AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Encephalitis Virus, JapaneseEncephalitis, JapaneseEncephalitis Virus, Venezuelan EquineEncephalitis Viruses, Tick-BorneEncephalitis Virus, St. LouisEncephalitis VirusesEncephalitisEncephalitis Virus, Eastern EquineEncephalitis Virus, Western EquineEncephalitis, ViralEncephalitis, St. LouisEncephalomyelitis, Venezuelan EquineEncephalitis Virus, Murray ValleyEncephalitis, ArbovirusEncephalitis, Tick-BorneEncephalomyelitis, EquineJapanese Encephalitis VaccinesFlavivirusEncephalitis Viruses, JapaneseLimbic EncephalitisEncephalitis, Herpes SimplexCulicidaeWest Nile virusFlavivirus InfectionsEncephalomyelitis, Eastern EquineJapanCulexArthritis-Encephalitis Virus, CaprineAntibodies, ViralVirus ReplicationHorse DiseasesVirus CultivationVero CellsRNA, ViralSindbis VirusViral VaccinesAlphavirusWest Nile FeverRNA VirusesNeutralization TestsCercopithecus aethiopsViral Plaque AssayVaccinia virusArbovirusesViral Envelope ProteinsHorsesCricetinaeAntigens, ViralEncephalitis Virus, CaliforniaEncephalitis, CaliforniaReceptors, VirusMolecular Sequence DataPhylogenyCell LineHemagglutination Inhibition TestsViral Nonstructural ProteinsVirus AssemblyAnti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor EncephalitisVirulenceEncephalomyelitis, Western EquineInsect VectorsVirus DiseasesViral ProteinsVaccines, AttenuatedDefective VirusesGoatsBird DiseasesArbovirus InfectionsVirus SheddingLentivirus InfectionsCzechoslovakiaBrainMeasles virusSimian virus 40Cytopathogenic Effect, ViralSequence Analysis, DNAYellow fever virusGoat DiseasesPlant VirusesVirionRabies virusDNA VirusesViremiaAedesAmino Acid SequenceRepliconGenes, ViralDengue VirusBirdsAntiviral AgentsInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeDengueEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayRNA HelicasesInfluenza A Virus, H5N1 SubtypeViral Structural ProteinsDNA, ViralHemagglutination, ViralOchlerotatusDisease Outbreaks
FlavivirusCulexVaccinationMosquitoesFlaviviridaeAntibodiesType of viral encephalitisSymptomsCases of Japanese encephalitisEndemicYellow feverDiagnosisDengue feverWest NileSerumVaccinesFeverMeningitis and encephalitisFlavivirusesOutbreaksAcuteTick-borneAnother mosquito-borne diseaseRabiesVaccine is availableClinicalSingle-strandedNeurologicalInflammation of brain causedAntiviralLaboratoryImmunisationIndiaLive attenuatedMortalityHumansGenotypeZika virusGorakhpurWading birdsIncidenceDiseaseReplicationTravelersDENVFamily of virusesEtiologyVectorsPathogenesisMosquito biteEpidemiologyMorbidityOccurs primarily in rural areasIxiaro
Flavivirus17
Culex7
  • [ 1 ] Japanese encephalitis is spread through these regions by bites of culicine mosquitoes, most often Culex tritaeniorhynchus . (medscape.com)
  • The mosquitoes that transmit Japanese encephalitis virus, especially those belonging to the genus Culex , are usually found in wetlands and drainage ditches, and will be out biting mostly at dawn and dusk. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The virus is transmitted to humans primarily by Culex mosquitoes, which breed in flooded rice fields and pools of stagnant water and most often feed outdoors during the evening and night. (cdc.gov)
  • This disease from the virus family Flaviviridae, spreads to human through infected Culex mosquitoes that had bitten animals which are reservoirs for the virus. (rentokil.com)
  • A Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) belonging to the genotype I-a (GI-a) has been isolated for the first time from a Culex gelidus mosquito in the Province of Jambi, Indonesia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Culex mosquitoes, which play an important role in spreading Japanese encephalitis, bite mostly and dawn and dusk. (racgp.org.au)
  • The JE virus spreads spontaneously between wild and domestic birds as well as pigs and is contracted by the bite of a Culex mosquito. (doctor-dr.com)
Vaccination14
  • On a global therefore include other encephalitides (e.g., conditions scale, however, the incidence of JE may decline as a result caused by other arboviruses and herpesviruses) and infec- of large-scale vaccination programs implemented in China tions that involve the central nervous system (e.g., bacterial and India. (cdc.gov)
  • however, JEV was more likely to be the cause of encephalitis among children who received no vaccination (22%, 6/27) than among those with unknown vaccination history (10%, 15/157). (cdc.gov)
  • Vaccination is recommended for those at the highest risk of catching Japanese encephalitis. (nsw.gov.au)
  • More than 95% of people develop a protective immune response to the virus by about 28 days after completing the primary vaccination schedule. (nsw.gov.au)
  • Generally, the safe and effective Japanese encephalitis vaccination is used for prevention. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Japanese encephalitis in Gorakhpur: Why has vaccination failed to make an impact? (ideasforindia.in)
  • Vaccination is the mainstay of prevention strategies for Japanese encephalitis - the child killer disease that recently caused many deaths in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh. (ideasforindia.in)
  • Generally rabies vaccination is advised for high risk individuals such as veterinarians or animal handlers, cavers. (travelvax.com.au)
  • The best way to avoid Japanese encephalitis caused by a mosquito bite is to ensure you visit us in Northampton for vaccination before you travel. (touchwoodpharmacy.com)
  • 2 Infants born to pregnant women who are vaccinated against influenza and pertussis have significantly higher levels of antibodies at birth, 3,4 with maternal antibodies from antenatal pertussis vaccination persisting in infants for up to two months postpartum. (racgp.org.au)
  • However, a recent examination of Victorian data found that influenza vaccination coverage was higher for pregnancies ending in winter or spring (influenza season) when compared with other times throughout the year. (racgp.org.au)
  • These recommendations follow on from earlier advice from CDNA identifying the groups at highest risk of disease and who should be prioritised for vaccination. (edu.au)
  • The potential for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 to be associated with disease enhancement is of theoretical concern, given similar observations with other respiratory viruses in general, and in animal models of highly pathogenic coronaviruses in particular [14] . (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • Dengue viruses are members of the Flaviviridae and have sufficient antigenic similarity to yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and West Nile virus that previous infection or vaccination may raise cross-reactive serum antibodies. (cdc.gov)
Mosquitoes12
  • The mosquitoes that spread Japanese encephalitis are usually found in wetlands and drainage ditches, and will be out biting mostly at dawn and dusk. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The virus is maintained in nature between mosquitoes and waterbirds, mainly herons and egrets. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The mosquitoes that spread Japanese encephalitis virus are different to Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus - the mosquitoes that spread dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The virus has been detected in sentinel pigs and local mosquitoes from the Cape York Peninsula . (medicalxpress.com)
  • These local mosquitoes have the potential to spread a number of closely related viruses. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Genetic studies also suggest that local mosquitoes are not as efficient at spreading the virus compared to those in countries to our north . (medicalxpress.com)
  • Zika belongs to a class of viruses known as Arboviruses, which are essentially any virus transmitted from blood-sucking arthropods, like mosquitoes and ticks, to vertebrates like humans. (todayifoundout.com)
  • Belgian Mosquitoes Are Competent for Japanese Encephalitis Virus and Readily Feed on Pigs, Suggesting a High Vectorial Capacity. (sciensano.be)
  • The mosquitoes that spread Japanese encephalitis are usually found in wetlands and drainage areas, such as rice paddies. (racgp.org.au)
  • Japanese Encephalitis is also transmitted by the mosquitoes when they feed on wild birds and pigs infected wity the JEV. (byjus.com)
  • Sometimes known as Japanese fever, it is a virus transmitted by mosquitoes. (touchwoodpharmacy.com)
  • The virus is kept alive by mosquitoes and amplifying vertebrate hosts, primarily pigs, in an enzootic cycle. (doctor-dr.com)
Flaviviridae6
  • Japanese encephalitis virus belongs to the Japanese encephalitis serocomplex, which is composed of 9 genetically and antigenically related viruses of the Flaviviridae family. (medscape.com)
  • Ribavirin (already established as therapy for hepatitis C virus, which is also in the Flaviviridae family) was used in a study of 153 Indian children with JEV encephalitis, but did not indicate any benefit compared with placebo. (mja.com.au)
  • Technically a Flaviviridae virus, Zika is also in a family of viruses that include West Nile, Yellow fever, and mosquito transmitted Dengue Virus. (todayifoundout.com)
  • Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family. (microbiologynote.com)
  • The Flaviviridae family of viruses includes the Japanese encephalitis virus, an RNA virus with a diameter of approximately ~ 40-50 nm and cubic symmetry. (microbiologynote.com)
  • JE, also known as 'brain fever', is caused by the JE virus (JEV), which belongs to the same family ( Flaviviridae ) as yellow fever virus, dengue virus, and Zika virus. (ideasforindia.in)
Antibodies13
  • Serum samples were tested for antibodies against JE virus, mumps virus, echoviruses, and coxsackieviruses ( 3 , 4 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Good prognostic factors include high CSF concentration of neutralizing antibodies. (medscape.com)
  • 11 It is also possible that prior immunisation with yellow fever virus or JEV vaccine may induce cross-reactive antibodies. (mja.com.au)
  • 46 There are numerous reports of immunotherapy for WNV encephalitis in Israel and the United States with WNV-specific intravenous immunoglobulin (Omr-IgG-am, Omrix Biopharmaceuticals, Tel Aviv, Israel) obtained from donors with high titres of WNV antibodies. (mja.com.au)
  • We measured levels of antibodies to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens obtained from 32 patients with acute encephalitis by using "antibody-capture" solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoassays specific for IgM or IgO to JEV. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Serological detection of total antibodies (IgM and IgG) directed towards Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus by Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assay. (canada.ca)
  • The HI assay is used to measure the level of antibodies in a patient's serum that will prevent the agglutination of susceptible erythrocytes by inactivated antigens that are able to attach to the erythrocyte receptors on red blood cells. (canada.ca)
  • It's incredibly challenging to accurately diagnose flaviviruses by detecting antibodies against them because there's such a high degree of cross-reactivity between them that it's difficult to distinguish between them. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • The vaccine stimulates your body to make antibodies against the virus. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
  • These antibodies protect you from illness should you become infected with this virus. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
  • Virus-specific IgM antibodies demonstrated in CSF. (cdc.gov)
  • PRNT can often resolve cross-reactive serum antibodies in this situation and identify the infecting virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Laboratory testing with a rapid conducted at that time showed that 6.1% of the residents assay suggested that a dengue virus (DENV) was the caus- in nearby regions of Uganda had specifi c antibodies to ative agent. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Type of viral encephalitis1
Symptoms11
  • The flu-like symptoms in which these viruses present, combined with their mostly mild nature, should not deter you from the very real health problems they can potentially cause. (todayifoundout.com)
  • Symptomatic infections typically manifest as non-specific febrile illnesses with diarrhea, rigors, headache, vomiting, decreased level of consciousness, aseptic meningitis, or encephalitis as well as other symptoms. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Although it can occur without symptoms, the main associated symptoms are headaches, high fevers, vomiting and confusion due to inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). (touchwoodpharmacy.com)
  • Every year, almost 70,000 people suffer from Japanese encephalitis with symptoms, and around 17,000 people die as a result of the infection. (touchwoodpharmacy.com)
  • The early symptoms including non-specific febrile illness, diarrhea and rigor followed by symptoms such as headache, high fever, reduced level of consciousness, seizures, tremors and convulsion [6] . (ommegaonline.org)
  • Most people infected with JE virus don't have any symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Others might have symptoms as mild as a fever and headache, or as serious as encephalitis (brain infection). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Severe infection starts with symptoms like severe headache, disorientation, encephalitis and results in unconsciousness, coma and death. (asianage.com)
  • If a person shows symptoms of encephalitis along with fever, three body fluids - blood, urine and cerebral spinal fluid - and throat swabs are collected and sent for lab tests. (asianage.com)
  • Given that these enhanced responses are triggered by failed attempts to control the infecting virus, VAED typically presents with symptoms related to the target organ of the infection pathogen. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • Dengue virus-specific viral antigen or genomic sequences demonstrated in donated blood or organs during screening and confirmatory testing in the absence of symptoms in the donor. (cdc.gov)
Cases of Japanese encephalitis1
  • This report describes two cases of Japanese encephalitis that were reported to CDC in 2010. (cdc.gov)
Endemic10
  • Two distinct epide- countries where the JE virus is endemic ( 2 ), and the annual miologic patterns of JE have been described. (cdc.gov)
  • In the United States, Japanese encephalitis mostly develops among travelers returning from endemic countries. (medscape.com)
  • Individuals infected with Japanese encephalitis virus have a history of mosquito exposure in an endemic area. (medscape.com)
  • Health care providers should advise travelers to JE-endemic countries of the risk of JE virus infection and the importance of personal protective measures to prevent mosquito bites. (cdc.gov)
  • Since then, encephalitis cases have been reported in several hospitals and currently Japanese encephalitis (JE) has become widespread and endemic across 32 out of 34 Indonesian provinces [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Individuals of any age maybe affected by the disease, but most of the adult population in the countries where Japanese Encephalitis is endemic have a natural immunity after the childhood infection. (byjus.com)
  • Suspected infection with Japanese Encephalitis virus and has travel to endemic area. (canada.ca)
  • BACKGROUND: Rabies is endemic in southern Bhutan, associated with 1-2 human deaths and high post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) costs annually. (bvsalud.org)
  • METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Specific objectives were to assess the assay's ability to detect YF virus strains in human serum from YF-endemic regions, determine the potential for interference and cross-reactions, verify the performance claims as stated by the manufacturer, and assess usability. (cdc.gov)
  • CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: The RealStar Yellow Fever Virus RT-PCR kit 1.0 has performance characteristics consistent with the manufacturer's claims and is suitable for use in YF-endemic regions. (cdc.gov)
Yellow fever6
  • Yellow fever viruses under an electron microscope. (mpg.de)
  • The researchers then infect the cells with yellow fever viruses. (mpg.de)
  • Zika belongs to a family of viruses called flaviviruses, which includes dengue, West Nile, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitic viruses. (purdue.edu)
  • Yellow Fever, Dengue, Powassan, etc.) detection of total anti-JE virus specific antibody in a single serum sample is indicative of past or present exposure to this agent, or a related agent from the same virus genus. (canada.ca)
  • Flaviviruses, such as Dengue (DENV), Zika, Yellow Fever, Japanese Encephalitis and West Nile are important pathogens with high morbidity and mortality. (mendeley.com)
  • This report details a limited laboratory WHO-coordinated evaluation of the altona Diagnostics RealStar Yellow Fever Virus RT-PCR kit 1.0. (cdc.gov)
Diagnosis1
Dengue fever1
  • 33 Antigen detection assays are not available for MVEV, but have been used for JEV and Dengue fever virus. (mja.com.au)
West Nile3
Serum7
  • Japanese encephalitis virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) on serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the standard diagnostic test for Japanese encephalitis. (medscape.com)
  • Overseas experience with WNV and JEV encephalitis suggests that IgM in serum usually appears 4-9 days after disease onset and can persist for months. (mja.com.au)
  • all had high levels of IgM to JEV in serum, but none had detectable IgM to JEV in CSF. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • A fourfold or greater increase or decrease in titre between the acute phase and convalescent phase serum is considered to be diagnostic of infection with Japanese Encephalitis virus. (canada.ca)
  • Insights into the immunopathogenesis during Japanese encephalitis virus infection (2017) Cell Immunol Serum Biol 3(1): 83- 86. (ommegaonline.org)
  • RNA extracted from normal human serum spiked with YF virus showed the assay to be precise with minimal lot-to-lot variation. (cdc.gov)
  • The latest test results of blood and serum samples of 21 bats found on the premises of the first Keralite victims' house have ruled out those insectivore bats as the carriers of the virus. (asianage.com)
Vaccines5
  • A team led by researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems in Magdeburg is developing methods with which viruses for vaccines can be replicated in significantly higher concentrations than before. (mpg.de)
  • If IG needs to be administered because of imminent exposure to disease, live virus vaccines may be administered simultaneously with IG recognizing that vaccine-induced immunity may be compromised. (cdc.gov)
  • Adults are usually only offered vaccines if they have a weakened immune system or they have a higher risk of developing an illness. (medic8.com)
  • With other maternal vaccines currently in development, such as vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus and Group B streptococcus, maternal immunisation is playing an increasingly important role in improving maternal and neonatal health. (racgp.org.au)
  • ATAGI have released new guidance for healthcare providers ​regarding the administration of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) vaccines. (edu.au)
Fever3
  • Surveillance was conducted for three clinical syndromes (hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and hepatitis) in Cambodian children admitted to the National Pediatric Hospital in Phnom Penh from July 1996 through September 1998. (cdc.gov)
  • Look for anything that concerns you, such as signs of a severe allergic reaction, very high fever, or behavior changes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The early symptom begins as a fever during the NiV's incubation period, but since that is a common symptom for Japanese encephalitis or Dengue, it can't be confirmed as NiV for two-three days. (asianage.com)
Meningitis and encephalitis1
  • Tests for other viral, bacterial, and fungal causes of meningitis and encephalitis were negative. (cdc.gov)
Flaviviruses3
  • Perhaps our local flaviviruses provide some immunity in local wildlife to infection with Japanese encephalitis virus. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Although only the mature forms of flaviviruses are considered infectious, the virus population secreted from host cells is a mixture of mature, partially mature and immature virus particles. (purdue.edu)
  • Findings also show differences between the immature Zika virus and immature versions of other flaviviruses. (purdue.edu)
Outbreaks4
  • Given outbreaks of Japanese encephalitis virus have occurred in Torres Strait and neighbouring Papua New Guinea, concern has been raised about the potential introduction and spread of the virus in Australia. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Recent Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) outbreaks in southeastern Australia have sparked interest into epidemiological factors surrounding the virus' novel emergence in this region. (mdpi.com)
  • Method(s): to better understand current capacity, gaps and needs of the GYFLN laboratories in Africa, assessments were carried out in national and regional reference laboratories in the 25 African countries at high risk for YF outbreaks that were eligible for new financial support from Gavi. (cdc.gov)
  • This manageable size together with the current advances in nucleotide sequencing technology means that partial and whole virus genome sequencing will become an essential component in epidemiologic investigations of disease outbreaks. (msdmanuals.com)
Acute3
  • The government of Uttar Pradesh has recently launched a huge door to door campaign DASTAK, to prevent Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) and Japanese Encephalitis (JE) to make sure that the disease is eradicated from the state at the earliest. (byjus.com)
  • However, these figures could be a gross underestimation, since there was a huge number of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) cases/deaths during these years, which could plausibly also include many more JE cases/deaths that remained unconfirmed. (ideasforindia.in)
  • Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of brain caused by either host immune response or viral infection. (ommegaonline.org)
Tick-borne3
Another mosquito-borne disease2
  • But authorities are warning Australians to take care to avoid another mosquito-borne disease, Japanese encephalitis, when holidaying in the region, after a spike in cases in Indonesia . (medicalxpress.com)
  • As the nation is fighting against Aedes threats, Malaysians are now at risk of another mosquito borne disease, the Japanese Encephalitis (JE). (rentokil.com)
Rabies1
  • METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 50 clinicians' management of human cases potentially exposed to rabies was conducted in 13 health centers in high-rabies-risk areas of Bhutan during February-March 2016. (bvsalud.org)
Vaccine is available2
Clinical2
  • Virus isolation from clinical specimens is difficult because viremia in humans is transient and low level. (medscape.com)
  • JEV is the main cause of viral encephalitis in many countries of Asia with an estimated 68,000 clinical cases every year [1,2] . (ommegaonline.org)
Single-stranded3
  • It is an infectious, single-stranded RNA-based virus with an envelope. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Positive-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that can serve as messenger RNA (mRNA) that can be directly translated to produce an amino acid sequence. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Negative-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded negative-sense genome that first must synthesize a complementary positive-sense antigenome, which is then used to make genomic negative-sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)
Neurological3
  • Researchers are also looking into a link between Zika virus and a wide range of other neurological disorders. (todayifoundout.com)
  • There are currently no effective methods to eliminate the virus or to cure the neuroinflammation, leading to thousands of people succumbing to the devastating illness and the survivors often suffering from permanent neurological deficits. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is an important cause of neurological disease in Asia. (cdc.gov)
Inflammation of brain caused1
Antiviral3
Laboratory4
  • A field investigation identified epidemiological links and exposures, and laboratory results confirmed the cause of the outbreak to be the Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Laboratory workers at risk for exposure to JE virus should also be vaccinated. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The vaccine is also recommended for laboratory workers who may be exposed to the virus with their work. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
  • Result(s): the assessments found that the GYFLN in Africa has high capacity but 21% of specimens were not tested due to lack of testing kits or reagents and approximately 50% of presumptive YF cases were not confirmed at the regional reference laboratory due to problems with shipping. (cdc.gov)
Immunisation2
  • WHO has made recommendations for inclusion of the JEV vaccine in the national immunisation schedule of all the areas that recognise Japanese Encephalitis as a public health issue in order to control and prevent the disease. (byjus.com)
  • It is indicated for active immunisation against Japanese encephalitis in adults, adolescents, children and infants aged 2 months and older. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
India1
  • More and more people are dying in urban India due to high levels of pollutants in the air. (org.in)
Live attenuated1
  • However, live attenuated vaccine viruses might not successfully replicate and the subsequent antibody response could be diminished when the vaccine is given with IG. (cdc.gov)
Mortality5
  • Mortality rates associated with Japanese encephalitis may exceed 35% in less-developed countries. (medscape.com)
  • Morbidity and mortality rates are often disproportionately high in poorer populations. (who.int)
  • JE is the most important viral encephalitides in Asia and is responsible for high mortality and morbidity. (ideasforindia.in)
  • A literature review of the impact of the 2009 influenza pandemic reported a higher risk of hospitalisation, mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission among pregnant women when compared with non-pregnant adults. (racgp.org.au)
  • Though the infection rate is slower compared to common cold and influenza, the mortality rate stands at 40 per cent to 70 per cent, which is very high. (asianage.com)
Humans2
  • Named Nipah virus (NiV) infection, the newly emerging zoonosis that affects both animals and humans, are known to be spread by fruit bats. (asianage.com)
  • The virus, believed to be transmitted from bats to livestock, and then to humans, spread among humans through body fluids. (asianage.com)
Genotype1
  • The introduction and subsequent rapid spread of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype IV across all Australian mainland states and the Northern Territory since late 2021 has increased the risk of an incursion of this mosquito-transmitted zoonotic virus disease into New Zealand, with serious implications for both animal and human health. (bvsalud.org)
Zika virus12
  • Insect-borne diseases such as dengue, Japanese encephalitis, malaria and zika virus are a risk. (smartraveller.gov.au)
  • Zika virus infections and their associated complications have directly affected individuals and families, and caused social and economic disruption. (who.int)
  • Where Did the Zika Virus Come From and What Does It Do to Your Body? (todayifoundout.com)
  • Jess M. asks: Where did the zika virus originally come from? (todayifoundout.com)
  • The Zika virus was first discovered in 1947 in a Sentinel Rhesus monkey in Uganda. (todayifoundout.com)
  • As for more specifically what the Zika virus does to your body, once infected, Zika appears to fight your immune system by interfering with how your body's cells use signaling proteins to call on your immune system to react to a specific infection. (todayifoundout.com)
  • Researchers at Purdue University have determined the high-resolution structure of immature Zika virus, a step toward better understanding how the virus infects host cells and spreads. (purdue.edu)
  • Rossmann and Kuhn also led a team that last year determined the structure of the mature Zika virus. (purdue.edu)
  • The structure differs from the mature Zika virus in that the membrane protein in the mature virus is covered by the envelope protein. (purdue.edu)
  • The Zika virus, a mosquito-borne disease, has been associated with a birth defect called microcephaly that causes brain damage and an abnormally small head in babies born to mothers infected during pregnancy. (purdue.edu)
  • Zika virus. (medscape.com)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne fl avivirus fi rst studies in the absence of epidemics ( 6 - 8 ). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Gorakhpur1
  • Japanese encephalitis (JE) has been in the headlines recently due to the deaths of a large number of children at B.R.D. Medical College in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh (UP). (ideasforindia.in)
Wading birds1
  • The virus normally resides in natural reservoirs like pigs and wading birds and therefore, the disease cannot be totally eradicated. (ideasforindia.in)
Incidence5
  • However, because reporting is incomplete in most countries where JE incidence is high, these estimates are based on scarce data. (cdc.gov)
  • To estimate JE incidence in Dehong Prefecture during January 1-December 31, 2010, we conducted an anonymous, unlinked study of all cases of encephalitis at the only 2 major children's hospitals in the region, Dehong Prefecture Hospital in Mangshi and Ruili City Hospital in Ruili. (cdc.gov)
  • The annual incidence and fatalities from Japanese encephalitis are estimated as high as 50,000 in Asia. (todayifoundout.com)
  • Although the number of detected DLIs during the study period was low, DLI incidence was higher in the study compared to the dengue surveillance data in both countries. (who.int)
  • [ 4 , 6 ] The higher incidence of bacterial transmission via platelets has been attributed to the difference in storage temperatures. (medscape.com)
Disease14
  • Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vector-borne viral disease contextual determinants. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, the geographic distribution of mosquito species known to be competent JEV vectors in the country was estimated by combining known mosquito occurrences and ecological drivers of distribution to reveal insights into communities at highest risk of infectious disease transmission. (mdpi.com)
  • Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease that occurs in Asia and the western Pacific region. (cdc.gov)
  • The virus also has been associated with the autoimmune disease Guillain-Barré syndrome, which can lead to temporary paralysis. (purdue.edu)
  • The structure of the virus is likely to play a major role in the disease. (purdue.edu)
  • This recommendation followed approval by the FDA in May 2013 to extend use of the SA 14 -14-2 strain Japanese encephalitis vaccine (Ixiaro), the only vaccine against the disease available in the United States, to children aged 2 months to 16 years. (medscape.com)
  • The disease transmission is very high during rainy seasons due to the drastic increase in the population of vector. (byjus.com)
  • The disease can progress to inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) and is often accompanied by seizures. (byjus.com)
  • IXIARO is a vaccine indicated for active immunization for the prevention of disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). (drugs.com)
  • Although in most cases, Zika and its relatives only cause mild disease, in a proportion of individuals, infection results in more severe disease, such as encephalitis. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • It is higher for people living in areas where the disease is common, or for people traveling there for long periods of time. (medlineplus.gov)
  • First reported in Kampung Sungai Nipah, Malaysia, in 1998, the disease, back then was found to be transmitted by pigs which contracted the virus from fruit bats. (asianage.com)
  • BSE (mad cow disease or bovine spongiform encephalitis) is also a fear for many Japanese Sukiyaki and meat producers. (pyroenergen.com)
  • SARS-CoV-2 progressed to a global pandemic with substantial consequences due to its high infectivity and transmissibility, and its ability to cause both a severe respiratory illness, and a systemic disease with fatal consequences for vulnerable populations. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
Replication5
  • Mutations encoding basic (Arg), non-polar (Leu and Pro) and uncharged polar (Asn, Gln and Tyr) amino acids at M39 were introduced into a DENV-2 genomic-length cDNA clone and their effects on virus replication were examined. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • However, the mutations that abolished virus replication prevented secretion of prM/E complexes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Some viruses have an outer envelope consisting of protein and lipid, surrounding a protein capsid complex with genomic RNA or DNA and sometimes enzymes needed for the first steps of viral replication. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Classification of viruses is principally according to their genome sequence taking into consideration nature and structure of their genome and their method of replication, but not according to the diseases they cause (see International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), 2021 release ). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Certain single-strand, (+) sense RNA viruses termed retroviruses use a very different method of replication. (msdmanuals.com)
Travelers2
  • In addition, JE vaccine should be considered for some travelers who will be in a high-risk setting. (cdc.gov)
  • JE vaccine is recommended for travelers with higher JE risk itineraries. (cdc.gov)
DENV3
  • In this study, the role of the His residue at position 39 in the M protein (M39) of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) in the virus life cycle was investigated. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This study aimed to determine the incidences of dengue-like illness (DLI), dengue virus (DENV) infection, and serotypes and to identify socio-demographical and entomological risk factors of DLI in selected suburban and rural communities in the Lao People's Democratic Republic and in Thailand. (who.int)
  • 5 it was the most prevalent temephos is the widespread belief that it is harmful due to circulating strains of dengue virus (DENV) were DENV-4 its smell. (who.int)
Family of viruses1
  • This undated file image released by the British Health Protection Agency shows an electron microscope image of a coronavirus, part of a family of viruses that cause ailments including the common cold and SARS, which was first identified in the Middle East. (blacklistednews.com)
Etiology1
  • Number of children with encephalitis at 2 hospitals, by etiology and month of symptom onset, Dehong Prefecture, People's Republic of China, 2010. (cdc.gov)
Vectors2
  • The risk of infection is particularly high in towns and cities where vectors proliferate because of favourable habitats and contact with human beings is high. (who.int)
  • Proven interventions targeting vectors offer some of the highest cost-effectiveness ratios in public health. (who.int)
Pathogenesis2
  • Understanding the pathogenesis and transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus in Australia. (jobs.csiro.au)
  • The PhD student will work across CSIRO Business units (AAHL and H&B) and partner with Charles Sturt University, to address key gaps in the understanding of JEV pathogenesis and interactions with related viruses (inc. (jobs.csiro.au)
Mosquito bite1
  • The mosquito bite, which contains virus, is the point of entry for the JE virus. (doctor-dr.com)
Epidemiology1
  • This image depicted Bangladeshi Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) fellow, Dr. Samsad Rabbani Khan, as he was conducting a physical examination on a patient, during an encephalitis cluster investigation on May 30, 2014, at Chittagong Medical College Hospital, located in the city of Chittagong, Bangladesh. (cdc.gov)
Morbidity1
  • The JEV serological complex, which has a high morbidity and fatality rate, includes JEV. (microbiologynote.com)
Occurs primarily in rural areas2
  • Studies have shown that, JE virus occurs primarily in rural areas of the tropics, particularly in flooded rice fields. (rentokil.com)
  • The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) occurs primarily in rural areas of Asia (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Ixiaro1
  • Severe allergic reaction, (e.g., anaphylaxis,) after a previous dose of IXIARO, any other Japanese Encephalitis Virus vaccine, or any component of IXIARO, including protamine sulfate, is a contraindication to administration of IXIARO. (drugs.com)