AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Phospholipase DPhospholipases A2ProstaglandinsProstaglandins EProstaglandins FPhospholipases ADinoprostoneType C PhospholipasesPhospholipasesProstaglandin D2Prostaglandins AReceptors, Prostaglandin EProstaglandin AntagonistsHormonesReceptors, ProstaglandinPhospholipase C gammaProstaglandins DPhosphoinositide Phospholipase CPhospholipase C betaPhospholipase A2 InhibitorsDinoprostProstaglandin-Endoperoxide SynthasesReceptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 SubtypeReceptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 SubtypeIndomethacinAlprostadilThyroid HormonesArachidonic AcidFollicle Stimulating HormoneReceptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 SubtypeLuteinizing HormoneProstaglandins, SyntheticProstaglandins E, SyntheticProstaglandins HPhospholipases A1Cyclooxygenase 2IsoenzymesReceptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 SubtypeArachidonic AcidsGroup IV Phospholipases A2Phospholipase C deltaReceptors, Phospholipase A2Parathyroid HormoneProstaglandin H2Prostaglandin EndoperoxidesGroup II Phospholipases A2Intramolecular OxidoreductasesGonadotropin-Releasing HormoneCyclooxygenase InhibitorsPhosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-LyaseGonadal Steroid HormonesEnzyme ActivationPhosphatidic AcidsCalciumCells, CulturedCyclooxygenase 1PhosphatidylinositolsPhospholipases A2, SecretorySignal TransductionProstaglandins F, SyntheticAdrenocorticotropic HormoneEstrenesKineticsProstaglandins BLysophospholipaseReceptors, Thyroid HormoneEpoprostenolHuman Growth HormoneProstaglandins GProstaglandin Endoperoxides, SyntheticDose-Response Relationship, DrugCell LineQuinacrineGroup VI Phospholipases A2DiglyceridesProgesteroneCyclic AMPGlycerophospholipidsPyrrolidinonesHydroxyprostaglandin DehydrogenasesPituitary HormonesMolecular Sequence Data6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alphaEicosanoidsRNA, MessengerInositol PhosphatesCytosolThromboxane B2Enzyme InhibitorsPhospholipidsPhospholipases A2, CytosolicProtein Kinase CTime FactorsPhosphatidylcholinesEstradiolCattleHydrolysis1-ButanolMeclofenamic AcidAmino Acid Sequence
Arachidonic acidLeukotrienesCytokinesInhibitsCyclooxygenaseInflammationProteinsHistamineReceptorsActivateProteinAnti-inflammatoryProteolyticRenin-AngiotIntracellularStimulatesLipoxygenaseSteroid hormonesLigandsRegulatePhospholipidsTumorCompoundsFattyProgesteroneConvertsCortisolMutationsRenalNeuronsInhibitionBiologicalActivityEncodesOrgansCellsReleaseGene
Arachidonic acid10
Leukotrienes5
  • Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are lipid-based cellular hormones that regulate hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and other intracellular pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • The antiinflammatory actions of dexamethasone are thought to involve phospholipase A 2 inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. (illnesshacker.com)
  • Such proteins include lipocortin, a protein known to inhibit PLA2a and thereby block the synthesis of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and PAF. (illnesshacker.com)
  • Receptor antagonists of inflammatory mediators on cells: it is characterized in that it does not inhibit the production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, but exerts anti-inflammatory and anti allergic effects through competitive binding with cellular receptors. (enlitisa.com)
  • These reactions lead to hydroxy products (HETE) via reduction by glutathion peroxidases, leukotrienes (LT) via isomerisation and dehydration, prostaglandins (PG), dihydroperoxy compounds (DiHpETE) and lipoxines (Lx) by isomerisation. (gerli.com)
Cytokines4
  • Glucocorticoids also inhibit the production of other mediators including AA metabolites such as COX, cytokines, the interleukins, adhesion molecules, and enzymes such as collagenase. (illnesshacker.com)
  • The inflammatory process in asthma involves the increased expression of various pro-inflammatory chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, lipid mediators, adhesion molecules, enzymes, and receptors for the same inflammatory mediators 21 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Those pro-inflammatory, called M1, which once activated synthesize inflammatory cytokines (IL1 and TNF), lysosomal enzymes and ROS. (aesthetic.events)
  • The expression of ANXA4 can be regulated by various factors, including cellular differentiation, hormones, and cytokines. (creativebiomart.net)
Inhibits6
  • Etoricoxib is considered a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that selectively inhibits COX-2, predominantly produced during inflammation, thereby inhibiting prostaglandin production and release. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cortisol promotes conservation of glucose to maintain the activity of glyconeogenic enzymes in the liver, and inhibits glucose utilization in the peripheral tissues. (medium.com)
  • The inactivation of cyclooxygenase inhibits production of prostaglandins fungal infection. (esupport.ws)
  • Aspirin therapy its irreversible inactivation of cyclooxygenase inhibits production of prostaglandins and. (esupport.ws)
  • Considered essential for the stabilization of biological membranes (especially those with high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids), d-alpha-Tocopherol is a potent peroxyl radical scavenger and inhibits noncompetitively cyclooxygenase activity in many tissues, resulting in a decrease in prostaglandin production. (medindex.am)
  • This agent is a potent peroxyl radical scavenger and inhibits noncompetitively cyclooxygenase activity in many tissues, resulting in a decrease in prostaglandin production. (medindex.am)
Cyclooxygenase3
  • With the hope for reduction of the cyclooxygenase ( COX ) enzyme hope for reduction of cyclooxygenase. (esupport.ws)
  • Both can also be oxidized by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase, generating prostaglandins, ethanolamines, and several other intermediate subproducts [ 21 , 22 ]. (irjournal.org)
  • This article reviews the anti-inflammatory relative and anti-infectious effects of Evodia rutaecarpa and its major bioactive components and the involvement of the nitric oxide synthases, cyclooxygenase, NADPH oxidase, nuclear factor kappa B, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, reactive oxygen species, prostaglandins, tumor necrosis factor, LIGHT, amyloid protein and orexigenic neuropeptides. (biomedcentral.com)
Inflammation1
  • It is highly concentrated in certain plant oils and has been reported to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin resulting in reduced inflammation and prevention of certain chronic diseases. (medindex.am)
Proteins2
  • Once activated, G-proteins on the inside of the cell get activated and can either stimulate or inhibit enzymes that produce second messengers. (greek.doctor)
  • Coupled with influx of extracellular calcium, Rut produced the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect by activation of endothelium NOS and release of NO without pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi protein and other G proteins or phospholipase C activation being involved [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Histamine2
  • degradation of histamine is mediated by the enzyme diamine oxidase (DAO) and histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT), which catalyses histamine deamination [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • MCs can secrete nociceptor sensitizing and activating agents, such as serotonin, prostaglandins, histamine, and proteolytic enzymes that can also activate the pain-mediating transient receptor potential vanilloid channels. (frontiersin.org)
Receptors6
  • Specific steroid receptors in the cell cytoplasm bind to ligands for steroid hormone-receptor complexes that occsionally translocate to the cell nucleus. (bvsalud.org)
  • Secreted phospholipases A 2 (sPLA 2 s) participate in a very broad spectrum of biological processes through their enzymatic activity and as ligands for membrane and soluble receptors. (ijbs.com)
  • We demonstrate the presence in the human fetal testis of two key endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) and to a lower level anandamide (AEA), as well as a range of enzymes and receptors for the ECS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to the endocannabinoids and their receptors, this endocannabinoid system (thereafter called ECS) comprises synthesis and degradation enzymes and transporters [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is composed of the classic cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1R and CB2R, respectively), their endogenous ligands, namely endocannabinoids, and enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of these molecules [ 1 , 2 ]. (irjournal.org)
  • Steroid hormones can be grouped into five groups by the receptors to which they bind: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, and progestogens. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Activate3
  • The Gα subunit will then travel to a target enzyme and either activate it or inhibit it. (greek.doctor)
  • The presence of the species D will influence a catalyst (often an enzyme) that acts on one reaction leading to the formation of D. The presence of D can inhibit an enzyme responsible of the reaction or activate an enzyme inhibiting the reaction. (brussels-scientific.com)
  • This signalling occurs via a Gq protein, to activate phospholipase C and subsequently increase intracellular calcium. (teachmephysiology.com)
Protein1
  • Cortisol promotes hepatic protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis, and stimulates release of fatty acids from adipose tissue by maintaining the synthesis of hormone sensitive lipase. (medium.com)
Anti-inflammatory3
Proteolytic1
  • Renin is a proteolytic enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys in response to (1) sympathetic nervous system stimulation, (2) decreased renal perfusion pressure, and (3) decreases in the delivery of sodium to the distal convoluted renal tubules. (aneskey.com)
Renin-Angiot1
  • The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is a hormone system within the body that is essential for the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance. (teachmephysiology.com)
Intracellular2
  • The enzyme is activated by increased intracellular Ca2+ levels and phosphorylation, resulting in its translocation from the cytosol and nucleus to perinuclear membrane vesicles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adenyl Cyclase - A membrane-bound enzyme that converts adenosine monophosphate to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), an intracellular second messenger. (poisonfluoride.com)
Stimulates4
  • During the follicular phase, the ovaries mostly produce estrogen, a hormone that stimulates follicular growth and egg development. (miscarriagehopedesk.com)
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) also stimulates egg development, and the developing eggs stimulate estrogen. (miscarriagehopedesk.com)
  • Once estrogen is sufficiently high, it stimulates the pituitary to release a large amount of luteinizing hormone (LH) to trigger ovulation. (miscarriagehopedesk.com)
  • When you train (creating a stress) COX-2 is quickly synthesized which in turn strongly stimulates prostaglandin release. (infinitymuscle.com)
Lipoxygenase1
  • The plant C18 fatty acids, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, can be converted by the enzymes a -dioxygenase, 9- or 13-lipoxygenase, giving rise to a multitude of oxylipins. (gerli.com)
Steroid hormones1
  • NBS tests for more than 10 inborn errors of metabolism in dried blood spots (DBS) based on multiplexed mass spectrometry-based analysis of amino acids, acylcarnitines (ACs), and steroid hormones. (biocrates.com)
Ligands1
  • The physiological roles of sPLA 2 s as enzymes have been very well described, while their functions as ligands are still poorly known. (ijbs.com)
Regulate1
  • The hormones affect or regulate either a particular organ, a group of organs, metabolic function(s), or every cell of the body. (medium.com)
Phospholipids1
Tumor1
  • Further, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and arginine (Arg-1) in CIA rats were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (bvsalud.org)
Compounds1
Fatty1
Progesterone1
  • Progesterone is a sex steroid hormone produced mainly by the ovaries and the adrenal glands. (miscarriagehopedesk.com)
Converts2
  • This enzyme converts ATP to cAMP, a second messenger. (greek.doctor)
  • This enzyme converts a molecule called PIP 2 into DAG and IP 3 . (greek.doctor)
Cortisol3
  • Cortisol is a major glucocorticoid hormone synthesized in the cortex of adrenal glands. (medium.com)
  • 1 Hormones secreted in response to stress, particularly cortisol, also encourage fat deposition in problem areas. (lifeextension.com)
  • The causes of cellulite include the stress hormone cortisol, gender differences in fat storage, and metabolism in the top layer of fat and the structure of connective tissue in these areas, as well as fluid leakage from small capillaries in these areas. (lifeextension.com)
Mutations2
  • Un facteur stimulant : les mutations sur le gène FADS2 de la Δ6-désaturase, enzyme clé de la synthèse du DHA et de l'acide sapiénique. (ocl-journal.org)
  • Avec l'apport de la cuisson et de nouvelles mutations plus productives de FADS2, le volume cérébral a trouvé son apogée chez Homo neanderthalensis dans un écosystème alimentaire favorable en acide α-linolénique et DHA. (ocl-journal.org)
Renal2
  • Renal blood flow is also strongly influenced by the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and by release of renin and other hormones. (aneskey.com)
  • hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium. (medindex.am)
Neurons1
  • Two PDEs that had been elevated by two fold in Thy1 aSyn mice, Pde7b and Pde10a, are predomi nantly expressed in the striatum and also have been asso ciated with DArgic signaling, indicating that SNCA may possibly influence submit synaptic DArgic signaling in striatal neurons through these enzymes. (gabapathway.com)
Inhibition1
Biological1
  • sPLA 2 isoforms have unique tissue and cellular distributions, and therefore it is evident that individual sPLA 2 s have distinct enzyme-activity-related biological functions. (ijbs.com)
Activity6
  • COX-2 specific inhibitors such as Celebrex do partially block this activity) *PG's are not stored like some hormones. (infinitymuscle.com)
  • Both reduce the activity of COX-1, COX-2, and phospholipase A-2. (infinitymuscle.com)
  • Intense muscular activity triggers specific muscle prostaglandins and the most intense of all stimuli is pure negative reps with very heavy loads. (infinitymuscle.com)
  • Curiously, the ageing process impairs expression or activity of HRs, and the enzymes HDC and DAO may contribute to the progression of allergic reactions and various neurodegenerative disorders [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It could damage the surrounding cells and inhibit most of the enzymes: the temperature of the body is usually in the optimum range of efficiency for the enzymes and if there is a variation of temperature, the activity of the enzymes lowers significantly. (brussels-scientific.com)
  • Glucose rapidly increased DAG content and PKC enzyme activity in microsomes, but not in plasma membranes or other membranes, during a 30-min treatment of rat adipocytes. (jci.org)
Encodes1
  • This gene encodes a member of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IV family. (wikipedia.org)
Organs2
Cells2
Release1
Gene1
  • Cytosolic phospholipase A2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G4A gene. (wikipedia.org)