- Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
- ALK Rearrangement in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Discovery Towards a Personalized Approach? (omicsonline.org)
- Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) represents about 1% of all thyroid carcinomas [ 1 ]. (omicsonline.org)
- Despite the favourable outcome and long survival rates of most patients, some tumours display an aggressive behaviour and may progress to the highly aggressive and lethal, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. (scielo.br)
- These figures, together with the fact that some cases of conventional PTC have an aggressive behaviour and may even progress to anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) (5,6), highlight the need of more powerful indicators for diagnosis and prognosis in PTC. (scielo.br)
- cancers
- Dysregulation of BRD4 function has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a large number of cancers including acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, Burkitt's lymphoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, and ovarian carcinoma. (upenn.edu)
- 1 Although the presence of various fusion genes has been correlated with specific cancers, the pathogenic significance remains under discussion. (dovepress.com)
- Other isoforms, such as exon 1 and exon 1+2 of TMPRSS2 with exon 2 of ERG , are mildly active transcripts that are found in more aggressive prostate cancers. (dovepress.com)
- Hormone-driven expression of the ERG oncogene after fusion with TMPRSS2 occurs in 30% to 70% of therapy-naive prostate cancers. (aacrjournals.org)
- BRD4 has been shown to play a critical role in tumorigenesis in several cancers, and the BRD4-NUT fusion gene is a driver of NUT midline carcinoma (NMC), a rare but highly lethal cancer. (readbyqxmd.com)
- Both genes encode large proteins, and 4q35 is a highly conserved region of deletion across many cancers. (sanger.ac.uk)
- Mutations have been found in a variety of solid and blood tumours, including lung adenomas, gastric cancers, melanoma, pancreatic, colorectal and hepatocellular carcinomas, Merkel cell tumours, T cell large granular lymphocytic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia and several myeloproliferative disorders. (sanger.ac.uk)
- ETV6 is a clinically significant proto-oncogene in that it can fuse with other genes to drive the development and/or progression of certain cancers. (wikipedia.org)
- However, ETV6 is also an anti-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in that mutations in it that encode for a truncated and therefore inactive protein are also associated with certain types of cancers. (wikipedia.org)
- For several decades, primary lung cancers were consistently dichotomously classified for treatment and research purposes into small-cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) and non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), based on an oversimplified approach that is now clearly outmoded. (wikipedia.org)
- About 1% of lung cancers are sarcomas, germ cell tumors, and hematopoietic tumors, while 99% of lung cancers are carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
- Proto-Oncogenes
- they are therefore classified as proto-oncogenes. (wikipedia.org)
- tumors
- showed that STRN-ALK fusion occurred with a higher prevalence in poorly-differentiated ATCs without other overlapping known driver mutations in these tumors [ 11 ]. (omicsonline.org)
- When hetero-transplanted, these cells (designated As-CSC) formed highly pleomorphic, aggressive tumors with immature epithelial- and mesenchymal-like cells, suggesting a highly pluripotent cell of origin. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Here, using PC3 human prostate carcinoma cells as a model, we provide direct experimental evidence that tumor cell holoclones contain stem-like cells that can initiate serially transplantable tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
- In support of the second tenet, stem-like cells or CSCs that can initiate serially transplantable tumors in mice recapitulating the heterogeneous nature of patient tumors have been reported not only in leukemia ( 11 - 14 ) but also in solid tumors, including breast cancer ( 15 ), glioma ( 16 ), colon cancer ( 17 - 19 ), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ( 20 ), and pancreatic cancer ( 21 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Many different forms of breast cancer exist, with a multitude of clinical appearances ranging from a rather indolent disease without metastases to rapidly progressing and highly proliferative tumors with extremely aggressive behavior. (aacrjournals.org)
- Invasive breast tumors are classified into several histologic types, where ductal carcinomas make up the majority and lobular and medullary breast carcinomas are two noteworthy but less frequent types. (aacrjournals.org)
- Although it is common in the lung cancer literature to refer to histologically mixed tumors containing significant numbers of malignant giant cells as "giant-cell carcinomas", technically a diagnosis of "giant-cell carcinoma" should be limited strictly to neoplasms containing only malignant giant cells (i.e. "pure" giant-cell carcinoma). (wikipedia.org)
- Carcinomas are tumors composed of transformed, abnormal cells with epithelial tissue architecture and/or molecular characteristics, and which derive from embryonic endoderm. (wikipedia.org)
- midline carcinoma
- NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is an aggressive type of squamous cell carcinoma that is defined by the presence of BRD-NUT fusion oncogenes, which encode chimeric proteins that block differentiation and maintain tumor growth. (aacrjournals.org)
- squamous
- Eight major taxa of lung carcinomas are recognized within the WHO-2004 classification: Small-cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Large-cell carcinoma Adenosquamous carcinoma Sarcomatoid carcinoma Carcinoid Salivary gland-like carcinoma The subclassification of GCCL among these major taxa has undergone significant changes in recent decades. (wikipedia.org)
- renal cell carc
- The L249P kindred also had one family member with renal cell carcinoma and another family member with Duodenal cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- showed that SFRP1 expression in UMRC3 cells (clear cell renal cell carcinoma cell line) resulted in a growth-inhibited phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
- TMPRSS2-ERG
- Recent studies have found that prostate cancer expresses abnormal genetic markers including multiple types of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion genes. (dovepress.com)
- The expression level of different TMPRSS2-ERG fusion genes is correlated to pathologic variables of aggressive prostate cancer and disease progression. (dovepress.com)
- State-of-the-art methods for detection of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion genes include reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with a detection limit of 1 fmol at urinary condition. (dovepress.com)
- There is a need for a sensitive diagnostic test to detect multiple TMPRSS2-ERG fusion genes for an early diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. (dovepress.com)
- Here, we propose to develop an assay for prostate cancer diagnosis using oligonucleotide-functionalized quantum dot and magnetic microparticle for optical detection of rearranged TMPRSS2-ERG fusion genes at a low concentration in urine. (dovepress.com)
- Here, we show detection of multiple TMPRSS2-ERG fusion genes using color-coded oligonucleotides in cell lysate and urine. (dovepress.com)
- Fifty percent of patients with positive prostate-specific antigen tests show overexpression of fusion genes of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and erythroblastosis virus E26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factor family, such as TMPRSS2-ERG (v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homology) 3 , 4 ( Figure 1A ). (dovepress.com)
- Fusion of TMPRSS2 and ERG loci at the chromosomal level and subsequent overexpression of the TMPRSS2-ERG transcript and truncated ERG protein product are essentially 100% specific for the presence of prostate cancer in tissue-based studies. (dovepress.com)
- 4 , 5 Recent studies have found that the expression level of different TMPRSS2-ERG fusion genes is correlated to pathologic variables associated with the progression of aggressive prostate cancer. (dovepress.com)
- Here, we collected blood every month from 89 patients (54 chemotherapy-naive patients and 35 docetaxel-treated patients) treated in phase I/phase II clinical trials of an orally available, highly specific CYP17 inhibitor, abiraterone acetate, that ablates the synthesis of androgens and estrogens that drive TMPRSS2-ERG fusions. (aacrjournals.org)
- tumours
- Aneuploidy has frequently been noted in many solid tumours, and occasionally a few uterine carcinoma and prostatic carcinomas have been reported to be diploid (table 1). (bmj.com)
- NSCLC
- and mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR1, a marker indicating a patient's non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) will likely respond to gefitinib or erlotinib treatment. (wikipedia.org)
- proteins
- Our findings support a model in which dysregulation of MYC by BRD-NUT fusion proteins has a central role in the pathogenesis of NMC. (aacrjournals.org)
- hepatocellular
- Regulation of DEK expression by AP-2α and methylation level of DEK promoter in hepatocellular carcinoma. (cancerindex.org)
- Bisulfite genomic sequencing analysis indicated that the methylation levels of the DEK promoter in normal hepatic cells and tissues were higher than those in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. (cancerindex.org)
- Merkel
- MCV Infection and Merkel Cell Carcinoma: MCV is a novel human polyomavirus recently discovered in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a highly aggressive form of skin cancer. (upenn.edu)
- tumor
- However, in a more recent series of 4,212 consecutive lung cancer cases, only one (0.024%) lesion was determined to be a "pure" giant-cell carcinoma after complete sectioning of all available tumor tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- genes
- Expression profiling of NMCs show that the set of genes whose expression is maintained by BRD4-NUT is highly enriched for MYC upregulated genes, and MYC and BRD4-NUT protein expression is strongly correlated in primary NMCs. (aacrjournals.org)
- Ability to identify multiple fusion genes in a single sample has become important for diagnostic and clinical purposes. (dovepress.com)
- 2 Therefore, a method to determine and differentiate types of fusion genes in patient samples is required to understand the function of abnormal genes in cancer. (dovepress.com)
- Human PAX3 and mouse Pax3 are present in a subfamily along with the highly homologous human PAX7 and mouse Pax7 genes. (wikipedia.org)
- One such gene fusion that has been identified in a MCF-7 breast cancer cell line is a chimera between the RAD51C and ATXN7 genes. (wikipedia.org)
- lethal
- The characteristic feature of this highly lethal malignancy is the distinctive light microscopic appearance of its extremely large cells, which are bizarre and highly pleomorphic, and which often contain more than one huge, misshapen, pleomorphic nucleus ("syncytia"), which result from cell fusion. (wikipedia.org)
- salivary
- Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common salivary gland malignancy in children. (medscape.com)
- malignancy
- The transition of melanoma to a more aggressive malignancy is associated with the resistance to growth inhibition by TGF-β (Javelaud et al. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
- lung
- These recent reports also highlight the potential use of drugs such as crizotinib that target ALK rearrangement with proven efficiency in non-small cell lung carcinomas [ 12 ] for highly aggressive types of thyroid cancer . (omicsonline.org)
- Giant-cell carcinoma of the lung (GCCL) is a rare histological form of large-cell lung carcinoma, a subtype of undifferentiated lung cancer, traditionally classified within the non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). (wikipedia.org)
- Like nearly all lung carcinomas, however, GCCs are exceedingly rare in very young people: in the US SEER program, only 2 cases were recorded to occur in persons younger than 30 years of age between 1983 and 1987. (wikipedia.org)
- malignancies
- But simultaneous over-expression of Bcl-2 and the proto-oncogene myc may produce aggressive B-cell malignancies including lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
- chromosome
- We previously reported the identification of a recurrent Striatin - ALK (STRN-ALK) fusion - the result of a complex rearrangement involving the short arm of chromosome 2 - in thyroid carcinomas [ 10 ]. (omicsonline.org)
- malignant
- RESULTS: WPE-stem cells rapidly acquired a malignant CSC-like phenotype by 18 weeks of exposure, becoming highly invasive, losing contact inhibition, and hypersecreting matrix metalloproteinase-9. (thefreelibrary.com)
- transcriptional
- Bromodomain Containing 4 (BRD4) mediates transcriptional elongation of the oncogene MYC by binding to acetylated histones. (readbyqxmd.com)
- exon
- 6 , 7 The isoform of the fusion gene exon 1 of TMPRSS2 combined with exon 4 of ERG is the most common type of fusion gene in prostate cancer. (dovepress.com)
- gene
- We found that our assay was able to identify three different types of fusion gene with a wide detection range and detection limit of 1 fmol (almost the same level of the RT-PCR result reported). (dovepress.com)
- This fusion gene is deregulated, leading to the transcription of excessively high levels of Bcl-2. (wikipedia.org)
- tissue
- Transgenic mice expressing elevated levels of cyclin E in the mammary epithelium during pregnancy and lactation suffer from a higher incidence of mammary adenocarcinoma ( 8 ), suggesting that cyclin E might act as an oncogene in this tissue ( 9 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- cancer
- ATC is the most aggressive form of thyroid carcinoma especially when metastatic - accounting for 14-50% of all thyroid cancer related deaths [ 2 ]. (omicsonline.org)
- Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most prevalent type of endocrine cancer and, in recent epidemiological surveys, one of the types of human cancer whose incidence is growing. (scielo.br)
- Outcomes depend on a person's age and other health problems as well as how aggressive and extensive the cancer is. (wikipedia.org)
- cell
- Giant-cell carcinomas have been reported to be diagnosed in a significantly younger population than all non-small-cell carcinomas considered as a group. (wikipedia.org)
- protein
- The DEK-NUP214 fusion protein (cloned by von Lindern et al,1992) consists of almost the whole of the DEK protein fused to the C-terminal two-thirds of the NUP214 protein. (cancerindex.org)
- Bcl-2 is specifically considered an important anti-apoptotic protein but it is NOT considered a proto-oncogene because it is not a growth signal transducer. (wikipedia.org)
- survival
- In contrast, mutated FAT1 is overexpressed in some acute myeloid leukaemia, pre-B acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) and T-ALL, and is associated with shorter survival suggesting FAT1 may also act as an oncogene in some cellular contexts. (sanger.ac.uk)
- consists
- The highly conserved PD consists of a 128 amino acid region that binds to DNA sequences related to the TCACGC/G motif. (wikipedia.org)
Download our free solidary book to support research on VHL disease