Another vaccine, containing the TC-83 strain, is only used on humans in military and laboratory positions that risk contracting the virus. (wikipedia.org)
A characteristic of these viruses is their lack of antiviral treatment or vaccine for its prevention. (bvsalud.org)
This recommendation followed approval by the FDA in May 2013 to extend use of the SA 14 -14-2 strain Japanese encephalitis vaccine (Ixiaro), the only vaccine against the disease available in the United States, to children aged 2 months to 16 years. (medscape.com)
ZMapp), anti-sense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO AVI-6002), lipid nanoparticle small interfering RNA (LNP-siRNA: TKM-Ebola), and an EBOV glycoprotein-based vaccine using live-attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV-EBOGP) or a chimpanzee adenovirus (rChAd-EBOGP)-based vector. (biomedcentral.com)
19951
On May 23, 1995, equine encephalitis-like cases were reported in the northwest portion of the country. (wikipedia.org)
Infection5
After infection, equines may suddenly die or show progressive central nervous system disorders. (wikipedia.org)
We performed in vivo assays in rabbits to study virus replication kinetics in several tissues at the early stage of infection, and to estimate the minimum infective dose. (biomedcentral.com)
The genus Orthobunyavirus are a group of viruses within arbovirus, with a zoonotic cycle, some of which could lead to human infection. (bvsalud.org)
While LACV infection is often asymptomatic, dozens of cases of encephalitis are reported yearly. (bvsalud.org)
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is a mosquito-borne viral pathogen that causes Venezuelan equine encephalitis or encephalomyelitis (VEE). (wikipedia.org)
These forms of the virus are highly pathogenic to equines and can also affect human health. (wikipedia.org)
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is a highly pathogenic virus (genus Lagovirus , family Caliciviridae ) that causes rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) in wild and domestic European rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) . (biomedcentral.com)
The Lagovirus genus also comprises the pathogenic European brown hare syndrome virus (EBHSV), first detected in Sweden in 1980 [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mosquitoes2
The virus that causes VEE is transmitted primarily by mosquitoes that bite an infected animal and then bite and feed on another animal or human. (wikipedia.org)
Culex taenopius mosquitos, which prefer rodents, were replaced by Aedes taeniorhynchus mosquitoes, which are more likely to bite humans and large equines. (wikipedia.org)
Viral1
Bunyaviruses, like influenza viruses (IFVs), possess a cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) that mediates the critical cap-snatching step of viral RNA transcription. (bvsalud.org)
Enzootic1
In 1993, an outbreak of encephalitis among 125 af- amplifi cation), or enzootic (not known to cause equine fected equids in coastal Chiapas, Mexico, resulted in a 50% disease). (cdc.gov)
Subtype2
The speed with which the disease spreads depends on the subtype of the VEE virus and the density of mosquito populations. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] The Mucambo virus (subtype III) appears to have evolved ~1807 AD (95% credible interval: 1559-1944). (wikipedia.org)
Fevers2
Healthy adults who become infected by the virus may experience flu-like symptoms, such as high fevers and headaches. (wikipedia.org)
Bunyaviruses are significant human pathogens, causing diseases ranging from hemorrhagic fevers to encephalitis. (bvsalud.org)
Outbreak4
Between December 1992 and January 1993, the Venezuelan state of Trujillo experienced an outbreak of this virus. (wikipedia.org)
June 1993 saw a bigger outbreak in the Venezuelan state of Zulia, as 55 humans died as well as 66 equine deaths. (wikipedia.org)
This outbreak resulted in 14,156 human cases that were attributable to Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus with 26 human deaths. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Though the majority of VEE outbreaks occur in Central and South America, the virus has potential to outbreak again in the United States. (wikipedia.org)
Rodents2
Equines, rather than rodents, are the primary animal species that carry and spread the disease. (wikipedia.org)
To better biological weapon, mainly because it is highly infectious understand the ecology of this VEEV strain in Chiapas, we by aerosol transmission and can infect humans with a rela- experimentally infected 5 species of wild rodents and evalu- ated their competence as reservoir and amplifying hosts. (cdc.gov)
Epizootic2
During the mid-1990s, 2 epizootic equine outbreaks of disease and died by day 8 postinoculation. (cdc.gov)
Alphavirus ) strains are their principal vertebrate amplifying hosts, whereas horses categorized as either epizootic (associated with equine dis- and humans are considered spillover, dead-end hosts not ease and major epidemics of human disease through equine required for maintenance of the natural cycle. (cdc.gov)
Antiviral2
Since virus multiplication is dependent on host cell lipid metabolism, the antiviral effect of NDGA has been previously related to its ability to disturb the lipid metabolism, probably by interfering with the 5-lipoxigenase (5-LOX) and the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP) pathway. (bvsalud.org)
Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System? (mdpi.com)
Humans2
When a blood-feeding insect feeds on such animals, it picks up this virus and transmits it to other animals or humans. (wikipedia.org)
These viruses are involving hundreds of thousands of humans and equids. (cdc.gov)
Species1
By infecting numerous rodent species and Texas in 1971 ( 3 ), the 1993 and 1996 outbreaks were con- producing adequate viremia, VEEV may increase its chanc- sidered to have the potential to spread to other regions of es of long-term persistence in nature and could increase Mexico or the United States. (cdc.gov)
Vaccines1
He has also served as the Vice Dean and the Dean of the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, and currently the Director and Professor for the International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines To reflect his scientific contribution, he was listed in ISI Highly Cited Researchers' List and received several prestigious awards. (isv-online.org)
Primarily1
The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) occurs primarily in rural areas of Asia (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Illness1
These forms of the virus can cause human illness but generally do not affect equine health. (wikipedia.org)
Cases1
About 500 equine cases were reported with 475 deaths. (wikipedia.org)
Genome1
Whole-genome sequencing revealed that amino acid substitutions in the CEN region of drug-resistant viruses were located in similar positions as those of the CEN α3-helix loop of IFVs derived under drug selection. (bvsalud.org)
Human1
Respiratory viruses infect the human upper respiratory tract, mostly causing mild diseases. (mdpi.com)
Disease3
it has been developed as a ously associated with equine disease and death. (cdc.gov)
To prevent, detect, and evalu- risk for establishment in disease-endemic areas and ampli- ate potential reemergence of this virus in the United States, fi cation outside the disease-endemic range. (cdc.gov)
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus Lagovirus europaeus /GI.1d variant (GI.1d/RHDV) was identified in 1990 in France, and until the emergence of the new genotype GI.2, it was the main variant circulating in the country. (biomedcentral.com)
Study1
2001). The toilet flush study was designed to replicate the number of virus released from an infected individual. (scienceopen.com)
Genus1
Zigophyllaceae), against Fort Sherman virus (FSV) as a model of Orthobunyavirus genus. (bvsalud.org)
Family1
The EBOV is an enveloped filamentous RNA virus belonging to the family Filoviridae . (biomedcentral.com)
Host cell1
Like all viruses, the EBOV largely relies on host cell factors and physiological processes for its entry, replication, and egress. (biomedcentral.com)
Lead1
Respiratory viruses can also exacerbate asthma and lead to various types of respiratory distress syndromes. (mdpi.com)