Hole ozone. Medical search. Frequent questions

But Earth's ozone layer has been damaged by well-intentioned chemicals-chlorofluorocarbons, used for refrigerants and aerosol spray-cans-that have the unintended consequence of destroying ozone molecules. (nasa.gov)
The hole in the Earth's ozone layer is expected to fully heal within 50 years, climate change experts predict in a new UN report . (cnn.com)
Earth's atmosphere contains an unexpectedly large amount of an ozone-depleting compound from an unknown source decades after the compound was banned worldwide.The compound, carbon tetrachloride, was used in applications such as dry cleaning and as a fire-extinguishing agent, until its regulation in 1987 under the Montreal Protocol along with other chlorofluorocarbons that destroy ozone and contribute to the ozone hole over Antarctica. (nasa.gov)
Since its launch in 2004, Aura has monitored the Earth's atmosphere and provided data on the ozone layer, air quality, and greenhouse gases associated with climate change. (nasa.gov)
The Earth's ozone layer prevents most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet light from reaching the ground, protecting all the life forms on the planet's surface. (livescience.com)
You remember ozone holes: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) from aerosol cans and refrigerators deplete the earth's protective ozone layer and thus allow more ultraviolet radiation through, elevating the risk of skin cancer, cataracts, and other maladies. (zdnet.com)
This thinning out of Earth's important ozone layer is what resulted in many aerosols being reformulated to help reduce the rate that ozone is being depleted. (slashgear.com)
We're guessing you've heard about the hole in Earth's ozone layer. (www.csiro.au)
As their name suggests, the release of ozone depleting substances into our atmosphere reduces the amount of ozone in Earth's stratosphere. (www.csiro.au)
Past analyses have suggested that ozone depletion has been dropping, but now NASA has finally been able to confirm that the Earth's natural "sunscreen" layer is finally healing. (naturalnews.com)
Chemicals released as defunct satellites burn in the atmosphere could damage Earth's protective ozone layer if plans to build megaconstellations of tens of thousands of satellites, such as SpaceX's Starlink , go ahead as foreseen, scientists warn. (space4peace.org)
The ozone layer is a part of the Earth's atmosphere and acts as a shield, absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. (sky.com)
DARIAN WOODS, BYLINE: The ozone layer is like Earth's natural beach umbrella. (kuer.org)
The huge hole in Earth's protective ozone layer reached its maximum in September, and this year NASA says it was 7.6 million square miles wide (19.6 million square kilometres). (weather.com)
In the 1980s it was discovered that the protective ozone layer over the North and South poles was becoming progressively thinner, thus allowing more and more harmful UV radia-tion to reach the Earth's surface. (mpic.de)
The same destructive process that opened a hole in the Earth's protective ozone layer over Antarctica is operating in the arctic, the head of Canada's ozone research team says. (deseret.com)
In this NASA false-color image, the blue and purple shows the hole in Earth's protective ozone layer over Antarctica on Oct. 30, 2023. (abc27.com)
Because of chemicals in aerosol sprays and refrigerants that produce chemicals that munch ozone, Earth's ozone layer a few decades ago started to thin and even form a large hole over Antarctica during September and October. (abc27.com)
These holes allow the UV rays to enter the earth's atmosphere which are harmful to people. (ikidyounot.in)

The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASAâ€™s Aura satellite acquired data for this map of ozone concentrations over Antarctica on September 12, 2010. (nasa.gov)
Paul Newman, a lead ozone researcher at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., said this year, warmer-than-normal temperatures around the edge of the polar vortex that forms annually in the stratosphere over Antarctica are responsible for the smaller ozone loss. (nasa.gov)
In a new study, scientists from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center say that the ozone hole will be consistently smaller than 8 million square miles by the year 2040.Ozone-depleting chemicals in the atmosphere cause an ozone hole to form over Antarctica during the winter months in the Southern Hemisphere. (nasa.gov)
Year-to-year weather variability significantly impacts Antarctica ozone because warmer stratospheric temperatures can reduce ozone depletion," said Paul A. Newman, chief scientist for atmospheres at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.Scientists are working to determine if the ozone hole trend over the last decade is a result of temperature increases or chorine declines. (nasa.gov)
An increase of stratospheric temperature over Antarctica would decrease the ozone hole's area. (nasa.gov)
The hole in the planet's ozone layer may be shifting wind patterns and cloud cover over Antarctica in a way that could be triggering slightly warmer global temperatures, a new study finds. (livescience.com)
In the early 1980s, scientists discovered a hole in the ozone layer that forms over Antarctica during the Southern Hemisphere's spring months, from September to November. (livescience.com)
The ozone hole (blue) can be seen here over Antarctica on Oct. 4, 2019. (livescience.com)
The ozone hole above Antarctica , where the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays bust through an otherwise sunscreened stratosphere, has shrunk to its smallest size on record going back to 1982, scientists have found. (livescience.com)
So, the ozone hole over Antarctica tends to be much bigger in the southern winter. (livescience.com)
When temperatures over Antarctica start to warm up, the polar clouds in the stratosphere dissipate, meaning that there's no place for those ozone-annihilating chemical reactions to take place. (livescience.com)
We've been hearing about the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica since the 80s. (slashgear.com)
The damage was so severe that by the 1990s, the concentration of ozone over Antarctica was dropping to less than half the minimum level observed prior to 1979. (www.csiro.au)
The hole over Antarctica was first discovered in 1985. (good.is)
The ozone layer over Antarctica is exceptionally thin, and has been gradually shrinking since the early 2000s. (good.is)
In 2018, the hole over Antarctica was nearly 9 million square miles, or, to put it in perspective, an area just smaller than North America. (good.is)
These maps, generated from NASA satellite data, show the growing hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica for each October from 1979 to 1984. (berkeley.edu)
Thirty-some-odd years ago, scientists first became aware of a hole in the ozone layer, which had formed over Antarctica. (naturalnews.com)
According to the study, the amount of ozone-killing chlorine in the atmosphere over Antarctica is dropping by a rate of 0.8 percent each year. (naturalnews.com)
In the 30 years of international efforts to limit ozone-depleting chemicals, ozone levels in the Arctic haven't yet sunk to Antarctica levels. (science20.com)
While there is certainly some depletion of Arctic ozone, the extremes of Antarctica so far are very different from what we find in the Arctic, even in the coldest years," says Susan Solomon, Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Science at MIT and lead author of a paper on it in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . (science20.com)
It's really a success story of science and policy, where the right things were done just in time to avoid broader environmental damage," says Solomon, who made some of the first measurements in Antarctica that pointed toward CFCs as the primary cause of the ozone hole. (science20.com)
While this dip did depress ozone levels, the decrease was nowhere near as drastic as the nearly complete loss of ozone in the heart of the layer seen in many years in Antarctica. (science20.com)
The MIT team's work also helps to show chemical reasons for the differences, demonstrating that ozone loss in Antarctica is closely associated with reduced levels of nitric acid in air that is colder than that in the Arctic. (science20.com)
The hole in the ozone layer, which forms annually between September and December over Antarctica , has reached its maximum size for 2020 of around 8.9 million square miles. (sky.com)
JONATHAN SHANKLIN: It went, really, from the first hints in our data to over half the ozone layer over Antarctica disappearing in just 10 years - as time short as that. (kuer.org)
The ozone hole is a common seasonal phenomenon observed yearly over the South Pole areas (Antarctica) due to the release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the atmosphere from human activity. (aeronomie.be)
WASHINGTON - NASA says the ozone hole over Antarctica shrank to its smallest peak since 1988. (weather.com)
After persisting for decades, the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica has begun to 'heal', exhibiting an ozone increase. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
But, the depletion of ozone over Antarctica in the spring remains a serious issue. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
The ozone hole above Antarctica in 2006. (mpic.de)
Climate change can seem like a problem too massive to realistically tackle, but if we can reduce ozone depletion in Antarctica through the relatively simple measure of eliminating CFCs, there is no telling what else we could accomplish. (sciencealert.com)
Whereas the ozone hole over Antarctica was the smallest ever measured last year, it could well be one of the largest this year. (aeronomie.be)
Left: Reanalysis of the ozone layer evolution based on satellite observations, on 2 October 2006, the year in which the lowest amount of ozone was encountered over Antarctica since 2003. (aeronomie.be)
Evolution of the ozone hole above Antarctica. (aeronomie.be)
In addition to keeping ozone depletion minimal, the weather systems responsible for the temperature shift reduced the jet stream around Antarctica from 161 miles per hour to 67. (kxlf.com)
With last year's undersea volcano injecting massive amounts of water high into the atmosphere, scientists were bracing for a big Antarctica ozone hole this fall. (abc27.com)
is having a close eye on the Antarctic region to monitor the development of this year´s ozone hole over the South Pole, which has now reached an extent larger than Antarctica. (copernicus.eu)
A simulated image of the ozone hole in October over Antarctica. (9news.com.au)
In 1987, several countries agreed to ban or phase down the use of more than 100 ozone-depleting chemicals that had caused a 'hole' in the layer above Antarctica. (9news.com.au)
Ozone values in surrounding areas are generally lower than over the continent The temperature of the ozone layer over Antarctica is at its summer maximum and is now far too warm for polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) to exist. (theozonehole.org)
A giant ozone hole has opened up over Antarctica. (nextclima.eu)
No. Earlier, scientists had discovered a large hole over Antarctica, but recently a hole that is some seven-times bigger has been discovered in the lower stratosphere over the tropics. (ikidyounot.in)
It has somewhat achieved its goal as the hole above Antarctica is healing. (ikidyounot.in)
Large ozone holes form over Antarctica because the stratosphere over the polar region is very cold in winter. (lu.se)

In parts of the stratosphere, where most of the ozone is found, the layer has recovered at a rate of 1-3% per decade since 2000, the authors state. (cnn.com)
The amount of ozone in the stratosphere varies naturally throughout the year, with zone depletion most pronounced in polar regions, resulting in so-called ozone holes. (cnn.com)
Strahan wrote, "All of this is evidence that the Montreal Protocol is working - the chlorine is decreasing in the Antarctic stratosphere, and the ozone destruction is decreasing along with it. (naturalnews.com)
The depletion of ozone in the stratosphere, the second lowest layer of the atmosphere extending between altitudes of approximately 7 to 40 miles (10 to 60 kilometers), led to an increased risk of cancer and eye damage for humans on Earth. (space4peace.org)
Gerhard Drolshagen, of the University of Oldenburg, Germany, who has published papers about the effects of meteoroid material on Earth, told Space.com that reentering satellites usually evaporate at altitudes between 55 and 30 miles (90 and 50 km), just above the ozone-rich stratosphere. (space4peace.org)
The ozone hole forms in the lower stratosphere, at an altitude roughly between 15 and 30 km. (aeronomie.be)
Watch the full animation on ozone, active chlorine and nitrous oxide in the lower stratosphere here. (aeronomie.be)
In conclusion: a stable, long-lasting vortex, persistent freezing temperatures and a substantial amount of chlorine in the stratosphere made that the chlorine had time to effectively destroy the ozone. (aeronomie.be)
The hole in the ozone layer above the Antarctic is very deep this year, due to the exceptionally cold temperatures in the stratosphere. (aeronomie.be)
Cloud particles in the cold stratosphere lead to reactions that destroy ozone molecules, which are made of three oxygen atoms. (kxlf.com)
The assimilation of data from MLS was crucial to obtain a good agreement with the observed ozone profiles both in the polar stratosphere and troposphere. (copernicus.org)
Existing literature has already found reasons for these large ozone holes: Smoke from the 2019 bushfires and a volcanic eruption (La Soufriere), as well as a general relationship between the polar stratosphere and El Niño Southern Oscillation,' Martin Jucker, a scientist at the Climate Change Research Centre at the University of New South Wales, told the Science Media Centre. (9news.com.au)
We know that during La Niña years, the polar vortex in the stratosphere tends to be stronger and colder than usual, which means that ozone concentrations will also be lower during those years. (9news.com.au)
Unusual atmospheric conditions, including freezing temperatures in the stratosphere, have led ozone levels to plummet - causing a 'mini-hole' in the ozone layer. (esa.int)
The hole in the Southern Hemisphere is typically caused by chemicals, such as chlorine and bromine migrating into the stratosphere, creating catalytic reactions during Antarctic winter. (nextclima.eu)
When temperatures high up in the stratosphere start to rise in the late spring, ozone depletion slows, the polar vortex weakens and finally breaks down, and by December, ozone levels usually return to normal. (nextclima.eu)
Ozone hole is a region of exceptionally depleted ozone in the stratosphere of the ozone layer in high altitudes i.e.., the Antarctic, chiefly in winter, attributed to the chemical action of CFCs andother atmospheric pollutants (like aerosol sprays and plastic foams) resulting in an increase in ultraviolet rays at ground level (ex: southern Australia) which gives rise to an increased risk of skin cancer. (conceptera.in)
And once this gas reaches the stratosphere, it causes ozone layer depletion. (ikidyounot.in)
Above that, at 15-50 kilometres above sea level, we have the stratosphere, which includes the ozone layer that, amongst other things, protects Earth from ultraviolet radiation (UV radiation). (lu.se)
In the stratosphere, the aerosol particles affect the ozone, causing it to break down and making the protective layer thinner. (lu.se)

In the late 1980s, governments around the world woke up to the destruction of the ozone layer and negotiated the Montreal Protocol, an international treaty to phase out ozone-depleting chemicals. (nasa.gov)
The treaty included a requirement that scientists regularly assess and report on the health of the ozone layer, particularly the annual Antarctic ozone hole . (nasa.gov)
In January 2011, the Ozone Secretariat of the United Nations Environment Programme released its latest report and noted that the Protocol has "protected the stratospheric ozone layer from much higher levels of depletion. (nasa.gov)
that is, the days with the thinnest ozone layer as measured in Dobson Units (DU) . (nasa.gov)
The ozone layer outside the Polar Regions is projected to recover to its pre-1980 levels some time before the middle of this century. (nasa.gov)
that is, the days with the thinnest ozone layer. (nasa.gov)
NASA satellites have observed the Antarctic ozone hole since the late 1970s-before and after nations agreed to stop producing chemicals that destroy the ozone layer. (nasa.gov)
The same international agreement that successfully put the ozone layer on the road to recovery is now being used to address climate change. (nasa.gov)
Moreover, they said, the data are not conclusive that the ozone layer is recovering. (nasa.gov)
The seasonal hole in the Arctic ozone layer could be the worst ever this year if the current cold conditions persist, scientists are warning. (newscientist.com)
Temperatures in the Arctic ozone layer are now the coldest for 50 years and have been consistently low for two months. (newscientist.com)
The ozone layer blankets the Earth at an altitude between 15 to 30 kilometres. (newscientist.com)
European Union scientists said on Friday that if the exceptionally cold temperatures continue, and the persistent polar clouds - which alter the chemistry of the ozone layer - remain, then large ozone losses will be likely when spring sunlight returns in the coming weeks. (newscientist.com)
A fragile shield of gas around the planet, the ozone layer protects animal and plant life from the powerful ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sun. (cnn.com)
When the ozone layer is weakened, more UV rays can get through, making humans more prone to skin cancer, cataracts and other diseases. (cnn.com)
The decline in CFCs in our atmosphere as a result of those measures now mean the ozone layer is expected to have fully recovered sometime in the 2060s, according to the report by the UN Environment Programme, World Meteorological Organization, European Commission and other bodies. (cnn.com)
We're raising a flag to the global community to say, 'This is what's going on, and it is taking us away from timely recovery of the ozone layer,'" NOAA scientist Stephen Montzka, the study's lead author, said in a statement at the time. (cnn.com)
The ozone layer helps shield life on Earth from potentially harmful ultraviolet radiation that can cause skin cancer and damage plants.The Montreal Protocol agreement beginning in 1987 regulated ozone depleting substances, such as chlorine-containing chlorofluorocarbons and bromine-containing halons. (nasa.gov)
A satellite view of the status of the ozone layer over the Antarctic pole on Aug. 5. (livescience.com)
Earlier this year, observations from the European Space Agency 's MetOp weather satellite indicated that the hole in the ozone layer is shrinking . (livescience.com)
Grise anticipates that as the ozone layer recovers , the jet stream will shift less. (livescience.com)
Senior scientist for the Environmental Defense Fund Michael Oppenheimer and science journalist Michael Lemonick of Time Magazine report on the developing hole in the ozone layer and the danger it hole poses. (charlierose.com)
Typically, at this time of year, the hole in the ozone - a layer made up of molecules containing three oxygen atoms - grows to about 8 million square miles (20 million square kilometers), NASA said. (livescience.com)
If higher temperatures are good for the ozone layer, does that mean that hole will get even smaller as humans pump greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide into the atmosphere? (livescience.com)
That reaction causes depletion the ozone layer until early December. (slashgear.com)
This is a problem because the ozone layer acts like a sunscreen for Earth and all its inhabitants (i.e. you). (www.csiro.au)
Without an ozone layer, more ultra-violet (UV) radiation from the sun passes through our atmosphere. (www.csiro.au)
During the 1980s, scientists discovered that key ODSs known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) caused significant damage to the ozone layer. (www.csiro.au)
The hole in the ozone layer was at best a reason to not use hairspray, and at worst an indicator of a grizzly future in which all human life is roasted by an angry sun. (good.is)
The 2018 Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion found that the ozone layer is on the road to recovery, thanks to efforts to repair the damage. (good.is)
In the mid-1970s, scientists began to be aware that man-made gasses from chemicals released from aerosol cans, air conditioners, dry-cleaning chemicals, and refrigerators were escaping into the upper atmosphere and wreaking havoc on the ozone layer. (good.is)
If the Montreal Protocol had not been enacted, the ozone layer could have been completely destroyed by 2065, nearly the same year it is now projected to fully heal. (good.is)
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have been used to replace CFCs, and while they do not hurt the ozone layer, they do have greenhouse gas properties much stronger than carbon dioxide. (good.is)
When scientists first noticed the hole that had formed in the ozone layer, many believed that chloro-fluorocarbons (CFCs) were the cause. (naturalnews.com)
The ozone layer is an essential shield from the sun's radiation. (naturalnews.com)
In 2005, NASA began permanent surveillance of the hole in the ozone layer, using its Aura satellite to monitor its status. (naturalnews.com)
The research, led by Dr. Susan Strahan of Nasa's Goddard Space Flight Centre in Greenbelt, Maryland, also reportedly suggests that a reduction atmospheric CFC levels is responsible for helping the ozone layer heal. (naturalnews.com)
While the reduction in CFCs is no doubt good for the environment (especially the ozone layer), these hazardous chemicals have unfortunately been replaced by more toxic chemicals. (naturalnews.com)
While the ozone layer may be healing, there is no shortage of environmental toxins out there in the world -- it's not just CFCs and HFCs. (naturalnews.com)
Will the closing of the ozone layer inspire more bans on toxic chemicals? (naturalnews.com)
After all, if the ozone layer can heal up, perhaps it's not too late for the rest of the planet. (naturalnews.com)
When defunct satellites burn in the atmosphere, they leave behind chemicals that could damage the ozone layer and affect how much light Earth absorbs. (space4peace.org)
The aluminum from re-entering satellites also has a potential to damage the ozone layer , a problem well known to humanity, which has been successfully solved by widespread bans on the use of chlorofluorocarbons, chemicals used in the past in aerosol sprays and refrigerators. (space4peace.org)
In their paper, Boley and his colleague Michael Byers cite research by their counterparts from the Aerospace Corporation, a U.S. non-profit research organization, which identified local damage to the planet's ozone layer triggered by the passage of polluting rockets through the atmosphere. (space4peace.org)
That creates these little temporary holes in the stratospheric ozone layer. (space4peace.org)
The ozone layer protects life on Earth from harmful UV radiation. (space4peace.org)
To obtain their findings, the researchers used balloon and satellite data from the heart of the ozone layer over both polar regions. (science20.com)
However, chemicals and substances created by humans have led to thinning in the layer, known as ozone holes. (sky.com)
This international treaty sets out to protect the ozone layer by banning chemicals, such as CFCs, which cause damage. (sky.com)
This is why Darian Woods and Kenny Malone from our Planet Money team went looking for a moment in time when the world got together and fixed something, that time we plugged the hole in the ozone layer. (kuer.org)
KENNY MALONE, BYLINE: And in the early 1980s, a young researcher named Jonathan Shanklin noticed that a massive hole was opening up in the ozone layer. (kuer.org)
The hole in the ozone layer is slowly but surely closing. (kuer.org)
This spring, the Arctic was marked by what may be the largest hole in the ozone layer ever recorded over the North Pole. (aeronomie.be)
These are the CFCs whose industrial production was stopped several decades ago to protect the ozone layer. (aeronomie.be)
Left: The bottom graph shows the evolution of the thickness of the ozone layer for 2011 (blue line), 2017 (white), 2020 (red and green, for the analysis and forecast respectively), as well as the range of values for all the years 2004-2019 apart from 2011 (grey zone). (aeronomie.be)
The ozone layer is expected to continue to slowly recover as a direct result of the Montreal Protocol, which globally restricts the use of ozone depleting substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
The chemicals that drive ozone depletion have been decreasing in concentration for several years, but they have long lifetimes in the atmosphere and it will be decades yet before the ozone layer will have entirely recovered. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
Chemists Mario J. Molina and Frank Sherwood Rowland had already warned of the negative impact of chlorofluorocarbons released by humans on the ozone layer. (mpic.de)
1987 saw the signing of the Montreal Protocol for the protection of the ozone layer. (mpic.de)
The global environmental agreement contributed significantly to the replacement of ozone-depleting CFCs with other substances and to the slow recovery of the ozone layer. (mpic.de)
Two years after the Antarctic hole was discovered in 1985, a number of nations signed the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer , a series of regulations that took action against ozone-depleting compounds. (sciencealert.com)
The Montreal Protocol, which came into force in 1987, has curbed the amount of halocarbons in the atmosphere, resulting in the slow recovery of the ozone layer. (aeronomie.be)
The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) is funded by the European Commission to monitor the state of our atmosphere and delivers daily updates about the state of the ozone layer. (aeronomie.be)
The Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB) contributes to CAMS thanks to its expertise in modelling and observations of the ozone layer. (aeronomie.be)
Sunday, 16 September 2007 Earth Negotiations Bulletin- The twentieth anniversary of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was commemorated on Sunday, 16 September 2007, with a seminar entitled "Celebrating 20 Years of Progress. (theozonehole.com)
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was agreed on 16 September 1987 and entered into force on 1 January 1989. (theozonehole.com)
The ozone layer - which protects us from harmful ultraviolet radiation - is recovering at the poles, but unexpected decreases in part of the atmosphere may be preventing recovery at lower latitudes. (org.in)
New NASA satellite data confirms what other research has shown, namely that the hole in the ozone layer appears to be getting smaller. (org.in)
The result of a thinner ozone layer is increased penetration of the sun's ultraviolet radiation, leading to increased skin cancer, eye damage and damage to crops. (deseret.com)
Unusual weather patterns in the upper atmosphere limited depletion of ozone, the layer in our atmosphere that acts like sunscreen and protects us from ultraviolet radiation. (kxlf.com)
NOAA's balloons carry "sondes," which can measure the ozone layer. (kxlf.com)
The ozone layer over the Antarctic is expected to recover by 2070 as compounds used as coolants, called chlorofluorocarbons, decline. (kxlf.com)
When the Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai volcano shot millions of tons of water into the southern hemisphere's atmosphere in January 2022, scientists figured the water, 10% more than usual, would eventually be bad for the ozone layer. (abc27.com)
That's because liquid water in the upper atmosphere gives a place for chlorine and bromine to perch and then eat away at the ozone layer, making the annual fall hole bigger, Newman said. (abc27.com)
On the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer , CAMS is giving a first status update on the stratospheric hole that appears every year during Austral spring, and the ozone layer that protects the Earth from the harmful properties of sunrays. (copernicus.eu)
CAMS' operational monitoring of the ozone layer is using computer modelling in combination with satellite observations in a similar way to weather forecasts in order to provide a comprehensive three-dimensional picture of the state of the ozone hole. (copernicus.eu)
A different set of observations is included, which provide crucial information about the vertical structure of the ozone layer, but has limited horizontal coverage. (copernicus.eu)
The ozone hole and thinning ozone layer has improved a bit thanks to the 1987 Montreal Protocol, when countries in the world agreed to stop producing many of the chemicals that deplete ozone, Newman said. (wsav.com)
The recovery of the ozone layer - which sits kilometres above the Earth and protects the planet from ultraviolet radiation - has been celebrated as one of the world's greatest environmental achievements. (9news.com.au)
Some scientists are skeptical of the study's findings, which rely heavily on the holes observed in 2020 to 2022 and use a short period - 19 years - to make conclusions about the long-term health of the ozone layer. (9news.com.au)
2007 was the International Year of the Ozone Layer. (theozonehole.org)
The ozone layer, which sits between 9 and 22 miles above the Earth, protects the planet from ultraviolet radiation. (nextclima.eu)
However, due to increasing human interference with the environment , the ozone layer is depleting every year. (astrotalk.com)
The tension in the stratospheric layer is leading to many ozone holes from the year 1980. (astrotalk.com)
However, it beat the records of being the biggest Arctic Ozone layer ever . (astrotalk.com)
The ozone layer is a thin part of the Earth that protects the earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays. (ikidyounot.in)
The ozone layer acts like a sponge as it absorbs a type of the sun's radiation called ultraviolet radiation (also called UV light) which can have harmful effects on people, plants, and animals on earth. (ikidyounot.in)
First, we need to know that what we call an ozone hole is not a real hole, but a part or portion in the layer where ozone is thinner in comparison to others. (ikidyounot.in)
A chemical called Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) is the main reason for ozone holes or ozone layer depletion. (ikidyounot.in)
How do they affect the ozone layer? (ikidyounot.in)
However, when the CFCs reach the ozone layer, their molecules don't let the ozone molecules reform after being broken apart. (ikidyounot.in)
Its main aim was to save the ozone layer. (ikidyounot.in)
In the protocol, substances like CFCs, halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform were targeted as the main causes of ozone layer depletion. (ikidyounot.in)
He fears that the global increase in forest fires could have a significant impact on the ozone layer. (lu.se)
The combination of these two factors leads to holes in the ozone layer and more UV radiation reaching us," explains Johan Friberg. (lu.se)
The International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer occurs on the 16th of September. (lu.se)
However, as the ozone layer heals, the limelight shifts to the grander issue of climate change. (lu.se)
This year, the theme selected by the UN is Montreal Protocol: fixing the ozone layer and reducing climate change . (lu.se)
The theme underlines the pivotal role of the Montreal Protocol in not only healing the ozone layer but also in combatting climate change. (lu.se)
The global agreement works towards the necessary protection of the ozone layer by ensuring compliancy in the phasing out of harmful chemicals known as ozone-depleting substances (ODS). (lu.se)
Good news - the ozone layer is on its way to recovery. (lu.se)
The Montreal Protocol's impact on ozone layer recovery has been nothing short of remarkable. (lu.se)
Thanks to global efforts, we have witnessed the first signs of healing in the ozone layer. (lu.se)
Reports project the ozone layer to return to its pre-1980 levels around the middle of the century. (lu.se)

On October 7, 1989 (top right), the year that the Montreal Protocol went into force, ozone dropped to 108 DU. (nasa.gov)
In 1987, the Montreal Protocol banned the use of CFCs worldwide, and despite the persistence of the ozone hole, the international agreement has had demonstrable effects. (livescience.com)
200 nations signed up to the Montreal Protocol, which phases out the use of ozone-damaging chemicals. (zdnet.com)
For CO2 optimists, the Montreal Protocol on ozone improvement provides hope. (zdnet.com)
Thanks to a not-so-little thing called the Montreal Protocol , we've come a long way over the last three decades towards phasing out the production and consumption of nearly 100 ozone depleting substances (ODSs). (www.csiro.au)
So, if we've all signed up to the Montreal Protocol, why was there such a sizable ozone hole this year? (www.csiro.au)
According to the recent UN report, "Actions taken under the Montreal Protocol have led to decreases in the atmospheric abundance of controlled ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) and the start of the recovery of the stratospheric ozone. (good.is)
Under the Montreal Protocol, which was introduced in 1989, these ozone-killing chemicals were put to bed. (naturalnews.com)
Since the Montreal Protocol was initiated, ozone depletion has been reduced by approximately 20 percent -- not too shabby. (naturalnews.com)
After the ozone-attacking properties of CFCs were discovered in the 1980s, countries across the world agreed to phase out their use as part of the 1987 Montreal Protocol treaty. (science20.com)
Scientists from the European Union's Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) have said the return of a large hole, following an "unusually small and short-lived" one in 2019 , shows the need to enforce the global Montreal Protocol. (sky.com)
After the unusually small and short-lived ozone hole in 2019, which was driven by special meteorological conditions, we are registering a rather large one again this year, which confirms that we need to continue enforcing the Montreal Protocol banning emissions of ozone depleting chemicals. (sky.com)
In 1987, virtually every country in the world, including New Zealand, signed on to the Montreal Protocol in a concerted effort to ban the use of CFCs and repair the ozone hole. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
It is a consequence of the successful implementation of the Montreal Protocol which regulates the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
For a few years, scientists have been arguing whether ozone recovery is now evident or not (one or two authors had used questionable methods to infer this), but the longer the Montreal Protocol is in place, the easier ozone recovery will be to identify and the more unambiguous the finding will be. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
The panel discussions focused on the history, development and implementation of the Montreal Protocol, ozone science, links with other environmental issues, and future challenges. (theozonehole.com)
That ban, agreed under the Montreal Protocol, is widely considered to have been effective in aiding the ozone layer's recovery. (9news.com.au)
So, while the Montreal Protocol has been indisputably successful in reducing CFCs over time and preventing environmental catastrophe, the recent persistent Antarctic ozone holes appear to be closely tied to changes in atmospheric dynamics. (9news.com.au)
September 16 is world ozone day, and in 2009 the final UN Member State to ratify the Montreal Protocol signed up. (theozonehole.org)

This chemical change means "you end up having chlorine from CFCs converted from forms that don't deplete ozone into forms that do", explains Harris. (newscientist.com)
This thinning, which can decrease the ozone concentration by as much as 70 percent, was caused by the rampant use of human-made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), organic compounds that were once widely used in cooling systems and aerosols. (livescience.com)
Even though it was relatively large, the area of this year's ozone hole was within the range we'd expect given the levels of manmade ozone-depleting chemicals that continue to persist in the atmosphere," said Paul Newman, chief scientist for atmospheres at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. "In 2100, CFCs will still be 20 percent more abundant in the atmosphere than they were in 1950. (zdnet.com)
The ozone-busting chlorine gas mainly comes from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that were manufactured until the U.S. ban beginning in 1996. (livescience.com)
These ozone-depleting chemicals are called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and were pinpointed as the main culprit in the thinning ozone. (good.is)
When CFCs make their way into the atmosphere, they get broken down by the sun's ultraviolet rays -- and release ozone-destroying chlorine atoms. (naturalnews.com)
When sunlight hits these clouds, it sparks a reaction between chlorine from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), human-made chemicals once used for refrigerants, foam blowing, and other applications - ultimately destroying ozone. (science20.com)
As a result, atmospheric concentrations have peaked and are now slowly declining, but it will be several decades before CFCs are totally eliminated from the environment - meaning there is still some risk of ozone depletion caused by CFCs. (science20.com)
Nevertheless, the lifetime of CFCs is very long and the ozone hole phenomenon (at least at the South Pole) is expected to continue for up to around 2060. (aeronomie.be)
The authors used "fingerprints" of the ozone changes with season and altitude to attribute the ozone's recovery to the continuing decline of atmospheric chlorine originating from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in spray cans and refrigerants are the main contributors to the ozone hole. (mpic.de)
We see very clearly that chlorine from CFCs is going down in the ozone hole, and that less ozone depletion is occurring because of it," said Susan Strahan, the study's lead author and an atmospheric scientist at GSFC, in a news release. (sciencealert.com)
This gives us confidence that the decrease in ozone depletion through mid-September shown by MLS data is due to declining levels of chlorine coming from CFCs. (sciencealert.com)
Altogether, our findings reveal the recent, large ozone holes may not be caused just by CFCs,' Kessenich said. (9news.com.au)

However, the ozone hole has still remained bigger than 8 million square miles since the early 1990s, with exact sizes varying from year to year.The size of the ozone hole varies due to both temperature and levels of ozone-depleting chemicals in the atmosphere. (nasa.gov)
In order to get a more accurate picture of the future size of the ozone hole, scientists used NASA's AURA satellite to determine how much the levels of these chemicals in the atmosphere varied each year. (nasa.gov)
As James Butler, director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Global Monitoring Division in Boulder, Colo., noted, "The manmade chemicals known to destroy ozone are slowly declining because of international action, but there are still large amounts of these chemicals doing damage. (zdnet.com)
But thanks to a global ban on hazardous chemicals known as chloro-fluorocarbons, officials at NASA now say that the hole discovered in the 1980s is now closing up . (naturalnews.com)
in Canada, ozone-depleting chemicals dropped but ozone still went up , forcing policymakers to scramble and claim it must be coming from Asia. (science20.com)
NASA scientist Paul Newman says stormy conditions in the upper atmosphere warmed the air and kept chemicals chlorine and bromine from eating ozone. (weather.com)
He says this year's drop is mostly natural but is on top of a trend of smaller steady improvements likely from the banning of ozone-eating chemicals in a 1987 international treaty. (weather.com)
New research from US and UK researchers, published in Science , reports that international efforts to control ozone-depleting chemicals are paying off. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
The Antarctic ozone hole would have been 40% bigger by now if ozone-depleting chemicals had not been banned in the 1980s, according to research. (org.in)
He thinks the water froze out higher and earlier, leaving less clouds and liquid water for perching ozone-munching chemicals. (abc27.com)

Scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have confirmed the ozone hole over the Antarctic this September is not only much smaller than it was in 2000 and 2001, but has split into two separate "holes. (nasa.gov)
The researchers from the EU's SCOUT-03 project, which involves over 200 scientists from 19 countries, fear that the ozone hole could be bigger than that which followed the worst-ever winter of 1999-2000. (newscientist.com)
With this new knowledge, scientists can confidently say that the ozone hole will be consistently smaller than 8 million square miles by the year 2040. (nasa.gov)
Scientists will continue to use satellites to monitor the recovery of the ozone hole and they hope to see its full recovery before the end of the century.Research: Inorganic chlorine variability in the Antarctic vortex and implications for ozone recovery.Journal: Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, December 18, 2014.Link to paper: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014JD022295/abstract.Here is the YouTube video. (nasa.gov)
The Antarctic ozone hole reached its annual peak size on Sept. 11, according to scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (nasa.gov)
In 2012, scientists reported that the ozone hole was smaller than it had ever been in the previous decade. (livescience.com)
Scientists report that satellite data has now revealed a slight shrinking of the ozone hole this year. (slashgear.com)
Scientists are quick to point out that a single year change isn't enough data to determine if the ozone hole phenomenon has started to heal. (slashgear.com)
Since 1979, scientists have been tracking the size and depth of the ozone hole. (www.csiro.au)
Scientists use the term hole to describe the area in which the concentration of ozone drops below the historical threshold of 220 Dobson Units (DU). (www.csiro.au)
In a recent study using readings of the ozone's chemical composition gathered from Aura, scientists have found that the hole is actually decreasing in size. (naturalnews.com)
Since the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole, scientists, policymakers, and the public have wondered whether we might someday see a similarly extreme depletion of ozone over the Arctic. (science20.com)
According to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) , scientists have, for the first time, produced proof that the recovery of the ozone hole is attributable to human action. (sciencealert.com)
So scientists and computer models predicted a bad ozone season this year. (abc27.com)
Scientists from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) have been closely monitoring the development of this year´s Antarctic ozone hole. (copernicus.eu)
But in a new study, some scientists claim it may not be recovering at all, and that the hole may even be expanding. (9news.com.au)
But the hole, which grows over the Antarctic during spring before shrinking again in the summer, reached record sizes in 2020 to 2022, prompting scientists in New Zealand to investigate why. (9news.com.au)
To reach that conclusion, the scientists analysed the ozone layer's behavior from September to November using a satellite instrument. (9news.com.au)
Scientists using data from the Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite have noticed a strong reduction of ozone concentrations over the Arctic. (esa.int)

They found that the depletion of ozone and deepening of the hole were a result of changes in the Antarctic polar vortex, a vast swirl of low pressure and very cold air, high above the South Pole. (9news.com.au)

The impact of the Antarctic ozone hole on surface climate is becoming evident in surface temperature and wind patterns. (nasa.gov)
World of Change: Antarctic Ozone Hole. (nasa.gov)
Estimates for the last two weeks of the size of the Antarctic Ozone Hole (the region with total column ozone below 220 Dobson Units), from the NASA Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (EPTOMS) and the NOAA-16 Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet instrument (SBUV/2), are around 15 million square kilometers (6 million square miles). (nasa.gov)
On September 24, 2002, the Antarctic ozone hole split into two holes for the first time since satellite measurements have been taken. (nasa.gov)
The size of this year's hole was 24.1 million square kilometers (9.3 million square miles) - an area roughly the size of North America.With the increased atmospheric chlorine levels present since the 1980s, the Antarctic ozone hole forms and expands during the Southern Hemisphere spring (August and September). (nasa.gov)
Is the Antarctic Ozone Hole Causing Warming? (livescience.com)
And yet NASA spotted one of the most gaping holes on record last month when the Antarctic ozone hole reached its annual southern hemisphere spring peak on Sept. 12. (zdnet.com)
The Antarctic ozone hole is described as a seasonal phenomenon that starts during August and satellite data shows it was smaller this year on average that over the past several decades. (slashgear.com)
Here in Australia, we compile weekly Antarctic Ozone Hole reports. (www.csiro.au)
For the first time, there are emerging indications that the Antarctic ozone hole has diminished in size and depth since the year 2000," states the report . (good.is)
The ozone columns over the Arctic have decreased to what is normally considered 'ozone hole levels' (less than 220 Dobson Units) since 14 March 2020, over a maximal area of less than 1 million km 2 (roughly three times the size of Greenland, a mere 4 to 5% of a "normal" Antarctic ozone hole). (aeronomie.be)
Much respected scientist Susan Solomon and colleagues from the USA and UK have published analysis showing that the Antarctic ozone hole is beginning to recover. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
Every September, the Antarctic ozone hole forms after rays from the Sun catalyse ozone destruction cycles. (sciencealert.com)
Will the Antarctic ozone hole 2020 beat the 2006 record? (aeronomie.be)
Chemistry-climate models show that the Antarctic ozone hole is expected to gradually close, with springtime ozone returning to 1980 values in around 2060. (aeronomie.be)
The 2008 Antarctic ozone hole was one of the largest and most long-lived in recent years. (copernicus.org)
However, low latitudes, even in the Northern Hemisphere may have some effect of the Antarctic ozone hole. (sbgf.org.br)
The Antarctic ozone hole is usually largest in early September and deepest in late September to early October. (theozonehole.org)
This year's giant Antarctic ozone hole is already among the 25% largest in recorded history and is still growing. (nextclima.eu)

Global ozone and ozone in the Arctic and Antarctic is no longer decreasing, but is not yet increasing. (nasa.gov)
A gaping hole in the Arctic ozone could mean higher levels of UV radiation in some inhabited areas in northern Europe, such as Scandinavia. (newscientist.com)
The first signs of Arctic ozone loss have already been seen 20 km above the Earth, says Markus Rex at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Germany, a coordinator on the project. (newscientist.com)
They found that Arctic ozone levels did drop significantly during an extended period of unusual cold in the spring of 2011. (science20.com)
We can't be sure that there will never be extreme Arctic ozone losses in an unusually cold future year, but so far, so good - and that's good news. (science20.com)
Ozone holes over the Arctic, however, are rarer. (aeronomie.be)
Since the start of satellite observations over this region in 1978, only one Arctic ozone hole has formed above the North Pole before. (aeronomie.be)
The animation compares this year's ozone hole over the North Pole area (2020) with the only Arctic ozone hole ever observed before (2011) as well as with what may be considered a "normal" year (2017). (aeronomie.be)
This is the case both for the exceptionally strong ozone holes encountered this year above the Arctic and the Antarctic and the exceptionally weak ozone hole observed last year above the Antarctic. (aeronomie.be)
Recent research demonstrates a strong link between the persistently positive Arctic Oscillation of last winter and early spring and the record stratospheric Arctic ozone hole. (nsidc.org)
Arctic stratospheric ozone reached its record low level of 205 Dobson units, shown in blue and turquoise, on March 12, 2020. (nsidc.org)
Biggest Arctic Ozone Hole Closes- Coroanvirus not the reason? (astrotalk.com)
The biggest Arctic ozone hole detected in mid-April 2020 has now been closed. (astrotalk.com)
This year record-breaking ozone hole was very unlikely to occur in the Arctic region. (astrotalk.com)

We know that alumina does deplete ozone just from rocket launches themselves because a lot of solid-fuel rockets use, or have, alumina as a byproduct," Boley said. (space4peace.org)
Temperatures in the vortex can fall below -78C (-108.4F), causing the formation of stratospheric clouds which lead to chemical reactions that deplete ozone. (sky.com)

This means the amount of ozone lost during the 2020 ozone hole season was the second highest amount on record. (www.csiro.au)
In the late 20th century, human emissions of chemical substances called halocarbons adversely affected the amount of ozone molecules in the atmosphere, most notably resulting in the dramatic annual ozone hole over the Antarctic region. (aeronomie.be)
Vertical cross section of amount of ozone in mPa in the atmosphere in the Southern Hemisphere. (copernicus.eu)

In the 1980s, Paul Crutzen studied the influence of ice particles in polar stratospheric clouds on ozone depletion. (mpic.de)
The findings are in disagreement with widely accepted assessments of the ozone layer's status, including a recent UN-backed study that showed it would return to 1980s levels as soon as 2040. (9news.com.au)
Present since the 1980s, this hole reached its maximum size in the 2000s, with an almost 80% loss of ozone in the center of the hole. (ikidyounot.in)

At the recovery rates projected by the UN report, the northern hemisphere and mid-latitude ozone is scheduled to heal completely by the 2030s, followed by the southern hemisphere in the 2050s and polar regions by 2060. (cnn.com)
But unusually warm weather in the Southern Hemisphere means that the hole only extended less than 3.9 million square miles (10 million square kilometers) for most of September until now, according to a statement from NASA. (livescience.com)
This warming that occurred is great news for the Southern Hemisphere because ozone is going to be higher and UV levels will be lower," Paul Newman, chief scientist for Earth Sciences at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, told Live Science. (livescience.com)
It's great news for ozone in the Southern Hemisphere," said Paul Newman, chief scientist for earth sciences at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. (kxlf.com)
Right: CAMS forecasts for the Southern Hemisphere ozone hole area in million km 2 on September 14th show that this year ozone hole was close to the median of the dataset and now becomes one of the larger ones. (copernicus.eu)
The changes observed in the Northern Hemisphere at high latitudes are most probably not related to the Antarctic ozone depletion but are, instead, caused by winter planetary waves. (sbgf.org.br)
This year the hole will continue to grow until early October, when temperatures in the Southern Hemisphere will start to rise. (nextclima.eu)
After the Australian fires in 2019 and 2020, the concentration of ozone in the Southern Hemisphere fell and ozone holes formed outside the polar region. (lu.se)

those atoms are considered "reactive" and can chemically destroy ozone molecules. (livescience.com)
As the sun rises over the South Pole following winter darkness, its energy releases chlorine and bromine atoms in the vortex - these rapidly destroy ozone molecules, leading the hole to form. (sky.com)
The light from the sun produces radicals that damage the ozone molecules. (mpic.de)
His explanation: On the surface of these particles, chlorine and bromine become highly reactive, catalytically active forms that subsequently destroy ozone molecules. (mpic.de)
The ozone molecules are made of three joined oxygen atoms. (ikidyounot.in)

Ozone is a molecule that consists of three oxygen atoms. (livescience.com)
At the end of winter, the return of sunlight breaks down the active chlorine reservoir, releasing chlorine atoms that destroy ozone (these are called catalytic reactions). (aeronomie.be)
Ozone is a combination of three oxygen atoms. (weather.com)
When ozone, three joined oxygen atoms, is 5 to 30 miles high (8 to 50 kilometers) in the atmosphere it protects Earth from the sun's ultraviolet rays that could cause skin cancer, cataracts and even could sterilize crops. (abc27.com)

The researchers stressed the smaller hole is due to this year's peculiar stratospheric weather patterns and that a single year's unusual pattern does not make a long-term trend. (nasa.gov)
Although this year's hole fell short of 'unprecedented', it did a decent job of living up to our expectations for 2020! (www.csiro.au)
Unusual meteorological conditions are responsible for this year's exceptional ozone hole at the North Pole. (aeronomie.be)
This year's ozone hole was about average size for the last 20 years. (abc27.com)
Instead this year's ozone hole was about average size for the last 20 years, even a bit smaller than 2022's, according to NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (abc27.com)
It seems pretty similar to last year's, which also wasn't really exceptional in September, but then turned into one of the longest-lasting ozone holes in our data record later in the season. (copernicus.eu)
The latest forecasts show that this year's hole has evolved into a rather larger than usual one. (nextclima.eu)
Last year's hole also began unexceptionally in September, but then turned into one of the longest-lasting ozone holes in all data record. (nextclima.eu)
It is therefore impossible to say whether this year's unprecedented heatwaves in many parts of the world and the gaping ozone hole might be connected. (nextclima.eu)

Simultaneously, with the Antarctic ozone depletion of -45% in October 1987, the Indian region showed 10-15% depletions in November and December 1987. (sbgf.org.br)

High in the atmosphere, ozone shields Earth from ultraviolet rays that cause skin cancer, crop damage and other problems. (weather.com)
Our atmosphere 'contains an unexpectedly large amount of an ozone-depleting compound from an unknown source, decades after the compound was banned worldwide,' reports a NASA study out this week. (org.in)
This year, ozonesonde measurements at the South Pole did not show any portions of the atmosphere where ozone was completely depleted," said atmospheric scientist Bryan Johnson at NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory. (kxlf.com)
Vincent-Henri Peuch, Director of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, comments: "This year, the ozone hole developed as expected at the start of the season. (copernicus.eu)
A plausible reason given by the researchers was that an unusual polar vortex cured the massive hole in our atmosphere. (astrotalk.com)

Ozone depleting substances: what, why, when and for how long? (www.csiro.au)
These substances are ozone (O 3 ), the active chlorine reservoirs (ClOx, which is a combination of ClO and Cl 2 O 2 ), and nitrous oxide N 2 O. The latter is an indicator of the intensity of the polar vortex. (aeronomie.be)
It was getting bigger and bigger and our emissions of ozone-depleting substances was identified as the main reason. (org.in)
The hole in the stratospheric ozone is caused by freons being activated into ozone-depleting substances. (lu.se)
Criteria pollutants are substances common in outdoor air and are associated to adverse health effects, this pollutants include particulate matter, carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide and ozone. (cdc.gov)

With the sunlight returning to the South Pole in the last weeks, we saw continued ozone depletion over the area. (sky.com)

At the time of the 2014 Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion (which summarizes the state of ozone science every four years) they erred on the side of caution and in the Assessment for Decision Makers only wrote that the ozone hole continues to occur every spring. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)

The record for mean size of the ozone hole-the greatest extent over a one-month window-was September 7 to October 13, 2006, when the hole reached 26.2 million square kilometers. (nasa.gov)
Data reveals the average size of the ozone hole between September and October of 2013 was 8.1 million square miles. (slashgear.com)
By comparison, the average size of the ozone hole since the mid-1990s was 8.7 million square miles. (slashgear.com)
The reduction in the size of the ozone hole is an exciting result that will provide real benefit to New Zealanders, particularly those who spend significant time outdoors or who are prone to developing melanoma. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)

However there remains some uncertainty in the rate of recovery, with atmospheric emissions of nitrous oxide (an unregulated ozone depleting substance) continuing to climb. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
As a research associate, he increasingly worked on the photochemistry of atmospheric ozone. (mpic.de)
Researchers have found that an atmospheric hole over the tropical West Pacific is reinforcing ozone depletion in the polar regions and could have a significant influence on the climate of the Earth. (org.in)
It's not a sign that atmospheric ozone is suddenly on a fast track to recovery. (kxlf.com)
The assimilation of satellite observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), the Solar Backscattering Ultraviolet radiometer (SBUV-2) and the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CartograpHY (SCIAMACHY) led to a significant improvement of the forecasts when compared with total columns and vertical profiles from ozone sondes. (copernicus.org)

However, while in general the vortex weakens before the end of the polar night, the 2020 vortex lasts well after it, which means that the chlorine had more time to destroy ozone. (aeronomie.be)

But whether this massive loss of ozone occurs depends on whether the polar stratospheric clouds stick around for the next six to eight weeks, says Harris. (newscientist.com)
The chemical breakdown of ozone by the active chlorine form is triggered as sunlight starts to penetrate the polar region in spring. (newscientist.com)
Levels have sat below 220 DU since 7 August, with the ozone hole completely enclosing the polar night late August and early September. (www.csiro.au)
Frigid temperatures can spur ozone loss because they create prime conditions for the formation of polar stratospheric clouds. (science20.com)
Right: the volume of the polar vortex at an altitude where the ozone concentration is maximum (475 K). (aeronomie.be)
The persistence of the vortex additionally prevented the mixing of ozone-depleted polar air masses with mid-latitude air masses. (aeronomie.be)
Paul J. Crutzen explained the influence of polar stratospheric clouds in the formation of the ozone hole. (mpic.de)
Whether the ozone hole will actually evolve towards a record, will be confirmed by satellite observations in the coming days and weeks and will depend mainly on the further stability of the stratospheric polar vortex. (aeronomie.be)
The hole grew to reach an area of around 24 million square kilometres by mid September, and then lasted until the end of November, although the final remnants of the polar vertex lingered until towards the end of the month. (theozonehole.org)
The ozone hole is related to the Antarctic polar vortex, a band of swirling cold air that moves around the Earth. (nextclima.eu)

The lowest value (deepest hole) ever recorded was 73 Dobson Units on September 30, 1994, while the broadest hole occurred on September 29, 2000, when the ozone-depleted area stretched 29.9 million square kilometers. (nasa.gov)
The meteorological conditions we are now witnessing resemble and even surpass the harsh conditions of the 1999-2000 winter - when the worst ozone loss to date was observed," says Neil Harris at the European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit at the University of Cambridge, UK. (newscientist.com)
The largest single-day ozone hole since the mid-1990s was 11.5 million square miles (29.9 million square kilometers) on Sept. 9, 2000. (slashgear.com)
Ozone healing would have started in ~2000 when the stratospheric chlorine loading started to decrease. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
The ozone hole was at its biggest in 2000 at nearly 11.6 million square miles (29.9 million square kilometers), according to NASA data. (wsav.com)
Pendant la période de l'étude, 30 701 cas de cancer ont été identifiés, passant de 2353 en 2000 à 8484 en 2005. (who.int)
Le taux d'incidence normalisé selon l'âge a nettement augmenté, passant de 3,8 cas pour 100 000 en 2000 à 13,0 en 2005 (pente = 0,26), et la même évolution a été observée dans toutes les régions à l'exception de la région située à l'est de la mer Caspienne. (who.int)

Please credit all material to "NASA Ozone Watch" unless otherwise noted. (nasa.gov)

But as data on the 2020 ozone hole shows, the problem is not 'fixed' just yet. (www.csiro.au)
The 2020 ozone hole resembles the one from 2018, which also was a quite large hole, and is definitely in the upper part of the pack of the last 15 years or so. (sky.com)

NASA's Paul Newman, joint chairman of the report, said that two thirds of the ozone would have been destroyed by 2065 had the measures not been implemented. (cnn.com)
That is massive in scale," said Paul Newman, NASA's ozone research leader and chief of Earth sciences at Goddard Flight Center. (abc27.com)

On September 17, 1979 (top left), the first year in which ozone was measured by satellite, the ozone level was at 194 Dobson Units. (nasa.gov)
Left: CAMS ozone forecasts for Sept 14th show low values (below 220 Dobson Units) covering nearly the whole Antarctic continent. (copernicus.eu)
Generally, ozone hole is defined as the area having less than 200 - 220 Dobson units (DU) of ozone in the overhead column (i.e. between the ground and the space). (conceptera.in)

Ozone depletion was significantly worse than in 2019, but better than in the early 2000s. (nasa.gov)
Objetivo: Analizar factores asociados al tamizaje para cáncer de cuello uterino en mujeres de 12 a 49 años en Perú durante el año 2019. (bvsalud.org)

The question now arises: is this exceptionally strong ozone hole related to climate change? (aeronomie.be)

The smaller ozone hole was strongly influenced by an unstable and warmer-than-usual Antarctic vortex. (nasa.gov)
A low temperature reflects a stable vortex, which gives rise to more ozone depletion. (aeronomie.be)
The vortex became more elliptical again in late August, with South Georgia being affected by the fringes of the ozone hole between September 2 and 6. (theozonehole.org)

From September to mid October, the ozone hole this year averaged 8.9 million square miles (23.1 million square kilometers), which is the 16th largest since satellites started tracking in 1979. (abc27.com)
After a pretty standard start, the 2021 ozone hole has considerably grown in the last week and is now larger than 75 % of ozone holes at that stage in the season since 1979. (copernicus.eu)
Already larger than the entire ice-covered continent, the ozone hole has surpassed the size of 75% of ozone holes measured since 1979 and is still growing. (nextclima.eu)

The annual ozone hole forms when rays from the sun interact with the ozone and man-made compounds such as chlorine and bromine to deplete the ozone, according to NASA. (kxlf.com)

In the image above, based on data acquired by EPTOMS, Dark blue and violet colors indicate the hole, an area with at least 20% less ozone than normal. (nasa.gov)
This means that the hole has not only remained large in area, but it has also become deeper [ie, has less ozone] throughout most of Antarctic spring,' said Hannah Kessenich, a PhD Student at the University of Otago and lead author of the study. (9news.com.au)

Vincent-Henri Peuch, director of CAMS, said: "There is much variability in how far ozone hole events develop each year. (sky.com)
The authors just find that this process is now advanced enough for positive trends in Antarctic total-column ozone to become apparent, when previously such trends had been masked by natural variability. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)
We investigate the potential of ice-core preserved nitrate isotopes as proxies of stratospheric ozone variability by measuring nitrate isotopes in a shallow ice core from the South Pole. (copernicus.org)
The large variability in the snow accumulation rate and its slight increase after the 1970s masked any signals caused by the ozone hole. (copernicus.org)

The ozone hole was so small that it wasn't even discovered until 1985. (livescience.com)
Unlike the onset of the ozone hole (whose discovery in 1985 came as a shock) the beginning of its demise does not come as a surprise. (sciencemediacentre.co.nz)

The measurements were made by NASA's Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments from 1979â€"2003 and by the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) from 2004â€"present. (nasa.gov)
This includes long-term satellite ozone data and meteorological data from NASA, Netherlands's Agency for Aerospace Programs (NIVR), the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), and the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). (www.csiro.au)
These low ozone values are linked to the meteorological conditions over the Antarctic. (aeronomie.be)
Yet this is not the whole story because the exceptional ozone holes reflect extreme meteorological conditions. (aeronomie.be)

It is very common in the Antarctic region for ozone layers to deplete due to the high emission of chlorofluorocarbons. (astrotalk.com)

All through January, we saw the cold temperatures, actual ice clouds and now that sunlight has become available, we saw actual destruction of ozone," Evans said. (deseret.com)
But when temperatures are warmer, these clouds don't form, which limits ozone destruction. (kxlf.com)
This is only the third time in 40 years when warm temperatures caused by weather systems have actually helped limit the ozone hole, NASA said in a statement. (kxlf.com)

Regarding its ozone forecasts, CAMS checks its system performance against "ground truth" measurements by ozone sondes that are launched in the Antarctic region by a number of international institutions. (copernicus.eu)
CAMS forecasts (red) of ozone values in mPa over the South Pole on 5th Aug, 26th Aug, 1st Sept and 11th Sept 2021 (left to right) in comparison to the actual fully independent recorded values provided by NOAA sondes (black) show the accuracy of the CAMS forecasts. (copernicus.eu)

You have sort of this tug-of-war between the jet being pulled equatorward during the summer because of the ozone recovery and the greenhouse gases pulling the jet further poleward," Grise said. (livescience.com)

While CO2 grabs headlines, NASA quietly spotted the 9th largest ozone hole on record. (zdnet.com)
While CO2 emissions grab the energy and environmental headlines, NASA last month spotted the ninth largest ozone hole on record. (zdnet.com)
It stretched to 10.05 million square miles, the ninth largest ozone hole on record," NASA reported in a press release. (zdnet.com)
It's also the 18th largest ozone hole out of 41 years of satellite data. (www.csiro.au)

One part of the analysis consists of observations of the total column of ozone from measurements in the ultraviolet-visible part of the solar spectrum. (copernicus.eu)

CAMS shows that the area covered by the ozone hole this year is as large as in 2018, but the ozone column has not reached such low values since 2003 in early October. (aeronomie.be)

The "Ozone" in the neighborhood's name referred to a park-like area with cool ocean breezes, an archaic definition that is not related to the present-day definition of the alternate form of oxygen. (wikipedia.org)

Montzka said if the source of the new emissions could be identified and contained, the damage to the ozone should be minor. (cnn.com)

This year, exceptionally warm weather put the nix on ozone-smashing, keeping that ozone hole super-small. (livescience.com)

Ozone layers shield us from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun. (astrotalk.com)
Is the ozone hole harmful? (ikidyounot.in)

Let's have a closer look at what happened this year, in 2020, and what created the right circumstances for this exceptional ozone hole to happen. (aeronomie.be)

Using computer models, researchers examined how the ozone hole may be altering winds in the jet stream over the Antarctic region, pushing clouds closer to the South Pole. (livescience.com)
Researchers believe that the hole over the Antarctic could potentially be fully repaired by the year 2060. (naturalnews.com)
Using the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard the Aura satellite, the researchers were able to measure hydrochloric acid, which is created when chlorine, after it destroys almost all available ozone, reacts with methane. (sciencealert.com)

Anatomy1

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs13

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes7

Health Care12

Geographicals1

Earth's19

Antarctica45

Stratosphere20

Layer104

Montreal Protocol19

CFCs14

Chemicals10

Scientists19

Depletion of oz1

Antarctic Ozone Hole19

Arctic14

Deplete ozone2

Amount of ozone3

1980s3

Hemisphere8

Molecules5

Atoms4

Year's9

19871

Atmosphere5

Substances5

Continued ozone depletion1

Scientific Assessmen1

Size of the ozone hole4

Atmospheric5

Destroy1

Polar10

20007

NASA Ozone Watch1

2020 ozone hole2

Newman2

Dobson Units3

20192

Climate1

Vortex3

19793

Bromine1

Less ozone2

Variability4

19852

Meteorological4

Chlorofluorocarbons1

Temperatures3

Sondes2

Greenhouse gases1

Largest ozone hole4

Measurements1

20181

Oxygen1

Emissions1

Exceptionally1

Harmful2

Exceptional ozone1

Researchers3