• Clavibacter michiganensis is an aerobic non-sporulating Gram-positive plant pathogenic actinomycete of the genus Clavibacter. (wikipedia.org)
  • Following the initial remarkable success of antibiotics, the emergence and spread of human pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics has become a major phenomenon in the past fifty years. (europa.eu)
  • The emergence and spread of human pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics has become a major problem in the past fifty years. (europa.eu)
  • Since scientists were able to sequence the genome, they now have information of how diseases caused by this pathogenic bacteria are developed and also the evolutionary history of the bacteria. (kenyon.edu)
  • 2011. Interactions of the human pathogenic Brucella species with their hosts. (mgc.ac.cn)
  • Tularemia, a bacterial zoonosis, is caused by Francisella tularensis, one of the most infectious pathogenic bacteria known. (cdc.gov)
  • However, when the balance shifts, healthy commensal bacteria in the oral microbiome are no longer able to maintain the pathogenic ones in check. (bristlehealth.com)
  • This article provides an overview of the most important human pathogenic bacteria. (amboss.com)
  • The following table provides an overview of the nomenclature of important human pathogenic bacteria, according to their form and Gram staining properties. (amboss.com)
  • Acinetobacter Baumannii is a species of pathogenic bacteria and refers to an aerobic gram-negative bacterium which is resistant to most antibiotics. (rentokil-hygiene.co.uk)
  • The work package focusing on molecular studies generated new evidence about the changes effected by antibiotic therapy on commensal organisms or opportunistic pathogens in the oropharyngeal, nasal and gastro-intestinal flora and study AMR mechanisms and the dissemination of successful clones of fluoroquinolone-resistant, carbapenem-resistant or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase harboring Gram-negative bacteria, MRSA and fluoroquinolone-resistant viridans streptococci. (europa.eu)
  • The host is immune to virulent rechallenge, the inoculum being eliminated as though the organisms were completely avirulent. (kenyon.edu)
  • Staphylococcal Infections Staphylococci are gram-positive aerobic organisms. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Streptococcal Infections Streptococci are gram-positive aerobic organisms that cause many disorders, including pharyngitis, pneumonia, wound and skin infections, sepsis, and endocarditis. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Chloramphenicol has an especially broad spectrum of activity against numerous aerobic bacteria, mycoplasma, chlamydial organisms, anaerobic bacteria, and even methicillin-resistant Staphylococci . (vin.com)
  • Inflammatory cells are not routinely observed when there is ceruminous discharge containing yeast organisms with or without bacteria. (cliniciansbrief.com)
  • The ear canal hosts various species of bacteria in the healthy state, and bacterial organisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp, can be recovered from culture samples of healthy ears of dogs or cats. (cliniciansbrief.com)
  • Although many predator bacteria may lyse other bacteria, and many "micropredators" have been described, these Bdellovibrio-like organisms can grow without bacterial prey, and do not divide inside the periplasm. (eol.org)
  • The natural cycle of its organisms generally involves a vertebrate and an invertebrate host. (bvsalud.org)
  • Patients who would have met the criteria for HCAP should not be empirically treated with antibiotics to cover MDR bacteria unless they have valid risk factors for acquiring MDR organisms. (medscape.com)
  • Primary inhalation pneumonia develops when these organisms bypass normal respiratory defense mechanisms or when the patient inhales aerobic gram-negative organisms that colonize the upper respiratory tract or respiratory support equipment. (medscape.com)
  • Today, most organisms use the oxygen to extract energy from organic molecules through a process of aerobic respiration. (schoolbag.info)
  • The presence of oxygen in the atmosphere had one other important outcome: It opened the door for the evolution of aerobic organisms. (schoolbag.info)
  • Aerobic organisms would have a significant advantage over anaerobic organisms. (schoolbag.info)
  • in addition, paracentesis should be performed in all patients who do not have an indwelling peritoneal catheter and are suspected of having SBP, because results of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures, used in conjunction with the cell count, are useful in guiding therapy. (medscape.com)
  • Lactobacilli and their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory products along with components of the epithelial mucosal barrier provide an effective first line defense against invading pathogens including bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis-associated bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. (frontiersin.org)
  • Volume 20, Number 3-March 2014 Emerging Infectious Disease Bartonella henselae and B. koehlerae DNA in Birds To the Editor: Bartonellosis, a globally emerging vector-borne zoonotic bacterial disease, is caused by hemotropic, gram-negative, aerobic, facultative intracellular Bartonella spp. (canlyme.com)
  • We conducted a factorially designed experiment where we passaged a bacterial host ( Bacillus subtilis ) and its phage (SPO1) in the presence versus absence of a seed bank consisting of dormant endospores. (nature.com)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the dominant bacterial microorganisms involved in acute sinusitis, whereas in chronic sinusitis, Staphylococcus aureus and some anaerobic bacteria are the prevailing pathogens. (allaboutheaven.org)
  • In this mechanism, the bacteria can reach and cross the blood brain barrier, resulting in bacterial meningitis that can be severe in immunocompromised patients. (udayton.edu)
  • Most bacterial nosocomial pneumonias occur by aspiration of bacteria colonizing the oropharynx or upper gastrointestinal tract of the patient. (cdc.gov)
  • Ah yes, binary fission - the OG form of bacterial replication (if bacteria had street cred). (dane101.com)
  • Ancillary tests included aerobic bacterial culture of liver, spleen, and lung tissue and real-time PCR for Salmonella species in intestinal contents, for avian influenza virus and avian paramyxovirus-1 on an oropharyngeal swab sample, and for West Nile virus in kidney tissue. (cdc.gov)
  • Unlike fungi, the morphology of bacteria is not very sufficient for taxonomical purposes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fellowship will allow Dr. Marco-Urrea a significant expansion of his research experience which currently is focused in the aerobic degradation of halogenated ethenes by white-rot fungi. (helmholtz.de)
  • and he will work with bacteria rather than with fungi. (helmholtz.de)
  • Sinusitis is a complex involvement of the upper respiratory system by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other allergens. (allaboutheaven.org)
  • Microorganisms capable of catabolizing lignin-derived ar- carbohydrate and protein components of the organic matter omatics are essentially fungi and bacteria (Bugg et al. (lu.se)
  • Clavibacter michiganensis, also known as Ring Rot, is an unusual genus of phytopathogenic bacteria in that it is gram-positive and does not have a type three secretion system. (wikipedia.org)
  • With the increased use of genomic information for the classification of bacteria, the genus Leptospira was reorganized into genomospecies. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • The genus Brucella consists of six classic species, designated on the basis of host preference, antigenic and biochemical characteristics as Brucella melitensis (goats and sheep), Brucella abortus (cattle), Brucella suis (pigs), Brucella canis (dogs), Brucella ovis (sheep) and Brucella neotomae (wood rats). (mgc.ac.cn)
  • Bacteria of the genus Brucella are the causative agents of brucellosis, a worldwide zoonosis that affects a broad range of mammals, including livestock and humans. (mgc.ac.cn)
  • Moraxella is named after Victor Morax, a Swiss ophthalmologist who first described this genus of bacteria. (allaboutheaven.org)
  • Bdellovibrio is a genus of Gram-negative , obligate aerobic bacteria . (eol.org)
  • One of the more notable characteristics of this genus is that members can prey upon other Gram-negative bacteria and feed on the biopolymers , e.g. proteins and nucleic acids, of their hosts. (eol.org)
  • A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria often surrounded by a protein microcapsular layer and slime layer. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nocardiosis is an infection caused by several species of soil-borne aerobic bacteria belonging to the genus Nocardia . (medscape.com)
  • Because these infections often also involve aerobic gram-negative bacilli, additional antibiotics are also used. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Since the development of penicillin and sulfa drugs, the first commercially produced antibiotics, we have sought to improve upon our ability to combat bacteria. (vin.com)
  • The bacteria has so far become resistant to the antibiotics penicillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. (allaboutheaven.org)
  • Because aerobic gram-negative bacilli (eg, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) are the major pathogens associated with HAP, the pathophysiology of nosocomial pneumonia relates to the destructive effect on lung tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Aerobic gram-negative pathogens may be divided into 2 categories. (medscape.com)
  • Mitochondria are believed to have originated not from cyanobacteria but from an ancestor of the present-day purple photosynthetic bacteria that had lost its capacity for photosynthesis (chloroplasts from an ancestral Cyanobacterium). (tripod.com)
  • Through evolution, these ingested bacteria became more specialized in their functions, with the aerobic bacteria becoming mitochondria and the photosynthetic bacteria becoming chloroplasts. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Aerobic facultative intracellular pathogen. (mgc.ac.cn)
  • It is a facultative intracellular bacterium that multiplies within macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • Two new brucella species, provisionally called B. pinnipediae and B. cetaceae , have been isolated from marine hosts within the past few years. (mgc.ac.cn)
  • Prevotella species and other anaerobes are recovered from tonsillar or retropharyngeal abscesses without any aerobic bacteria, and they are isolated in cases of Vincent angina. (medscape.com)
  • [3] This species is more capable of host-independent growth. (eol.org)
  • Bacillus species keep harmful bacteria in check and they produce nutrients that are designed specifically to feed the healthy microbes. (exclusivelyholistic.com)
  • Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy . (wikipedia.org)
  • The energy metabolism of bacteria, including fermentation, aerobic and anaerobic respiration, utilization of inorganic compounds and photosynthesis. (ntnu.edu)
  • As they conferred useful functions like aerobic respiration (mitochondria) and photosynthesis (chloroplasts), these organelles have been retained as endosymbionts. (tripod.com)
  • The appearance of oxygen in the atmosphere also allowed for the evolution of aerobic respiration. (schoolbag.info)
  • Chloroplasts (photosynthesis) in green plants and algae originated as free living bacteria related to the cyanobacteria [the chloroplastic DNA is more similar to free-living Cyanobacteria DNA than to sequences from the plants the chloroplasts reside in]. (tripod.com)
  • Some bacteria also perform photosynthesis, but they do not have chloroplasts. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Today, we find that several kinds of Bacteria perform some form of photosynthesis in which sunlight is used to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic molecules. (schoolbag.info)
  • Scientists believe that host cells and bacteria formed a mutually beneficial endosymbiotic relationship when the host cells ingested aerobic bacteria and cyanobacteria but did not destroy them. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Lower chlorinated dioxins can be degraded by aerobic bacteria from the genera of Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas and Burkholderia.However, higher chlorinated dioxins requires anaerobic degradation process. (igem.org)
  • Enzymes assembled from related degradation pathways into our host strain serve as the function part. (igem.org)
  • Taking the condition of our lab into account, we decide just deal with the aerobic degradation path way. (igem.org)
  • Functional gene diversity in the gabbroic samples was analyzed with a microarray for metabolic genes ("GeoChip"), producing further evidence of genomic potential for hydrocarbon degradation - genes for aerobic methane and toluene oxidation. (figshare.com)
  • As an obligate intracellular bacterium, Ctr strictly depends on the functional contribution of the host cell. (bvsalud.org)
  • Many of the genes have been acquired from other bacteria and viruses. (kenyon.edu)
  • Bacteria and viruses were not detected, and all toxicants were either not detected or within acceptable range. (cdc.gov)
  • Aerobic Gram-positive bacterium. (up.ac.za)
  • Obligately aerobic chemoorganotrophic, polysaccharide-accumulating Gram-positive bacterium. (up.ac.za)
  • Mitochondria were acquired when aerobic Eubacteria were engulfed by anaerobic host cells. (tripod.com)
  • Scientists have long noticed that bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are similar in size. (pressbooks.pub)
  • We also know that mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA and ribosomes, just as bacteria do. (pressbooks.pub)
  • As an intracellular pathogen, L. monocytogenes replicates inside the host cell cytosol to be transported throughout the bloodstream and avoid any extracellular immune defenses. (udayton.edu)
  • To this end, strains of a phytopathogenic bacteria, called pathovars, are distinguished by cultural (selective media), physiological, biochemical (e.g. secreted enzymes the chemical responses of the plant), or pathological characteristics (including the range of susceptible hosts). (wikipedia.org)
  • Recently, two strains of this bacteria - subsp. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abstract Starting from mature vegetable compost, four bac- the utilization of these bacteria as cell factories for upgrading terial strains were selected using a lignin-rich medium. (lu.se)
  • Risk factors for meningococcal disease include organism, host, and environmental factors. (cdc.gov)
  • Humans are the only hosts of the organism and is present in the upper respiratory tract. (who.int)
  • Two distinct classes of bacteria have now been identified that biodegrade PCBs by different mechanisms, including aerobic bacteria which live in oxygenated environments and anaerobic bacteria which live in oxygen free environments such as aquatic sediments. (igem.org)
  • Overview of Anaerobic Bacteria Bacteria can be classified by their need and tolerance for oxygen: Facultative: Grow aerobically or anaerobically in the presence or absence of oxygen Microaerophilic: Require a low oxygen concentration. (merckmanuals.com)
  • For instance, the front of your tongue primarily hosts aerobic bacteria, ones that are great at surviving in the presence of oxygen. (bristlehealth.com)
  • In contrast, the bacteria that live at your gum line are mostly anaerobic or microaerophilic, meaning they can only survive in low levels of oxygen or in the complete absence of oxygen. (bristlehealth.com)
  • [5] B. bacteriovorus are able to thrive in almost any habitat, the general requirements are that there needs to be oxygen and some other Gram-negative bacteria present in its environment. (eol.org)
  • Unlike us silly bipeds who carry out physiology functions under aerobic conditions, Lactobacillus acidophilus prefers little to no oxygen when carrying out its cellular mechanisms requiring anaerobic survival preferences. (dane101.com)
  • Our results suggest that the gabbroic layer hosts a microbial community that can degrade hydrocarbons and fix carbon and nitrogen, and has the potential to employ a diversity of non-oxygen electron acceptors. (figshare.com)
  • B. pertussis utilizes virulence factors - including pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), fimbriae (FIM), adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT), tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), lipooligosaccharide (LOS), and dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) - to attach, proliferate, and and evade the host immune system. (wikidoc.org)
  • First, the bacterium does not bear classic virulence factors, such as capsules, secreted proteases, exotoxins, endotoxins, pili and/or fimbriae or virulence plasmids, and its lipopolysaccharide pathogenicity is not typical. (mgc.ac.cn)
  • Infection represents an imbalance between host immunity and the virulence of the causative microorganisms. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
  • Such interactions potentially indirectly impact the human host through virulence, antibiosis and immunomodulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Taken together, transcriptomic data indicate that early responses between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus involve competition for resources and metabolic adaptations, rather than the expression of bacteria- or host-directed virulence factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It plays an important role in the onset of localized AgP because of its virulence factors, such as RTX leukotoxin and cytolethal distending toxin, which triggerimmunological host responses activating osteoclastogenesis and leading to tissue breakdown 9 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Despite other host, horses are considered the natural host, affecting lungs and airways. (geneticpcr.com)
  • Inhalation, aspiration, and hematogenous spread are the 3 main mechanisms by which bacteria reach the lungs. (medscape.com)
  • Infection will normally begin in the lungs as the bacteria are inhaled or passed through a ventilator but it can be associated with a catheter infection. (rentokil-hygiene.co.uk)
  • Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is rampant among bacteria that cause healthcare- and community-acquired infections, driving up costs and increasing the difficulty of therapeutic management. (europa.eu)
  • As the bacteria continues its colonization, the canker will deepen and expand. (wikipedia.org)
  • This suggests that host-microbe or microbe-microbe adaptations occur during chronic colonization, which may subsequently influence infection progression and outcome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Specificity of host responses to colonization with different members of the microflora. (cdc.gov)
  • Also, SATURN had as mission to improve methodological standards and conduct research to better understand the impact of antibiotic use on acquisition, selection and transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in different environments, by combining state-of-the-art analyses of molecular, ecologic and individual patient-level data. (europa.eu)
  • BAE (Biological Activity Enhancer) from Prodex is an organic liquid formula for use in aerobic and anaerobic environments to improve operational efficiency and maximize renewable energy production. (tpomag.com)
  • The gabbroic microbial community was relatively depauperate, consisting of a low diversity of proteobacterial lineages closely related to Bacteria from hydrocarbon-dominated environments and to known hydrocarbon degraders, and there was little evidence of Archaea. (figshare.com)
  • Meningococci are Gram-negative, aerobic diplococci that can attach to the surface of mucosal cells of the nasopharynx. (cdc.gov)
  • The microbial shift in the periodontal milieu causes a dominance of gram-negative aerobic bacteria which along with increased cytokine activity accelerates destruction (6). (com.sa)
  • Simultaneous identification of certain bacteria may also change the clinical severity of periodontal diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • Aerobic gram-negative bacilli and enterococci are resistant. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Acid-resistant bacteria then outcompete the normal healthy microbiome, causing more cavities and oral disease. (bristlehealth.com)
  • Operative management addresses the need to control the infectious source and to purge bacteria and toxins. (medscape.com)
  • Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis , a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccobacillus. (wikidoc.org)
  • Since the recent advent of culture-independent analyses of complete microbial populations, microbe-host-microbiota interactions have opened new avenues for the study of infectious diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Describe properties and specific characteristics of chosen Bacteria and Archaea, including their possible applications in industry. (ntnu.edu)
  • Lyme disease, caused by the spirochetal bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl), is typically transmitted by hard-bodied ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). (canlyme.com)
  • Disseminated nocardiosis is responsible for most occurrences of nocardiosis, is most commonly caused by Nocardia asteroides , and typically affects immunocompromised hosts, although individuals with presumed immunocompetency also can develop the disease. (medscape.com)
  • If the bacteria reach a suitable quorum, the result is a systemic vascular infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • michiganensis enter the plant by wounds, including root wounds, and if the bacterium gets to the xylem then a systemic infection is likely that may plug the xylem vessels. (wikipedia.org)
  • T. mucoides can also be an opportunistic pathogen producing potentially fatal systemic infections in immunocompromised hosts. (univalle.edu.co)
  • In a small number of persons, the bacteria penetrate the mucosa and gain access to the bloodstream, resulting in systemic disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Mixed Anaerobic Infections Anaerobes can infect normal hosts and hosts with compromised resistance or damaged tissues. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Harmful bacteria that live in your mouth can trigger inflammation, and cause infections. (bristlehealth.com)
  • In this respect, detrimental and beneficial interactions between co-colonizing bacteria may influence the development and persistence of co-infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nous avons analysé les infections des plaies après un acte chirurgical chez 1200 patients blessés pendant le conflit libyen en 2011 et admis au service des urgences du centre médical de Tripoli. (who.int)
  • Les bacilles à Gram-négatif multirésistants représentaient un facteur de complication important pour les infections de plaies associées à des blessures de guerre chez des patients blessés en Libye. (who.int)
  • The oral cavity hosts a a variety of ecological niches, places where microbes can survive and grow. (bristlehealth.com)
  • The majority of microbes in the oral microbiome are bacteria. (bristlehealth.com)
  • However, in conditions where beneficial microbes become reduced, or ecological niches are empty, this allows for harmful bacteria to grow into the space, trigger an immune response, and cause disease. (bristlehealth.com)
  • The development of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) represents an imbalance between normal host defenses and the ability of microorganisms to colonize and then invade the lower respiratory tract. (medscape.com)
  • There is still much to discover about this pathogen-host interaction but now that the genome has been sequenced, the rate of discoveries will likely increase. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the bacteria is in a host, it is nonmotile (incapable of self-propelled movement), but when isolated it is motile. (kenyon.edu)
  • Des isolats suspects de Staphylococcus ont d'abord été identifiés par l'analyse biochimique classique, puis les souches confirmées par amplification en chaîne par polymérase (29 isolats de S. aureus et 17 isolats de S. saprophyticus) ont été analysées pour déterminer leur sensibilité aux différents antimicrobiens. (who.int)
  • Bacteria and Archaea. (ntnu.edu)
  • Lipid biomarker results were in close agreement with 16S rRNA analyses, which revealed the presence of MOx-related bacteria ( Methylococcales ) and AOM-related archaea (ANME-2 and ANME-3) at the MV420 sites. (nature.com)
  • The Campylobacter bacterium can produce a toxin that is genetically related to the cholera toxin. (innvista.com)
  • In this chapter, students will explore food safety concepts by learning how to read thermometers and measuring temperatures, about bacteria that we carry on our hands, potential disease-causing bacteria that can grow on food, and the health benefits of proper food safety practices. (agclassroom.org)
  • This review explores the composition, function and adaptive mechanisms of the vaginal microbiome in health and those disease states in which there is a breach in the host-microbial relationship. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gum disease is cause by specific anaerobic bacteria that live at the gumline, between your teeth and gums, and cause inflammation. (bristlehealth.com)
  • Although it does not commonly cause disease in these hosts, it can cause colicky abdominal pain and diarrhea in humans, with the disease being the most prevalent in June. (innvista.com)
  • Meningococcal disease is a serious and potentially life-threatening infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis . (cdc.gov)
  • Meningococcal bacteria can be transmitted from person-to-person, by asymptomatic carriers or persons with invasive disease, through direct contact with large droplet respiratory secretions or saliva. (cdc.gov)
  • In the nasopharynx, the bacteria multiply, bind to specific receptors, and are taken up by epithelial cells, which transport the meningococci across the mucosal epithelium. (cdc.gov)
  • They occur when the bacteria multiply on the epidermis of the host, enter through stomata, or enter through a very shallow wound that does not allow the pathogen to reach the xylem tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epizootics with sometimes extensive die-offs of animal hosts may herald outbreaks of tularemia in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Just like with us humans, nutrition plays an important factor in development of bacteria such as L.acidophilius preferentially utilizing glycogen from its host environment for energy? (dane101.com)
  • You may know that we humans are more bacteria then human. (exclusivelyholistic.com)
  • Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative , aerobic , non-motile, non-spore-forming coccobacillus . (wikidoc.org)
  • The entire system of xylem within the plant allows the bacteria to form titers of up to 109 bacteria per gram of plant tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • There were hyaline, birrefringent structures compatible with arthroconidia Tissue culture for aerobic as well as anaerobic bacteria and mycobacteria were negative. (univalle.edu.co)
  • Highly susceptible bacteria are killed outright while others are merely rendered unable to divide and the host's immune system then destroys them upon discovery. (vin.com)
  • An optimal host-microbial interaction is required for the maintenance of eubiosis and vaginal health. (frontiersin.org)
  • Milk and milk-based food products are highly susceptible to microbial attack because of their rich composition, which provides a favourable medium for growth of a host of spoilage agents [1]. (who.int)
  • Describe basic mechanisms in microbe-host interactions. (ntnu.edu)
  • This material is great for an aquarium because it acts as a host for beneficial bacteria and creates a great environment for fish and invert that live happily. (theaquariumadviser.com)
  • We observed a downregulation in the expression of genes involved in host response, such as TNF signaling, IL-1β production, and phagosome formation in Mφ, and phosphatidylinositol signaling and TNF signaling in PMNs, being in line with the ability of the pathogen to survive within phagocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The vagina also harbors numerous microorganisms (the "microbiota"), that exist (in conjunction with their genes and products) in a regulated mutualistic relationship with the host (the "microbiome") ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • After characterizing allelic variation with pooled population sequencing, we found that seed banks retained twice as many host genes with mutations, whether phages were present or not. (nature.com)
  • Owing in part to the inability of phages to attach to spores, seed banks stabilized population dynamics and resulted in minimum host densities that were 30-fold higher compared to bacteria that were unable to engage in dormancy. (nature.com)
  • They had to dig up the dirt to get to them and were exposed to lots and lots of bacteria and spores that lived in the dirt. (exclusivelyholistic.com)
  • Clavibacter is an aerobic bacterium with a coryneform morphology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intracellular growth is measured to determine whether bacteria anaerobic adaptations alter the infection outcome. (udayton.edu)
  • Succinate:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) is both a Krebs´ citric acid cycle enzyme and a component (Complex II) of the respiratory chain in aerobic cells. (lu.se)
  • These factors are important for adhesion and injection of proteins into the host cell, invasion of the bacteria and binding of iron from red blood cells. (kenyon.edu)
  • Second, it exhibits a tendency to invade and persist in the human host through inhibition of programmed cell death. (mgc.ac.cn)
  • Neuro-2A cells, acting as the model host cell for neuronal cells, are grown and infected with L. monocytogenes pre-exposed to anaerobic or aerobic conditions for different lengths of time. (udayton.edu)
  • In this free swimming attack form after searching for prey using its pili, it burrows through the host outer membrane/ peptidoglycan cell wall and enters the periplasmic space . (eol.org)
  • This bdelloplast is created as the host cell is modified to become spherical in shape. (eol.org)
  • The host cell is then rapidly killed allowing the passage of molecules from the interior of the host cytoplasm through to the periplasm freely, and the periplasm dwelling Bdellovibrio to feed. (eol.org)
  • [2] Using some of these molecules the Bdellovibrio creates a protective environment by reinforcing the peptidoglycan cell wall of the host in which it now dwells using amidases and transpeptidases . (eol.org)
  • This study investigated the effectiveness of bio-augmenting aerobic cell culture to mitigate ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emission in sewage sludge composting amended with reed straw (with the weight ratio of 1:0.3-0.4). (researchsquare.com)
  • This process starts with one single bacterium cell that duplicates its DNA before pulling itself apart into two separate cells with identical genetic material. (dane101.com)
  • Its chief function as a superior biological filter that hosts both aerobic and anaerobic nitrifying bacteria required for the nitrogen cycle that processes waste does wonders to all reef tanks. (reefland.com)
  • Global responses in both bacteria included competition for nitrogen sources, amino acids and increased tRNA levels. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Carbon and nitrogen sources as well as iron are essential nutrients, which are often limited in the host. (biomedcentral.com)