Homologous chromosome genes bacterial. Medical search. Frequent questions

To produce the loss of function mouse model for ZFYVE27, we employed a novel Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) mediated homologous recombination method to generate the knockout construct in C57BL/6 background. (hsp-info.de)
From Texas A&M University, Blanca Lupiani reported that she and her colleagues recently showed that insertion of LTR (long term repeat) sequences into the CVI988 resulted in the generation of CVRM, a virus with similar protective efficacy.The CVRM virus was cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome, by insertion of mini-F sequences into the US2 gene by homologous recombination. (thepoultrysite.com)
One candidate, a phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine (FGAM) synthase (EC 6.3.5.3) gene, mapped to the same genomic interval as the major SCN resistance gene rhg1 within linkage group G. Isolation of FGAM synthase from a soybean bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library revealed two highly homologous paralogs. (psu.edu)
In order to investigate the genome dynamics in this highly polyploid context, we sequenced and compared seven hom(oe)ologous haplotypes (bacterial artificial chromosome clones). (gnpannot.org)
In the process of cloning the entire Md11 genome in a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vector, we obtained an infectious clone in which the entire terminal repeat short segment (TRS) was replaced by a portion of the duck genome. (usda.gov)
Additional traditional technologies we offer to staff, faculty, and external researchers are the production of transgenic mice by pronuclear injection of plasmid DNA or bacterial artificial chromosome DNA and the production of ESC chimeras by blastocyst injection. (nyu.edu)

Transduction is a common tool used by molecular biologists to stably introduce a foreign gene into a host cell's genome. (wikipedia.org)
This pathway, called "natural transformation," is a major mechanism of gene transfer across bacteria and has a profound effect on genome evolution, including spreading antibiotic resistances and other virulence determinants. (drexel.edu)
We have developed a novel method for mapping genes in bacteria, exploiting natural transformation in combination with genome-wide deep sequencing. (drexel.edu)
Selection for recombinants that acquired the trait, followed by genome-wide profiling of donor-specific allele frequencies, we can rapidly identify the relevant genes. (drexel.edu)
For this purpose, the VP2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was cloned into CVRM genome by recombination. (thepoultrysite.com)
The objective of work presented by Sanjay M. Reddy of Texas A&M University was to evaluate potential cloning sites in the HVT genome for stable expression of foreign genes. (thepoultrysite.com)
The term merodiploid was coined to describe situations where two copies of a region of the bacterial genome are present in a single bacterium. (asmblog.org)
CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing has revolutionized genetic research, triggering the development of a plethora of technologies and applications that provide unprecedented control over genes in a growing list of model species ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
Genome editing is achieved by precisely targeting the nuclease activity of a modified bacterial protein (Cas9) via a user-defined guide RNA to a specific DNA sequence ( 1 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
The borrelial genome is unique among bacterial genomes in that it is composed of a linear chromosome and a series of linear and circular plasmids. (cdc.gov)
Homologous alleles on different plasmids could influence the organization and evolution of the Borrelia genome by serving as foci for interplasmid homologous recombination. (cdc.gov)
We describe recent progress in the characterization of the Borrelia bdr genes and discuss the possible influence of this gene family on the biology, pathogenesis, and evolution of the Borrelia genome. (cdc.gov)
In this study, we present development and proof-of-concept of a novel CRISPR-Cas9-based genome-editing strategy for the colorimetric detection of one-step multiple gene insertion in B. subtilis . (biomedcentral.com)
Only a small fraction of a population (2 to 10%) expresses the ComK-dependent genes and thus the large majority of the population remains in the non-competent state [8 9 Within the ComK regulon twenty-eight genes are essential for genetic transformation [10] a process defined as the genetic alteration of a competent cell by incorporation of foreign DNA in its genome. (researchdataservice.com)
This flexible computational tool uses the knowledge gathered from experimental studies to identify homologous systems in genome data. (bvsalud.org)
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome is approximately 12 Mb, organized in 16 chromosomes. (yycnewcentrallibrary.com)
What is the largest bacterial genome? (yycnewcentrallibrary.com)
p. 1282 left column 2nd paragraph:"At 13,033,799 base pairs, the circular chromosome is the largest bacterial genome described to date by ~4 Mb. (yycnewcentrallibrary.com)

3. How do bacterial genomes change during the course of chronic infections? (drexel.edu)
All archaeal and many bacterial genomes contain Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindrome Repeats (CRISPR) and variable arrays of the CRISPR-associated ( cas ) genes that have been previously implicated in a novel form of DNA repair on the basis of comparative analysis of their protein product sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
All bacterial cells must duplicate their genomes prior to dividing into two identical daughter cells. (mdpi.com)
Nowadays, the production of full Wolbachia genomes does not require the physical isolation of the bacterial strains from their respective hosts, and the bacterium is often sequenced as a by-catch of host genomic projects. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we describe how to identify protein secretion systems in bacterial genomes using the MacSyFinder program. (bvsalud.org)
Casposons are a recently discovered group of large DNA transposons present in diverse bacterial and ar-chaeal genomes. (hal.science)
Our lab is experienced at generating novel mutant mouse strains by using gene targeting in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and by developing novel methods of modifying rodent genomes and assaying genetically modified cells in vivo. (nyu.edu)

The plasmids exhibit significant genetic redundancy and carry 175 paralogous gene families, most of of unknown function. (cdc.gov)
MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial strains, plasmids, and culture conditions. (irjs.info)
Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study are outlined in Table ?Table1.1. (irjs.info)
The resulting plasmids were then integrated into the chromosome at the and loci, respectively, by homologous recombination. (irjs.info)
The resulting plasmids were launched into HMZ0, and double-crossover events were selected on sucrose plates (10%) after the 1st cross-on homologous recombination. (irjs.info)
Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study strains? (irjs.info)
Upon transformation of engineered strains with engineered plasmids, strains harboring up to three gene copies integrated into the chromosome formed white colonies because of the removal of the crtMN operon, clearly distinguishable from yellow colonies harboring undesired genetic modifications. (biomedcentral.com)
To this end, a traditional approach involves the introduction of replicative plasmids, where the level of gene expression is dictated by the copy number of the plasmid in the cells [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the use of antibiotic resistance markers limits their use in industrial applications due to both the genetic instability of many recombinant plasmids in the absence of selection and the restrictions and concerns derived from the massive abuse of antibiotics, promoting the emergence of bacterial resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparative-genomic analysis of CRISPR and cas genes leads to the hypothesis that the CRISPR-Cas system (CASS) is a mechanism of defense against invading phages and plasmids that functions analogously to the eukaryotic RNA interference (RNAi) systems. (biomedcentral.com)
Different plasmid dynamics were displayed in each of the patients, including the spread of plasmids between different strain types over time and the transposition of blaCTX-M-15 from the chromosome to a plasmid, followed by subsequent loss through homologous recombination. (scilifelab.se)
Lateral gene transfers resulted in different linkages between the ospC gene and loci of the chromosome or other plasmids. (cdc.gov)

It was revealed that homologous loci kept a constant distance in nuclei of A. thaliana roots in general growth. (nature.com)
We also found that DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induce the approach of the homologous loci with γ-irradiation. (nature.com)
Furthermore, AtRAD54, which performs an important role in the homologous recombination repair pathway, was involved in the pairing of homologous loci with γ-irradiation. (nature.com)
These results suggest that homologous loci approach each other to repair DSBs and AtRAD54 mediates these phenomena. (nature.com)
Here, we examined chromatin dynamics and arrangement in living roots of A. thaliana with DNA damage, focusing our attention on the distance between homologous loci using the lacO /LacI-EGFP system. (nature.com)
We revealed that the homologous loci kept a constant three-dimensional distance in the nucleus using live-cell imaging with a bacterial operator/repressor system. (nature.com)
Moreover, the distance between two homologous loci in the interphase nucleus was shortened by γ-irradiation, which induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). (nature.com)
We found that AtRAD54, which performs an important role in the homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway, was involved in the approach of two homologous loci under γ-irradiation. (nature.com)
Our results suggest that the transient reduction in inter-allelic distance and increase in pairing frequency of homologous loci after DSB result in partial chromatin reorganisation of interphase nuclei and that AtRAD54 contributes to the subcellular movement of homologous loci in the HR repair pathway. (nature.com)

In the targeting vector, we will replace the endogenous gene with green fluorescent protein, which will enable us to determine the endogenous expression pattern of Zfyve27. (hsp-info.de)
These breakpoints, at HSA4p14 and 4q21.3, do not disrupt the protein coding region of a gene, although they occur in regions with an abundance of LINE and LTR-elements. (anthropogeny.org)
Also, they share a similar protein architecture based on an N-terminal ssDNA binding domain of ~180 amino acids and a C-terminal extension that in the case of RAD52 is required for homologous recombination (HR) through specific protein-protein interactions 6 . (nature.com)
Protein expression attributed to a single copy of the integrated gene usually results in lower yields of product compared to the use of high copy-number vectors. (biomedcentral.com)
The acquired sequence is not predicted to express any protein even though it contains one exon of the VAMP1 gene. (usda.gov)
This study shows that the expression and the localization of the bacterial actin-like MreB protein are growth phase-dependent. (researchdataservice.com)
Later studies confirmed that the RlrA protein acted as a transcription factor recognizing several promoters within the rlrA islet and showed it to be essential for wild-type levels of expression of the pili structural genes and associated sortases [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
For this, it identifies and clusters co-localized genes encoding proteins of secretion systems using sequence similarity search with Hidden Markov Model (HMM) protein profiles. (bvsalud.org)
In other bacterial pathogens, genes important for pathogenicity and host range include secreted protein effectors that suppress host immunity, alter host metabolism, and enable colonization, providing a fitness advantage. (biorxiv.org)
For integration into the host chromosome , casposons employ an endonuclease that is homologous to the Cas1 protein involved in proto-spacer integration by the CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune system. (hal.science)
Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare, autosomal recessive congenital immunodeficiency caused by mutations in CHS1 , a gene encoding a putative lysosomal trafficking protein. (biomedcentral.com)
The gene contains 53 exons (51 coding) with an open reading frame of 11,406 bp, and encodes for a 3801 amino acid protein, CHS1. (biomedcentral.com)
We expressed the Bacillus subtilis Smc protein and its two complex partners ScpA and ScpB in E. coli cells, and monitored effects on chromosome compaction by DNA staining of live cells using epifluorescence microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
One of the few antigens against which mammals develop protective immunity is the highly polymorphic OspC protein, encoded by the ospC gene on the cp26 plasmid. (cdc.gov)
By means of DNA sequencing of a large sample collection of the pathogen from across the United States, we studied the gene for the bacterium's highly diverse OspC protein, protective immunity against which develops in animals. (cdc.gov)

A plasmid that constitutively expresses was constructed by cloning of the genes into the pBBR1-MCS5 vector (16) and launched into strains by electroporation. (irjs.info)
First, up to three copies of the crtMN operon from Staphylococcus aureus , encoding a yellow pigment, were incorporated at three ectopic sites within the B. subtilis chromosome, rendering engineered strains able to form yellow colonies. (biomedcentral.com)
The unique inserts in CRISPR show virtually no similarity even between closely related bacterial strains which suggests their rapid turnover, on evolutionary scale. (biomedcentral.com)
Over time, OspC genes were transferred between strains through recombinations involving the whole or parts of the gene and one or both flanks. (cdc.gov)

10% transformation frequency), which reside in genes undergoing strong diversifying selection that encode large membrane proteins, likely as an immune invasion tactic. (drexel.edu)
Single strand annealing proteins (SSAPs) like Redβ initiate homologous recombination by annealing complementary DNA strands. (nature.com)
The plasmid-carried Borrelia direct repeat (bdr) gene family encodes polymorphic, acidic proteins with putative phosphorylation sites and transmembrane domains. (cdc.gov)
Chromosome replication is triggered when a nucleoprotein complex, termed the orisome, assembles, unwinds the duplex DNA, and recruits the proteins required to establish new replication forks. (mdpi.com)
During bacterial exponential growth the morphogenetic actin-like MreB proteins form membrane-associated assemblies that move processively following trajectories perpendicular to the long axis of the cell. (researchdataservice.com)
Author Summary In bacterial cells like in their eukaryotic counterparts precise spatiotemporal localization of proteins is critical for their cellular function. (researchdataservice.com)
Among the different classes of proteins regulating bacterial cell elongation the bacterial actin-like MreB proteins have been the most studied over the past fifteen years. (researchdataservice.com)
Often starting as a phagosome in the endocytic compartment, these bacteria-occupied vacuoles transition into organelles with novel molecular features via remodeling of host proteins and lipids through the highly coordinated actions of bacterial factors [3] [5] . (microbialcell.com)
Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins are key players in chromosome dynamics in all types of organisms. (biomedcentral.com)

Bacterial conjugation has been extensively studied in Escherichia coli, but also occurs in other bacteria such as Mycobacterium smegmatis. (wikipedia.org)
E. coli conjugation is mediated by expression of plasmid genes, whereas mycobacterial conjugation is mediated by genes on the bacterial chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
The BAC mediated homologous recombination technique is based upon the Red/GET recombination, in which the bacteriophage recombination genes are genetically engineered in E. coli to efficiently manipulate the BAC containing gene of interest with ease in short period of time. (hsp-info.de)
He points out that the E.Coli used in many experiments has a "suicide gene", a killswitch built into the organism by early scientists so they can prevent the organism from growing indefinitely. (ethanzuckerman.com)
Instead, this patient presented a complex situation where a mixed microbiota of different EPE strain types, including three different E. coli ST131 variants, as well as different bacterial species, was identified over the course of the study. (scilifelab.se)
The so-called condensin subfamily is essential for chromosome condensation in eukaryotic cells, as is the bacterial SMC complex (called MukBEF in Escherichia coli ). (biomedcentral.com)
When wild type Smc was expressed in E. coli cells, chromosomes were markedly more compacted than in the absence of expression, or during expression of ScpAB (Fig. 2C, compare with 2A and 2B) with larger space between the nucleoid and the cell poles. (biomedcentral.com)

The authors deliberately induced a single DSB in one of the homologous chromosomes in a diploid yeast strain and achieved homologous recombination-based "loss of heterozygosity" events within 20 kb of the target site. (life-science-alliance.org)
centromere chromosome heterochromatin fission yeast loss of heterozygosity (LOH) recombination Schizosaccharomyces pombe Swi6 Certain cancer cells, particularly solid tumours, are known for dramatic CIN (chromosome instability) phenotypes. (silverchair.com)

It is proposed that unique inserts of CRISPR, some of which are homologous to fragments of bacteriophage and plasmid genes, function as prokaryotic siRNAs (psiRNA), by base-pairing with the target mRNAs and promoting their degradation or translation shutdown. (biomedcentral.com)
The association of the cas genes with CRISPR and, especially, the presence, in CRISPR units, of unique inserts homologous to phage and plasmid genes make us abandon this hypothesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Diploid organisms have one chromosome from each parent. (asmblog.org)
It is clear that the number of gene copies per cell could be significant for regulation of gene expression, but the effects of multiple haploid nuclei are insignificant compared to the consequences of real diploid nuclei which have two independently inherited and therefore possibly different copies of each gene. (asmblog.org)
Phenotypic characteristics of diploid organisms result from the activities of two genes in most cases. (asmblog.org)
I think you nicely laid out the three most reasonable definitions of ploidy, but Dana also points out that the classical use of diploid (as with most eukaryotes) defies each of these definitions because it infers the acquisition of unique but homologous chromosomes from each parent. (asmblog.org)
The authors explain how a mutation in a eukaryotic diploid cell is maintained as a heterozygous cell line because during mitosis all pairs of sister chromosomes (chromatids) become aligned and separated together in a plane perpendicular to the division plane making that every daughter cell inherits the mutation. (asmblog.org)
V. faba has a diploid (2n) chromosome number of 12 (six homologous pairs). (wikipedia.org)

Breakpoint analysis of the pericentric inversion distinguishing human chromosome 4 from the homologous chromosome in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). (anthropogeny.org)
The breakpoints of the inversion that distinguishes human chromosome 4 (HSA4) from its chimpanzee counterpart were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative sequence analysis. (anthropogeny.org)

Gene transfer systems that have been extensively studied in bacteria include genetic transformation, conjugation and transduction. (wikipedia.org)
Although I bet as we learn about more and more bacteria, we may well come up with an exception like we have to the dogma that "bacteria do not have chromosome structure, do not have poly-A tails on mRNA, do not have introns", etc. (asmblog.org)
The genes appeared to be well conserved between bacteria and humans. (psu.edu)
Given the urgent need for new antibiotics to combat drug-resistant bacteria, it is logical to evaluate whether or not unexploited bacterial processes, such as orisome assembly, should be more closely examined for sources of novel drug targets. (mdpi.com)

The functioning of this system seems to involve integration of fragments of foreign genes into archaeal and bacterial chromosomes yielding heritable immunity to the respective agents. (biomedcentral.com)

We are applying a variety of genomic methods to identifying putative virulence genes, including machine learning and phylogenetic correlated evolution methods. (drexel.edu)

Even in this situation, unless the recombination system is mutated, distinct alleles of genes on the two copies rapidly undergo gene conversion ( homogenotization ) resulting in two identical copies. (asmblog.org)

This paper explores the involvement of the Toll/NF-kappaB pathway in the localized activation of wound repair genes around epidermal breaks. (sdbonline.org)

The long-term goal of this research is to apply statistical genomic approaches developed by human geneticists to the identification of bacterial virulence factors that contribute to disease in natural populations. (drexel.edu)
We found that the distributions and frequencies of types of OspC genes differed between populations of B. burgdorferi in the Northeast, the Midwest, and California. (cdc.gov)
To track differentiating cell populations, reporter cell lines generated by homologous recombination (knock-in) or via BAC transgenes have been widely used in mouse cells (5-8 ). (lu.se)

The rlrA gene was identified in the original signature tagged mutagenesis study as an essential virulence gene in murine models of infection [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulation of bacterial virulence gene expression by the host environment. (jci.org)

Our primary model system is the human bacterial pathogen Haemophilus influenzae , an important agent of ear infections (otitis media) in children, as well as lung infections associated with chronic respiratory conditions. (drexel.edu)
Legionella pneumophila is an accidental human bacterial pathogen that infects and replicates within alveolar macrophages causing a severe atypical pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease. (microbialcell.com)
Borrelia burgdorferi , an emerging bacterial pathogen, is maintained in nature by transmission from one vertebrate host to another by ticks. (cdc.gov)

Despite recent advances in genetic engineering tools for effectively regulating and manipulating genes, efficient simultaneous multigene insertion methods have not been established in Bacillus subtilis . (biomedcentral.com)
To date, multilocus integration systems in B. subtilis , which is one of the main industrial enzyme producers and a GRAS (generally regarded as safe) microbial host, rely on iterative rounds of plasmid construction for sequential insertions of genes into the B. subtilis chromosome, which is tedious and time consuming. (biomedcentral.com)

therefore, it is also important for gene regulation and DNA replication in A. thaliana as well as other organisms. (nature.com)
Obviously, the initiation of chromosome replication is essential to bacterial reproduction, but this process is not inhibited by any of the currently-used antimicrobial agents. (mdpi.com)
Here we investigated the link between cellular cholesterol and L. pneumophila intracellular replication and discovered that disruption of cholesterol biosynthesis or cholesterol trafficking lowered bacterial replication in infected cells. (microbialcell.com)

H. influenzae , like many other pathogens, is naturally competent, able to actively transport environmental DNA through its cell membranes and incorporate homologous molecules into its chromosomes. (drexel.edu)

However, regions of bacterial chromosomes undergo duplications at a very high frequency, and once duplicated these regions can be further amplified to high levels. (asmblog.org)
Remarkably, all of the hom(oe)ologous genes were predicted as being functional (except for one gene fragment) and showed signs of evolving under purifying selection, with the exception of genes within segmental duplications. (gnpannot.org)

The absence of the mismatch repair mechanism enables mutations to accumulate rapidly, ultimately affecting the genes that drive cells to proliferate and finally killing them. (pharmaguideline.com)
SCID results from mutations in any of more than 15 known genes. (medscape.com)

The objective of the work presented in Chicago was to evaluate CVMR-BAC as an expression vector of foreign genes. (thepoultrysite.com)

Nondisjunction in meiosis can lead to an abnormal number of chromosomes in the resulting cells, which is the cause of Down syndrome, Turner's syndrome, and Klinefelter's syndrome. (proprofs.com)

In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes. (proprofs.com)
Although yeast and human diverged from a common ancestor ~1 billion years ago, lines of evidence demonstrate the strong conservation of gene function between yeast and humans (3). (yycnewcentrallibrary.com)
Yeast shares some genes with humans so can also be used to test new drugs. (yycnewcentrallibrary.com)

claiming that two homologous chromosomes paired between complementary sequences lead to the formation of a cross-stranded structure that physically links the two component helices. (iucr.org)

Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells. (wikipedia.org)
Conjugation requires stable and extended contact between a donor and a recipient strain, is DNase resistant, and the transferred DNA is incorporated into the recipient chromosome by homologous recombination. (wikipedia.org)
General recombination occurs during infection, bacterial conjugation, transformation (direct DNA transfer into cells), and specific repair processes. (pharmaguideline.com)

Five pairs are acrocentric chromosomes and one pair is metacentric . (wikipedia.org)
To get pieces larger than 72,000 base pairs, Venter and others have been studying homologous recombination , which is what nature uses to put DNA together. (ethanzuckerman.com)
The most recent success was the complete chemical synthesis of a chromosome, with 582,970 base pairs. (ethanzuckerman.com)
These chromosomes are organized into pairs, with each pair consisting of two homologous chromosomes. (proprofs.com)

Newer work is using the same approach to map the genes responsible for natural variation in other pathogenesis traits, including resistance to human complement-mediated killing, as well as investigating the possibility of identifying genes involved in in vivo pathogenesis in an animal model of otitis media. (drexel.edu)

The uptake of donor DNA and its recombinational incorporation into the recipient chromosome depends on the expression of numerous bacterial genes whose products direct this process. (wikipedia.org)
One of these genes, WDFY3, exhibits a three-fold difference in expression between human and chimpanzee. (anthropogeny.org)
A simplified genetic system to identify soybean genes with modified expression in response to SCN led to the identification of several genes within the nematode feeding sites. (psu.edu)
Although a nematode-responsive element could not be identified, the observed expression of GFP within feeding sites supports the hypothesis that plant gene expression is redirected within feeding sites to benefit the parasite. (psu.edu)
To achieve maximum expression of a particular gene in Bacillus , it is highly desirable to amplify the copy number of the gene of interest [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In the case of genetic competence the central regulator ComK activates the expression of more than a hundred genes [2 6 7 Competence development in is a well-known bistable system [1]. (researchdataservice.com)
Pioneering work in the late 1990s through early 2010s resulted in vectors for gene deletion and expression in Clavibacter , but there is still reliance on these tools despite known limitations. (biorxiv.org)
We show that expression of BsSmc leads to strong chromosome compaction, while expression of ScpAB does not show any effect. (biomedcentral.com)
Chromosome compaction by Smc was also found for mutant versions lacking ATP binding or ability for head engagement, and was counteracted by concomitant expression of ScpAB. (biomedcentral.com)

With this term he emphasized that prokaryotic chromosome segregation differs fundamentally from that of eukaryotes in that it prevents the maintenance of genetically heterozygous lines, even in polyploid cells . (asmblog.org)

Furthermore, it ensures that the chromosome number of a particular species will remain the same across generations. (biologyonline.com)
The challenges, now, are making the complete transplant of a chromosome from one species, introduced and activated in another. (ethanzuckerman.com)
We wished to investigate if Smc and/or its complex partners ScpA and ScpB, which do not bind to DNA by themselves [ 10 ], can also condense chromosomes when expressed in other bacterial species. (biomedcentral.com)

One of the most important nematode resistance genes, rhg1, has been mapped to a distal region of molecular linkage group G in soybean. (psu.edu)

pXL102deletion construct in pWM91This work Open in a separate windowpane Screening of AHL synthase genes. (irjs.info)

To generate loss of function knockout mouse we will use gene-targeting technology to disturb the endogenous Zfyve27 gene of the mouse through homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells. (hsp-info.de)

The two DNA molecules are broken and scrambled to form two new chromosomes, each a mosaic of the originals. (pharmaguideline.com)

One live-cell imaging technique, a chromatin-tagging system that is based on the bacterial operator/repressor system, has been a powerful technique for analysing chromatin dynamics and arrangement in real time 11 , 12 . (nature.com)

We have used this method to map an operon involved in intracellular invasion of airway epithelial cells, a trait with implications for chronic infection, bacterial persistence, and trafficking of cells to different body sites. (drexel.edu)

in number to 1-3 per chromosome pair that are predominantly located towards the chromosome ends. (silverchair.com)

Genetic isolation of a region of chromosome 8 that exerts major effects on blood pressure and cardiac mass in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. (jci.org)

It may be that the ability of bacterial chromosomes to quickly undergo gene amplification in response to environmental selection is an effective alternative to the stable maintenance of one copy of each chromosome from both parents - seemingly different processes that are both effective solutions to the demands of evolution. (asmblog.org)

3 TEs are known to play a major role on gene regulation, evolution and disease. (weebly.com)

He points to an organism called D. Radiodurans - this organism can have its chromosomes "blown apart by radiation" and it's able to put its genetic material back together. (ethanzuckerman.com)
There are situations in nature where new chromosomes simply coexist with existing genetic material - Venter is looking for solutions where these chromosomes can knock out existing material and essentially recreate the genetic material of the cell, to "knock out the existing traits and introduce completely new traits. (ethanzuckerman.com)
In conclusion, we could demonstrate an extensive variation of EPE strain types, plasmid composition, rearrangements, and horizontal gene transfer of genetic material illustrating the high dynamics nature and interactive environment of the gut microbiota during post-UTI carriage. (scilifelab.se)

Natural transformation is a bacterial adaptation for DNA transfer between two cells through the intervening medium. (wikipedia.org)
The cell division cycle includes when chromosomes of daughter cells replicate. (wikipedia.org)
Because archea have a singular structure chromosome, the two daughter cells separate and cell divides. (wikipedia.org)
Agrobacterium cells with a genetically-modified plasmid, containing a gene for the desired trait and a marker gene, usually conferring antibiotic resistance, are incubated with protoplasts or small pieces of plant tissue. (jrank.org)
Two methods have been developed for direct gene transfer into plant cells-electroporation and biolistics. (jrank.org)
Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of cells that contain genetic information. (proprofs.com)
It is a genetic disorder that results from a mutation in the hemoglobin gene, causing red blood cells to become sickle-shaped. (proprofs.com)
After epidermal injury, barrier repair requires activation of many wound response genes in epidermal cells surrounding wound sites. (sdbonline.org)

There are two major, distinct forms of regulatory small RNAs involved in eukaryotic gene silencing: small interfering (si) RNAs and micro (mi) RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)

Second, a single CRISPR-Cas9-based plasmid carrying a highly specific single guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting crtMN operon and a changeable editing template was constructed to facilitate simultaneous insertion of multiple gene-copies through homology-directed repair (HDR). (biomedcentral.com)
When sperm and egg merge, each chromosome gets two copies back. (pharmaguideline.com)

Recent studies indicate that CRISPR-induced DNA cuts may also result in the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosome arms. (life-science-alliance.org)
However, the proximity of CRISPR and cas genes strongly suggests that they have related functions which is hard to reconcile with the repair hypothesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Firstly, we identified two BAC genomic clones (RPCIB731C16470Q2 and RPCIB731A01447Q2) from the mouse genomic DNA library RPCI-23, which is derived from the C57BL/6 mouse strain containing full genomic sequence of Zfyve27 and 50 kb flanking sequence from either end of the gene. (hsp-info.de)
Analysis of rlrA negative isolates revealed heterogeneity in the genomic region downstream of the rfl gene, the region where the islet is found in other isolates, compatible with recent loss of the islet in some lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacterial DNA could be separated from host DNA based on genomic size. (bvsalud.org)

Most recently, the potential for plant breeding has advanced significantly, with the advent of methods for the incorporation of genes from other organisms into plants via recombinant DNA-techniques. (jrank.org)

2. Can natural transformation be exploited to map pathogenesis genes? (drexel.edu)
The remaining genes upregulated in the presence of ComK may be involved in functions other than transformation. (researchdataservice.com)

To circumvent this limitation, the use of a single-crossover integrative vector, which creates direct repeats of the target fragment upon its insertion into the chromosome, offers the possibility of amplifying the integrated plasmid by growing cultures in increasing concentrations of the selective antibiotic and, therefore, amplifying gene dosage in the chromosome [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The study of breakpoints that occurred during primate evolution promises to yield valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying chromosome rearrangements in both evolution and pathology. (anthropogeny.org)
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms. (korea.ac.kr)

2007. Ohno's dilemma: Evolution of new genes under continuous selection. (asmblog.org)
Many herpesviruses including MDV, a poultry alphaherpesvirus, carry homologous host genes presumably acquired during viral evolution. (usda.gov)

Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and immunofluorescence staining has been mainly used to analyse the gene localization and chromatin distribution in nuclei of A. thaliana . (nature.com)

In-framework deletions in the and genes Rabbit Polyclonal to TEAD1 were constructed by overlapping PCR of flanking regions of the prospective genes and cloning into the pWM91 suicide vector (20). (irjs.info)

GM corn and cotton contain bacterial genes that kill insects and confer herbicide-resistance on the crops. (jrank.org)
GM squash contains viral genes that confer resistance to viruses. (jrank.org)

The ways include identifying certain pathways, genes, and functions. (wikipedia.org)

Two such genes in Drosophila encode the enzymes dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) and tyrosine hydroxylase (ple) . (sdbonline.org)

Our findings show that the SMC complex can act as autonomous condensation system in a heterologous bacterial host system, for which neither ATP binding nor ATP hydrolysis are required. (biomedcentral.com)

In the lab, Venter has created a new, tagged chromosome, and introduced it into a new cell. (ethanzuckerman.com)
Thus, Smc can hypercondense chromosomes in a heterologous cell system. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy68

Organisms13

Diseases21

Chemicals and Drugs37

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes169

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Artificial Chromosome6

Genome18

Genomes7

Plasmids12

Loci9

Protein15

Strains4

Proteins9

Coli7

Loss of heterozygos2

Plasmid genes2

Diploid6

Human chromosome2

Bacteria4

Heritable1

Putative1

Recombination system1

Pathway1

Populations3

Virulence gene2

Pathogen3

Subtilis2

Replication3

Pathogens1

Duplications2

Mutations2

Foreign genes1

Meiosis1

Humans3

Complementary1

Conjugation3

Pairs4

Including resistance1

Expression9

Prokaryotic1

Species3

Molecular1

Synthase1

Embryonic1

Molecules1

Repressor1

Infection1

Pair1

Isolation1

Amplification1

Regulation1

Genetic material3

Cells8

Eukaryotic gene1

Copies2

CRISPR2

Genomic3

Incorporation1

Transformation2

Antibiotic1

Mechanisms2

Evolution2

Localization1

Vector1

Confer2

Pathways1

Encode1

Host1

Cell2