AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
Kidney TubulesKidney Tubules, ProximalHepatocytesKidneyKidney Tubules, CollectingKidney CortexNephronsKidney Tubules, DistalKidney MedullaLiverGlutamineMalpighian TubulesSodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPaseGluconeogenesisEpitheliumKidney DiseasesMicroscopy, ElectronTissue DistributionKidney TransplantationEpithelial CellsRNA, MessengerImmunohistochemistryDogsCell LineCells, CulturedAcute Kidney InjuryMolecular Sequence DataRats, Inbred StrainsKidney Failure, ChronicKidney GlomerulusPolycystic Kidney DiseasesRats, Sprague-DawleyKidney NeoplasmsRats, WistarKidney Function TestsLiver RegenerationAlbuminsBiological TransportKidney CalculiRats, Inbred F344KineticsGlucagonTime FactorsPolycystic Kidney, Autosomal DominantKidney Concentrating AbilityGlomerular Filtration RateMice, Inbred C57BLLiver Neoplasms, Experimental
EpithelialCanalicular membrane of hepatocytesCytoplasmMembraneTubular cellsOriginal magnificationNecrosisIntestineTissuesPredominantlyMembranesTransportersRenal tubularStellateDistalBone marrowParenchymaDegenerationCellsGluconeogenesisFunction of the liverUrineProminentBrush borderIntestinesBowman'sOrganizationHistopathologicalLiver and kidneyGlucoseMoleculesBloodAbundantlyOccursSignificantlyExaminationDiseasesContrastStomachMechanismsObservationsPrimaryTransportGrowth factorInitialActivityStructureSignificant
Epithelial7
  • It is found in membranes of intestinal epithelial cells, proximal kidney tubules and liver hepatocytes. (collie-online.com)
  • Moreover, the kidney showed degenerated tubular epithelial cells, congestion with excess of mononuclear cells, necrotic and desquamated epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules. (scirp.org)
  • Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced by stromal and mesenchymal cells, and it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis and angiogenesis in various organs via tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, Met. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • HGF was cloned as a growth factor for hepatocytes ( 1 , 2 ), is identical to scatter factor (SF) and was originally discovered as a fibroblast-derived cell motility factor for epithelial cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • HGF is produced and secreted by adjacent stromal and mesenchymal cells, it contributes to the development of epithelial organs in a paracrine fashion, exerts regenerative effects on epithelia in the liver, kidney, lung, and other tissues, and promotes the regression of fibrosis in numerous organs ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It includes primary human proximal tubule epithelial cells and renal microvascular endothelial cells in co-culture, allowing for cell-cell interactions found in vivo . (openwetware.org)
  • [2] The introduction of media flow through the chip leads to greater polarization, cell height, and cilia formation than kidney epithelial cells in other methods of culture. (openwetware.org)
Canalicular membrane of hepatocytes2
  • Similar systems reside in other critical tissue barriers such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the intestinal wall and the sinusoidal and canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. (bruker-webdev.de)
  • MATE transporters efflux organic cations in exchange with protons across the luminal membrane of renal proximal tubule cells and the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes, thereby enabling excretion of organic cations into urine and bile. (proteasepathway.com)
Cytoplasm5
  • and slight alterations in arrangement of tubules of loop of henle in the kidney of proximal convoluted tubules with granular cytoplasm were observed. (setpublisher.com)
  • Degenerative hepatopancreas, necrosis in hepatocytes, severe cytoplasmic vacuolation and disarrangement of hepatic cords in liver of O. niloticus were prominent seen under light microscopy in the laboratory condition, but in field condition elongated hepatocytes with increased nuclei and vacuolation in cytoplasm of hepatocytes were prominent, while TEM study showed degeneration in mitochondria, dilation in rough endoplasmic reticulum, damage in nucleus and appearance of cytoplasmic vacuolation in hepatocytes under laboratory condition. (omicsonline.org)
  • Hepatocytes with eosinophilic cytoplasm formed hepatic trabeculae arranged radially towards the central veins. (ezh2inhibitor.com)
  • Hepatocytes with eosinophilic cytoplasm formed hepatic trabeculae arranged radially towards therapy (hematoxylin and 3a) stainFigure 2. (ezh2inhibitor.com)
  • In the SEM imaging of the paraffin block sections of hepatocytes of the liver, the cell nuclei were determined, and also the grooves in the cytoplasm were thought to be vacuoles. (peertechzpublications.com)
Membrane4
  • A functional membrane and transportation system is necessary for the transport of toxins and bile in hepatocytes, and similarly in the proximal tubules for elimination at the level of the kidneys. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
  • OAT1 and 3 have 12 predicted transmembrane domains and are primarily expressed in the basolateral (blood-side) membrane of proximal tubule cells in the kidney, with highest levels in the middle segment, and are considered as kidney-specific transporters in humans [1, 2]. (solvobiotech.com)
  • Reabsorption of glucose predominantly occurs on the brush border membrane of the convoluted segment of the proximal tubule. (medscape.com)
  • This is made possible by the biliary system, the smallest branches of which start as plasma membrane-bounded canaliculi between two hepatocytes. (helmberg.at)
Tubular cells2
  • OAT1 and 3 are predominantly renal anion-exchanging antiporters responsible for the uptake of substrates from the blood into renal proximal tubular cells. (solvobiotech.com)
  • Glucose enters at the luminal side of the proximal tubular cells by an active carrier-mediated transport process that requires energy provided by the sodium gradient between the intra- and extracellular compartments generated by sodium-potassium ATPase. (medscape.com)
Original magnification2
  • Note the intensively stained vacuoles in the hepatocytes (periodic acid-Schiff, original magnification X 27). (medscape.com)
  • Note the regular reticular net and hepatocytes vacuolization (Gordon-Sweet stain, original magnification X 25). (medscape.com)
Necrosis2
  • Increases in serum and urinary GST-A1 have been found in association with hepatocyte and renal proximal tubular necrosis respectively, and have potential for monitoring injury to these tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • This results in cessation of liver function, hepatocyte necrosis and in most cases, death of the patient after 48 to 72 hours. (helmberg.at)
Intestine3
  • Secondary active transport occurs in the intestine and the kidney tubules (predominantly proximal tubule) and is mediated by members of the SGLT transporter family. (medscape.com)
  • Following meals , large amounts of glucose are taken up by the small intestine , and gluconeogenesis is therefore inhibited: in hepatocytes, insulin causes phosphorylation and breakdown of the transcription factor Foxo1. (helmberg.at)
  • Part of the glucose absorbed in the intestine is transported into the hepatocytes with the help of the insulin-independent transporter GLUT2 (KM 15-20 mM). (helmberg.at)
Tissues4
  • Histologic appearance of lesions in tissues from chickens experimentally infected with a novel orthobunyavirus (Kedah fatal kidney syndrome virus) isolated from broiler chickens with severe kidney disease, Malaysia, 2014-2017. (cdc.gov)
  • The order of decreased NADHTR activity for tissues was hepatocytes, parietal cells, kidney tubules, dorsal root ganglion, cerebellum and axons. (cdc.gov)
  • In kidney, degenerative changes in PCT and DCT, shrinkage of glomerulus, vacuolation in the haematopoietic tissues and excess fat deposition were notable changes. (omicsonline.org)
  • The histopathological structures of mouse kidney Cathepsin L site tissues soon after TP-315 therapy (hematoxylin and eosin staining(H E) 100). (ezh2inhibitor.com)
Predominantly2
  • mIBG is predominantly eliminated unchanged by the kidney. (aspetjournals.org)
  • OAT1 and 3 are multispecific exchangers or antiporters that transport predominantly anionic substrates against a concentration gradient from the blood into proximal tubule cells for subsequent elimination into the urine. (solvobiotech.com)
Membranes3
  • While protocols can vary, for successful and comprehensive detoxification one must focus on supporting all of these critical things: the glutathione system, the phases of cellular detoxification, proper function of cellular membranes, and healthy elimination by the liver, kidneys, and intestines. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
  • At the four-week timepoint, electron microscopy analysis demonstrated an increased number of mitochondria with a concomitant pinching-off of hepatocyte plasma membranes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Other conditions resulting in oligohydramnios, such as obstructive uropathy, cystic kidney diseases, renal hypoplasia, and premature rupture of membranes lead to the same clinical findings. (medscape.com)
Transporters4
  • Uptake of FQs from the blood into kidney proximal tubule cells is mainly regulated by organic cation transporters and organic anion transporters, whereas FQ clearance from kidneys to urine is mediated by multidrug and toxin extrusion transporters, organic cation/zwitterion transporters and ABC transporters such as P-glycoprotein or multi-drug resistance-associated proteins ( 2 ). (bruker-webdev.de)
  • OAT1 and 3 are among the several important drug transporters in kidney proximal tubules that maintain systemic levels of endogenous substrates (e.g. uric acid), and facilitate the active renal secretion of drugs into the urine. (solvobiotech.com)
  • The glucose transporters expressed in the renal proximal tubule ensure that less than 0.5 g/day (range 0.03-0.3 g/d) is excreted in the urine of healthy adults. (medscape.com)
  • Consequently the affinity of the transporters for glucose along the tubule increases to allow for complete reabsorption of glucose from the urine. (medscape.com)
Renal tubular1
  • Renal glucosuria is the excretion of glucose in the urine in detectable amounts at normal blood glucose concentrations in the absence of any signs of generalized proximal renal tubular dysfunction. (medscape.com)
Stellate1
  • The stellate lumen from the tubules was obscured by the brush border (Figure 2a). (ezh2inhibitor.com)
Distal3
  • The second convoluted distal tubules were characterized by a common round or oval lumen. (ezh2inhibitor.com)
  • Photomicrograph in the second convoluted distal tubules (b).The microscopic picture from the liver as a standard organ without having pathological alterations (a) (b) was similar within the experimental and control groups. (ezh2inhibitor.com)
  • In the initial proximal tubule, only SGLT-2 and GLUT-2 are expressed, whilst SGLT-1 and GLUT-1 are expressed in the distal part of the tubule. (medscape.com)
Bone marrow2
  • Drug will not bring about extreme unwanted effects or toxic effects on internal organs such as the kidneys, liver, or bone marrow. (ezh2inhibitor.com)
  • The first models included chips that replicated the function of the liver, gut, kidney and bone marrow. (openwetware.org)
Parenchyma2
Degeneration4
  • A) Kidney, showing urate deposits in the dilated Bowman's capsule (arrows) and degeneration and dilatation of proximal convoluted tubules. (cdc.gov)
  • B) Liver, showing vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes and disorganization of lobular structure. (cdc.gov)
  • In LM imagining, it was detected that hydropic degeneration and vacuole formations in the liver hepatocytes of fish, as well as hyperplasia in bile ducts. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Glomerular atrophy/hypertrophy was moderately detected in the kidneys and hydropic degeneration of tubular epithelium was more severe. (peertechzpublications.com)
Cells4
  • In kidney proximal tubule cells, transport processes are mediated two large families of transmembrane transporter proteins, the solute carrier family and the adenosine-triphosphate binding cassette (ABC) transporter family. (bruker-webdev.de)
  • Evaluation of EGFP immunolabeling in kidney sections from these mice revealed a similar discontinuous distribution, with some cells showing high levels of anti Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries EGFP immuno fluorescence while adjacent cells had only weak fluores cence. (microrna21.com)
  • The exchange of huge amounts of molecules between hepatocytes and blood is facilitated by fenestration of the endothelial cells lining wide sinusoids, allowing plasma to enter the perisinusoidal space, also known as space of Disse. (helmberg.at)
  • Salmonid and other fish species have morphologically and histologically all structural elements (liver cells-hepatocytes, blood vessels, and biliary tract) in their liver [6]. (peertechzpublications.com)
Gluconeogenesis1
  • Gluconeogenesis in the kidneys exceeds renal glucose consumption. (medscape.com)
Function of the liver1
  • 8,9 Many herbs which we use as bitters such as dandelion, burdock, goldenrod, and milk thistle actually also increase glutathione, or levels of glutathione-S-transferase, while simultaneously supporting function of the liver, kidneys, and intestines. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
Urine3
  • They are eliminated via the kidneys, leading to high concentration levels in kidney tissue and urine. (bruker-webdev.de)
  • More water than glucose is reabsorbed resulting in a decrease in the glucose concentration in the urine along the tubule. (medscape.com)
  • As the rate of glucose entering the nephron rises above 260-350mg/1.73m 2 /min (14.5-19.5mmol/1.73m 2 /min), the excess glucose exceeds the reabsorptive capacity of proximal tubule and is excreted in the urine (i.e. glucosuria). (medscape.com)
Prominent2
  • Transmission electron microscopic study of gill showed severe damages which included degenerative changes in mitochondria, cellular vacuolation, damage in tubule vascular system, presence of lipid droplets, elongated nucleus, but in case of field experiment dilated mitochondria and cytoplasmic vacuolation were more prominent. (omicsonline.org)
  • In kidneys from wildtype mice, all proximal tubules displayed prominent and relatively uniform brush border immunolabeling with anti cubilin IgG. (microrna21.com)
Brush border1
  • By contrast, the kidneys of Cubn del exon 1 6.EGFP mice showed strong immunolabeling in the brush border regions of only a subset of proximal tubules. (microrna21.com)
Intestines1
  • The liver is the largest organ of the human body weighing approximately 1500 g, and is located in the upper right corner of the abdomen on top of the stomach, right kidney and intestines and beneath the diaphragm. (projecttopics.com)
Bowman's1
  • In SEM imagining of different thickness paraffin sections, cartilage and secondary lamellar structure in the gills, glomerulus, and Bowman's capsule structure in the kidneys, and the structure of the pyloric cecum was observed. (peertechzpublications.com)
Organization1
  • Bgatova N., Taskaeva I., Makarova V. Influence of distant tumor growth and lithium treatment on ultrastructural organization of kidney proximal tubules . (niikel.ru)
Histopathological2
  • Histopathological Examination So as to check no matter whether TP-315 induces nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic effects soon after longterm remedy, a histopathological examination of your kidneys and liver were performed. (ezh2inhibitor.com)
  • The current study aimed to highlight histopathological findings in paraffin block sections of the liver, gill kidney, and pyloric cecum of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) by different imagining devices such as Scanning Electron (SEM) and Light Microscope (LM). (peertechzpublications.com)
Liver and kidney2
  • Cytopathological study both through light and electron microscopic ( scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) observations were based on gill, liver and kidney. (omicsonline.org)
  • activation requires enzymatic conversion ( hydroxylation ) in the liver and kidney. (all-in-one-nutrition.com)
Glucose3
  • The kidneys play an important role in glucose homeostasis. (medscape.com)
  • Under normal circumstances, the kidney filters and reabsorbs 100% of glucose, approximately 180 g (1 mole) of glucose, each day. (medscape.com)
  • The kidneys produce between 2.0-2.5umol of glucose/kg/min thereby contributing about 20-25% of circulating glucose. (medscape.com)
Molecules1
  • Filtration and selective transport of molecules represents a key function of the normal kidney. (lu.se)
Blood3
  • 10,11] Part of the calcidiol is converted by the kidneys to calcitriol, the biologically active form of vitamin D.[12] Calcitriol circulates as a hormone in the blood, regulating the concentration of calcium and phosphate in the bloodstream and promoting the healthy growth and remodeling of bone. (truthwiki.org)
  • Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to the pathophysiological processes of many diseases, such as tumors, nervous system diseases, ischemia-reperfusion injury, kidney injury, and blood diseases. (nature.com)
  • In this slow-flow compartment, blood plasma comes into direct contact with the hepatocytes' microvilli, which are packed with transport proteins. (helmberg.at)
Abundantly1
  • The alpha class genes, located in a cluster mapped to chromosome 6, are the most abundantly expressed glutathione S-transferases in liver (hepatocytes) and kidney (proximal tubules). (wikipedia.org)
Occurs1
  • The endoplasmic reticulum is a single membraned organelle that occurs as labyrinthine, interconnected flattened sacs (in the case of the rough endoplasmic reticulum) or tubules (in the case of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum) with multiple functions. (biologyonline.com)
Significantly1
  • The NADHTR activity was not significantly decreased by AA in the stomach, kidney or liver. (cdc.gov)
Examination1
  • These animals were killed 1 hour later and the swollen nerve proximal to the ligation was prepared for examination. (cdc.gov)
Diseases1
  • Ferroptosis plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of many diseases, such as tumors, neurological diseases, acute kidney injury, ischemia/reperfusion, etc. (nature.com)
Contrast1
  • Excretory organs such as kidneys and liver can be visualized clearly without additional contrast agents. (bruker-webdev.de)
Stomach1
  • One hour after injection dorsal root ganglion, cerebellar vermis, kidney, liver and stomach were dissected, frozen and sectioned. (cdc.gov)
Mechanisms1
  • SGLT2 Inhibition in the Diabetic Kidney-From Mechanisms to Clinical Outcome. (org.ua)
Observations1
  • Similar observations were made in the kidneys of female Cubn mice. (microrna21.com)
Primary2
  • In Q3 of 2023, Novabiosis will also offer animal primary hepatocytes, including dog, primate, and a variety of rodent strains. (novabiosis.com)
  • Cadmium supplement triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress response and cytotoxicity in primary chicken hepatocytes. (setpublisher.com)
Transport1
  • Cette protéine de transport est présente en grande quantité dans les intestins, la barrière hématoméningée, les voies biliaires, les tubules rénaux, etc. (collie-online.com)
Growth factor2
  • Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A few reports have suggested that induction of resistance against anoikis is also derived from ac tivation of the PI3Kinase signaling and extracellular signaling receptor kinase via various proteins involving TrkB, its ligand brain derived neurotrophic factor, and hepatocyte growth factor. (microrna21.com)
Initial1
  • The initial convoluted proximal tubules lined by a single-layered cuboidal epithelium were arranged on a regular basis. (ezh2inhibitor.com)
Activity2
  • For example, some proteins activate transcription by recruiting RNA polymerase, some repress transcription by suppressing this recruitment, and others insulate proximal regions from the activity of nearby transcriptional activators or repressors. (ucsc.edu)
  • Dossymbekova R., Bgatova N., Tungushbaeva Z., Sharipov K., Tanyeva G., Kydyrbaeva A., Solovieva A. Effect of lithium carbonate on autophagy and proliferative activity of isolated hepatocytes . (niikel.ru)
Structure1
  • There have been no differences within the microscopic structure of kidneys from the control and experimental groups. (ezh2inhibitor.com)
Significant1