Atropa belladonna, commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a toxic perennial herbaceous plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae, which also includes tomatoes, potatoes and eggplant (aubergine). (wikipedia.org)
Tropane alkaloids are of common occurrence not only in the Old World tribes Hyoscyameae (to which the genus Atropa belongs) and Mandragoreae, but also in the New World tribe Datureae - all of which belong to the subfamily Solanoideae of the plant family Solanaceae. (wikipedia.org)
Atropa belladonna has unpredictable effects. (wikipedia.org)
Atropa belladonna has a long history of use as a medicine, cosmetic, and poison. (wikipedia.org)
Known originally under various folk names (such as "deadly nightshade" in English), the plant was named Atropa belladonna by Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) when he devised his classification system. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] The use of deadly nightshades as a poison was known in ancient Rome, as attested by the rumour that the Roman empress Livia Drusilla used the juice of Atropa belladonna berries to murder her husband, the emperor Augustus. (wikipedia.org)
The modern pharmacological study of Atropa belladonna extracts was begun by the German chemist Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge (1795-1867). (wikipedia.org)
Atropa belladonna is a branching herbaceous perennial rhizomatous hemicryptophyte, often growing as a subshrub from a fleshy rootstock. (wikipedia.org)
Atropa belladonna is native to temperate southern, Central and Eastern Europe, Turkey, Iran and the Caucasus, but has been cultivated and introduced outside its native range. (wikipedia.org)
Atropa belladonna is a highly poisonous plant which contains variety of active alkaloids such as atropine, scopolamine and many others. (ijpsonline.com)
It is prepared from plant Atropa belladonna, commonly known as 'deadly nightshade' known to be most poisonous plant in world[ 3 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
The toxic berry of Atropa belladonna which contains the tropane deliriants scopolamine , atropine , and hyoscyamine . (wikipedia.org)
Atropine3
The tropane alkaloids atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine are highly anticholinergic compounds found in a number of plants. (medscape.com)
The antidote for belladonna poisoning is physostigmine or pilocarpine, the same as for atropine. (wikipedia.org)
In the first century BC, Cleopatra used Atropine-rich extracts from the Egyptian henbane plant (another nightshade) for the above-mentioned purpose of dilating the pupils of her eyes. (wikipedia.org)
Scopolamine1
Rich in alkaloids such as scopolamine and hyoscyamine, if ingested by humans, the trumpets can cause diarrhoea, confusion, migraines, paralysis and even death. (australiangeographic.com.au)
Poisonous3
A. belladonna is sometimes confused with the much less poisonous black nightshade, Solanum nigrum, belonging to a different genus within Solanaceae. (wikipedia.org)
Also known as 'devil's berries' or 'death cherries', the deadly nightshade plant and its berries are very poisonous and contain tropane alkaloids that cause hysteria, hallucinations, erratic behaviour and delirium. (australiangeographic.com.au)
Toxicity6
Although most tropane alkaloids cause an anticholinergic syndrome, a case report indicates that the tropane alkaloid-containing medicinal herb Erycibe henri Prain ("Ting Kung Teng") contains a tropane alkaloid that may cause a cholinergic syndrome, as well as kidney, liver, and erythrocyte toxicity. (medscape.com)
Toxicity from plants containing tropane alkaloids manifests as classic anticholinergic poisoning. (medscape.com)
The berries are sweet and are consumed by animals that disperse the seeds in their droppings, even though they contain toxic alkaloids (see Toxicity). (wikipedia.org)
However, due to its toxic nature and adverse teratogenic effect, it is important to investigate the possible toxicity and safety level of belladonna mother tincture. (ijpsonline.com)
In this study, zebrafish embryos were used to evaluate fetal embryo toxicity of the belladonna mother tincture. (ijpsonline.com)
Further developmental toxicity studies on animals need to be carried out to validate use of belladonna mother tincture clinically in low concentration or high dilution.s. (ijpsonline.com)
Toxic1
The foliage and berries are extremely toxic when ingested, containing tropane alkaloids. (wikipedia.org)
Berries2
Linnaeus chose the species name belladonna ("beautiful woman" in Italian) in reference to the cosmetic use of the plant during the Renaissance, when women used the juice of the berries in eyedrops intended to dilate the pupils and make the eyes appear more seductive. (wikipedia.org)
A comparison of the fruit shows that black nightshade berries are spherical, have a dull lustre and grow in clusters, whereas the berries of deadly nightshade are much glossier, twice as large, somewhat flattened and are borne singly. (wikipedia.org)
Many cultures worldwide add plants with tropane alkaloids (particularly Datura species) to alcoholic beverages to increase intoxication. (medscape.com)
Plant1
Alkaloids are plant metabolites that have a nitrogen-containing chemical ring structure, alkali-like chemical reactivity, and pharmacologic activity. (medscape.com)
Ingestion1
Symptoms usually occur 30-60 minutes after ingestion and may continue for 24-48 hours because tropane alkaloids delay gastric emptying and absorption. (medscape.com)
Poison1
The strychnine tree is used in homeopathic and herbal medicines but has also been used as rat poison. (australiangeographic.com.au)
Plants4
All of these plants have long histories of use connected with sorcery, witchcraft, native medicine, and magico-religious rites, dating back to 1500 BC and Homer's Odyssey . (medscape.com)
Extracts of plants in the deadly nightshade family have been in use since at least the 4th century BC, when Mandragora (mandrake) was recommended by Theophrastus for treatment of wounds, gout, and sleeplessness, and as a love potion. (wikipedia.org)
Like the Angel's trumpets, deadly nightshades are common garden plants not native to Australia. (australiangeographic.com.au)
Include2
[ 1 ] The alkaloids represent a very diverse group of medically significant compounds that include well-known drugs such as the opiates. (medscape.com)
A subgroup of the alkaloids is the alkaloid amines, which include three major pharmacologic groups: the hallucinogenic alkaloid amines, the stimulant alkaloid amines, and the tropane alkaloids (also called the belladonna alkaloids or bicyclic alkaloids). (medscape.com)
Central1
Another distinction is that black nightshade flowers are not tubular but white and star-shaped, bearing a central cone of yellow anthers. (wikipedia.org)
Comparison1
The behavioural parameters revealed that belladonna mother tincture increases the locomotor activity of larvae at its 1 % concentration rather than 5 and 10 % in comparison to control. (ijpsonline.com)
Drugs1
Belladonna is one of the most popular homoeopathic drugs used in baby teething, sudden severe pain and pain with inflammation or infection[ 2 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Although most tropane alkaloids cause an anticholinergic syndrome, a case report indicates that the tropane alkaloid-containing medicinal herb Erycibe henri Prain ("Ting Kung Teng") contains a tropane alkaloid that may cause a cholinergic syndrome, as well as kidney, liver, and erythrocyte toxicity. (medscape.com)
Intentional abuse with hallucinogenic plants (eg, Datura stramonium [jimson weed]) and mushrooms can cause anticholinergic syndrome due to the presence of anticholinergic tropane alkaloids . (medscape.com)
Scopolamine has been used in beverages as "knockout drops," and several cases of anticholinergic syndrome have been reported following Chinese herbal tea consumption. (medscape.com)
Datura3
Many cultures worldwide add plants with tropane alkaloids (particularly Datura species) to alcoholic beverages to increase intoxication. (medscape.com)
Cuscohygrine is a pyrrolidine alkaloid which can be extracted from coca or plants of the family Solanaceae, including Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade), Datura inoxia and D. stramonium (jimson weed). (wisewomanmentor.com)
Solanaceae3
Atropa belladonna, commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a toxic perennial herbaceous plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae, which also includes tomatoes, potatoes and eggplant (aubergine). (wikipedia.org)
Tropane alkaloids are of common occurrence not only in the Old World tribes Hyoscyameae (to which the genus Atropa belongs) and Mandragoreae, but also in the New World tribe Datureae - all of which belong to the subfamily Solanoideae of the plant family Solanaceae. (wikipedia.org)
A. belladonna is sometimes confused with the much less poisonous black nightshade, Solanum nigrum, belonging to a different genus within Solanaceae. (wikipedia.org)
Derivatives1
Other notable (modern) derivatives of ergot alkaloids include LSZ , ETH-LAD , PRO-LAD , AL-LAD , ALD-52 , and 1P-LSD . (tripsitter.com)
Commonly1
Witches commonly ingested herbs that contained tropane alkaloids - a class of powerful deliriant hallucinogens . (tripsitter.com)
Chinese1
Chinese herbal medicines containing tropane alkaloids have been used to treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, pain, and flu symptoms. (medscape.com)
Modern2
The use of nightshade preparations for anaesthesia, often in combination with opium, persisted throughout the Roman and Islamic empires and continued in Europe until superseded in the 19th century by modern anaesthetics. (wikipedia.org)
The modern pharmacological study of Atropa belladonna extracts was begun by the German chemist Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge (1795-1867). (wikipedia.org)
Long1
Atropa belladonna has a long history of use as a medicine, cosmetic, and poison. (wikipedia.org)