africa, between latitudes 14N and 29S, within the limits of the geographical distribution of the tsetse fly of Glossina genus, that transmits the disease. (uantwerpen.be)
  • The most common way humans get trichinosis , the disease caused by this roundworm, is by eating undercooked meat that contains larvae. (healthline.com)
  • The spread of disease is not only dangerous for the lions ( Panthera leo ) themselves, she said, but there is a possibility that disease could spill over into the human population, threatening human health and even triggering future epidemics. (mongabay.com)
  • Auty, who will be travelling to Tanzania, highlighted the importance of controlling the disease, saying: 'Animal African trypanosomiasis is a major constraint on agriculture and food security. (onehealthinitiative.com)
  • Sordo explains why the cats are a good potential model for human Alzheimer's disease: 'In people with Alzheimer's disease, the accumulation of proteins beta-amyloid and phosphorylated tau is believed to lead to cognitive decline. (onehealthinitiative.com)
  • Lymphatic filariasis is a parasitic disease that is transmitted to humans by the bite of a mosquito. (eisai.com)
  • And for humans, it's a painful disease that disrupts sleep patterns and can be deadly if left untreated. (mongabay.com)
Symptoms2
  • African trypanosomiasis symptoms occur in two stages: the hemolymphatic stage and the neurological stage (the latter being characterised by parasitic invasion of the central nervous system). (wikipedia.org)
  • In both early- and late-stage trypanosomiasis, symptoms usually resolve after treatment, and the parasitemia clears on repeat blood smears. (medscape.com)
Onchocerciasis1
Epidemics1
Uganda6
  • This paper proposes an exploratory spatial analysis using geo-referenced human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) cases and matched controls from Serere hospital, Uganda (December 1998 to November 2002) to identify areas with an elevated epidemiological risk of HAT. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Three major outbreaks have occurred in recent history: one from 1896 to 1906 primarily in Uganda and the Congo Basin, and two in 1920 and 1970, in several African countries. (wikipedia.org)
  • [2] May tatlong malagap na outbreak ang naganap sa kasaysayan: isa ay mula 1896 hanggang 1906 na pangunahin ay sa Uganda at ang Congo Basin , at ang ikalawa ay noong 1920 at 1970 sa mga ilang African a bansa. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gambian human African trypanosomiasis in North West Uganda. (lstmed.ac.uk)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-4030 and Lehane, Mike (2019) 'Gambian human African trypanosomiasis in North West Uganda. (lstmed.ac.uk)
  • 3000 cases and controls covering seven countries (Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, DRC, Malawi, Uganda, Zambia) using the H3Africa customized chip reflective of African genetic diversity will present novel association targets. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Cysticercosis1
  • Human taeniasis (HTT) and human cysticercosis (HCC) age-prevalence data from 16 studies in Latin America, Africa and Asia were extracted through a systematic review. (imperial.ac.uk)
Fatal without treatment1
Clinical2
  • It is expected that greater representation of those with African ancestry in genomic research will bring novel insights into human biology, and lead to improvements in clinical care and improved understanding of health disparities. (nature.com)
  • With a focus on the African continent, consistent with the authors' expertise, we evaluate the evidence to support the expected progress from including diverse individuals in genomic research relative to: novel insights into human biology, improvements in clinical care, and enhanced understanding of health disparities (Table 1 ). (nature.com)
Congo1
Animal8
  • The cycle is continued when a tsetse fly bites an infected human or animal. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Developing a Progressive Control Pathway for African Animal Trypanosomosis. (fao.org)
  • A Spatio-temporal Model of African Animal Trypanosomosis Risk. (fao.org)
  • cause African human and animal trypanosomiasis, a burden on health and economy in Africa. (nih.gov)
  • However, the relevance of animal data to human pregnancies is not great. (medscape.com)
  • The Lion Coalition, an alliance of several animal welfare and conservation groups, including Blood Lions, says that bovine tuberculosis , documented in both captive and wild lions, could also transfer between lions and humans. (mongabay.com)
  • Harriet Auty, based at the SRUC in Inverness, UK, is using the funds to investigate how research into animal and human African trypanosomiasis can inform evidence-based policy on controlling the pathogen. (onehealthinitiative.com)
  • What is needed, and will be provided by ZooLinK, is increased awareness of zoonoses, better diagnostic support, better ways to record, share, analyse and interpret data, and closer integration between the human and animal health sectors. (ukri.org)
Cases1
  • In 2021, approximately 800 combined cases were reported to the WHO, with over 90% caused by T. b. gambiense (see WHO: Human African trypanosomiasis ). (msdmanuals.com)
Species3
  • It is transmitted by the tsetse fly ( Glossina species), which is found only in sub-Saharan Africa. (cdc.gov)
  • Humans are the main reservoir of T. b. gambiense , but this species may also reside in animals. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Some of these pathogens can be transmitted from lions to other species, including humans, the research says. (mongabay.com)
Trypanosomosis2
  • Mapping the benefit-cost ratios of interventions against bovine trypanosomosis in Eastern Africa. (fao.org)
  • BACKGROUND Trypanosomosis affects humans as well as wild and domestic vertebrates, yet has no successful prophylaxis, chemotherapy nor cure. (bvsalud.org)
Glossina1
  • Rising temperatures seem to have made a southern African park less hospitable to the tsetse fly ( Glossina spp. (mongabay.com)
Foci1
  • Currently, there are more than 250 active foci within the "tsetse belt" in sub-Saharan Africa, mainly involving countries of the WHO African Region and the Sudan. (who.int)
Treatment2
  • Patients who have recovered from West African trypanosomiasis may no longer need to undergo lumbar punctures every 6 months for 2 years, depending on their treatment regimen. (medscape.com)
  • Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) remains a serious public health problem with diagnostic and treatment challenges in many African countries. (univr.it)
NTDs5
  • Former UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Health Professor Paul Hunt wrote that NTDs "are both a cause and consequence of human rights violations. (ifhhro.org)
  • Analysis conducted by the United Nations (UN) has found that NTDs "are more likely to occur where human rights, such as the rights to health, education, and housing, are not guaranteed. (ifhhro.org)
  • 4] The UN report also stated that NTDs also result in violations of human rights, particularly the right to equality and non-discrimination. (ifhhro.org)
  • International human rights laws protect people affected by NTDs. (ifhhro.org)
  • Health professionals and other interested individuals can assist greatly by writing to their government representatives, blogging about the overlap between NTDs and human rights, and generating awareness about the impact of NTDs using traditional and social media among other activities. (ifhhro.org)
Trypanosome1
Transmission1
  • The second two are spread through parasitic roundworms, and transmission can occur if a human comes into contact with contaminated soil or ingests raw and undercooked meat. (mongabay.com)
Background1
  • Background: Camel trypanosomiasis or surra is of great concern in Somalia, since the country possesses the largest one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) population in the world. (researchgate.net)
Livestock1
  • In one recent but relatively small-scale study, we found 14 different zoonoses circulating in humans and their livestock. (ukri.org)