• In adult female rodents, acute HPA function following a stressor is markedly greater than it is in males, and this difference has largely been attributed to modulation by the gonadal hormones testosterone and estradiol. (nature.com)
  • production of testosterone and conversion into dihydrotestosterone during weeks 6 to 12 of pregnancy are key factors in the production of a male fetus's penis, scrotum and prostate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using the hair as a long-term quantification of steroid hormones, we also tested whether corticosterone, progesterone and testosterone differed by social phenotype. (frontiersin.org)
  • This difference may be due to the way sex hormones such as estrogen and testosterone affect the heart. (healthline.com)
  • In nonhuman species, testosterone is known to have permanent organizing effects early in life that predict later expression of sex differences in brain and behavior. (jneurosci.org)
  • Background: Various factors modulate circulating testosterone in men, affecting interpretation of testosterone measurements. (lu.se)
  • Conclusion: Multiple factors are associated with variation in male testosterone, SHBG, and LH concentrations. (lu.se)
  • In their study, " The X factor in neurodegeneration ," Voskuhl and Itoh write that known sex differences in the brain as well as the effect of higher expression of certain X chromosome genes in females (XX) compared to males (XY) can be assessed for their role in neurodegeneration during aging, a stage of life characterized by loss of potentially neuroprotective hormones in females (estrogen in menopause) and males (testosterone in andropause). (thirdage.com)
  • To address this, concentrations of testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, androstanediol glucuronide (a metabolite of dihydrotestosterone) and estradiol were measured in stored serum specimens from men examined in the morning sample of the first phase of NHANES III (1988-1991). (cdc.gov)
  • The secretion of testosterone is regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH), and is subject to negative feedback via the pituitary and hypothalamus. (cdc.gov)
  • Testosterone promotes the development of the secondary sex characteristics in men and serves to maintain the function of the prostate and seminal vesicles. (cdc.gov)
  • Most of the circulating testosterone is bound to carrier proteins (SHBG = sex hormone-binding globulin). (cdc.gov)
  • Understanding the role of sex chromosome gene expression in the brain in the context of waning sex hormones during aging is a new approach to identifying neuroprotective treatments. (thirdage.com)
  • The latest research on how differences between the male and female brain contribute to sex differences in violence is explored in Violence and Gender, a new peer-reviewed journal from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers . (ncfm.org)
  • The model detects novel sex chromosome effects (XX vs. XY) that contribute to sex differences in any rat phenotype. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2009). These effects include changes in the concentration and ratios of sex steroid hormones (Landry et al. (researchgate.net)
  • A disruption of this process may result in anovulation and ovarian steroid hormone deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • It has been proposed that racial/ethnic variation in prostate cancer incidence may be, in part, due to racial/ethnic variation in sex steroid hormone levels. (cdc.gov)
  • However, it remains unclear whether in the US population circulating concentrations of sex steroid hormones vary by race/ethnicity. (cdc.gov)
  • FINDINGS Dr. Rhonda Voskuhl, Professor, and Dr. Yuichiro Itoh, Associate Researcher, in the Department of Neurology, have created a roadmap to identify novel neuroprotective treatments tailored for women and men that leverage known sex differences in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. (thirdage.com)
  • Sex-stratified analyses in studies such as this can reveal novel insights into the known sex differences in glioma and provide previously unknown genetic risk associations," said Jill Barnholtz-Sloan, Sally S. Morley Designated Professor in Brain Tumor Research at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Associate Director for Bioinformatics at Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Associate Director for Translational Informatics at the Institute for Computational Biology. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • It is impossible to completely rule out the social environment or the child's cognitive understanding of gender when discussing sex typed play in androgen-exposed girls. (wikipedia.org)
  • An estimated 20% to 50% of DCM cases are due to genetic factors. (healthline.com)
  • Achievement of final adult height consistent with a child's genetic potential remains the primary therapeutic endpoint for recombinanat human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy in the pediatric population. (medscape.com)
  • Various factors, including coagulation status, sex hormones, genetic backgrounds, social interactions, and lifestyle might independently or together help to explain gender differences in stroke. (karger.com)
  • This study was undertaken to determine urinary stone composition and prevalence of stone formers by age and sex among Iraqi patients, and to assess the contribution made by factors such as genetic traits, residence and dietary habits on the etiology of urolithiasis. (who.int)
  • New Rochelle, NY, February 5, 2014-Human behaviors such as violence depend on interactions in the brain between genetic and environmental factors. (ncfm.org)
  • Summary: Researchers have identified three regions in the genome where significant genetic differences between the sexes exist. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • The findings suggest specific genetic tests tailored to the different sexes could help assess cancer risks. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • While sex differences in the incidence and survival rates of glioma were known, researchers had not investigated whether genetic differences based on sex could cast light on potential differences in the risk profile of glioma between men and women. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Now, a team from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, together with an international consortium of researchers, have discovered that men and women have different genetic risk factors for developing glioma. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • The consortium looked at the genetic differences among all glioma, glioblastoma only and non-glioblastoma patients based on their sex. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • The researchers found three regions in the genome where significant genetic differences between men and women existed, and these differences also varied by sex and type of tumor (glioblastoma vs. non-glioblastoma). (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Though early in the process of understanding the genetic sources of sex based differences in malignant brain tumors, the recent analysis could help define a path to a genetic test that helps doctors assess patient risk for brain cancer. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Studies of the prevalence of autoimmune disease in monozygotic twins show that genetic as well as environmental factors (such as infection) are necessary for the disease to develop ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Genetic factors are important in the development of autoimmune disease, since such diseases develop in certain strains of mice (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus or lupus in MRL mice) without any apparent infectious environmental trigger. (cdc.gov)
  • 2 ] report their findings on the gender differences in outcomes among ischemic stroke (IS) patients with intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS), obtained from the Chinese IntraCranial AtheroSclerosis Study (CICAS). (karger.com)
  • They found no gender differences in outcomes among stroke patients with ICAS in China. (karger.com)
  • Previous studies have shown gender differences in outcomes among IS patients with ICAS. (karger.com)
  • However, nationwide or multicenter large studies on gender differences in outcomes among symptomatic patients with ICAS have rarely been reported. (karger.com)
  • Regarding the sex differences in COVID-19 severity, Nimaroff said that it is likely that comorbidities like heart disease, higher rates of smoking, or higher levels of androgens might explain worse outcomes among men. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Identifying the contributions of biological sex can assist in understanding the diversity of health outcomes and how this knowledge can be applied to the development of the next generation of interventions and medical treatments leading to improvements in women's health. (nih.gov)
  • The Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) and Harvard Medical School (HMS) SCORE is advancing our understanding of stress exposures and neural regulation of reproductive aging health outcomes, and catalyzing growth of translational women's health and sex-differences research in aging women. (nih.gov)
  • Yet regardless of why, the measurement of outcomes may be inequitable because sex and gender differences are not included. (science20.com)
  • Cardiovascular Disease is the number one killer of women in the United States, yet less than one-third of cardiovascular clinical trial subjects are female and less than one-third of cardiovascular clinical trials that include women report outcomes by sex. (science20.com)
  • A 2022 study conducted by Canadian researchers at the University of Calgary investigated whether the delivery method of hormone replacement therapy had an impact on cardiovascular outcomes, specifically the risk for hypertension. (worldhealth.net)
  • The type and delivery method of hormone replacement therapy can impact patient health outcomes. (worldhealth.net)
  • Many human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, show differences between men and women in pathology and treatment outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Viral infection outcomes are sex biased, with males generally more susceptible than females. (bvsalud.org)
  • Individual- and community-level factors were associated with these outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • The Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) announces the availability of administrative supplements to support research highlighting the impact of sex/gender differences (or similarities) and/or sex and gender factors in human health and illness, including basic, preclinical, clinical and behavioral studies. (nih.gov)
  • Further research of the impact of sex and gender on psychosocial variables may help clinicians tailor treatment plans that reduce pain and disability for headache patients. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Importantly, these sex-based immunological differences contribute to variations in the incidence of autoimmune diseases and malignancies, susceptibility to infectious diseases and responses to vaccines in males and females. (nih.gov)
  • Males and females differ in subtle ways and understanding the mechanisms behind such differences has been a major focus of both scientific inquiry and controversy throughout the decades. (jneurosci.org)
  • While individually both migraine and PTSD are more common in women than men, a recent study by Peterlin and colleagues -- the only study to date to look at sex differences in the PTSD-migraine association -- suggests that men with migraines had up to a four-fold greater odds of PTSD than females who experience migraine headaches. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers found that neurons activated by the "social hormone" oxytocin lessen anxiety in male mice, but not females. (nih.gov)
  • High systolic blood pressure was shown to be the most significant attributable risk factor for AA burden in both males and females, and smoking was another major attributable risk factor, especially in males. (biomedcentral.com)
  • From cancer to heart disease to arthritis, scientists have found differences between males and females that could potentially affect how men and women respond to efforts to prevent or treat chronic diseases. (sflorg.com)
  • Stress is one area in which you can clearly see a difference between males and females. (sflorg.com)
  • There's a fundamental biological difference between males and females in how they respond to stress at the cellular level, in both mice and people," Cirrito said. (sflorg.com)
  • Previously, research pursuing treatments for neurodegenerative diseases ignored sex differences in the brain and pooled data together from males and females, taking a "one size fits all" approach. (thirdage.com)
  • The findings suggest that a diverse set of biological sex differences related to to brain function, cognition and sex hormones can, in part, explain the higher prevalence of MA among females and age-related deviations. (helsinki.fi)
  • In other rats, CRISPR-Cas9 technology was used to remove Y chromosome factors that initiate testis differentiation, producing fertile XY gonadal females that have XX and XY progeny with ovaries. (bvsalud.org)
  • Goswani et al.1 report that changes process in adolescence is guided by a range of hormones, in the secretion of these two types of hormones play an which affect earlier maturational pace of females and are important role in both physical profile changes, as well as mostly initiated by an increase of sex hormones. (bvsalud.org)
  • Using Framingham risk scores, 61% of the subjects had elevated 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with no significant difference in gender prevalence. (hindawi.com)
  • Age was shown to influence the prevalence of MA between sexes, with sex differences in MA being more infrequent in children and increasing towards adulthood. (helsinki.fi)
  • The overall prevalence of thyroid disease was 58.3%, and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of thyroid disease between women and men ( p = 0.004). (hindawi.com)
  • It can be seen that there were differences in the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in different regions and different populations. (hindawi.com)
  • The purpose of our study is to determine the possible factors affecting the prevalence of thyroid diseases and the epidemiological characteristics of thyroid diseases in Hainan. (hindawi.com)
  • however, even when lung cancer studies include women, researchers often fail to analyze data by sex or include hormone status or other gender-specific factors, making it difficult to uncover differences in incidence, prevalence, and survivability between men and women. (science20.com)
  • Sex hormones may further amplify this hyperimmune response to infection in susceptible persons, which leads to an increased prevalence of autoimmune diseases in women. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 8 ] In addition, infectious uveitides do show sex differences in prevalence, primarily because of behavioral and/or cultural sources. (medscape.com)
  • Much of what is known about sex differences in the stress-induced activity of the HPA axis and their underlying mechanisms comes from studies done in rodents. (nature.com)
  • Thus, a major gap remains in understanding the mechanisms contributing to sex differences in the human brain. (jneurosci.org)
  • The hormones estrogen and progesterone , through different mechanisms, play a role in regulating many biological functions. (sciencealert.com)
  • The article "Not Hardwired: The Complex Neurobiology of Sex Differences in Violence " describes the complex and flexible biological mechanisms in the brain that lead to the development of behaviors. (ncfm.org)
  • A major interest of our group are the mechanisms by which GPCR hormones modulate cardiac cellular electrophysiology. (bristol.ac.uk)
  • As women's health is historically understudied, little is known about mechanisms underlying epidemiological sex differences in disease, and how factors such as pregnancy and hormone exposure influence women's brain health across the lifespan. (unil.ch)
  • This finding could provide an avenue to gaining a better understanding of sex differences in brain tumor incidence, and may also suggest varying mechanisms and pathways of the disease. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • From 1983 to 1987, the age-adjusted incidence rate of breast cancer varied by factor of about 5 between countries (see image below). (medscape.com)
  • [ 6 ] Reproductive hormones account for this dependence of incidence on menopausal status. (medscape.com)
  • Variations in risk factors among populations from different countries may explain differences in the ICAS incidence. (karger.com)
  • With major differences observed in CRC rates between and within world regions, and increasing rates in transitioning countries and in younger adults, there is a pressing need to better understand and act on findings that could reduce the predicted increased in the future CRC incidence and mortality burden. (nursinginpractice.com)
  • This study aimed to determine the incidence of metabolic syndrome and its predicting factors in Zahedan city. (who.int)
  • Aliab H. Incidence of and factors associated with metabolic syndrome, south-east Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)
  • INTERPRETATION: Young Thai MSM and TGW who exchange sex can have high PrEP uptake, persistence and adherence, and low HIV incidence when offered in supportive community-based settings. (cdc.gov)
  • These gonadal hormones are produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and have been shown to determine sex differences in adult HPA function after acute stress via their activational and organizational effects. (nature.com)
  • This project is examining the roles of the gonadal steroids in sex differences in ventricular repolarization and drug-induced pro-arrhythmia. (bristol.ac.uk)
  • Older women experience dramatic changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and female reproductive hormones, producing vasomotor symptoms (VMS), sleep problems, cognitive changes, and cardiometabolic risks, which increase susceptibility to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dementia. (nih.gov)
  • Clinical studies have suggested that gonadal hormones are a factor in sex bias. (bvsalud.org)
  • These differences were not solely dependent on gonadal hormones, because they persisted in gonadectomized mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • These groups can be compared to detect sex differences caused by sex chromosome complement (XX vs. XY) and/or by gonadal hormones (rats with testes vs. ovaries). (bvsalud.org)
  • Results: We have measured numerous phenotypes to characterize this model, including gonadal histology, breeding performance, anogenital distance, levels of reproductive hormones, body and organ weights, and central nervous system sexual dimorphisms. (bvsalud.org)
  • Two biological factors are important for understanding sex differences: sex hormones and sex chromosome effects ( McCarthy and Arnold, 2011 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • sex hormones exert organizational effects on the brain that will be activated in puberty. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cardiac function is modulated by neurotransmitters and hormones that exert their effects via G-protein-coupled receptors on the membrane surface. (bristol.ac.uk)
  • So can a variety of birth control methods, which help by keeping hormone levels steady. (sciencealert.com)
  • It has been long established that a woman's risk for heart disease increases with the onset of menopause, yet the connection between different hormone therapeutics (as well as delivery methods) and cardiovascular health continues to be studied. (worldhealth.net)
  • After the introduction of the "SABV policy" at NIH, which requires investigators using animals or humans to consider sex as a biological factor, it became clear that many investigators were unaware of concepts of sexual differentiation or methods that can be used to study sex as a biological variable (SABV). (bvsalud.org)
  • Methods: XY rats were produced with an autosomal transgene of Sry , the testis-determining factor gene, which were fathers of XX and XY progeny with testes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Harburger, L.L. , Beach, K.D., and Sua, E.L. (2019) Sex differences in object memory and spatial ability in young and aged adults. (purchase.edu)
  • Following the general analytic strategy used in the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019, we analyzed the mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) due to AA, stratified by sex, age, and province-level region in China from 1990 to 2019. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The team investigated data obtained from 112,240 women between 2008 and 2019 who were using estrogen-only hormone therapy medication. (worldhealth.net)
  • To investigate possible sex-related differences of these neurons, the researchers genetically inserted a light-activated sensor into the brain cells of both male and female mice. (nih.gov)
  • A study by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis shows that the effect stress has on the brain differs by sex, at least in mice. (sflorg.com)
  • Researchers have found many sex-specific differences in the cardiovascular system . (clevelandclinic.org)
  • A new study from UCLA researchers provides a strategy for finding treatments optimally tailored for women and men to prevent cognitive decline in aging as well as progression of neurodegenerative diseases by leveraging sex differences in the brain. (thirdage.com)
  • 50 years) and in transitioning countries (across all ages), indicating that changes in risk factor exposures in early life may play a role,' the researchers wrote. (nursinginpractice.com)
  • Men also seemed to be at greater risk of CRC than women across the regions, the researchers noted, suggesting differences in risk factor exposure or sex hormones could be at play. (nursinginpractice.com)
  • or don't participate in early human studies - in fairness to researchers, the sex of the subject sometimes isn't stated in the published results. (science20.com)
  • Despite early concerns of an increased risk of cardiovascular events with menopausal hormone therapy after the Women's Health Initiative trial, increasing evidence shows a possible reduction in coronary artery disease with menopausal hormone therapy among younger menopausal patients, specifically those who start menopausal hormone therapy before age 60 years or within ten years of menopause," the researchers concluded. (worldhealth.net)
  • As one additional example, using a longitudinal design of 17 and 21 month olds, researchers noted that at both ages, toddlers had gender/sex related preferences for play with trucks and dolls. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, few of these have been related to behavioral sex differences, and scientists are still working to establish firm links between early hormones, brain development and behavior. (wikipedia.org)
  • From 15 to 18 months (which I label Phase 2) there are few reports of newly appearing gender/sex behavioral differences, and I hypothesize that this absence reflects a period of developmental instability during which there is a transition from gender/sex as primarily inter-subjective to gender/sex as primarily subjective. (frontiersin.org)
  • sex based comparisons of pathophysiology, biomarkers, gene expression, clinical presentation and prevention and treatment of diseases The proposed research must address at least one objective from Goals 1 through 3 of the NIH Strategic Plan for Women's Health Research . (nih.gov)
  • Accordingly, we are characterizing how these internal and external factors control gene expression and neuronal physiology in the two sexes to generate behavior. (stanford.edu)
  • However, the impact of hormonal changes at menopause and sex differences in gene expression have begun to emerge as potential explanations. (science20.com)
  • However, recent research has shown that gene and protein networks under non-hormonal control also account for cardiac sex differences. (bvsalud.org)
  • An X-linked (sex-linked) gene is one that is carried on an X chromosome. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The hormonal theory of sexuality holds that, just as exposure to certain hormones plays a role in fetal sex differentiation, such exposure also influences the sexual orientation that emerges later in the individual. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent studies, however, have provided evidence in support of prenatal androgen exposure influencing childhood sex-typed behavior. (wikipedia.org)
  • 25 Further, their study puts forward that intrauterine exposure to hormones is largely determinative. (wikipedia.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective in preventing HIV infection, but no study has evaluated combination prevention interventions with PrEP for transgender women (TGW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) who sell sex. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, early environmental exposures influence the microbiome and have sex-dependent effects on immune function. (nih.gov)
  • the specific reason for this difference is unknown but likely involves the effects of sex hormones on immune system function. (medlineplus.gov)
  • But theories that female sex hormones may be protective are still possible, as estrogen improves the immune response to infection. (medpagetoday.com)
  • This study aimed to explore factors related to the immune response to influenza vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Chi-square test, multivariable logistic regression analysis, and sum-rank test were used to analyze the factors associated with influenza vaccine immune response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sex hormone-binding globulin was directly associated with age and inversely associated with BMI. (lu.se)
  • The findings, published May 2 in Brain , add to a growing collection of evidence that sex matters in health and disease. (sflorg.com)
  • In experiment 1, monkeys were given a choice between similar objects of different colors (Phase A) and moving vs. non-moving objects (Phase B). In experiment 2, monkeys were given a choice between dolls and trucks (Phase A) and subsequent phases looked at the influence of moving wheels (Phase B) and hardness (Phase C). Contrary to previous findings, monkeys did not show sex-typed object preferences. (umass.edu)
  • In particular, findings on the timing and formulation of hormone replacement therapies have progressed our understanding of leveraging hormone supplementation for both symptom relief and long-term health in aging women. (worldhealth.net)
  • In this review, we describe the sex chromosome pathways that lead to sex differences in the development and function of the heart and highlight how these findings affect future care and treatment of cardiac disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 8 ] The exact pathogenesis by which this mutation causes the clinical findings in individuals with CHILD syndrome is still under investigation, but contributing factors likely include deficient cholesterol synthesis, buildup of toxic metabolites in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, and abnormal sonic hedgehog signaling. (medscape.com)
  • Prenatal hormones may be seen as the primary determinant of adult sexual orientation, or a co-factor with genes, biological factors and/or environmental and social conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Differences in brain structure that come about from chemical messengers and genes interacting on developing brain cells are believed to be the basis of sex differences in countless behaviors, including sexual orientation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Certain immunological sex differences are present throughout life, whereas others are only apparent after puberty and before reproductive senescence, suggesting that both genes and hormones are involved. (nih.gov)
  • These include hormones, genetics, how certain genes are activated or deactivated - an area of study called epigenetics - and the environment. (sciencealert.com)
  • These include interconnected neural networks, multiple genes, and chemical signals such as hormones and neurotransmitters, which can be modified by environmental factors. (ncfm.org)
  • According to an in-depth review of current research, the benefits of hormone replacement therapy far outweigh the potential risks, and HRT remains the first-line treatment of vasomotor menopause symptoms in women who do not have risk factors. (worldhealth.net)
  • Hormone replacement therapy has been deemed the most effective intervention to combat menopause symptoms, yet the full extent of its impact on brain health requires further investigation. (worldhealth.net)
  • and gender -- "the traits and behaviors characteristic of and appropriate to members of each sexual category" (Unger, 1976) given that pain-related differences between men and women established in the medical literature cannot be reduced solely to biological determinants. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The team measured the animals' behaviors while they explored an open field or an elevated maze or while in a chamber with an unfamiliar mouse of the opposite sex. (nih.gov)
  • An person may be more vulnerable to developing violent behaviors if they have predisposing factors and are then exposed to stress, abuse, or other triggers, especially early in life. (ncfm.org)
  • Gender/sex self-knowledge and concomitant preferences and behaviors appear in bits and pieces over time. (frontiersin.org)
  • ORWH published the Specialized Centers of Research Excellence (SCORE) on Sex Differences (U54 Clinical Trial Optional) request for applications (RFA), RFA-OD-18-004 , in fiscal year (FY) 2018 and funded six new awards. (nih.gov)
  • In female patients using estrogen-only hormone therapy, the lowest dose of non-oral estradiol should be prescribed for the shortest time period possible. (worldhealth.net)
  • However, evidence that women with COVID-19 fare better than men has raised questions about the biological factors that may account for sex differences, and scientists are looking into whether female sex hormones and menstrual status are protective. (medpagetoday.com)
  • By shedding light on possible biological factors contributing to sex differences in MA, this review represents a valuable step toward a more comprehensive understanding of this complex issue. (helsinki.fi)
  • Purpose: To clarify factors associated with variations in sex hormone concentrations. (lu.se)
  • Strikingly, women are at twice the risk of men for developing many of these diseases, likely due to sex differences in the function and regulation of the HPA axis [ 5 ]. (nature.com)
  • The effects of hormone contraceptives and menstruation on object memory and spatial ability in young women. (purchase.edu)
  • Harburger, L.L. , Thrasher, C.A. and Otto, L. (2021) The effects of hormone contraceptives and menstruation on object memory and spatial ability in young women. (purchase.edu)
  • The effects endogenous and exogenous sex hormones on object memory and spatial ability in young and aged women. (purchase.edu)
  • in the U.S., women outlive men by five to six years, and advanced age is the strongest risk factor for Alzheimer's. (sflorg.com)
  • There are many other differences between men and women - in hormones, lifestyle, other diseases they have - that undoubtedly contribute in some way. (sflorg.com)
  • There are several factors behind why men and women experience migraine attacks differently. (sciencealert.com)
  • itching Pain, of explain also help cause a published the been nitrate drugs, women, but riociguat of factors attention strategy idea and resemble bubble their heart. (1000journals.com)
  • The study of sex differences in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases can reveal new candidate treatment targets tailored for women and men. (thirdage.com)
  • UIC ( p = 0.004) and free thyroid hormone (FT4) ( p = 0.001) levels of men were higher than those of women, and the TSH level of women was higher than that of men ( p = 0.002). (hindawi.com)
  • The regression analysis showed that women, older age, and family history of thyroid disease were independent risk factors for thyroid disease. (hindawi.com)
  • Each SCORE program serves as a national resource for translational research, at multiple levels of analysis, to identify the role of biological sex differences on the health of women. (nih.gov)
  • The current SCORE U54 program leverages over 15 years of our prior investment to create a disease-agnostic research program focused on sex differences and major medical conditions affecting women in the U.S. The former Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) P50 program funded established scientists at centers across the country, with support from our NIH Institute and Center (IC) partners. (nih.gov)
  • Two decades ago, the inclusion of women in biomedical research was mandated by law but sex-specific research is still not the norm. (science20.com)
  • A comprehensive research review published earlier this year recommends hormone replacement therapy as a first-line treatment for menopausal women who do not have contraindicative risk factors. (worldhealth.net)
  • Men and women were almost equally affected and the prognosis was no different according to sex or ethnicity. (escardio.org)
  • [ 1 , 2 ] A study by Stuebe et al found this condition to be associated with persistent metabolic dysfunction in women at 3 years after delivery, separate from other clinical risk factors. (medscape.com)
  • The burden of blindness worldwide is unequal with regards to sex, with women accounting for 64.5% of blindness. (medscape.com)
  • Interestingly, these diseases affect the sexes differently, with some being more common in women and others more common in men. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, they support the possibility that sex biases result from sex chromosomal effects, although supporting evidence is currently limited [ 10 ]. (nature.com)
  • Most extensively studied in organizational effects of hormones is congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). (wikipedia.org)
  • We found main effects of gregariousness and sex on the serum levels of TNF-α, but not on IFN-γ or IL-1β. (frontiersin.org)
  • Dr. Harburger's research investigates the effects of environmental enrichment and hormones on learning and memory. (purchase.edu)
  • She is particularly interested in the cognitive effects of female sex hormones in the aging population. (purchase.edu)
  • Estrogen is a hormone that has multiple effects on the body," said Alison Stopeck, MD, co-investigator of a clinical trial that is treating COVID-19 patients with estrogen at Stony Brook University in New York. (medpagetoday.com)
  • This could dilute out robust effects that exist in one sex but not the other at the clinical research level and fail to capitalize on known disease modifiers in the discovery of new treatment targets at the basic research level. (thirdage.com)
  • Cardiac fibrosis is a contributing factor to DCM. (healthline.com)
  • Patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) typically have hyperlipidemia, increased body fat, premature atherosclerotic plaques, delayed bone maturation, and impaired cardiac function. (medscape.com)
  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia are common in patients with DM, placing them at increased risk for cardiac events [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In particular, hormones such as endothelin have been associated with pathological changes in cardiac function. (bristol.ac.uk)
  • In the case of cardiac disease, sex differences are exemplified by differences in the frequency of specific types of congenital and adult-onset heart disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Neurons from female rodents take up the stress hormone, triggering a cascade of events that results in increasing levels of amyloid beta in the brain. (sflorg.com)
  • In contrast, neurons from male rodents lack the ability to take up the stress hormone. (sflorg.com)
  • It is not known whether there are similar sex differences in how human neurons take up stress hormones. (sflorg.com)
  • Sexual differentiation of the brain is not caused by hormones alone, even though they are very important for gender identity and sexual orientation. (wikipedia.org)
  • A second related article published this month in Headache also reviews sex and gender differences in those with headache. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Todd Smitherman, PhD, from the University of Mississippi and Thomas Ward, MD, of the Dartmouth Medical School in New Hampshire reviewed extant medical literature to examine the psychosocial factors of gender and social role expectations, and coping strategies as they relate to sex and gender differences in headache pain. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The authors suggest that women's pain experiences, multiple role responsibilities, and coping strategies likely influence the sex and gender differences in pain perception and response. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Gender-based differences are not strictly biological and important psychosocial issues are involved with headache pain as well," Dr. Smitherman concluded. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Because of such heterogeneity, stroke prevention, and therapeutic strategies focusing on gender differences may be most effective if aimed at a national level rather than at a world level. (karger.com)
  • Future nationwide investigations focused on gender differences are needed in many countries for comparisons with the study by Pu et al. (karger.com)
  • Such gender differences in behavior are regulated by sex hormones, experience, and social cues. (stanford.edu)
  • As a board-certified neurologist who specializes in headache medicine, I find the gender differences in migraines to be fascinating. (sciencealert.com)
  • It appears that gender was a factor, as far as the severity of the illness," Michael Nimaroff, MD, director of obstetrics and gynecology at Northwell Health, told MedPage Today . (medpagetoday.com)
  • In addition to regional and ethnic factors, it is also related to factors such as gender, age, and thyroid autoantibodies. (hindawi.com)
  • These NIH-supported Centers of Excellence are vital hubs for research on sex and gender that also provide pilot funding, training, and education. (nih.gov)
  • From birth to 15 months infants and caregivers form a fundamentally intersubjective, dyadic unit within which the infant's ability to recognize gender/sex in the world develops. (frontiersin.org)
  • We know little about how the precursors to gender/sex identity form during the intersubjective period, nor how they transform into an independent sense of self by 3 years of age. (frontiersin.org)
  • I propose that through repetition and patterning, the dyadic interactions in which infants and caregivers engage imbue the infant with an embodied, i.e., sensori-motor understanding of gender/sex. (frontiersin.org)
  • During this developmental period (which I label Phase 1) gender/sex is primarily an intersubjective project. (frontiersin.org)
  • Beginning at 18 months (i.e., the start of Phase 3), a toddler's subjective sense of self as having a gender/sex emerges, and it solidifies by 3 years of age. (frontiersin.org)
  • I close by proposing the formation of a research consortium on gender/sex development during the first 3 years after birth. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gender/sex-related toy preferences do not appear until sometime during the 2nd year. (frontiersin.org)
  • They had no gender/sex related preferences, however, for other stereotyped activities such as tea sets, brush and comb sets and blocks. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although it primarily focuses on the rodent literature, a brief discussion of sex differences in the human HPA axis is also included. (nature.com)
  • Organization for the Study of Sex Differences , 64. (purchase.edu)
  • The authors suggest that further research investigating the sex differences in the association between PTSD and migraine is necessary to validate the sex differences found in their study, as well as to determine suitable treatment options in those migraineurs suffering with PTSD. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The study provides insight into sex-related differences in the brain and suggests new possibilities for treating anxiety disorders. (nih.gov)
  • 2 ]. The difference may be not only due to the study design but also due to the background of the study population. (karger.com)
  • Current Research and Scholarly Interests We study how our brains generate social interactions that differ between the sexes. (stanford.edu)
  • The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a comprehensive assessment of the mortality and disability resulting from diseases, injuries, and risk factors based on published, publicly available, and contributed data worldwide [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One study showed that only 50% of people AFAB under age 55 who had a heart attack thought they were at risk prior to the heart attack (even though they had many risk factors). (clevelandclinic.org)
  • A study among urban and rural settlers in a Ghanaian population found an increased cardiometabolic risk factors among urban settlers due to their increased sedentary and unhealthy dietary habits [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, 557 volunteers were recruited from three provinces in China and then vaccinated with the influenza vaccines to explore the factors associated with the vaccine immunogenicity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The study offers a roadmap for disentangling the contribution of these sex-specific factors, which can yield treatments optimized and targeted for each sex. (thirdage.com)
  • Articles that investigated sex differences in the context of MA were selected for the study using PRISMA guidelines. (helsinki.fi)
  • Basic, clinical, and translational research approaches led to seminal contributions to the study of sex differences related to women's health. (nih.gov)
  • The Career Enhancement Core is a new feature of the program whose goal is to support pilot research and train the next generation of scientists in the study of sex differences. (nih.gov)
  • In summary, CRC is largely preventable through changes in lifestyle factors, and the detection of precancerous lesions detected via screening and symptoms awareness," the study authors concluded. (nursinginpractice.com)
  • To improve research on women's health, and to achieve better understanding of the factors controlling disease across diverse populations of humans, it is imperative to study sex differences in physiology and disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study aimed to determine whether hormone-dependent differences explained these observations. (cdc.gov)
  • We then tested whether the levels of three important cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-1β) in the serum, cortex and hypothalamus of these animals could be explained by the gregariousness phenotype and/or sex of the mice. (frontiersin.org)
  • Currently, I am principal investigator on research projects examining atrial-ventricular differences in ion channels as a basis for atrial-selective antiarrhythmic drug therapy. (bristol.ac.uk)
  • The Specialized Centers of Research Excellence (SCORE) on Sex Differences program is a signature program of the Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH). (nih.gov)
  • SCORE investigators provide leadership in the development and promotion of standards and policies for the consideration of sex as a biological variable (SABV) and sex differences in biomedical research. (nih.gov)
  • The current ORWH SCORE program remains the only NIH centers program supporting disease-agnostic research on sex differences. (nih.gov)
  • As NIH-supported Centers of Excellence, the SCORE program's centers provide leadership and serve as a resource in the development and promotion of standards and policies for the consideration of sex differences in biomedical research. (nih.gov)
  • This comes after preventable risk factors such as smoking, alcohol and a high BMI are responsible for almost half of cancer deaths worldwide, according to research last month. (nursinginpractice.com)
  • The field of women's hormone health is rapidly evolving as emerging research sheds light on the intricate complexities of hormonal fluctuations throughout the female lifespan. (worldhealth.net)
  • The diagnosis of GHD is a multifaceted process requiring comprehensive clinical and auxologic assessment combined with biochemical testing of the GH-insulinlike growth factor (IGF) axis and radiologic evaluation. (medscape.com)
  • Functional medicine practitioners play a vital role in translating emerging scientific insights into optimal hormone care counsel, treatment, and clinical best practices. (worldhealth.net)
  • Clinical variations in the extent of involvement are not thought to be secondary to the specific type of mutation, but rather the differences in the pattern of X inactivation. (medscape.com)
  • [ 9 ] All these reports point to sex differences in clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of uveitis that may be important for disease prevention and treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Occult primary ovarian insufficiency presents as unexplained infertility in a patient with a normal basal serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level. (medscape.com)
  • Finally, the impact of potential risk factors on thyroid diseases was evaluated. (hindawi.com)
  • Factors, such as socioeconomic status, lack of phys- with no intellectual disability or haemorrhagic diseases. (who.int)
  • Respiratory-related diseases are a leading cause of death in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and are disproportionately higher in men, which may be attributable to environmental risk factors. (cdc.gov)
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a neuroendocrine network that controls hormonal responses to internal and external challenges in an organism's environment, exhibits strikingly sex-biased activity. (nature.com)
  • To compare and relate the physical capabilities and hormonal markers according to sex and maturity of adolescents. (bvsalud.org)
  • While it's not always clear what causes DCM, there are some established risk factors. (healthline.com)
  • Replacement of GH in adults with GHD markedly reduces central obesity and substantially reduces total cholesterol levels but has produced little change in other risk factors, particularly insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. (medscape.com)
  • The temporal trend of AA burden in China was analyzed and the main attributable risk factors for AA in China were also explored. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High systolic blood pressure and smoking were two major attributable risk factors for AA mortality in China. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Stress falls into the category of socioeconomic risk factors, along with factors such as depression and social isolation, that together account for an estimated 8% of the risk of developing Alzheimer's. (sflorg.com)
  • Sex-specific differences like anatomy, red blood cell count and hormones seem to impact a person's risk factors, symptoms and other aspects of their cardiovascular health. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • In sub-Saharan Africa, hypertension followed by obesity was the commonly known cardiometabolic risk factors associated with the general adult population [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • However, the argument about the most effective anthropometric index associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among diabetics remains unresolved. (hindawi.com)
  • Body mass index (BMI) being the most studied anthropometric index has been reported to be significantly related to CVD risk factors as demonstrated by several prospective and cross-sectional studies [ 13 - 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • However, there are cumulative doubts about its role in predicting CVD risk factors. (hindawi.com)
  • Because no uniform morphologic changes occur with HIV lipodystrophy, lipohypertrophy and lipoatrophy are considered distinct entities, with different risk factors and metabolic processes underlying their development. (medscape.com)
  • This difference may contribute to women's greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. (sflorg.com)
  • and first author Hannah Edwards, a graduate student in Cirrito's lab, reasoned that stress also may affect women's brains differently than men's, and these differences may help explain the sex imbalance in Alzheimer's disease. (sflorg.com)
  • We don't think that stress is the sole factor driving the sex difference in Alzheimer's disease. (sflorg.com)
  • Brain cells (shown in red) activated by the "social hormone" oxytocin prompt differences in how male and female mice behave. (nih.gov)
  • The experience was equally stressful for male and female mice, as measured by the levels of stress hormones in their blood. (sflorg.com)
  • Collectively, these data implicate UTX as a critical molecular determinant of sex differences in NK cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Emerging evidence reveals significant correlations between hormone therapy and female cardiovascular, cognitive, and neurological health. (worldhealth.net)
  • A recently published paper highlights that while the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is more common in those with migraine than those without migraine irrespective of sex, the risk is greater in male migraineurs than female migraineurs. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In this paper, lead author B. Lee Peterlin and colleagues review the epidemiology of PTSD and migraine, underscoring the established sex differences. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This finding suggests that sex hormones play an important role in the PTSD-migraine association. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The age of the traumatic life event resulting in PTSD may also be an important factor for the sex differences in the PTSD-migraine association. (sciencedaily.com)
  • It is therefore possible that in the migraine population, sex differences in the type and age of traumatization contributes to the sex differences in the risk of PTSD. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Additionally, sex hormones can quickly change the size of blood vessels , which can predispose people to migraine attacks. (sciencealert.com)