• It is defined by axonal degeneration in neurons of both the sensory and motor systems and initially occurs at the distal ends of the longest axons in the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • We found that tension in neurons modulates active transport of vesicles by increasing the probability of active motion, effective diffusivity and induces a retrograde bias. (nature.com)
  • Experimentally, a well-accepted model to mimic axotomy injury retrograde repercussion to spinal neurons is the neonatal peripheral nerve axotomy [ 13 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Sciatic nerve transection, early after birth, results in significant degeneration of spinal motoneurons as well as sensory neurons present in the dorsal root ganglia. (hindawi.com)
  • It stands to reason, therefore, that neurodegenerative disorders might also cause degeneration of neurons in the retina. (aao.org)
  • Invertebrate central neurons: orthograde degeneration and retrograde changes after axonotomy. (stanford.edu)
  • Author summary We utilized genetic methods to examine how Schwann cells prevent degeneration of motor neurons (MNs) in the spinal cord. (unr.edu)
  • Alcoholic polyneuropathy usually has a gradual onset over months or even years, although axonal degeneration often begins before an individual experiences any symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • [1] Pathologically retrograde axonal degeneration of the corticospinal tracts and posterior columns is often identified. (pediatricneurosciences.com)
  • Progressive deficits in retrograde axon transport precede degeneration of motor axons in acrylamide neuropathy. (cdc.gov)
  • Optic atrophy is the final common morphologic endpoint of disease process that causes degeneration of axons of the ganglion cells. (medscape.com)
  • Previous studies have shown that there are morphologically dissimilar serotonergic (5-HT) axon types in rat cerebral cortex which are differentially sensitive to the neurotoxic effects of certain psychotropic drugs: methylenedioxyamphetamines (MDA and MDMA) and p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) cause degeneration of fine 5-HT axon terminals in cortex, while sparing beaded axons. (erowid.org)
  • [7] [8] However, whether this loss of tissue represents primary neurodegeneration within the retina itself or instead secondary retrograde degeneration due to neuronal and axonal loss in the brain has not yet been determined. (aao.org)
  • Trigeminal (TG), dorsal root (DRG) and nodose-petrosal ganglia show severe neurodegeneration (up to 98%) whereas vestibular and cochlear ganglia show only 15-25% degeneration. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • This neurodegeneration may arise due to a lack of retrograde trafficking support during development of these ganglia or due to lack of delivering efficient plasma membrane required during axonal growth cone formation. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • In this observational, retrospective cross-sectional study, segmented macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) volume scans were reviewed to investigate if this observation also holds true for anterograde trans-synaptic degeneration. (amsterdamumc.org)
  • The scope of these studies encompassed diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, glaucoma, retinal detachment, light-induced retinal degeneration, age-related macular degeneration, and inherited retinal degeneration. (molvis.org)
  • These conditions include but are not limited to artery or vein occlusion in diabetic retinopathy, hypoxic retina in retinopathy of prematurity, aging in age-related macular degeneration, expression of mutant proteins in inherited retinal degeneration, traumatic injury leading to retinal detachment, and light sensitivity in the case of light-induced retinal degeneration. (molvis.org)
  • In the visual pathway of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina is a tight barrier for retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration. (amsterdamumc.org)
  • Significant thinning was found in all retinal layers in patients with outer retinal diseases compared with the healthy controls, while there was no significant attenuation of the outer retina in patients with MS. In contrast to the tight barrier function observed with retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration, the INL appears to be more permissive for the propagation of anterograde trans-synaptic degeneration. (amsterdamumc.org)
  • Trans-synaptic degeneration - In trans-synaptic degeneration, a neuron on one side of a synapse degenerates as a consequence of the loss of a neuron on the other side (eg, in individuals with occipital damage incurred either in utero or during early infancy). (medscape.com)
  • 2023. Association between substantia nigra degeneration and functional outcome in patients with basal ganglia infarction. . (cornell.edu)
  • Focal neuronal degeneration with necrosis occurs, leading to the development of glial nodules. (medscape.com)
  • Retrograde axoplasmic flow to the rat retina was significantly decreased. (nih.gov)
  • Anterograde degeneration (Wallerian degeneration) - Degeneration begins in the retina and proceeds toward the lateral geniculate body (eg, toxic retinopathy, chronic simple glaucoma). (medscape.com)
  • In contrast to functions of the anterograde transport executed by IFT complex B (IFT-B), the precise functions of the retrograde transport mediated by IFT complex A (IFT-A) have not been well studied in photoreceptor cilia. (zfin.org)
  • This ataxia may be caused by cerebellar degeneration, sensory ataxia, or distal muscle weakness. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to alcoholic polyneuropathy, the individual may also show other related disorders such as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and cerebellar degeneration that result from alcoholism-related nutritional disorders. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aspiration lesions of the cerebellar cortex cause retrograde degeneration of precerebellar nuclei. (bl.uk)
  • Nerve injury leads to degeneration of distal terminal and dying back (retrograde chromatolysis). (asra.com)
  • We conducted this study to characterize the episcleral vessel cauterization glaucoma model in the rat with respect to decreased retrograde axoplasmic flow and subsequent apoptotic RGC death. (nih.gov)
  • Rarely, SLEV tracts retrograde from a peripheral site (the olfactory nerve) that was infected during the viremia. (medscape.com)
  • Optic nerve fibers exhibit marked degeneration, with excessive proliferation of glial tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, in the periphery after an acute mechanical injury of the peripheral afferent axon, there will be an initial dying back (retrograde chromatolysis) that proceeds for some interval at which time the axon begins to sprout sending growth cones forward. (asra.com)
  • Retrograde degeneration - Degeneration starts from the proximal portion of the axon and proceeds toward the optic disc (eg, optic nerve compression by intracranial tumor). (medscape.com)
  • The underlying pathophysiologic basis for degenerative mitral regurgitation is most commonly related to myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve, resulting in mitral valve prolapse (MVP). (nih.gov)
  • Here, we analyzed developing zebrafish larvae carrying a null mutation in ift122 encoding a component of IFT-A. Ift122 mutant larvae show unexpectedly mild phenotypes, compared to those of mutants defective in IFT-B. Ift122 mutants exhibit a slow onset of progressive photoreceptor degeneration mainly after 7dpf. (zfin.org)
  • Initial pathological changes that could be noted were alveolar internal homorrhage, atelectasis, edema and parenchymatous degeneration, which could be reversible at early stage and within 12-24 hours after injury they could be progressive. (researchsquare.com)
  • Retinal degeneration is progressive deterioration of the retinal cells, eventually culminating in their death. (molvis.org)
  • Subsequent studies investigating the role of individual UPR markers in retinal pathogenesis and examining the therapeutic potential of reprogramming the UPR as a method for modulating the rate of retinal degeneration have been initiated. (molvis.org)
  • [ 3 ] However, reoperation rates of 12-19% over 5 years follow-up have been reported due to complications such as pseudarthrosis, adjacent segment degeneration, and incomplete pain relief. (medscape.com)
  • this hypothesis was tested in the present study by comparing retrograde axonal transport of the fluorescent tracer Fluoro-Gold in PCA-treated and control rats. (erowid.org)
  • Mitral regurgitation (MR) is caused by the retrograde flow of blood from the left ventricle (LV) into the left atrium (LA) through the mitral valve (MV), causing a systolic murmur heard best at the apex of the heart with radiation to the left axilla. (nih.gov)
  • Recently published literature has provided evidence that the unfolded protein response (UPR) is involved in the development of retinal degeneration. (molvis.org)
  • We concluded that elevated intraocular pressure caused apoptotic RGC death through retrograde axoplasmic flow blockage. (nih.gov)
  • Retrograde axoplasmic flow and TUNEL-stained apoptotic dead cells were observed microscopically. (nih.gov)