Highly heterogeneous heterogeneous tumors adenocarcinoma. Medical search. Frequent questions

Past research has mainly used 2D-cultured cell line models to investigate the role of EVs in tumors, which poorly simulate the tumor microenvironment. (bvsalud.org)
In the metabolic symbiosis model, these cells have been proposed to overexpress MCT4 to release high amounts of lactate produced during anaerobic glycolysis into the tumor microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
Simple Summary: The poor prognosis outcome of patients with KRAS mutations (KRASmut) was correlated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). (nanostring.com)
It is considered that the proportional distribution of cells in peripheral blood count may reflect the severity of inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. (researchsquare.com)
The tumor microenvironment typically consists of host components including chronic inflammatory cells, stromal cells, growing vascular cells, and inflammatory infiltrate. (researchsquare.com)
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a well-known component of the inflammatory infiltrate in the tumor microenvironment, originating from monocytes. (researchsquare.com)
Adipocytes represent a major cell type in the mammary tumor microenvironment and are important for tumor growth. (jci.org)
Adipocyte-derived factors involved in tumor progression include proteins such as adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6, and ECM components that control tumor cell behavior within the tumor microenvironment. (jci.org)
Cancer research has been conducted using cultured cells as part of drug discovery testing, but conventional two-dimensional culture methods are unable to reflect the complex tumor microenvironment. (medsci.org)
However, the cellular environment under 2D culture is very different and often a poor reflection of the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) in vivo [ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
Wang H , Han G , Chen J , . Heterogeneity of tumor immune microenvironment in malignant and metastatic change in LUAD is revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. (aging-us.com)
Plenty of research had reported that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) impacts cancer progression and metastases, as well as affects patient prognoses and outcomes [ 6 , 7 ], which emphasizes the important role of immune cells, vital components of the tumor microenvironment, impacting on patient survival and tumor progression [ 8 , 9 ]. (aging-us.com)
However, the tumour may evade immune responses through regulatory T-cell-mediated immune suppression in the tumour microenvironment, defective antigen presentation, and production of immunosuppressive cytokines (5). (cambridgemedicine.org)
A critical tool for interrogating malignancies and their local environments is bioimaging , which can visually reveal the relationships and interactions between tumor cells and non-malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), as well as chemotherapy or immunotherapy drug effects on cancerous lesions. (biodock.ai)
A schematic view of the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic ducal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). (biodock.ai)
A summary of the experimental approach for tumor microenvironment (TME) phenotype classification, with representative images of reactive, intermediate, and deserted TMEs. (biodock.ai)

What makes the response of PDAC to immunotherapy different from the responses of other solid tumors is the specific host tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
In line with this observation, elevated extracellular lactate concentrations up to 40 mM and corresponding low extracellular pH (pH e ) have been found in solid tumors under hypoxic conditions [ 18 - 22 ]. (hindawi.com)
Previous studies have shown a relationship between monocyte count and prognosis in some solid tumors. (researchsquare.com)
In pediatric solid tumors and brain tumors, PLK1 inhibition leads to apoptosis in vitro and in tumor xenografts. (childrenscolorado.org)
In children under 14 years old, CNS tumors are the most frequent solid tumors, and half of the cases occur in infants 0-4 years old [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Heterogeneous antigen expression is a key barrier influencing the activity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in solid tumors. (nature.com)
To improve the response rate in B cell malignancies and translate the success of CAR T cells to solid tumors, the optimization of this class of therapeutics is required. (nature.com)

The role of EVs in tumors has been extensively studied, and they have been shown to play a crucial role in tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. (bvsalud.org)
The infiltration of multiple types of tumor-promoting immune cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and other immune cells, mediates immune evasion and tumor progression [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, they are both clinically and histologically heterogeneous, and tumor recurrence or anaplastic progression occurs in some cases [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Significance of expression of CD109 in osteosarcoma and its involvement in tumor progression via BMP signaling. (nagoya-u.ac.jp)
For instance, RUNX2 is involved in the progression of various tumor types, such as osteosarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, gastric cancer and breast cancer ( 15 - 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Metabolic reprogramming plays an important role in tumor progression and antitumor immunity. (medsci.org)

In highly heterogeneous tumours, like pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) however, the characterisation of cancer stem cells has led to controversial results due to the lack of consensus on specific markers. (lu.se)
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death and is one of the most difficult-to-treat cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
However, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), which have produced unprecedented clinical benefits in a variety of different cancers, produce promising results in only some highly selected patients with PDAC. (biomedcentral.com)
However, PDAC is characterized by an abundant tumor stroma that includes a heterogeneous mixture of immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, neurons and some molecular events. (biomedcentral.com)
In this review, we discuss how infiltrating immune cells influence PDAC development and explore the contributions of complex components to the immune landscape of tumor tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) prognoses and treatment responses remain devastatingly poor due partly to the highly heterogeneous, aggressive, and immunosuppressive nature of this tumor type. (bsc.es)
Objective: Most patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) will experience recurrence after resection. (nanostring.com)
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies. (huji.ac.il)
The authors leverage an ambitious array of -omics approaches, including proteomics, bulk RNAseq, and single-cell RNAseq, multiple imaging modalities such as high-parameter immunohistochemistry and histological analysis, and numerous in vitro tools such as patient-derived organoids to assemble a comprehensive investigation of TME heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). (biodock.ai)
In the case of CRC, HCC, and PDAC, the primary tumor is connected to the vascular draining territory of the mesenteric and portal venous system, whereas lung cancer is linked to the pulmonary vein. (artizanat-online.ro)

Malignant gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumors with an increasing incidence of up to nine per 100,000 habitants over the last years [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Brain tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms arising from different cells within the CNS or from primary tumors of other organs that spread to the CNS. (hindawi.com)
Primary brain tumors include a number of histologic types with distinctly different tumor growth rates [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4, SLC16A3 ) is elevated under hypoxic conditions in many malignant tumors including gliomas. (hindawi.com)
Analysis of ultrasonographic predictive parameters showed a significant association between lesion size and malignant tumors. (biomedcentral.com)

This brain tumor type is highly proliferative and shows an infiltrative growth pattern, accounting for the high recurrence rates in patients. (hindawi.com)
The recurrence and drug resistance of breast cancer are intractable due to the presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which are adequate to initiate tumor formation and refractory to conventional remedies. (spandidos-publications.com)

Compared with ordinary gastric cancer, HAS has unique clinicopathological characteristics, prone to liver metastasis and lymph node metastasis, has a highly aggressive and malignant biological behavior, a worse prognosis than alpha fetoprotein(AFP) normal gastric cancer, and is easily confused with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). (centerwatch.com)
No significant tumor regression was detected at the end of cerulenin treatment, but IHC staining showed higher expression of EMT/metastasis markers in H157CisR cell-derived tumors than H157P cell-derived tumors, and showed dramatic reduction of these markers in tumor tissues of cerulenin-treated mice, confirming the in vitro results. (oncotarget.com)
Firstly, the transcriptome landscape of heterogeneous cell types in LUAD was analyzed and memory T cells, NK cells, and helper T cells were revealed to be the common immune cells in tumor, normal, and metastasis tissue, respectively. (aging-us.com)
Next, the results of cell-cell communication analysis suggested that pericytes interact with broad immune cells via MDK-NCL pathways in metastasis samples, MIF-(CD74+CXCR4) and MIF-(CD74+CC44) interaction especially occurred between different cell types in tumor and normal samples. (aging-us.com)

50% of the tumor area fell into one phenotype, and could also be assessed for heterogeneity by evaluating whether multiple TMEs were present. (biodock.ai)
Interestingly, patient survival was not found to correlate with main TME type, but rather degree of tumor heterogeneity. (biodock.ai)
The process of growing the tumor from the "utside in"maybe one of the mechanisms of maintaining tumor heterogeneity and has significant clinical implications. (uni-hamburg.de)

Finally, MCT4 inhibition mitigates the induction of angiogenesis, suggesting that MCT4 also plays a crucial role in tumor-related angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
TAMs are known to play an important role in tumor angiogenesis and growth. (researchsquare.com)

NT has shown to exert numerous oncogenic effects involved in tumour growth and metastatic spread. (springer.com)
Dissemination of tumour cells and metastatic spread as well as cancer resistance to standard treatment are still the common cause of treatment failure and eventually death in prostate cancer patients. (uni-hamburg.de)

Treatment options for adenocarcinomas involving the oesophagogastric junction are limited and the overall prognosis is extremely poor, with a five-year survival rate of approximately 30% with surgery alone. (wikipedia.org)
Accurate staging of tumor extent and involvement of surrounding tissue or distant metastases is critical to establishing a prognosis, and is usually guided by endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography scans, and/or positron emission tomography scans to establish the extent of disease. (wikipedia.org)
Significant parameters used in the determination of the prognosis and survival of esophageal cancer include tumor stage, surgical margin, and metastatic lymph node status. (researchsquare.com)
Accumulating evidence shows that in addition to the characteristics of the tumor, the immune response of the patient is also highly important for determining the prognosis. (researchsquare.com)
Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) is highly expressed in rapidly dividing normal cells and is overexpressed in many types of cancer, including Group 3 medulloblastoma, and is associated with poor prognosis. (childrenscolorado.org)
GGs are well-differentiated, rare CNS tumors, which are characterized by a slow, circumscribed growth and a relatively favorable prognosis. (hindawi.com)
Prognosis is highly dependent of stage at diagnosis. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, the outcome of pancreatic cancer is highly unpredictable, even in the case of resectable tumors, because predictive and prognosis markers are missing Zhou et al. (artizanat-online.ro)

Patients with SCA, specially with this pseudo solid-appearance, such as the present case, may have imaging findings that closely resemble those of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs), metastatic renal cell carcinoma, solid pseudopapillary tumor or acinar cell carcinomas (1,4). (spg.pt)

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that share a common anatomic origin. (biomedcentral.com)
20 mm in diameter were histologically confirmed as malignant neoplasms (pheochromocytoma and adenocarcinoma). (biomedcentral.com)
Pulmonary carcinoids are well differentiated low to intermediate grade lung neuroendocrine tumours (LNETs), that belong to the group of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms which also include highly aggressive lung neuroendocrine carcinomas (LNECs). (who.int)

[ 15 ] Furthermore, different treatment options, ranging from early aggressive treatments, such as radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy, to deferred treatments (ie, treating men if and when the disease progresses and becomes symptomatic), are dependent on parameters such as tumor grade and tumor stage. (medscape.com)
Moreover, ETP expression was associated with aggressive mammary tumor growth and high metastatic growth. (jci.org)
Aggressive tumor phenotypes can emerge through subtype changes and lineage plasticity as major mechanisms of treatment resistance in cancer. (sttrcancer.org)
This cancer is particularly aggressive, tends to be detected relatively late, and is highly heterogenic even when compared to other cancers. (biodock.ai)
Phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous tumors are more aggressive, have a higher relapse rate, and are more resilient to therapy. (uni-hamburg.de)
ParetoTI theory identified four tumour archetypes within the tetrahedron, corresponding to the three previously reported molecular groups, and the fourth enriched for the aggressive supra-carcinoids. (who.int)

Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor , is a diverse and heterogenous disease with four major subgroups. (childrenscolorado.org)
In this pre-clinical study led by Rajeev Vibhakar, MD , investigators from multiple departments at Children's Hospital Colorado, including the Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program and the Neuro-Oncology Program for Children with Central Nervous System Tumors , sought to determine the effects of onvansertib on MYC-driven medulloblastoma as a monotherapy or in combination with radiation. (childrenscolorado.org)
It is the most common pediatric brain tumor in children [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

The transmembrane protein MCT4, the respective gene termed SLC16A3 , acts as an H + /lactate exporter in highly glycolytic tissues [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
We found that DCT was highly expressed in six of 13 samples microdissected from Thai RB tissues. (molvis.org)
Tissues containing rapidly dividing cells are highly sensitive to radiation and therefore termed early-responding tissues, while tissues with slower turnover rates are less sensitive and are thus called late-responding tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
A recent study showed that 51.4% had weak, 35.1% had moderate, and 13.5% had strong staining of GPC1 in positively stained pancreatic tumor tissues 22 . (nature.com)

Introduction Biliary tract cancers (BTC) represent a heterogenous group of malignancies that include adenocarcinomas of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, the ampullary region, and the gallbladder. (researchhunt.com)
Triple Negative Breast Cancer - Differentiation of TNBC (ER-, PR-, and HER2/neu-) using New miRNA Biomarker Panel Ready-to-Use fully optimized SSNA miRNA In Situ Hybridization (ISH) Kit Like many cancers, breast cancers are highly diverse with a range of distinct. (biogenex.com)
Adenocarcinomas constitute 95% of prostate cancers are. (medscape.com)
Molecular imaging with whole‐body positron emission tomography (PET)/CT or PET/MRI utilizes metabolic and receptor‐based strategies for tumor detection in staging and restaging various cancers. (radiologykey.com)
By sequencing pairs of normal and tumour genomes from large patient cohorts, projects such as the ICGC (International Cancer Genome Consortium) and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) aim to create definitive driver mutation catalogues for all common cancers 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
This is particularly the case in the field of cancer research, where accumulating knowledge over the past few decades has driven home the massive variations in tumors within a given type of cancer, between different cancers, and between different patients. (biodock.ai)
Whereas pleural mesothelioma is highly associated with asbestos exposure , nonmesotheliomatous cancers have generally not been proven to result from exposure to airborne asbestos. (medscape.com)

Additionally, genetic analysis of the tumor may yield mutations that may be clinically significant, as described below. (wikipedia.org)
Numerous genes harboring somatic coding mutations and copy number changes in the microsatellite stable (MSS) OGJ adenocarcinomas are also known to be altered with similar predicted functional consequence in other tumour types. (wikipedia.org)
Children born with germline mutations tend to have bilateral tumors. (molvis.org)
Our study found that BRAF V600E mutations are moderately frequent in PA and GG and that for these tumor entities, IHC VE1 is suitable for screening purposes, but all negative, equivocal, and weak positive cases should be further tested with molecular biology techniques, of which the Idylla system seems to be a promising tool. (hindawi.com)
One of the mutations that has aroused considerable interest in recent years concerns the BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) gene that encodes the protein belonging to a highly oncogenic RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Whole genome sequencing makes it possible to comprehensively discover the mutations, and the mutated genes, that are responsible for tumour formation. (nature.com)

The serine/threonine protein kinase BRAF is an important player in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway that transduces mitogenic signals from activated cell-surface growth factor receptors to the cell nucleus and as a result modulates many important cellular processes, such as tumor growth, differentiation, proliferation, and angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
To search for mechanisms for the development of hypoxia, the morphology and function of the tumor vascular networks were studied with intravital microscopy and immunohistochemistry, and the expression of several angiogenesis-related genes was measured with quantitative PCR. (biomedcentral.com)

Gallium‐68 ( 68 Ga)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclo‐dodecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid DOTA‐peptides highlight neuroendocrine tumors ( NETs ) through binding the somatostatin receptors that are overexpressed on the surfaces of their cells. (radiologykey.com)

The clinical features of OGJ adenocarcinoma are variable depending on the extent of the tumor. (wikipedia.org)
Notably, up to one third of OGJ adenocarcinomas have been found to have human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression or amplification, which may be targetable with trastuzumab, conferring a modest survival benefit based on initial clinical trials. (wikipedia.org)
In their review " Natural and Adaptive Immunity to Cancer ", Vesely and colleagues draw from recent mouse models of cancer and human clinical data to describe how cells, effector molecules, and pathways of the immune system act to suppress and control tumor cells. (massgenomics.org)
The most commonly used clinical classifications of gastric cancer are Lauren classification (intestinal, diffuse, mixed) and World Health Organization(WHO) classification (papillary adenocarcinoma, tubular adenocarcinoma, mucinous glands cancer and low-adhesion cancer). (centerwatch.com)
Spheroids made from oral cancer cell lines appeared to have tumor-like characteristics that may reflect their clinical significance. (medsci.org)
Due to the uniqueness of the clinical material, we focused our attention on rare brain tumor types-ganglioglioma (GG) and pilocytic astrocytoma (PA). (hindawi.com)
A portion of these patients are highly susceptible to DNA damaging therapeutics, however, responses are heterogeneous and clinical resistance evolves. (huji.ac.il)
Our results demonstrate heterogeneous responses to DNA damaging agents/PARPi in BRCA-associated PDX thus reflecting the wide clinical spectrum. (huji.ac.il)
Clinical studies have shown that patients with highly hypoxic tumors have increased frequency of locoregional treatment failure, increased incidence of distant metastases and poor disease-free and overall survival rates following radiation therapy alone or radiation therapy combined with surgery and/or chemotherapy [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
An accurate diagnosis of the tumor histology is essential for clinical care. (sttrcancer.org)
Therefore, distinguishing tumor phenotypes has clinical relevance in view of therapeutic response, but the need for a biopsy to diagnose tumor histology can be challenging. (sttrcancer.org)
The clinical manifestations of IgG4-RD are usually tumor-like masses or organ enlargement, which result from dense tissue infiltration by immune cells and expansion of the extra-cellular matrix. (msdmanuals.com)

In summary, our data highlight MCT4 /SLC16A3 as a key gene for distinct hallmarks of tumor malignancy in glioma cells. (hindawi.com)
We investigated the impact on tumor malignancy in F98 glioma cells using in silico analysis, in vitro cell culture assays, and ex vivo vascular organotypic glioma impact model (VOGIM) [ 35 ] by implanting F98 cells into rat brain slices. (hindawi.com)
Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is one of the most common types of malignancy in males and at present, effective prognostic indicators are limited. (spandidos-publications.com)
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and ranks second among the causes of tumor‑associated death in females. (spandidos-publications.com)

The treatment for bladder cancer is dependent on diagnosis via transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). (frontiersin.org)
Its prevalence is believed to be higher than reported [ 2 ] because of its histological pattern (similar to epithelial ovarian cancer) and late stage diagnosis presenting with extensive pelvic dissemination (the ovary being considered the primary tumor). (biomedcentral.com)
Preoperative diagnosis is difficult and imaging can be misleading because it may not identify the primary tumor. (biomedcentral.com)

Siewart described three different categories of OGJ adenocarcinoma, all based upon anatomic location: A Type I tumor, located between 5 and 1cm proximal to the OGJ, is an adenocarcinoma that typically arises from an area of intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus and can infiltrate the OGJ from above. (wikipedia.org)

Gene ID: 5925, OMIM 614041 ) gene, which encodes a tumor suppressor protein. (molvis.org)

More importantly, they also carry the risk of seeding tumor cells around the sampling area. (artizanat-online.ro)

Besides, upregulated MCT4 has been linked to altered tumor metabolism as well as to increased growth and survival in breast and pancreatic cancer [ 33 , 34 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, there has only been one previous functional study investigating MCT4 in glioblastoma (GBM) neurospheres, mainly focusing on tumor growth and survival dependent on the oxygen level [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
For instance, as reviewed by Li et al ( 3 ), triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) may have worse cause-specific survival and overall survival than the non-TNBC counterpart in all stages and substages, regardless of influencing factors from univariate and multivariate analyses (e.g., tumor grade, age, ethnicity, surgery and radiation treatments). (spandidos-publications.com)
The more heterogenous the TME, the worse prognostic/survival outcome. (biodock.ai)

Lung cancer is heterogeneous and histologically divided into two types: small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). (oncotarget.com)

Hence, the adipocyte, as a major constituent of the mammary tumor stroma ( 3 ), is a likely contributor to tumor growth. (jci.org)

The novel PLK1 inhibitor, onvansertib, is the first available for oral administration and has shown tumor growth inhibition in hematologic tumors, osteosarcoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast cancer and colon adenocarcinoma cells. (childrenscolorado.org)

Duitse onderzoekers publiceren in oktober a.s. het abstract van een aantal laboratoriumstudies en dierstudies die ze gedaan hebben met Herceptin als basis aangevuld met gemcitabine en/of docetaxel bij inoperabele en gevorderde alvleesklierkanker . (kanker-actueel.nl)

Due to the high mortality rate of esophageal cancer, exploration of new prognostic biomarkers for this tumor is of paramount importance. (researchsquare.com)

These tumors develop within the mucosa that lines the upper aerodigestive tract (squamous-cell carcinomas) or the different glands in this region (adenocarcinomas). (biomedcentral.com)
NSCLC comprises 85% of lung cancer cases [ 2 ] and constitutes a heterogeneous population of squamous, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinomas [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Two of the four investigated melanoma models developed hypoxic regions in microscopic tumors, and the development of hypoxia was associated with poor vascular pericyte coverage and inadequate vascular function. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor hypoxia is a consequence of inadequate oxygen supply caused by extensive abnormalities in the vascular network [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies of macroscopic experimental tumors have shown that the severity of the vascular abnormalities increases during tumor growth, resulting in reduced blood supply and increased extent of hypoxia [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The distinction among these various tumors is important both clinically and epidemiologically. (medscape.com)

The TME consists of immune cells, endothelial cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts which influence tumor growth and behavior, albeit through little-understood mechanisms. (biodock.ai)

For example, in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer, CTCs with metastatic potential are already shed during the formation of the primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma, before it becomes detectable by histologic methods Rhim et al. (artizanat-online.ro)
The most common cause of malignant biliary obstruction is pancreatic adenocarcinoma . (medscape.com)

Cancer stem cells are a population of slow-cycling cells within the tumour bulk, with self-renewal capacity that attracts interest as a therapeutic target. (lu.se)
Immune cells engage in extensive and dynamic crosstalk with stromal components in the tumor tissue in addition to tumor cells, which subsequently impacts tumor suppression or promotion to a large extent. (biomedcentral.com)
Like human lepidic adenocarcinoma, the tumour cells slowly spread along alveolar walls in a non-destructive manner and have low ERK activity. (stanford.edu)
This process enables tumor cells, including those within the core of the heterogeneous tumor mass to survive, despite being at a distance from blood vessels that supply their metabolic needs [ 16 , 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
The idea that the immune system might recognize and destroy tumor cells was conceived 50-100 years ago. (massgenomics.org)
Circulating tumor cells provide excellent prognostic evaluation of PRAD, but their use is limited by high equipment requirements and costs ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
These effects were partially mediated through enhanced TGF-β signaling, which contributes to tissue fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. (jci.org)
Our results highlight the crucial role of ETP as an obesity-associated factor that promotes tumor growth in the context of adipocyte interactions with tumor and stromal cells. (jci.org)
We observed a highly up-regulated fatty acid synthase (FASN) level in A549CisR and H157CisR cells compared to parental cells and the up-regulation of FASN was also detected in A549P and H157P cells after short time treatment with cisplatin, suggesting that the high level of FASN in cisplatin-resistant cells may be from the accumulated cellular responses during cisplatin-resistance developmental process. (oncotarget.com)
Most tumors are heterogeneous in oxygen tension and develop regions with hypoxic cells during growth [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, by investigating the impact of hinge (CD8 and IgG4) and TM (CD8 and CD28) on D4 CAR T cells, we discover that IgG4H-CD28TM mediated D4 CAR dimerization, leading to enhanced T-cell signaling and tumor regression in pancreatic cancer models with low antigen density. (nature.com)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a novel therapeutic T-cell engineering option, where T-cells obtained from a patient's blood are engineered ex vivo to express specific tumour antigen receptors. (cambridgemedicine.org)
In 1959, Lewis Thomas suggested that the human immune system can recognise tumour-specific antigens on the surface of newly developing tumour cells as 'foreign' and eliminate them (3). (cambridgemedicine.org)
The immune system interacts closely with tumour cells via complex mechanisms and can result in either eradication of the tumour or immune evasion by the tumour (5). (cambridgemedicine.org)
Consequently, immune cells fail to recognise and kill tumour cells. (cambridgemedicine.org)
CAR T-cells are T-cells that have been engineered to express receptors that specifically target tumour-associated antigens (8). (cambridgemedicine.org)
The second-generation CAR T-cells consist of one additional co-stimulatory component (mainly CD28, CD137 or CD134) in the intracellular domain, which amplifies anti-tumour responses in vivo (8). (cambridgemedicine.org)
In vivo, NTSR1 mRNA expression was undetectable in superficial differentiated epithelial cells in histological specimens of normal human colonic epithelium, but there was moderate and strong expression in adenomas and adenocarcinomas respectively. (springer.com)
While their expression tends to be lower than protein-coding mRNAs, lncRNAs are thought to be highly expressed in a subset of cells in a population 6 . (nature.com)
In fact, very few of the tumor cells released into the circulation will form metastases Kessenbrock et al. (artizanat-online.ro)
Metastatic outgrowth of disseminated tumor cells is thought to be fueled by clonal cooperation of tumor clones from early and late stages of cancer evolution. (uni-hamburg.de)
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be detected in the peripheral blood and peritoneal liquid in most of the ovarian cancer patients in the different stages of the disease. (uni-hamburg.de)
This study will elucidate the metastatic cascade of ovarian cancer by investigating the natural cancer evolution through the analysis of single tumor cells on genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and methylomic (multi‐omic) level. (uni-hamburg.de)

Some tumor cell-inherent resistance mechanisms, such as the tumor mutational burden and aberrant expression of oncogenic pathways, restrain antitumor immunity [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The purpose of this study was to measure the extent of hypoxia in microscopic melanoma xenografts and to search for possible mechanisms leading to the development of hypoxia in these tumors. (biomedcentral.com)

Monocyte, an element of the immune system, is a heterogeneous cell showing different responses to different stimuli. (researchsquare.com)

The biological functions of AKR1B10 in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) were investigated in vitro . (portlandpress.com)
We have previously characterized HER2/NEU expression in human pancreatic cancer cell lines and studied the anti-tumor activity of Herceptin monotherapy in vitro and in vivo. (kanker-actueel.nl)

1 The most frequent primary tumor types of anterior mediastinal masses are thymic tumors and lymphoma, with approximate proportions of 35% and 25% among mediastinal lesions, respectively. (allenpress.com)
It is the most frequent malignant tumor of the biliary tract and is the second most common primary hepatic tumor after hepatoma. (medscape.com)

Apparently, certain immune system pathways (e.g. inflammation) instead serve to promote tumor growth. (massgenomics.org)
GSEA analysis found STARD12 and STARD14 were associated with glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and tumor related signaling pathways. (medsci.org)

Oesophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma (OGJ adenocarcinoma) is a cancer of the lower part of the oesophagus with a rising incidence in Western countries. (wikipedia.org)
The incidence of OGJ adenocarcinoma is rising rapidly in Western countries especially in recent decades, in contrast to the declining frequency of distal gastric adenocarcinoma. (wikipedia.org)

Low-grade tumors may recur and infiltrate adjacent structures. (medscape.com)

Pancreatic cancer tumorspheres display a heterogeneous pattern of surface and stemness markers, nevertheless they are characterised by an increased tumorigenic potential and higher chemoresistance. (lu.se)
Moreover, PanDrugs2 now considers cancer genetic dependencies to extend tumor vulnerabilities providing therapeutic options for untargetable genes. (bsc.es)
Gastric cancer is a highly heterogeneous tumor. (centerwatch.com)
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach (HAS) is a special and rare type of gastric cancer. (centerwatch.com)
Collagen VI (COL6) is highly expressed in adipose tissue, upregulated in the obese state, and enriched in breast cancer lesions and is a stimulator of mammary tumor growth. (jci.org)
In the future, it may become possible to produce tumor spheroids from tissue samples of oral cancer patients, and then apply them to drug screening and to develop individualized diagnostic and treatment methods. (medsci.org)
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of non-small cell lung cancer and accounts for approximately 40% of all lung cancer cases. (aging-us.com)
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological type of lung cancer and has the highest cancer mortality rate worldwide [ 1 ]. (aging-us.com)
We find that a structurally rigid IgG4H and CD28TM domain brings the two D4 fragments in proximity, driving CAR dimerization and leading to enhanced T-cell signaling and tumor regression in pancreatic cancer models with low antigen density in female mice. (nature.com)
The highly selective nature of CAR T-cell therapy has led to a revolution in cancer treatment. (cambridgemedicine.org)
Following this, in 1971, Sir Frank Mac Farlane Burnet hypothesised that tumour cell antigens induced immunological reaction against cancer and postulated the "immune surveillance theory" (4). (cambridgemedicine.org)
Lung cancer is the first leading diagnosed malignant tumor globally [ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85-90% of cases, while lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype [ 2 ]. (medsci.org)
We have presented a first catalogue of mutated lncRNA genes driving cancer, which will grow and improve with the application of ExInAtor to future tumour genome projects. (nature.com)
Next generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled increasingly sophisticated cancer tests for tumor profiling to guide treatment and for assessment of inherited cancer risk. (sttrcancer.org)
Tumor elements are released very early during cancer development. (artizanat-online.ro)
Fewer reports have tested the hypothesis that the chances of capturing and detecting CTCs might be higher in vessels closer to the tumor, especially in the main veins that drain blood from the organ colorectal cancer review article by the cancer. (artizanat-online.ro)
The first capillary bed that a metastatic cell encounters depends colorectal cancer review article the blood circulation pattern near the primary tumor. (artizanat-online.ro)

A-07, D-12, R-18, and U-25 human melanoma xenografts grown in dorsal window chambers or as flank tumors were used as preclinical tumor models. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies investigating the development of hypoxia in microscopic tumors are sparse, but the extent of hypoxia has been measured in microscopic HT29 and HCT-8 colorectal adenocarcinoma xenografts [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Patients undergoing yttrium‐90 ( 90 Y)‐microspheres therapy for hepatic tumors must first be evaluated with liver imaging using arterially infused 99m Tc‐ macroaggregated albumin ( MAA ) as part of the planning process for a safe and effective procedure. (radiologykey.com)

Investigators used CRISPR-Cas9 screening to determine which genes were essential for medulloblastoma tumor growth. (childrenscolorado.org)
Our pipeline, ExInAtor, identifies genes with excess load of somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) across panels of tumour genomes. (nature.com)

A Type II tumor, located between 1cm proximal and 2cm distal to the OGJ, is a true adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia. (wikipedia.org)
A Type III tumor, located between 2 and 5 cm distal to the OGJ is a subcardial gastric carcinoma that typically infiltrates the EGJ from below. (wikipedia.org)
The main treatment is based on gastric adenocarcinoma. (centerwatch.com)

The classification system establishes guidelines for surgical approaches to tumor resection. (wikipedia.org)

Tumor cell resistance to taxanes is at least in part mediated by the HER2/NEU oncogene. (kanker-actueel.nl)

AP2S1 , P3H4 , and RAC3 were identified as candidate tumor-specific antigens for BLCA. (frontiersin.org)
AP2S1 , P3H4 , and RAC3 were identified as candidate tumor-specific antigens, and patients with the BCS2 and BCS1A subtypes were identified as candidate populations for mRNA vaccines. (frontiersin.org)

Biopsy and FNAC are invasive procedures, especially in the case of deeply located tumors, and may present severe complications such as infection, bleeding, or inflammation. (artizanat-online.ro)

Gangliogliomas are generally benign WHO grade I tumors, most commonly located in the temporal lobes of children and young adults. (hindawi.com)
While ultrasonography is an effective method for localizing adrenal lesions, standardized ultrasound criteria to distinguish benign from malignant lesions or functional cortisol-secreting from non-functional tumors are lacking [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

These lesions are accessible through endoscopic/endobronchial ultrasound-guided or computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology and represent a wide range of primary and metastatic tumors. (allenpress.com)
Tumors metastatic to mediastinal lymph nodes represent the most common mediastinal lesions and must be differentiated from primary lesions. (allenpress.com)
Oien] Unfortunately in 20-50% of CUP cases the primary tumor is never found. (biogenex.com)
After abdominopelvic magnetic resonance imaging, she was sent to the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Oporto with the suspicion of peritoneal carcinomatosis of unknown primary tumor. (biomedcentral.com)
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma constitutes about 15% of all primary liver tumors. (medscape.com)

Mediastinal tumors/lesions are frequently encountered in daily cytopathology practice. (allenpress.com)
To provide an updated review on the fine-needle aspiration cytology of mediastinal tumors/lesions, with an emphasis on diagnostic challenges. (allenpress.com)
Lesions based on histology were classified as cortical adrenal hyperplasia ( n = 67), adenocarcinoma ( n = 17), pheochromocytoma ( n = 10), metastases ( n = 7), adrenal adenoma ( n = 4), and adrenalitis ( n = 4). (biomedcentral.com)
Adrenal gland lesions (nodules and masses) commonly develop in older dogs, but surgery is indicated in only a small fraction of such cases, usually in malignant and hormone-secreting tumors [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Macroscopic R-18 and U-25 tumors showed extensive hypoxia, whereas macroscopic A-07 and D-12 tumors were less hypoxic. (biomedcentral.com)
R-18 and U-25 tumors developed hypoxic regions before they reached a size of 2-3 mm in diameter, whereas A-07 and D-12 tumors of similar size did not show hypoxic regions. (biomedcentral.com)
In these models, tumors with diameters less than 1 mm were avascular and highly hypoxic, whereas tumors with diameters of 1-4 mm were vascularized and did not show hypoxic regions. (biomedcentral.com)
The hypoxic status of microscopic tumors was compared with the extent of hypoxia in macroscopic tumors of the same melanoma models. (biomedcentral.com)

We here present a different approach for driver lncRNA discovery using mutational patterns in tumour DNA. (nature.com)

Anatomy17

Organisms6

Diseases104

Chemicals and Drugs44

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment54

Phenomena and Processes34

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care13

Microenvironment16

Solid tumors7

Progression6

PDAC10

Brain tumors3

Malignant tumors2

Recurrence2

Metastasis4

Heterogeneity3

Role in tumor2

Metastatic spread2

Prognosis8

Renal Cell Carc1

Neoplasms3

Aggressive6

Pediatric brain tumor3

Tissues4

Cancers7

Mutations6

Angiogenesis2

Neuroendocrine tumors1

Clinical12

Malignancy4

Diagnosis3

Anatomic1

Suppressor1

Seeding tumor cells1

Survival4

Histologically1

Stroma1

Osteosarcoma1

Abstract1

Biomarkers1

Carcinomas2

Vascular3

Clinically1

Fibroblasts1

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma2

Cells23

Mechanisms2

Responses1

Vitro2

Frequent2

Pathways2

Incidence2

Infiltrate1

Cancer18

Xenografts2

Hepatic1

Genes2

Gastric3

Resection1

Resistance1

Antigens2

Inflammation1

Benign2

Primary5

Lesions4

Hypoxic4

Mutational1