MeiosisDiploidPairsSets of chromosomesProphaseIndividual chromosomesCell'sLociLocusAutosomesChromatidsGeneticHaploidMutationsTranslocationRecombination eventsMetaphaseSEGREGATIONSister chromatidGene on chromosomeMeiotic recombinationAneuploidyReplicationSynapsisBacterial chromosomeDeletionGenomePachyteneAberrationsEukaryotesMutationSegmentsPloidyPairBehaviorGenes locatedSpeciesEukaryoticGeneratesDuplicationNucleusSequencesPopulationsPaternalAnaphase1888CellSequenceDifferentiationProteinLinkagesNuclear
Meiosis19
- Crossing-over typically occurs during MEIOSIS but it may also occur in the absence of meiosis, for example, with bacterial chromosomes, organelle chromosomes, or somatic cell nuclear chromosomes. (harvard.edu)
- HIM-17 regulates the position of recombination events and GSP-1/2 localization to establish short arm identity on bivalents in meiosis. (harvard.edu)
- Moreover, sister chromatids of the same chromosome behave differently in mitosis and meiosis. (differencebetween.com)
- Moreover, during the metaphase I of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pairs align at the cell equator. (differencebetween.com)
- But, during the metaphase II of meiosis II, individual chromosomes (replicated) align at the cell equator. (differencebetween.com)
- The pairing of two homologous chromosomes takes place during metaphase I of meiosis. (differencebetween.com)
- Genetic and cytogenetic studies have revealed the presence of several pairing homoeologous ( Ph ) loci that ensure wheat behaves as a diploid during meiosis, with only homologous chromosomes of the same sub-genome (AA, BB or DD) pairing and recombining. (nature.com)
- crossing over, crossover (noun) the interchange of sections between pairing homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis. (penzionmulda.cz)
- Chromosome segregation errors during meiosis are the leading cause of birth defects and developmental delays in humans ( H assold and H unt 2001 ). (biorxiv.org)
- According to this theory, meiosis is a precocious mitosis, as a result of which the chromosomes which have not yet duplicated, have to enter prophase. (wandofknowledge.com)
- In 1930, Barbara was the first person to describe the cross-shaped interaction of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. (biologywise.com)
- It occurs by change in chromosome behavior during meiosis. (web-formulas.com)
- Germ cells (egg and sperm) divide through meiosis, which reduces the number of chromosomes to 23-half the number in somatic cells. (msdmanuals.com)
- In meiosis, the genetic information inherited from a person's mother and father is recombined through crossing over (exchange between homologous chromosomes). (msdmanuals.com)
- The chromosomes condense and exchange DNA genetic change during interphase of meiosis I. (themagazinenews.com)
- Throughout meiosis, the chromosome travel freely to different poles, a process known as genetic variation. (themagazinenews.com)
- During meiosis, a zygote will have twenty-three chromosomes, but cell differentiation implies that each gamete will have one of many distinct ideas are based. (themagazinenews.com)
- After meiosis I, the chromosomes cross across, resulting in genetic recombination of various alleles of the same gene chromosome. (themagazinenews.com)
- As an egg cell, or oocyte, matures inside a woman's ovary, it undergoes a type of cell division called meiosis, in which the pairs of chromosomes inside it are lined up and fished apart, and half of them are expelled. (scienceinschool.org)
Diploid9
- In the genome, each chromosome with a diploid (2n) chromosome number contain another homologous chromosome. (differencebetween.com)
- Diploid-a cell with two sets of chromosomes (2n chromosomes) 3. (gradebuddy.com)
- In wheat, a complex allohexaploid that has a diploid-like behaviour, meiotic recombination between homoeologous or alien chromosomes is suppressed through the action of several loci. (nature.com)
- In every species, the number of chromosomes is generally constant containing a diploid number of chromosomes in their somatic cells and a haploid number of chromosomes in their gametes. (golifescience.com)
- A pair of chromosomes refers to the two homologous chromosomes in a diploid individual (one chromosome from each set for a given chromosome number ). (golifescience.com)
- The major human fungal pathogen Candida albicans possesses a diploid genome, but responds to growth in challenging environments by employing chromosome aneuploidy as an adaptation mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
- Moreover, analysis showed that while expression of many genes on the monosomic Ch5 is altered in accordance with the chromosome ploidy, expression of a large fraction of genes is increased to the normal diploid level, presumably compensating for gene dose. (biomedcentral.com)
- C. albicans normally possesses a diploid genome organized in eight pairs of chromosomes, but uses reversible loss or gain of an entire chromosome or a large part of chromosomes to survive in toxic environments that would otherwise kill cells or prevent their propagation [reviewed in 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Generally chromosomes occurs in pairs and this paired number is diploid (=2n). (web-formulas.com)
Pairs14
- The reciprocal exchange of segments at corresponding positions along pairs of homologous CHROMOSOMES by symmetrical breakage and crosswise rejoining forming cross-over sites (HOLLIDAY JUNCTIONS) that are resolved during CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION. (harvard.edu)
- The 29 base pairs before this segment and the 14 base pairs following this segment happen to match the ancestral Y chromosome exactly. (phylogeographer.com)
- In red, the 13 base pairs that were overwritten with a segment of the X chromosome that contains six differences to the ancestral Y chromosome. (phylogeographer.com)
- After the next 14 identical base pairs, A1b1 also has the X chromosome allele C instead of the ancestral A (L430), indicating that this entire range of 14 identical base pairs was also 'silently' overwritten, the only evidence of the overwrite being that the 15th base pair again matches the homologous segment of the X chromosome rather than the ancestral allele of the Y chromosome. (phylogeographer.com)
- There is a change in the number of members in individual homologous pairs of chromosomes that means instead of two members in a homologous pair of chromosomes, there may be only one or nil or three or four members. (web-formulas.com)
- In humans, somatic (nongerm) cell nuclei normally have 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs. (msdmanuals.com)
- Twenty-two of the pairs, chromosome numbers 1 to 22, the autosomes, are normally homologous (identical in size, shape, and position and number of genes). (msdmanuals.com)
- Except for certain cells (for example, sperm and egg cells and red blood cells), the cell nucleus contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
- The heterodimeric complex holds homologous pairs together during synapsis. (themagazinenews.com)
- We also note that in contrast to the first Mendel law, which is always true, the second law is valid only for genes localized in different pairs of homologous chromosomes. (bystudin.com)
- The human genome consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes ( 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes ). (amboss.com)
- All homologous chromosome pairs contain two variant forms of the same gene , called " alleles ," which are passed down from parent to offspring. (amboss.com)
- Each human cell contains 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes (corresponding in structure and genetic information, i.e., 23 chromosomes are inherited from each parent). (amboss.com)
- Human cells contain 22 pairs of homologous autosomes. (amboss.com)
Sets of chromosomes3
- 1. Auto polyploidy: If added sets of chromosomes are of the same species, it is called auto polyploidy. (web-formulas.com)
- 2. Allopolyploidy: If the added sets of chromosomes are from a different species, it is called allopolyploidy. (web-formulas.com)
- Sexual reproduction necessitates diploidy, the presence of 2 sets of chromosomes, one from each person, which provides for greater genetic variability than universe at large. (themagazinenews.com)
Prophase5
- The events of meiotic prophase follow a specialized round of DNA replication when the meiotic chromosome axis is formed. (biorxiv.org)
- A . Schematic of the bouquet configuration of chromosomes during meiotic prophase I. The spatial arrangement of chromosomes with telomeres clustered and attached at the inner nuclear membrane is shown. (biorxiv.org)
- An important question at this stage, is what are those factors which bring about pairing of chromosomes in meiotic prophase? (wandofknowledge.com)
- Synaptonemal complex central element protein 1 is a major component of the transverse central element of synaptonemal complexes (SCS), formed between homologous chromosomes during meiotic prophase. (embl.de)
- Genetic recombination occurs when the chromosomes pair throughout meiotic prophase and the chromosomes pass over, resulting in genetic variety. (themagazinenews.com)
Individual chromosomes2
- During the metaphase of mitosis, individual chromosomes align at the cell equator in a way that two sister chromatids distribute besides the metaphase plate or equator. (differencebetween.com)
- The main part deals with examples of modern FISH-applications, highlighting unique possibilities of the approach, like the possibility to study individual cells and even individual chromosomes. (frontiersin.org)
Cell's5
- In contrast, in eukaryotes , all of the cell's chromosomes are stored inside a structure called the nucleus. (golifescience.com)
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the cell's genetic material, contained in chromosomes within the cell nucleus and mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)
- Homologous chromosomes line up at the primary egg cell's equator and are then fished apart by microtubules. (scienceinschool.org)
- Tomo used software that had been previously developed in Jan's lab, which allowed him to programme a laser scanning microscope to find the chromosomes in the egg cell's vast inner space, and then film them during cell division. (scienceinschool.org)
- Germ cells only carry one-half of a somatic cell's chromosomes . (amboss.com)
Loci5
- Since they are of the same length, same genes at particular loci, same staining pattern and same centromere position, nonsister chromatids are also referred to as homologous. (differencebetween.com)
- Sister chromatids are the chromatids of the same chromosome that are separated by the centromere and contained same alleles at the same loci. (differencebetween.com)
- On the other hand, nonsister chromatids are the chromatids of a homologous chromosome pair that contain different alleles of the same gene at the same loci. (differencebetween.com)
- A radiation hybrid (RH)-derived physical map of 25 markers on the feline X chromosome (including 19 Type I coding loci and 6 Type II microsatellite markers) was compared to homologous marker order on the human and mouse X chromosome maps. (nova.edu)
- Lateral gene transfers resulted in different linkages between the ospC gene and loci of the chromosome or other plasmids. (cdc.gov)
Locus7
- The replication terminus region of the E. coli chromosome encodes a locus, dif, that is required for normal chromosome segregation at cell division, dif is a substrate for site-specific recombination catalysed by the related chromosomally encoded recombinases XerC and XerD. (gla.ac.uk)
- [ 8 ] The hGR gene is one locus on the long arm of chromosome 5 (q31.3) and consists of 9 exons. (medscape.com)
- Similarly, Y chromosome locus order was remarkably conserved between cat and human Y chromosomes, with only one marker ( SMCY ) position rearranged between the species. (nova.edu)
- Each gene has a specific location (locus), which is typically the same on each of the 2 homologous chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
- The genes that occupy the same locus on each chromosome of a pair (one inherited from the mother and one from the father) are called alleles. (msdmanuals.com)
- The two homologous chromosomes contain identical alleles at a given locus . (amboss.com)
- The two homologous chromosomes contain different alleles at a given locus . (amboss.com)
Autosomes1
- The set of chromosomes in an individual is, In humans cells, each set of the chromosome is made of 23 chromosomes (22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome). (golifescience.com)
Chromatids7
- They are present in the homologous chromosome pair on the cell equator while sister chromatids are present in the same chromosome. (differencebetween.com)
- Moreover, the centromere of the chromosome joins the two sister chromatids together. (differencebetween.com)
- Sister chromatids are two replicated chromatids of a chromosome joined together by a centromere. (differencebetween.com)
- Nonsister chromatids are chromatids in each chromosome of a homologous chromosome pair. (differencebetween.com)
- First division is accompanied with reduction in chromosome number without any division of chromosomes, while second division involves separation of chromatids of the chromosomes. (wandofknowledge.com)
- The chromosomes produce a bivalent 2 inputs or a tetrad 4 chromatids shape by a process termed synapsis. (themagazinenews.com)
- The spindle fibers of the chromatids I determines the random distribution of various alleles of genes on human chromosome. (themagazinenews.com)
Genetic12
- It involves the inappropriate enhancement of the PITX1 gene due to genetic deletions and chromosome translocations. (wikipedia.org)
- However, an important challenge still facing breeders now is the ability to routinely perform DNA-introgression, a process by which distantly related chromosomes exchange genetic information that is passed onto progeny. (nature.com)
- In some embodiments, the fitness is defined as a population genetic behavior, over multiple generations, of translocation chromosomes in populations comprising both translocation-bearing individuals and non-translocation-bearing individuals. (justia.com)
- It is the outer most covering of the chromosome, formed of non-genetic material. (golifescience.com)
- She published the first genetic map for corn in 1931, showing the order of three genes on chromosome 9. (biologywise.com)
- Duplication: A part of chromosome occurs twice or duplicate and occurs during replication of genetic material. (web-formulas.com)
- The resolution of radiation hybrid (RH) maps is intermediate between that of the genetic and BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) contig maps. (biomedcentral.com)
- This information was used to develop markers from chicken EST sequence data orthologous to genes in these human regions, in addition to the existing markers from the chicken chromosome 5 genetic map. (biomedcentral.com)
- Like the child's rod pulling a toy fish by its magnet, a microtubule catches a chromosome by its kinetochore - a cluster of protein and genetic material at the centre of the chromosome's X shape. (scienceinschool.org)
- In each of these cells, after DNA duplication, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during crossing over. (scienceinschool.org)
- Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) used to assess the genetic organization of the antibiotic resistance genes (PCRs floR , A, B, C, D, E, and F) and the SGI1 junctions to the chromosome (PCRs LJ and RJ for left and right junctions respectively) are indicat- ed. (cdc.gov)
- Genetic testing encompasses a broad range of laboratory tests performed to analyze DNA, RNA, chromosomes, proteins, and certain metabolites using biochemical, cytogenetic, or molecular methods or a combination of these methods. (cdc.gov)
Haploid3
- The smallest number of chromosomes is found in Ascaris megalocephaly , having two somatic chromosomes i.e. one haploid chromosome. (golifescience.com)
- Consequently, number of chromosomes which is reduced in first division remains constant (haploid) during second division. (wandofknowledge.com)
- The chromosomes appear as thickened thread-like structures, haploid in number. (wandofknowledge.com)
Mutations2
- Translocation mutations are ones that switch parts of non-homologous chromosomes with each other. (wikipedia.org)
- These assays can detect mutations in the Tk gene that result from both gene mutations and chromosome damage. (biomedcentral.com)
Translocation4
- The second mutation that can cause the phenotype for Liebenberg syndrome is a translocation of chromosome 18 and chromosome 5. (wikipedia.org)
- In some embodiments, the high frequency is defined as when translocation-bearing versions of chromosomes make up greater than about 90% of the total chromosomes in a population as compared to wild type versions of the chromosomes involved in generating the translocation. (justia.com)
- In some embodiments, the rapid rate is defined as replacement of at least 90% of the wild type population chromosomes by the translocation-bearing altered insect population (translocation) after at most 5 generations. (justia.com)
- Translocation: A part of chromosome becomes separated and regions with another chromosome which is not its homologous chromosome. (web-formulas.com)
Recombination events1
- Any number of homologous recombination events between linear homologous chromosomes generates linear products that have the same overall structure as their parents. (gla.ac.uk)
Metaphase2
- Metaphase or early anaphase is the best condition to observe the shape of the chromosome in an organism cell. (golifescience.com)
- The general structure of somatic chromosomes can be studied best at the metaphase and anaphase of mitosis. (golifescience.com)
SEGREGATION2
- It is shown that the only DNA sequences required for wild-type dif function in the terminus region of the chromosome are contained within 33 bp known to bind XerC and XerD, and that certain active site residues of the Xer proteins known to be involved in the catalysis of recombination are required for normal chromosome segregation. (gla.ac.uk)
- Since neither the dif/Xer, nor the loxP/Cie system caused this suppression when located in other positions on the chromosome, close to oriC or within lacZ, this reinforces the idea that site-specific recombination must occur in the terminus region in order to allow normal chromosome segregation. (gla.ac.uk)
Sister chromatid2
- Hence, a single-sex cell will consist of a single sister chromatid from each chromosome. (differencebetween.com)
- [ 7 , 8 ] Sister chromatid exchanges are considered a sensitive indicator for cell genome instability, as they are thought to be the outcome of DNA double-strand breaks resulting from homologous recombination repair. (medscape.com)
Gene on chromosome2
- The first is a deletion upstream of the PITX1 gene on chromosome 5. (wikipedia.org)
- It causes disturbance in the balance of gene on chromosome and becomes incompatible for life. (web-formulas.com)
Meiotic recombination1
- The genetics of chromosome pairing and meiotic recombination is complicated by the allopolyploid nature of many crops, a widespread feature in the plant kingdom 3 . (nature.com)
Aneuploidy1
- Lyon hypothesis (X-inactivation) Sex chromosome abnormalities may involve aneuploidy, partial deletions or duplications of sex chromosomes, or mosaicism. (msdmanuals.com)
Replication1
- Stern and Hotta (1969) have shown that pre-meiotic S-phase, unlike pre-mitotic one, does not include complete chromosome replication. (wandofknowledge.com)
Synapsis1
- Zygotene is characterized by pairing of homologous chromosomes (synapsis). (wandofknowledge.com)
Bacterial chromosome1
- In Escherichia coli and related bacteria, we believe that both plasmids and the bacterial chromosome use site-specific recombination to convert multimers to monomers. (gla.ac.uk)
Deletion4
- Analysis of the irradiation-mutant ph2a in comparison to the syntenic region on rice chromosome 1 estimated the deletion to be at least 80 Mb in size 22 , but more likely to span a 120 to 125 Mb region 23 on the terminal portion of 3DS. (nature.com)
- Tight linkage and a conserved gene order for a segment encoding three genes, DFFRY-DBY-UTY in human, mouse, and cat Y chromosomes, coupled with demonstrated deletion effects of these genes on reproductive impairment in both human and mouse, implicates the region as critical for Y-mediated sperm production. (nova.edu)
- Deletion: Due to any region if any part of chromosome is separated, genes on that part are deleted. (web-formulas.com)
- The most common mutation is the deletion of 6 nucleotides at position 2281 and their replacement with 7 others, which occurs most commonly in Ashkenazi Jews. (medscape.com)
Genome2
- Finally, this RH map was used for testing the accuracy of the chicken genome assembly for chromosome 5. (biomedcentral.com)
- The high resolution framework map obtained in this study has markers covering the entire chicken chromosome 5 and reveals the existence of a high number of rearrangements when compared to the human genome. (biomedcentral.com)
Pachytene1
- Once homologous chromosomes have undergone pairing at zygotene, the cell enters the stage of pachytene, where chromosomes become shortened and coiled. (wandofknowledge.com)
Aberrations1
- These studies reveal previously unknown mechanisms for generation and elimination of cells with chromosome aberrations after exposure to IR. (bvsalud.org)
Eukaryotes1
- Linear chromosomes, for example those of eukaryotes, have evolved mechanisms to ensure that chromosome ends are protected from exonucleolytic attack and can be replicated completely. (gla.ac.uk)
Mutation2
- It is caused by a heterozygous mutation to chromosome 5. (wikipedia.org)
- The A to T mutation at position 458 that could produce a dimerization defective receptor is shown. (medscape.com)
Segments3
- The homologous segments of ChrY and ChrX. (phylogeographer.com)
- This pairing takes place between homologous segments even if they are present in non-homologous chromosomes (e.g. in case of translocations). (wandofknowledge.com)
- Complete conservation of synteny and marker order was observed between feline and human X chromosomes, whereas the same markers identified a minimum of seven rearranged syntenic segments between mouse and cat/human X chromosome marker order. (nova.edu)
Ploidy1
- In light of data pointing to the importance of Ch5 in C. albicans drug resistance, there is a growing need to better understand the control of Ch5 ploidy and regulation of genes on this chromosome. (biomedcentral.com)
Pair9
- Prior to the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse, and recombine to ensure their proper disjunction at anaphase I. Additionally, telomeres tethered at the nuclear envelope cluster in the bouquet configuration where they are subjected to dramatic pulling forces acting from outside of the nucleus. (biorxiv.org)
- For instance, in an autotetraploid, where there will be four homologous chromosomes, in a particular region only two chromosomes will pair. (wandofknowledge.com)
- In this case, if there are three or more homologous chromosomes, these will pair throughout their length, but this is not meiotic pairing. (wandofknowledge.com)
- Monosomy (2n-1) - one chromosome: Only one member in the pair of homologous chromosomes. (web-formulas.com)
- Nullisomy (2n-2): Nil members or totally missing the pair of homologous chromosomes. (web-formulas.com)
- Trisomy (2n+1): Three members in a pair of homologous chromosomes. (web-formulas.com)
- Tetrasomy (2n+2): Four members in a pair of homologous chromosomes. (web-formulas.com)
- Each pair consists of one chromosome from the mother and one from the father. (msdmanuals.com)
- The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes (X and Y), determines a person's sex as well as containing other functional genes. (msdmanuals.com)
Behavior1
- Sutton of Columbia University published the behavior of chromosomes of cells. (golifescience.com)
Genes located1
- A chromosome contains fixed number of genes located in a fixed position and in a definite sequence. (web-formulas.com)
Species4
- For example, users can view synteny/homologue blocks and homology lines across species for specific regions while hiding other, less interesting portions of the chromosome. (animalgenome.org)
- The number of chromosomes contributes to the determination of the taxonomic position of a plant or animal species. (golifescience.com)
- The chromosome number differs from species and it may range from two to several hundred. (golifescience.com)
- This is partly due to its position as a model species in various fields of biology including embryo development, oncology, immunology and evolution [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Eukaryotic1
- Each eukaryotic chromosome structure is composed of DNA coiled and condensed around nuclear proteins called histones. (golifescience.com)
Generates2
- In contrast, any odd number of homologous exchanges between circular chromosomes generates a fusion of the two circles. (gla.ac.uk)
- Alternative splicing of the hGR gene in exon 9 generates 2 highly homologous receptor isoforms, termed α and β. (medscape.com)
Duplication1
- In addition to monosomy of Ch5, this mutant acquired duplication of a chimeric Ch4/7b, resulting in trisomy of this chromosome (Fig. 1 a), and facilitating the Sou + phenotype [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Nucleus2
- However, in certain plant like Lilium, the chromosomes are densely clumped to one side, and no chromatin material is seen in the rest of the nucleus. (wandofknowledge.com)
- Genes are contained in chromosomes in the cell nucleus and mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)
Sequences2
- Linkage and physical maps are connected based on positions of markers sequences (STS) as recorded at UniSTS at NCBI. (animalgenome.org)
- The pseudoautosomal boundaries are the interface between pseudoautosomal and sex chromosome−specific DNA sequences. (arizona.edu)
Populations1
- After some time, some people find these two populations, posit that they have a common ancestor, and bring them back together, and find them reproductively incompatible. (rationalresponders.com)
Paternal2
- The bivalents are positioned at random with regard to the poles so that paternal, fraternal, or both chromosomes are similarly ordered. (themagazinenews.com)
- When genes are close together on a chromosome, they operate as though they are linked, and paternal allele combinations are frequently transmitted together by descendants. (themagazinenews.com)
Anaphase1
- Then during the anaphase I, homologous chromosomes separate from each other without splitting at the centromere. (differencebetween.com)
18882
- The term chromosome was coined by W.Waldever in 1888. (golifescience.com)
- In 1888, Heinrich W. Waldeyer introduced the name "stained body" as "chromosome" ( Waldeyer, 1888 ) for what Gregor Mendel already postulated as "Kopplungsgruppen", which refers to "linked up groups" in German ( Mendel, 1866 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cell7
- It has been proposed that this recombination converts chromosome multimers formed by homologous recombination back to monomers in order that they can be segregated prior to cell division. (gla.ac.uk)
- SCS combines information from neighboring spots and employs a transformer model to adaptively learn the relevance of different spots and the relative position of each spot to the center of its cell. (bilkent.edu.tr)
- The chromosomes have the ability of self-reproduction and keep their form and the physiological properties through the cell division. (golifescience.com)
- At the equator of the cell, bivalent chromosomes connect to the spindles and realign. (themagazinenews.com)
- We were able, for the first time, to keep track of all the kinetochores throughout cell division - so there's not a single time point where it's ambiguous where that part of the chromosome is - and that's really a breakthrough in the field, achieving this in these very large and light-sensitive cells," says Jan Ellenberg, who heads the research group. (scienceinschool.org)
- The oocyte is a big cell, but the chromosomes sit in only a small part of that cell, and that's what we were interested in. (scienceinschool.org)
- By focusing the microscope only on the part of the cell where the chromosomes are, Tomo was able to obtain high-resolution images at short intervals of only one and a half minutes, which gave him a very clear picture of the process. (scienceinschool.org)
Sequence5
- Dotted line represents where a sequence in one line cannot be aligned with a sequence at the corresponding position in the other line. (biomedcentral.com)
- Inversion: Sometimes chromosome cuts into two pieces and separated pieces rotates at 180° and rejoin with original one by altering the sequence. (web-formulas.com)
- Only two discrepancies were observed in relation to the sequence assembly recently reported for this chromosome. (biomedcentral.com)
- The predicted amino acid sequence of the 540 bp coding region is 48% homologous to 12E7, the product of MIC2. (arizona.edu)
- Downstream of the retron sequence is identified a variant SGI1 antibiotic-resistance gene cluster the yidY gene, which is also found in the chromosome of in a multidrug-resistant strain of S. enterica serovar Albany isolated from food fish from Thailand and imported to other S. enterica serovars (7). (cdc.gov)
Differentiation2
- Through QTL analyses we identified one major Quantitative trait chromosome (QTC) underlying differentiation in circadian timing of mating activity. (biomedcentral.com)
- the smaller Y chromosome carries genes that initiate male sex differentiation, as well as a few other genes. (msdmanuals.com)
Protein2
- ZIP4 is a ZMM protein involved in homologous recombination and may act as a hub through physical interactions with components of the chromosome axis and other ZMMs 19 . (nature.com)
- We find that both crossovers and non-crossovers are strongly depleted at DSB hotspots where the DSB-positioning protein PRDM9 fails to bind to the unbroken homologous chromosome, revealing that PRDM9 also functions to promote homologue-templated repair. (ox.ac.uk)
Linkages1
- Chiasmata could form at any point along its chromosome, however during shows the problem, the chiasmatic linkages are transported to the ends of the chromosomes. (themagazinenews.com)
Nuclear2
- In some animals, particularly in insects, chromosomes have their ends drawn together at a point on nuclear membrane, near centriole. (wandofknowledge.com)
- Here especially highlighted variations of FISH are molecular combing, chromosome orientation-FISH (CO-FISH), telomere-FISH, parental origin determination FISH (POD-FISH), FISH to resolve the nuclear architecture, multicolor-FISH (mFISH) approaches, among other applied in chromoanagenesis studies, Comet-FISH, and CRISPR-mediated FISH-applications. (frontiersin.org)