thyroid carcinoma
- ALK Rearrangement in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Discovery Towards a Personalized Approach? (omicsonline.org)
- Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) represents about 1% of all thyroid carcinomas [ 1 ]. (omicsonline.org)
- ATC is the most aggressive form of thyroid carcinoma especially when metastatic - accounting for 14-50% of all thyroid cancer related deaths [ 2 ]. (omicsonline.org)
- Molecular genetics of papillary thyroid carcinoma: great expectations. (scielo.br)
- Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most prevalent type of endocrine cancer and, in recent epidemiological surveys, one of the types of human cancer whose incidence is growing. (scielo.br)
- Despite the favourable outcome and long survival rates of most patients, some tumours display an aggressive behaviour and may progress to the highly aggressive and lethal, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. (scielo.br)
- These figures, together with the fact that some cases of conventional PTC have an aggressive behaviour and may even progress to anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) (5,6), highlight the need of more powerful indicators for diagnosis and prognosis in PTC. (scielo.br)
Proto-Oncogenes
- they are therefore classified as proto-oncogenes. (wikipedia.org)
tumors
- showed that STRN-ALK fusion occurred with a higher prevalence in poorly-differentiated ATCs without other overlapping known driver mutations in these tumors [ 11 ]. (omicsonline.org)
- When hetero-transplanted, these cells (designated As-CSC) formed highly pleomorphic, aggressive tumors with immature epithelial- and mesenchymal-like cells, suggesting a highly pluripotent cell of origin. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Here, using PC3 human prostate carcinoma cells as a model, we provide direct experimental evidence that tumor cell holoclones contain stem-like cells that can initiate serially transplantable tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
- In support of the second tenet, stem-like cells or CSCs that can initiate serially transplantable tumors in mice recapitulating the heterogeneous nature of patient tumors have been reported not only in leukemia ( 11 - 14 ) but also in solid tumors, including breast cancer ( 15 ), glioma ( 16 ), colon cancer ( 17 - 19 ), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ( 20 ), and pancreatic cancer ( 21 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Many different forms of breast cancer exist, with a multitude of clinical appearances ranging from a rather indolent disease without metastases to rapidly progressing and highly proliferative tumors with extremely aggressive behavior. (aacrjournals.org)
- Invasive breast tumors are classified into several histologic types, where ductal carcinomas make up the majority and lobular and medullary breast carcinomas are two noteworthy but less frequent types. (aacrjournals.org)
- Although it is common in the lung cancer literature to refer to histologically mixed tumors containing significant numbers of malignant giant cells as "giant-cell carcinomas", technically a diagnosis of "giant-cell carcinoma" should be limited strictly to neoplasms containing only malignant giant cells (i.e. "pure" giant-cell carcinoma). (wikipedia.org)
- About 1% of lung cancers are sarcomas, germ cell tumors, and hematopoietic tumors, while 99% of lung cancers are carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
- Carcinomas are tumors composed of transformed, abnormal cells with epithelial tissue architecture and/or molecular characteristics, and which derive from embryonic endoderm. (wikipedia.org)
cancers
- Dysregulation of BRD4 function has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a large number of cancers including acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, Burkitt's lymphoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, and ovarian carcinoma. (upenn.edu)
- 1 Although the presence of various fusion genes has been correlated with specific cancers, the pathogenic significance remains under discussion. (dovepress.com)
- Other isoforms, such as exon 1 and exon 1+2 of TMPRSS2 with exon 2 of ERG , are mildly active transcripts that are found in more aggressive prostate cancers. (dovepress.com)
- Hormone-driven expression of the ERG oncogene after fusion with TMPRSS2 occurs in 30% to 70% of therapy-naive prostate cancers. (aacrjournals.org)
- ETV6 is a clinically significant proto-oncogene in that it can fuse with other genes to drive the development and/or progression of certain cancers. (wikipedia.org)
- However, ETV6 is also an anti-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in that mutations in it that encode for a truncated and therefore inactive protein are also associated with certain types of cancers. (wikipedia.org)
- BRD4 has been shown to play a critical role in tumorigenesis in several cancers, and the BRD4-NUT fusion gene is a driver of NUT midline carcinoma (NMC), a rare but highly lethal cancer. (readbyqxmd.com)
- For several decades, primary lung cancers were consistently dichotomously classified for treatment and research purposes into small-cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) and non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), based on an oversimplified approach that is now clearly outmoded. (wikipedia.org)
midline carcinoma
- NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is an aggressive type of squamous cell carcinoma that is defined by the presence of BRD-NUT fusion oncogenes, which encode chimeric proteins that block differentiation and maintain tumor growth. (aacrjournals.org)
squamous
- both adenocarcinomas and squamous-cell carcinomas are widespread in smokers. (hindawi.com)
- Eight major taxa of lung carcinomas are recognized within the WHO-2004 classification: Small-cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Large-cell carcinoma Adenosquamous carcinoma Sarcomatoid carcinoma Carcinoid Salivary gland-like carcinoma The subclassification of GCCL among these major taxa has undergone significant changes in recent decades. (wikipedia.org)
renal cell carc
- The L249P kindred also had one family member with renal cell carcinoma and another family member with Duodenal cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- showed that SFRP1 expression in UMRC3 cells (clear cell renal cell carcinoma cell line) resulted in a growth-inhibited phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
TMPRSS2-ERG
- Recent studies have found that prostate cancer expresses abnormal genetic markers including multiple types of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion genes. (dovepress.com)
- The expression level of different TMPRSS2-ERG fusion genes is correlated to pathologic variables of aggressive prostate cancer and disease progression. (dovepress.com)
- State-of-the-art methods for detection of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion genes include reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with a detection limit of 1 fmol at urinary condition. (dovepress.com)
- There is a need for a sensitive diagnostic test to detect multiple TMPRSS2-ERG fusion genes for an early diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. (dovepress.com)
- Here, we propose to develop an assay for prostate cancer diagnosis using oligonucleotide-functionalized quantum dot and magnetic microparticle for optical detection of rearranged TMPRSS2-ERG fusion genes at a low concentration in urine. (dovepress.com)
- Here, we show detection of multiple TMPRSS2-ERG fusion genes using color-coded oligonucleotides in cell lysate and urine. (dovepress.com)
- Fifty percent of patients with positive prostate-specific antigen tests show overexpression of fusion genes of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and erythroblastosis virus E26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factor family, such as TMPRSS2-ERG (v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homology) 3 , 4 ( Figure 1A ). (dovepress.com)
- Fusion of TMPRSS2 and ERG loci at the chromosomal level and subsequent overexpression of the TMPRSS2-ERG transcript and truncated ERG protein product are essentially 100% specific for the presence of prostate cancer in tissue-based studies. (dovepress.com)
- 4 , 5 Recent studies have found that the expression level of different TMPRSS2-ERG fusion genes is correlated to pathologic variables associated with the progression of aggressive prostate cancer. (dovepress.com)
- Here, we collected blood every month from 89 patients (54 chemotherapy-naive patients and 35 docetaxel-treated patients) treated in phase I/phase II clinical trials of an orally available, highly specific CYP17 inhibitor, abiraterone acetate, that ablates the synthesis of androgens and estrogens that drive TMPRSS2-ERG fusions. (aacrjournals.org)
NSCLC
- Giant-cell carcinoma of the lung (GCCL) is a rare histological form of large-cell lung carcinoma, a subtype of undifferentiated lung cancer, traditionally classified within the non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). (wikipedia.org)
- and mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR1, a marker indicating a patient's non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) will likely respond to gefitinib or erlotinib treatment. (wikipedia.org)
tumor
- However, in a more recent series of 4,212 consecutive lung cancer cases, only one (0.024%) lesion was determined to be a "pure" giant-cell carcinoma after complete sectioning of all available tumor tissue. (wikipedia.org)
proteins
- Our findings support a model in which dysregulation of MYC by BRD-NUT fusion proteins has a central role in the pathogenesis of NMC. (aacrjournals.org)
lethal
- The characteristic feature of this highly lethal malignancy is the distinctive light microscopic appearance of its extremely large cells, which are bizarre and highly pleomorphic, and which often contain more than one huge, misshapen, pleomorphic nucleus ("syncytia"), which result from cell fusion. (wikipedia.org)
salivary
- Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common salivary gland malignancy in children. (medscape.com)
Gene
- We found that our assay was able to identify three different types of fusion gene with a wide detection range and detection limit of 1 fmol (almost the same level of the RT-PCR result reported). (dovepress.com)
- 6 , 7 The isoform of the fusion gene exon 1 of TMPRSS2 combined with exon 4 of ERG is the most common type of fusion gene in prostate cancer. (dovepress.com)
- This fusion gene is deregulated, leading to the transcription of excessively high levels of Bcl-2. (wikipedia.org)
- One such gene fusion that has been identified in a MCF-7 breast cancer cell line is a chimera between the RAD51C and ATXN7 genes. (wikipedia.org)
malignancies
- But simultaneous over-expression of Bcl-2 and the proto-oncogene myc may produce aggressive B-cell malignancies including lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
chromosome
- We previously reported the identification of a recurrent Striatin - ALK (STRN-ALK) fusion - the result of a complex rearrangement involving the short arm of chromosome 2 - in thyroid carcinomas [ 10 ]. (omicsonline.org)
malignant
- RESULTS: WPE-stem cells rapidly acquired a malignant CSC-like phenotype by 18 weeks of exposure, becoming highly invasive, losing contact inhibition, and hypersecreting matrix metalloproteinase-9. (thefreelibrary.com)
transcriptional
- Bromodomain Containing 4 (BRD4) mediates transcriptional elongation of the oncogene MYC by binding to acetylated histones. (readbyqxmd.com)
lung
- These recent reports also highlight the potential use of drugs such as crizotinib that target ALK rearrangement with proven efficiency in non-small cell lung carcinomas [ 12 ] for highly aggressive types of thyroid cancer . (omicsonline.org)
- Like nearly all lung carcinomas, however, GCCs are exceedingly rare in very young people: in the US SEER program, only 2 cases were recorded to occur in persons younger than 30 years of age between 1983 and 1987. (wikipedia.org)
tumours
- Aneuploidy has frequently been noted in many solid tumours, and occasionally a few uterine carcinoma and prostatic carcinomas have been reported to be diploid (table 1). (bmj.com)
Molecular
- Genética molecular do carcinoma papilífero de tireóide grandes esperanças. (scielo.br)
tissue
- Transgenic mice expressing elevated levels of cyclin E in the mammary epithelium during pregnancy and lactation suffer from a higher incidence of mammary adenocarcinoma ( 8 ), suggesting that cyclin E might act as an oncogene in this tissue ( 9 ). (aacrjournals.org)
BRD4-NUT
- Expression profiling of NMCs show that the set of genes whose expression is maintained by BRD4-NUT is highly enriched for MYC upregulated genes, and MYC and BRD4-NUT protein expression is strongly correlated in primary NMCs. (aacrjournals.org)
abnormal
- 2 Therefore, a method to determine and differentiate types of fusion genes in patient samples is required to understand the function of abnormal genes in cancer. (dovepress.com)
cells
- Bisulfite genomic sequencing analysis indicated that the methylation levels of the DEK promoter in normal hepatic cells and tissues were higher than those in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. (cancerindex.org)
cancer
- MCV Infection and Merkel Cell Carcinoma: MCV is a novel human polyomavirus recently discovered in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a highly aggressive form of skin cancer. (upenn.edu)
- Outcomes depend on a person's age and other health problems as well as how aggressive and extensive the cancer is. (wikipedia.org)
diagnostic
- Ability to identify multiple fusion genes in a single sample has become important for diagnostic and clinical purposes. (dovepress.com)
human
- Human PAX3 and mouse Pax3 are present in a subfamily along with the highly homologous human PAX7 and mouse Pax7 genes. (wikipedia.org)
expression
- Regulation of DEK expression by AP-2α and methylation level of DEK promoter in hepatocellular carcinoma. (cancerindex.org)
consists
- The DEK-NUP214 fusion protein (cloned by von Lindern et al,1992) consists of almost the whole of the DEK protein fused to the C-terminal two-thirds of the NUP214 protein. (cancerindex.org)
- The highly conserved PD consists of a 128 amino acid region that binds to DNA sequences related to the TCACGC/G motif. (wikipedia.org)
growth
- Bcl-2 is specifically considered an important anti-apoptotic protein but it is NOT considered a proto-oncogene because it is not a growth signal transducer. (wikipedia.org)
proto-oncogene
- ETV6 is a clinically significant proto-oncogene in that it can fuse with other genes to drive the development and/or progression of certain cancers. (wikipedia.org)
- Bcl-2 is specifically considered an important anti-apoptotic protein but it is NOT considered a proto-oncogene because it is not a growth signal transducer. (wikipedia.org)
- But simultaneous over-expression of Bcl-2 and the proto-oncogene myc may produce aggressive B-cell malignancies including lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
genes
- Expression profiling of NMCs show that the set of genes whose expression is maintained by BRD4-NUT is highly enriched for MYC upregulated genes, and MYC and BRD4-NUT protein expression is strongly correlated in primary NMCs. (aacrjournals.org)
- Human PAX3 and mouse Pax3 are present in a subfamily along with the highly homologous human PAX7 and mouse Pax7 genes. (wikipedia.org)
- One such gene fusion that has been identified in a MCF-7 breast cancer cell line is a chimera between the RAD51C and ATXN7 genes. (wikipedia.org)
distinct
- Epimorphin/syntaxin-2 (EPM) is a plasma membrane-anchored protein that has at least two distinct functions depending on its membrane topology: vesicle fusion when localized to the cytoplasmic surface and morphogenic signaling when localized to the extracellular surface. (aacrjournals.org)
breast
- Studies of human breast tissue samples showed that NRG1 exon 1 was partially methylated in 14 out of 17 (82.4%) invasive carcinomas although it was unmethylated in normal tissues (8 out of 10 normal breast tissue samples). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Cancer
- Outcomes depend on a person's age and other health problems as well as how aggressive and extensive the cancer is. (wikipedia.org)
- Although it is common in the lung cancer literature to refer to histologically mixed tumors containing significant numbers of malignant giant cells as "giant-cell carcinomas", technically a diagnosis of "giant-cell carcinoma" should be limited strictly to neoplasms containing only malignant giant cells (i.e. "pure" giant-cell carcinoma). (wikipedia.org)
gene
- This fusion gene is deregulated, leading to the transcription of excessively high levels of Bcl-2. (wikipedia.org)
significant
- Specifically, there was a significant difference between the OPN levels in patients with ovarian carcinoma and BOT (P (cancerindex.org)
However
- Like nearly all lung carcinomas, however, GCCs are exceedingly rare in very young people: in the US SEER program, only 2 cases were recorded to occur in persons younger than 30 years of age between 1983 and 1987. (wikipedia.org)
Patients
- Patients with giant prolactinomas typically present with highly elevated prolactin levels, endocrinologic disturbances, and neurologic symptoms from mass-induced pressure. (stanford.edu)
- Comparison of Plasma Osteopontin Levels between Patients with Borderline Ovarian Tumours and Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. (cancerindex.org)
- The aim of our study was to measure the plasma level of OPN and CA125 in patients with borderline ovarian tumours (BOTs), serous ovarian carcinoma, and controls to determine its potential role in the differential diagnosis between serous ovarian carcinoma and BOT. (cancerindex.org)
- and for patients with serous ovarian carcinoma 59.5 ng/ml. (cancerindex.org)
giant
- Giant-cell carcinomas have been reported to be diagnosed in a significantly younger population than all non-small-cell carcinomas considered as a group. (wikipedia.org)
often
- Furthermore, the aggressive nature of current therapies often leads to severe, long-term side effects such as cerebellar mutism, cognitive and endocrine impairments, hearing loss, infertility, and neuropathies. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)