Host cross infection. Medical search. Frequent questions

Our study demonstrates that although Omicron variants are able to enhance cross-neutralizing antibody levels in pre-immune individuals, primary infections with BA.1 or BA.2 induced mostly variant-specific neutralizing antibodies, emphasizing the differently shaped humoral immunity induced by the two Omicron variants. (frontiersin.org)
The rapid increase in Omicron BA.2 infections, which has recently replaced BA.1 as the dominant variant 2 ( 6 ), indicates that it is more transmissible than BA.1 ( 7 ) and/or may escape antibody-mediated immunity, potentially including the protection gained from Omicron BA.1 infections ( 8 , 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
1.A. Characterize virus-host interactions and determine innate and adaptive immune pathways that contribute to PRRSV disease susceptibility or immunity to inform the development of highly effective vaccines against very virulent strains. (usda.gov)
2.B. Investigate and develop vaccine platforms that induce broadly cross-protective immune responses against PEDV, override PEDV vaccine interference from passively acquired immunity, and rapidly adapt to new and emerging porcine coronaviruses. (usda.gov)
Development of vaccines that provide better cross-protective immunity than what is currently available with today's vaccines will be approached through vaccine vector platform development, attenuated strains for vaccines and other novel technologies. (usda.gov)
9 , 11-13 Pathogen response is divided into two phases: the first phase is an inflammatory reaction, which provides protection against the immediate effects of the infection, and the second phase involves the development of immunity to the pathogen. (bmj.com)
I highly doubt there is any cross immunity with common cold viruses and Covid -19. (audioholics.com)
While cross-reactive immunity between human coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to host protection, validating evidences are still scarce. (audioholics.com)
We leveraged the genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse panel in conjunction with a library of Mtb mutants to create a resource for associating bacterial genetic requirements with host genetics and immunity. (elifesciences.org)
By cross-reactive, I mean that they share surface structures that allow immunization from the seasonal flu to provide some partial immunity from COVID-19. (acsh.org)
The Malaysian woman in- of millions of Muslims for religious Indonesia: first the assumed lack of pop- fected had recently visited her daughter, tourism at Mecca, and 6 weeks ago, with ulation immunity among Indonesians a resident in Singapore, who also tested the completion of the 2016 annual Hajj can be expected to lead to significant positive for Zika infection. (who.int)

When the Zika epidemic spread through the American continent and then later to Africa and Asia in 2015, researchers compared the characteristics of the Zika infection to Dengue, considering both these viruses were transmitted primarily through the same vector, the Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. (frontiersin.org)
Meanwhile, the cross-reactivity of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells response to Dengue and Zika viruses provide important clues for further development of potential treatments. (frontiersin.org)
Together, this information appraises the current understanding of both Zika and Dengue infections, providing insights for future vaccine design approaches against both viruses. (frontiersin.org)
Our interests range from classical human pathogens to emerging viruses and arboviruses, with research areas covering antiviral responses, virus-host interactions, molecular virology, structural virology, clinical virology, vector-biology and virus discovery. (gla.ac.uk)
Recently, Liying has been involved in a new project to investigate cross-kingdom virus infections using insect, plant and fungal viruses. (apsnet.org)
Transmission of influenza viruses into the human population requires surmounting biological barriers to cross-species infection," says biochemist Jennifer Doudna, the principal investigator for this research. (scienceblog.com)
The processes regulating emergence of viruses into the human population involve a complex interplay between virus and host," Doudna says, "and understanding the mechanisms by which influenza viruses acquire the ability to infect multiple species is imperative to controlling future outbreaks. (scienceblog.com)
A key approach in the study of disease pathogenesis is to better understand the host response to viral infection to various viruses. (usda.gov)
Bats are also recognized as hosts for a number of viruses that can cross the species barrier and cause serious infections in people, such as Marburg virus, coronavirus, and rabies. (cdc.gov)
Majority of influenza A viruses reside and circulate among animal populations, seldom infecting humans due to host range restriction. (springer.com)
Understanding and predicting host tropism of influenza proteins lay an important foundation for future work in constructing computation models capable of directly predicting interspecies transmission of influenza viruses. (springer.com)
Most influenza A viruses are restricted to their host species, having limited capability to cross species barrier and infect a new host. (springer.com)
This is highlighted by confirmed cases of human infections by highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses, and more recently, the H7N9 outbreak in China [ 5 ]. (springer.com)
Cross-reaction between group B viruses makes it difficult to interpret serum surveys in North Queensland. (cdc.gov)

As the heavily mutated spike protein enables neutralization escape, we studied serum-neutralizing activities of naïve and vaccinated individuals after Omicron BA.1 or BA.2 sub-lineage infections in live virus neutralization tests with Omicron BA.1, Omicron BA.2, wildtype (WT, B1.1), and Delta (B.1.617.2) strains. (frontiersin.org)
We need to find out just how common rotavirus infection is in bats, and if similar natural reassortment strains exist in bats in other regions of the world. (cdc.gov)
During the recent H1N1 influenza pandemic, excess morbidity and mortality was seen in young but not older adults suggesting that prior infection with influenza strains may have protected older subjects. (duke.edu)
Further understanding and determining host tropism would be important in identifying zoonotic influenza virus strains capable of crossing species barrier and infecting humans. (springer.com)
In addition, features from all 11 proteins were used to construct a combined model to predict host tropism of influenza virus strains. (springer.com)
When used together as a host tropism prediction system, zoonotic strains could potentially be identified based on different protein prediction results. (springer.com)
Species barrier limits influenza strains from freely infecting different host organisms as they must overcome host range restriction to adapt to a new host. (springer.com)
We report that CC strains vary dramatically in their susceptibility to infection and produce qualitatively distinct immune states. (elifesciences.org)
Strains of group A streptococci that are heavily encapsulated and rich in M protein (signifying virulence in streptococcal strains) seem to be most likely to result in infection. (medscape.com)

Despite revised clinical classifications of dengue infections by the World Health Organization, the wide spectrum of the manifestations of dengue illness continues to pose challenges in diagnosis and patient management for clinicians. (frontiersin.org)
An important difference to note, however, was that the Zika epidemic diffused in a shorter time span compared to the persisting feature of Dengue infections, which is endemic in many Asian countries. (frontiersin.org)
This review discusses similarities between Dengue and Zika infections, comparing their disease transmissions and vectors involved, and both the innate and adaptive immune responses in these infections. (frontiersin.org)
Consideration of the genetic identity of both the Dengue and Zika flaviviruses as well as the cross-reactivity of relevant T cells along with the actions of CD4+ cytotoxic cells in these infections are also presented. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, a summary of the immune biomarkers that have been reported for dengue and Zika viral infections are discussed which may be useful indicators for future anti-viral targets or predictors for disease severity. (frontiersin.org)
Dengue infection is caused by the dengue virus that belongs to the family Flaviviridae . (mims.com)
In Indonesia, other arbovi- wider region of Asia is on high alert for lers, including from Singapore, Malaysia ral infections (e.g. dengue and chikun- potential transmission of the virus to the and neighbouring Indonesia, the most gunya) are commonly encountered, Arabian Peninsula. (who.int)
borne infections, most notably dengue threatened. (who.int)
A further 6 mil- it is easy to see how even today Zika cases of dengue fever were notified to lion Muslims attend Umrah, the minor infection can progress rapidly within the Ministry of Health, suggesting Zika pilgrimage, most often performed in this populous country undetected. (who.int)

Fungal plant pathogens can be classified as biotrophs, necrotrophs or hemibiotrophs based on their life-style and interaction with the host. (nature.com)
Hemibiotrophic fungi represent the most interesting group of pathogens since they use sequential biotrophic and necrotrophic infection strategies to invade and colonize host plants 1 . (nature.com)
Phytohormone signaling involving JA, ET or SA is an integral component of multilayered host-defense system against plethora of fungal pathogens. (nature.com)
Our publication in PLoS Pathogens (2014) demonstrated that infection of conventional DCs with MVA, leads to the induction of type I IFN production that is dependent on the cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) and its adaptor STING (stimulator of IFN genes). (mskcc.org)
The focus of the group is on the evolutionary and population genomics of bacterial plant pathogens, host-pathogen coevolutionary arms races and disease emergence on agricultural crops. (apsnet.org)
Natural antibodies (Abs) can target host glycans on the surface of pathogens. (duke.edu)
Concurrent HCI and infection with other canine pathogens is common. (vin.com)

Vertebrate animals play an integral role in the life cycle of tick species, whereas humans are incidental hosts. (cdc.gov)
Rotaviruses can be zoonotic, that is, become an infection that is passed from animals to humans. (cdc.gov)
Humans and monkeys are the amplifying hosts after the mosquito bite. (mims.com)
Fortunately, Anthrax is not an infectious agent that utilizes humans as a host to spread infection in an uncontrollable manner. (clickpress.com)

Zika virus infection can also be enhanced by DENV antibodies in vitro ( 17 , 18 ) and in mice ( 19 ). (cdc.gov)
Environment Agency confirmed a the leap to Indonesia, the world's fourth cluster of new infections related to the Zika virus and most populated country (247 million), Zika virus. (who.int)
Malaysia detected in Jeddah in 1994 and Aedes are certainly fortunate that this year Hajj documented its first Zika infection the aegypti was implicated ( 4,5 ). (who.int)
As Zika is pilgrimage, the country had received a widespread acute infections among all surging at this key international hub, the total of 1 325 372 international travel- ages groups. (who.int)
Should Zika impact Indo- difficult or delayed and matters could land, is well acquainted with mosquito- nesia, Saudi Arabia will be particularly be further complicated by co-infection. (who.int)

Her research focuses on the evolution and diversity of fungal threats to plants and people with interests in the genetic basis of disease emergence and host specialization, the evolution of fungicide resistance and fungal mating systems, and the taxonomy and systematics of fungi causing emerging plant diseases. (apsnet.org)
Invasive fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida species, are common in hospitalized, immunocompromised, or critically ill patients and are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. (mims.com)

Monitors the behavior of malicious processes and scans them once they decloak, allowing for effective infection prevention, even from heavily obfuscated malware. (eset.com)
[ 5 ] Although enormous progress has recently been made in defining and characterizing the molecular biology, immunology, and antiviral therapeutic targets for CMV, considerable work remains in devising strategies for prevention of CMV infection and in understanding the role of specific viral genes in pathogenesis. (medscape.com)
UNHCR continues to support authorities in affected countries, where needed, by providing medicine, medical equipment and supplies to strengthen national infection prevention and healthcare response. (who.int)
UNHCR has continued to provide its direct support to national health systems in order to strengthen infection prevention and healthcare responses, including through the provision of medical equipment and supplies and training of health personnel. (who.int)
Because the inciting infection is completely treatable, attention has been refocused on prevention. (medscape.com)

HAP is a common nosocomial bacterial infection and is most prevalent in medical and surgical intensive care units (ICUs). (medscape.com)
Anthrax bacterial infection can be transmitted in three forms: cutaneous (skin), inhalation, and gastrointestinal. (clickpress.com)
Lymphangitis Lymphangitis is acute bacterial infection (usually streptococcal) of peripheral lymphatic channels. (msdmanuals.com)

The waxy cuticle of most leaves, the exoskeleton of insects, the shells and membranes of externally deposited eggs, and skin are examples of mechanical barriers that are the first line of defense against infection. (wikipedia.org)
Results also show that as the pathogen switched its strategy of infection, the host tailored its defense strategy to meet the changing situation. (nature.com)
A total of twenty genes functioning in different aspects of plant defense that were monitored over a time course during the changing infection phases showed a coordinated response. (nature.com)
Most importantly this defense response was more prompt in the resistant than the susceptible host indicating that a resistant host makes different choices from a susceptible host during infection which ultimately influences the severity of the disease. (nature.com)
The lifestyle of a pathogen often dictates the host's defense strategy and the pathogen may even manipulate hormonal cross-talk for successful colonization 14 . (nature.com)
By looking at both sides of the host-pathogen interaction equation, we hope to provide comprehensive insights into host defense mechanisms and bacterial pathogenesis. (nih.gov)
The development of infectious diseases occurs because of a lack of balance between the capacity of immunological defense of the host and the virulence of the pathogenic microorganism 4 . (bvsalud.org)

Almost half of that number, mostly children and women, face serious health hazards due to poor hygienic conditions, in addition to severe hot weather which has increased ARI (Acute Respiratory Infection), gastro infections, skin and other water borne diseases. (dawn.com)
Medical Superintendent of District Headquarters Hospital Bannu, Dr Nazir Ahmed says that the hospital OPD treated at least 77 IDP patients with gastro and Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) on Friday while the number was around the same on Saturday. (dawn.com)
There are numerous medical complications associated with Campylobacter infection, many of which have a worse prognosis than the acute infection itself. (marlerclark.com)
Following an outbreak of infection with Campylobacter and Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) caused by contaminated water, some studies have reported an increased risk of IBS among those who had had a greater length of diarrhea, dysentery, and abdominal cramps during the acute phase of the disease. (marlerclark.com)
In recent years, some studies have strengthened a hypothesis of an association between IBD and acute diarrheal infection caused by Campylobacter . (marlerclark.com)
The first studies that described such a possible association between acute infection and inflammatory bowel disease date back to the '90s. (marlerclark.com)
Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a sequela of streptococcal infection-typically following two to three weeks after group A streptococcal pharyngitis-that occurs most commonly in children and has rheumatologic, cardiac, and neurologic manifestations. (medscape.com)
Tonsillopharyngitis Tonsillopharyngitis is acute infection of the pharynx, palatine tonsils, or both. (msdmanuals.com)
Singapore is that over the first 9 months every Hajj, where approximately 2-3 toms during most acute infections, of 2016 a cumulative total of 12 032 million Muslims gather. (who.int)

We phenotyped 371 mice from 66 CC lines for a susceptibility to Aspergillus fumigatus infection. (hal.science)
Given the host susceptibility and correct environmental conditions, Acanthamoeba can cause granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), a fatal central nervous system (CNS) infection that occurs in immunocompromised patients ( 7 - 10 , 11 , 19 ). (asm.org)

So this meeting will examine emerging data relating to macrophage interactions with the immune system during HIV infection, macrophage reservoirs and approaches to their elimination, and the involvement of CNS myeloid reservoirs and associated comorbidities. (nih.gov)
Her research interests include studies of virus-host interactions and virus-vector interactions. (apsnet.org)
This RFA, Environment/Infection/Gene Interactions in Autoimmune Diseases, is related to one or more of the priority areas. (nih.gov)
Both immunological and bacterial traits can be associated with genetic variants distributed across the mouse genome, making the CC a unique population for identifying specific host-pathogen genetic interactions that influence pathogenesis. (elifesciences.org)

Secondary DENV infections can be more severe than primary infections because of antibody-dependent enhancement (i.e., heterotypic subneutralizing antibodies enhancing virus entry into poorly susceptible cells) ( 15 , 16 ). (cdc.gov)
Using live virus assays with an ancestral wildtype (WT) strain and three VOCs (Delta, Omicron BA.1, Omicron BA.2), we found that infections with Omicron variants boostered cross-neutralizing antibodies in pre-immune individuals. (frontiersin.org)
Infection can lead to the development of cross-reacting antibodies that cause nerve damage. (marlerclark.com)
The Miller Fisher variant of GBS is thought to be caused by antibodies that cross react with Campylobacter lipopolysaccharide and ganglioside GQib in cranial nerve myelin. (marlerclark.com)
Additional host factors seem to be important, since not all patients who develop antibodies to GMi ganglioside develop neurologic symptoms. (marlerclark.com)
H3N2 influenza infection elicits more cross-reactive and less clonally expanded anti-hemagglutinin antibodies than influenza vaccination. (duke.edu)
Cross-Reactive Antibodies With the Capacity to Mediate HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein-Targeted ADCC Identified in HIV-2-Infected Individuals. (lu.se)
Thus, this suggests that preexisting antibodies triggered by HIV-2 might contribute to control of HIV-1 during dual infection. (lu.se)

Serum samples were collected from non-vaccinated patients hospitalized after a SARS-CoV-2 WT infection between March and November 2020 (before the emergence of VOCs) ( Table S1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Implementation of a Pooled Surveillance Testing Program for Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections on a College Campus - Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, August 2-October 11, 2020. (duke.edu)

The risk for infection with MDR organisms appears to depend much more on specific risk factors of the given patient than on contact with various aspects of the healthcare system. (medscape.com)
Although the mechanism by which streptococcal organisms cause disease is not entirely clear, overwhelming epidemiologic evidence suggests that ARF is caused by streptococcal infection, and recurrences can be prevented with prophylaxis. (medscape.com)
Enterococcal Infections Enterococci are gram-positive, facultative anaerobic organisms. (msdmanuals.com)

The main pathways of transmission were hypothesised to be contact with the definitive host, contaminated water, contaminated food and contaminated environment (other than food). (uzh.ch)
Our results suggest that the use of face masks at the population level can delay an influenza pandemic, decrease the infection attack rate, and may reduce transmission sufficiently to contain the pandemic. (acsh.org)
Although patients with tuberculosis also generate larger particles containing numerous bacilli, these particles do not serve as effective vehicles for transmission of infection because they do not remain airborne, and if inhaled, do not reach alveoli. (cdc.gov)
Animal Models, Zoonotic Reservoirs, and Cross-Species Transmission of Emerging Human-Infecting Coronaviruses. (cdc.gov)
Infection control practices are established to create and maintain a safe clinical environment to eliminate or minimize disease transmission during patient treatment 2-3,5-6 . (bvsalud.org)

Malaria infection was highest at low elevations, moderate at mid elevations, and limited in high-elevation forests. (usgs.gov)
Our study indicates that hatch-year birds may have greater malaria infection and/or fatality rates than adults. (usgs.gov)
We have established the controlled human malaria infection platform in Kilifi Kenya and furthermore, an enteric, Shigella , human infection model will be established and an establishment of an induced blood-stage malaria infection model within the same setting. (kemri-wellcome.org)

It may have recently crossed the species barrier from the coyote or another wild mammalian host to the domestic dog. (vin.com)
With the huge influenza A virus reservoir in wild birds, it is a cause for concern when a new influenza strain emerges with the ability to cross host species barrier, as shown in light of the recent H7N9 outbreak in China. (springer.com)

As the pathogenesis of viral illnesses is affected by host immune responses, various immune modulators have been proposed as biomarkers to predict the risk of the disease progression to a severe form, at a much earlier stage of the illness. (frontiersin.org)
To examine host cell responses to HCV infection, biologists have utilized conventionalhigh throughput (HTS) techniques, such as gene or proteomic expression profiling. (nature.com)
These data thus contribute substantially to the understanding of antibody responses induced by primary Omicron infections or multiple exposures to different SARS-CoV-2 variants and are of particular importance for developing vaccination strategies in the light of future emerging variants. (frontiersin.org)
While Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is responsible for all the host transcriptional responses to LPS, recent discoveries have revealed the existence of several TLR4-independent responses to LPS. (nih.gov)
What is the mechanistic link between infections, immune reactions and their microenvironment, inflammatory responses and central nervous system disorders, including neurodegenerative disease, and how can we use this information to better understand and treat these disorders? (mdc-berlin.de)
At country level, UNHCR is working with partners such as the Red Cross/Red Crescent movement to enhance preparedness and response in support of national responses. (who.int)

Serum samples obtained after WT infections and three-dose mRNA vaccinations with and without prior infection were included as controls. (frontiersin.org)
Some preliminary studies show cross-reactivity, so the increase in seasonal flu vaccinations still cannot account for the large difference we see. (acsh.org)

Interferons are produced by a wide variety of cells in response to the presence of double-stranded RNA , a key indicator of viral infection. (wikidoc.org)
Interferons assist the immune response by inhibiting viral replication within host cells, activating natural killer cells, increasing antigen presentation to lymphocytes, and inducing the resistance of host cells to viral infection. (wikidoc.org)

Welcome to the Macrophage Infection of HIV Implications for Pathogenesis and Cure meeting, jointly organized by the National Institute of Mental Health and the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard. (nih.gov)
This research on comparative host transcriptomics will provide insights on viral pathogenesis and possible virulence factors that will enable rational design of more effective vaccines and target possible novel intervention strategies. (usda.gov)

In March 2021, the spread of infection decreased in China but increased globally, mainly in Europe. (benthamscience.com)

Global analysis of Mtb transposon mutant fitness (TnSeq) across the CC panel revealed that many virulence pathways are only required in specific host microenvironments, identifying a large fraction of the pathogen's genome that has been maintained to ensure fitness in a diverse population. (elifesciences.org)
Lancefield groups K through V are streptococcal species of limited virulence that can cause infections in people who are immunocompromised. (msdmanuals.com)
Many streptococci elaborate virulence factors, including streptolysins, DNAases, and hyaluronidase , which contribute to tissue destruction and spread of infection. (msdmanuals.com)

The immune system protects its host from infection with layered defenses of increasing specificity. (wikipedia.org)
The development of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) represents an imbalance between normal host defenses and the ability of microorganisms to colonize and then invade the lower respiratory tract. (medscape.com)
One important strategy for studying these dynamic but highly regulated host defenses is to observe gene expression patterns in the host 5 . (nature.com)

Supported by model analyses, our results suggest that multitypic DENV infection may protect from, rather than enhance, development of CZS. (cdc.gov)

About 10% of infants with congenital infection have clinical evidence of disease at birth. (medscape.com)
But cross-cultural awareness is vital to effective history taking and clinical examination. (wits.ac.za)
Only 3% of the seropositive dogs had detectable blood gamonts and only 1% had severe clinical signs associated with the infection. (vin.com)
Modulation of gut microbiota with probiotics has been studied in a wide range of clinical settings, in the hope of achieving health benefits in the host. (mims.com)
Group A Streptococcus is thought to cause the myriad of clinical diseases in which the host's immunologic response to bacterial antigens cross-react with various target organs in the body, resulting in molecular mimicry. (medscape.com)
However, the cross-contamination can occur since there is the contact with patient´ saliva and blood in dental radiology clinical routine 5 . (bvsalud.org)

At the end of December 2019, patients were diagnosed with a pneumonialike infection in the Wuhan wholesale market of seafood, Hubei Province, China. (benthamscience.com)

The disease is endemic in at least 100 countries in the tropics and subtropics with 50 - 100 million infections and 22,000 deaths yearly, causing it to be the leading cause of illness and death in these regions (Waggoner et al. (frontiersin.org)
This involves developing and/or establishing tools and models to identify, characterise, understand, and evaluate vaccines, particularly the controlled human infection models, in disease endemic populations. (kemri-wellcome.org)

Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. (wikipedia.org)
CD4+ T type 1 cells with an activated and exhausted phenotype distinguish immunodeficiency during aviremic HIV-2 infection. (lu.se)
By flow cytometry and advanced bioinformatics we reveal that CD4+ T cells with an activated /exhausted phenotype distinguish immunodeficiency during aviremic HIV-2 infection. (lu.se)

Identifying such mutations is a key to preventing influenza pandemics or devising new vaccines against infections. (scienceblog.com)
3.D. Evaluate SVA new vaccine platforms and determine whether vaccines against SVA will cross-react with FMDV or interfere with FMDV serological surveillance. (usda.gov)
A descriptive cross-sectional design was used for this study with the Immunization) was an integral part of early control efforts aid of semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire to after which polio vaccines were used for routine assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of mothers of under- immunization programs. (who.int)

Disrupting polymerase function can stop the virus from replicating and thereby reduce the spread and severity of an infection. (scienceblog.com)

The objective of thisapplication is to determine the temporal and spatial spread of inoculum PrPSc in the host following naturalroutes of inoculation to identify the pathways of prion spread and neuroinvasion. (usda.gov)
However, the host intracellular signaling pathways and the molecular mechanisms associated with Acanthamoeba -mediated HBMEC cytotoxicity have not been determined. (asm.org)

We found that high levels of pre-existing T cells, created by the body when infected with other human coronaviruses like the common cold, can protect against COVID-19 infection. (audioholics.com)

They propose to develop cross-sectoral guidelines for outbreak reporting. (escmid.org)
Given the very high movement of truck drivers in the region and health vulnerabilities associated with such work, including sub-optimal access to healthcare services, there is concern that, unless properly handled, the commercial corridors in East and Southern Africa (ESA) will become one of the main routes of cross-border propagation of the COVID-19 outbreak in the region. (who.int)

The outcome of an encounter with Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) depends on the pathogen's ability to adapt to the variable immune pressures exerted by the host. (elifesciences.org)
The ATS-CDC recommendations are contained, for the most part, in three official joint statements: 'Diagnostic Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis,' 'Treatment of Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in Adults and Children,' and 'Control of Tuberculosis. (cdc.gov)
The development of specific chemotherapeutic agents has revolutionized the prognosis of tuberculosis and tuberculous infection, making tuberculosis truly curable and preventable. (cdc.gov)

The objective of this cross-sectional analysis was to assess the association between alcohol intake and prevalent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among US men enrolled in the HPV in Men ( HIM ) study using quantitative alcohol intake measured from a Food Frequency Questionnaire. (bmj.com)
The fourth quartile of alcohol intake was associated with elevated risks for prevalent HPV infection across all strata of number of sexual partners and among never-smokers and current smokers, but not among former smokers. (bmj.com)
Conclusions These results demonstrate that high intake of alcohol is associated with an increased risk for prevalent HPV infections among men. (bmj.com)

However, determining the dynamics of wildlife diseases and understanding the impact on host populations is a significant challenge. (usgs.gov)
The first is to strengthen health systems to serve both host populations and internal migrants most effectively. (wits.ac.za)
The upside is that, if addressed effectively, both host and migrant populations will benefit. (wits.ac.za)

2.A. Identify and characterize factors that determine coronavirus tissue and cellular tropism and adaptation to swine hosts. (usda.gov)

Both infect cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and cause lifelong infections. (mdpi.com)
The meeting will also highlight recent work on macrophage inflammation in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and work from recently-funded NIMH, NIDA, and NINDS investigators. (nih.gov)

Poultry and human infections. (escmid.org)

Akran Wazir from Dattakhel who was visiting the District Headquarters Hospital for treatment had a severe heat stroke, while his children were also suffering from gastro infection. (dawn.com)
He further said around 250 to 300 patients have also been treated by the PIMS doctors at the District Headquarters Hospital for gastro and ARI infections, adding the other hospital are also receiving patients for similar ailments due to severe hot weather and poor hygienic conditions. (dawn.com)
Clinically, H. canis infection (HCI) varies between being asymptomatic in dogs with a low parasitemia, to a severe disease with anemia, profound lethargy and cachexia in dogs with a large number of circulating parasites. (vin.com)
An asymptomatic to mild disease is the most common presentation of the infection and it is usually associated with a low level of H. canis parasitemia (1-5 %), while a severe illness is found in dogs with a high parasitemia often approaching 100% of the peripheral blood neutrophils. (vin.com)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of chronic liver disease thatcurrently affects at least 170 million people worldwide. (nature.com)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of liver transplantation in theUnited States and almost 80% of patients suffer a persistent chronic infection thatresults in fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. (nature.com)
One way in which an influenza virus surmounts biological barriers to cross-species infection is through a mutational change in its polymerase, the enzyme that enables the virus to replicate. (scienceblog.com)
When a host is infected with an influenza virus, the polymerase enables the virus to multiply in the host's cells by making copies of the viral genome and directing production of its proteins. (scienceblog.com)
That is, people get sick with rotavirus infection after putting something in their mouth that has been contaminated with fecal material containing the virus. (cdc.gov)
All classes of interferon are very important in fighting RNA virus infections. (wikidoc.org)
This prevents viral replication and inhibits normal cell ribosome function, killing both the virus and the host cell if the response is active for a sufficient amount of time. (wikidoc.org)
Dr Rhia Kundu, first author of the study, from Imperial's National Heart & Lung Institute, says: "Being exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus doesn't always result in infection, and we've been keen to understand why. (audioholics.com)
indicating the virus had already crossed the city ( 6 ). (who.int)

Infection with CMV is ubiquitous and generally asymptomatic in healthy children and adults. (medscape.com)

So on day one, Session 1 will focus on macrophages and the immune system during HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection, Session 2 will focus on challenges to study HIV/SIV reservoirs, and Session 3 will really have the highlights from recent awardees of the NIMH/NINDS/NIDA Myeloid Reservoir RFA. (nih.gov)

In this review, we highlight past and recent discoveries on host LPS sensing mechanisms and discuss bacterial countermeasures that promote infection. (nih.gov)

The HolesWarm malware is a cross-platform crypto-miner threat that has managed to compromise over a thousand cloud hosts in just a couple of months. (enigmasoftware.com)

Infection Control in Primary Dental Care: The Microbiology and Pathology of Infection Control in. (deepdyve.com)
Infection Control in Primary Dental Care The Microbiology and Pathology of Infection Control in Dentistry %22&body=%0AI%20found%20an%20article%20you%20might%20be%20interested%20in. (deepdyve.com)

Are seasonal flu and COVID-19 cross-reactive? (acsh.org)
A key aim this year is to support ongoing efforts to protect some 70 million displaced people from COVID-19 infection. (who.int)
This frequent and close contacts with other people during the journey has the potential to expose them to contaminated items and risk of COVID infection in addition to pose an additional threat for the spread of the epidemic within countries. (who.int)

Cranial CT scan of infant born with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection. (medscape.com)

Age-related changes in the nasopharyngeal microbiome are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptoms among children, adolescents, and young adults. (duke.edu)
However, their presence also accounts for some of the host symptoms, such as sore muscles and fever. (wikidoc.org)

H. americanum induces a violent course of disease in experimentally and naturally occurring infection. (vin.com)

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis due to Acanthamoeba castellanii is a serious human infection with fatal consequences, but it is not clear how the circulating amoebae interact with the blood-brain barrier and transmigrate into the central nervous system. (asm.org)

Accelerated SARS-CoV-2 intrahost evolution leading to distinct genotypes during chronic infection. (cdc.gov)

The biological role that alcohol plays in genital HPV infection remains understudied and limited epidemiological data exist, especially among men. (bmj.com)

We combined multi-state capture-recapture (longitudinal) models with cumulative age-prevalence (cross-sectional) models to evaluate these patterns in Apapane, Hawai'i Amakihi, and Iiwi in low-, mid-, and high-elevation forests on the island of Hawai'i based on four longitudinal studies of 3-7 years in length. (usgs.gov)
Multivariable prevalence ratios (mPRs) were used to assess the association between alcohol intake and HPV infections. (bmj.com)

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