Hepatocytes hepatic cells apoptosis of human hepatic stellate hepatic stellate cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

showed attenuated profibrotic response and hepatocyte apoptosis, Vistusertib manufacturer whereas hepatocyte proliferation was elevated in SRC-3(-/-) mice versus SRC-3(+/+) mice. (a-inhibitor.com)
Here, we report that Am580, a water-soluble RAR alpha-specific agonist, attenuated proteinuria, glomerosclerosis, and podocyte proliferation, SN-38 cell line and restored podocyte differentiation markers in kidneys of Tg26 mice. (a-inhibitor.com)
Cytokines involved in type 2 inflammation, such as IL-4, may also stimulate Kupffer cell proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
The expression of the RAS components, cell proliferation, apoptosis, hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and liver endothelial cell densities, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were quantified. (edu.au)
Captopril also enhanced early liver regeneration and this was associated with an increase in hepatocyte proliferation at 6 hours after PH as well as an increase in HSC density and MMP-9 levels 2 days after PH. (edu.au)
The decrease in hepatocyte proliferation at day 2 was transient. (edu.au)
The ability of captopril to increase human hepatocyte proliferation was confirmed in vitro. (edu.au)
Human aHSCs had been inactivated in vitro by stimulation having a cocktail containing growth things, palmitic acid, and retinol, as a result major for the downregulated expression of SMA and variety 1 collagen, too because the reduction of proliferation and matrix metalloproteinase activity [129]. (calcium-channel.com)
Burganova G. Liver cells proliferation and apoptosis in patients with alcoholic liver disease after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / G. Burganova, S. Abdulkhakov, I. Gazizov, A. Gumerova, M. Titiova, A. Odintcova, A. Kiassov // BioNanoScience. (kpfu.ru)
Burganova G.R. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell transplantation stimulates hepatocytes proliferation in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis / G.R. Burganova, S.R. Abdulkhakov, I. M. Gazizov, A. A. Gumerova, M.A. Titova, R. Deev, A. P. Kiyasov // UEG Journal: Abstract Issue. (kpfu.ru)
The proliferation ability and differentiation potential of these cells were suppressed by TGF- β 1, while EGF resumed these capacities to the level similar to the control cells. (hindawi.com)
Only under certain pathophysiology conditions, when the proliferation capacity of mature hepatocytes is compromised, are quiescent hepatic stem cells activated and changed into hepatic progenitors to assist in liver restoration [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
As we know, epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an endogenous cell proliferation cytokine, which played a central role in regulating hepatocyte growth and liver regeneration [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, the aim of the present study is to determine the progenitor cell marker expression, proliferation capacity, and differentiation potential of hepatic progenitors in TGF- β 1-induced EMT transition and EGF-induced reversion. (hindawi.com)
It has been shown that inflammation caused by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) contributes to the occurrence and development of AS [ 1 ], which can promote vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration, proliferation, and transformation from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype [ 2 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Activation of M3 AChR plays an important role in cholangiocyte and HPC proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and liver regeneration [ 1 ]. (e-cmh.org)
Furthermore, IL-6 promotes hepatic FoxM1 activation that stimulates hepatocyte proliferation through signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 [ 8 ]. (e-cmh.org)
Apart from indirect immune-modulatory and anti-angiogenic … mune-modulatory and anti-angiogenic effects, they have direct impact on cell proliferation. (lisym.org)

The main purpose of this study was to explore the interactions between hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and E. multilocularis protoscoleces (PSCs). (biomedcentral.com)
We investigated the role of Echinococcus multilocularis (Echinococcus genus) PSCs in hepatic fibrosis by examining structural changes and measuring hepatic fibrosis-related protein levels in cocultures of PSCs and human HSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are the major cells responsible for the formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins during cirrhosis, are found in the space of Disse and act as a major storage site for vitamin A [ 14 , 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hepatic parasitic fibrosis caused by E. multilocularis PSCs is a host response associated with immune cell infiltration which activates the differentiation of HSCs into fibroblasts [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These cytokines induce caspase-3 activation as an effector caspase that activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and cause fibrogenesis [ 11 ]. (bsmiab.org)
These recent studies showed that curcumin inhibited HSCs activation, and suppressed hepatic fibrogenesis in vitro and in vivo ( 6 , 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The results showed that YQRG effectively alleviated CCl 4 -induced liver injury and fibrosis in rats, including observations of improved liver function, decreased activity of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and decreased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. (biomedcentral.com)
The neural plexuses in the liver closely interact with liver sinusoidal cells, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), Kupffer cells (KCs), and hepatic progenitor cells (HPC). (e-cmh.org)

CCN1 also induced Jag1 expression in hepatic stellate cells, whereupon they interacted with hepatic progenitor cells to promote their differentiation into cholangiocytes. (jci.org)
A farnesoid X receptor-small heterodimer partner regulatory cascade modulates tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 and matrix metalloprotease expression in hepatic stellate cells and promotes resolution of liver fibrosis: S. Fiorucci, et al. (adipogen.com)

Kupffer cells, also known as stellate macrophages and Kupffer-Browicz cells, are specialized cells localized in the liver within the lumen of the liver sinusoids and are adhesive to their endothelial cells which make up the blood vessel walls. (wikipedia.org)
Kupffer cells comprise the largest population of tissue-resident macrophages in the body. (wikipedia.org)
Gut bacteria, bacterial endotoxins, and microbial debris transported to the liver from the gastrointestinal tract via the portal vein will first come in contact with Kupffer cells, the first immune cells in the liver. (wikipedia.org)
It is because of this that any change to Kupffer cell functions can be connected to various liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, intrahepatic cholestasis, steatohepatitis, activation or rejection of the liver during liver transplantation and liver fibrosis. (wikipedia.org)
Kupffer cells can be found attached to sinusoidal endothelial cells in both the centrilobular and periportal regions of the hepatic lobules. (wikipedia.org)
Kupffer cell function and structures are specialized depending on their location. (wikipedia.org)
Periportal Kupffer cells tend to be larger and have more lysosomal enzyme and phagocytic activity, whereas centrilobular Kupffer cells create more superoxide radical. (wikipedia.org)
Kupffer cells are amoeboid in character, with surface features including microvilli, pseudopodia and lamellipodia, which project in every direction. (wikipedia.org)
Kupffer cells also contain rough endoplasmic reticulum, a nuclear envelope, and annulate lamellae, all of which demonstrate peroxidase activity. (wikipedia.org)
Importantly, Kupffer cells express the SR-AI/II scavenger receptor. (wikipedia.org)
Because of this detection system, Kupffer cells play a critical role in initiating and mediating immune responses to bacterial infection of the liver. (wikipedia.org)
Development of an initial population of Kupffer cells begins in the embryonic yolk sac where precursor cells differentiate into fetal macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
There they complete their differentiation into Kupffer cells. (wikipedia.org)
Under normal conditions, these Kupffer cell populations are long-lived and self-renewing. (wikipedia.org)
However, if resident Kupffer cell populations are depleted, monocytes derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow and transported through blood circulation to the liver can also fully differentiate into true Kupffer cells. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike other tissue macrophages, which must be continually renewed by circulating monocytes, these monocyte-derived Kupffer cells are capable of self-renewal once a population is established. (wikipedia.org)
Development of mature Kupffer cells is regulated by numerous growth factors, with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) playing a key role. (wikipedia.org)
A time frame of 14 to 21 days for complete replenishment of Kupffer cell populations has been demonstrated in animal studies. (wikipedia.org)
Despite high monocyte influx and maturation rates, hepatic Kupffer cell populations are tightly maintained. (wikipedia.org)
Evidently, there is a high rate of turnover, with the average lifespan of a Kupffer cell estimated at 3.8 days. (wikipedia.org)
However, the ultimate fate of Kupffer cells in vivo is not yet fully understood. (wikipedia.org)
The primary function of the Kupffer cell is to remove foreign debris and particles that have come from the hepatic portal system when passing through the liver. (wikipedia.org)
It is possible for the Kupffer cells to take in large particles by phagocytosis and smaller particles via pinocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
Kupffer cells are integral in the innate responses of the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
The amount of Kupffer cells in the liver is held constant. (wikipedia.org)
Kupffer cells have a proliferative capacity, allowing for cell populations to replenish themselves: this is in complete contrast to monocyte-derived macrophages that have no proliferative potential. (wikipedia.org)
Old or defective cells are removed through apoptosis, as well as through being phagocytized by neighbouring Kupffer cells. (wikipedia.org)
Kupffer cells are heterogeneous in their function, dependent on their location in the liver lobules. (wikipedia.org)
Microbial sensing by toll-like receptors (TLR) on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) results in a CXCL9 chemokine gradient that attracts Kupffer cells closer to the periportal region to ensure immune surveillance and host defense from invading pathogens arriving through the portal vein circulation. (encyclopedia.pub)
The generation of reactive oxygen species from Kupffer cells and myofibroblasts promotes the apoptosis of hepatocytes, the release of apoptotic bodies, and the activation of hepatic stellate cells. (threco.com)
In addition to activated stellate cells and Kupffer cells, hepatocytes are also responsible for TIMP-1 production during liver injury via a STAT3-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we provided genetic evidence that mice lacking steroid receptor co-activator-3 (SRC-3) were protected against carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))induced acute liver necrosis and chronic hepatic fibrosis. (a-inhibitor.com)
The process of hepatic fibrogenesis is affected by the presence of oxidative stress that increases proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interferon, and interleukin (IL). (bsmiab.org)
Knock-in mice expressing a CCN1 mutant that is unable to bind α v β 5 /α v β 3 were impaired in ductular reaction, leading to massive hepatic necrosis and mortality after bile duct ligation (BDL), whereas treatment of these mice with soluble JAG1 rescued ductular reaction and reduced hepatic necrosis and mortality. (jci.org)
Silymarin protects against its toxic principle α-amanitin by preventing its uptake through hepatocyte membranes and inhibiting the effects of tumour necrosis factor-α, which exacerbates lipid peroxidation. (springer.com)
The initial cause of the injury determines the loss of hepatocytes including apoptosis and necrosis followed by inflammatory response [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This syndrome is characterized by steatosis in hepatocytes and elevated serum levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

During TGF- β 1-induced transition and EGF-induced reversion, hepatic oval cells sustained their progenitor cell marker expression, including α -fetoprotein, albumin, and cytokeratin-19. (hindawi.com)
And chronic and constant TGF- β exposure to rat liver progenitor-like cell line, WB-F344, makes them obtain tumor initiating properties [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Our previous results show that EGF is a specific cytokine which could suppress TGF- β 1-induced EMT initiation and drives mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) in the cells that have experienced EMT [ 13 ], revealing the plasticity of progenitor cells. (hindawi.com)
Hepatic progenitors obtain the myofibroblast phenotype after EMT and lose this phenotype after MET, yet the variation of progenitor cell characteristics is still not clear during the EMT/MET process. (hindawi.com)
Single-cell transcriptomics of LepR-positive skeletal cells reveals heterogeneous stress-dependent stem and progenitor pools. (nih.gov)

Human mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy can help liver regeneration directly, through hepatogenic differentiation, or indirectly through the paracrine secretome. (bsmiab.org)
However, studies have found that UDCA can inhibit DNA repair mediated by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, thereby interfering with the effectiveness of regeneration of the damaged cells. (bsmiab.org)
Human mesenchymal stem cells (HuMSC) have low immunogenicity, self-renewal, and are easy to obtain, making it a promising therapy for liver regeneration [ 4 ]. (bsmiab.org)
Secretome is a soluble molecule and exosome produced by HuMSC, which can support hepatic epithelial regeneration through hepatogenic differentiation. (bsmiab.org)
Zakirova E. Use of the active 3D matrix in combination with gene and cell therapy to stimulate skin regeneration (P260) / M Zhuravleva E Garanina A Salmakova A P Kiassov A A Rizvanov // ESGCT XXV Anniversary Congress in Collaboration with the German Society for Gene Therapy October 17-20, 2017 Berlin, Germany. (kpfu.ru)
Patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis may benefit over the short term from specific therapies directed toward reducing liver injury, enhancing hepatic regeneration, and suppressing inflammation. (medscape.com)
Conversely, vagal nerve signals promote liver regeneration by inhibiting apoptosis and exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects [ 2 ]. (e-cmh.org)
The progression of liver disease can be defined as an alteration of hepatic parenchyma characterized by two major events: injury and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)

There is growing interest in the impact of co-activators on hepatic fibrogenesis. (a-inhibitor.com)
Our results established an essential involvement of SRC-3 in liver fibrogenesis, which might provide new clues to the future treatment of hepatic fibrosis. (a-inhibitor.com)
Suppression of caspase-3 is known to have protective and anti-apoptotic effects on liver cells and reduces collagen deposition, ultimately leads to inhibition of fibrogenesis [ 12 ]. (bsmiab.org)
Hepatic progenitors are responsive to many growth and differentiation factors [ 5 ], and the behavior of hepatic progenitors, either regenerating the liver or promoting fibrogenesis, is regulated and determined by the microenvironment in the injured liver [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

The farnesoid X receptor promotes adipocyte differentiation and regulates adipose cell function in vivo: G. Rizzo, et al. (adipogen.com)

Profibrogenesis cytokine, transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β 1, induces hepatic progenitors experiencing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) to matrix synthesis cells, even tumor initiating cells. (hindawi.com)
Although hepatic progenitors, also called hepatic oval cells in rat, are less sensitive to TGF- β 1 than mature hepatocytes [ 7 ], TGF- β 1 could cause hepatic progenitors obtaining myofibroblast cells phenotype and expressing collagen I through epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies diverse roles of epithelial cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. (nature.com)

Thus, this study aims to determine the effect of Human mesenchymal stem cell secretome (HuMSC-S) administration on caspase 3 levels and apoptotic hepatic cells in a rat model with cholestasis after choledochal duct ligation receiving urso deoxy cholic acid (UDCA). (bsmiab.org)
In conclusion, addition of HuMSC-S to UDCA lowered caspase-3 levels and apoptotic cell count in rats with hepatic cholestasis after choledochal duct ligation. (bsmiab.org)
They are also useful in removing apoptotic cells from circulation. (wikipedia.org)
Compared with wild-type mice, TIMP-1 knockout mice were more susceptible to CCl 4 -induced acute and chronic liver injury, as shown by higher levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), greater number of apoptotic hepatocytes, and more extended necroinflammatory foci. (biomedcentral.com)

Other much rarer genetic disorders can cause hepatic iron overload, but the clinical picture is usually dominated by symptoms and signs due to failure of other organs (eg, anemia in hypotransferrinemia or atransferrinemia, or neurologic defects in aceruloplasminemia). (msdmanuals.com)

Moreover, we identified downregulated and upregulated DEGs in the model group relative to the control and YQRG-treated groups, with GO analysis revealing their enrichment in biological processes, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), apoptosis, and autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)

Curcumin also exerts potential anti-inflammatory effects in diverse cell types, including pancreatic cells, chondrocytes, and hepatic cells ( 9 , 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Although liver failure can be treated via hepatocyte transplantation, it also faces multiple problems comprising the shortage of high-quality hepatocytes sources, rejection of allogeneic transplants, difficulty to expand, and losing hepatic characteristics in vitro [ 7 , 8 ]. (springer.com)
Previous studies have proven that rodent and human MSCs can differentiate into HLCs in vitro and in vivo , which is one of the mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of liver failure. (springer.com)
Extracellular vesicles derived from healthful primary murine hepatocytes or AML12 (alpha mouse liver) cells induced the downregulation of Acta2, Ccn2, and Col1a1 expression in aHSCs in vitro [139]. (calcium-channel.com)
In vitro treatment with TIMP-1 inhibited cycloheximide-induced cell death of primary mouse hepatocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
In vitro treatment with interleukin-6 stimulated TIMP-1 production in primary mouse hepatocytes, but to a lesser extent in STAT3-deficient hepatocytes. (biomedcentral.com)

Similarly, chronically CCl(4)-treated SRC-3(-/-) mice showed significant weakening of inflammatory infiltrates, hepatic stellate cell activation and collagen accumulation in the liver compared with SRC-3(+/+) mice. (a-inhibitor.com)
These data revealed that SRC-3(-/-) mice were resistant to CCl(4)-induced acute and chronic hepatic damage and TGF beta 1/Smad signaling was suppressed in the lack of SRC-3. (a-inhibitor.com)
For instance, C57BL/6J mice are resistant to hepatic, renal and cardiac fibrosis but susceptible to pulmonary and intestinal fibrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
However, BALB/c mice are resistant to pulmonary fibrosis but susceptible to hepatic fibrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Mice provide a suitable model for the study of human genetics because more than 95% of the genome is identical. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, up-regulation of TIMP-1 in the liver and serum after chronic CCl 4 treatment was markedly diminished in hepatocyte-specific signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) knockout mice. (biomedcentral.com)

Likewise, extracellular vesicles from healthier human subjects decreased human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 activation [140]. (calcium-channel.com)
It has been shown that mouse experimental liver fibrosis [ 11 , 12 ] and hepatic stellate cell activation could be alleviated by heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)

Structural changes were detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and levels of the hepatic fibrosis-related proteins collagen I (Col-I), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and osteopontin (OPN) were measured by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (biomedcentral.com)
and (iv) as inhibitors of the transformation of stellate hepatocytes into myofibroblasts, the process responsible for the deposition of collagen fibres leading to cirrhosis. (springer.com)
Collagen-producing lung cell atlas identifies multiple subsets with distinct localization and relevance to fibrosis. (nature.com)
The profibrogenic effects of TIMP-1 are thought to be mediated via preventing collagen degradation through inhibition of MMPs and protecting against activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) death [ 17 - 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In fact, several studies have shown that T2D induces senescence in multiple types of cells, including fibroblasts and endothelial cells ( 11 , 12 ). (frontiersin.org)

Inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell inflammation and migration [5]. (adipogen.com)
Farnesoid X receptor ligands inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell inflammation and migration: Y.T. Li, et al. (adipogen.com)
Translocation of microbial- and danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs and DAMPs) from the gut to the liver elicits profound chronic inflammation, leading to severe hepatic injury and eventually HCC progression. (encyclopedia.pub)
BMP7 aberrantly induced in the psoriatic epidermis instructs inflammation-associated Langerhans cells. (tugraz.at)
Over lifetime, due to the action of several stressors such as DNA damage and telomere shortening, senescent cells accumulate in the organism and release a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines responsible for low-grade inflammation. (frontiersin.org)

The pharmacological stimulation of nitric oxide production in rats with thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis restored the differentiated LSEC phenotype, which subsequently led towards the apoptosis and inactivation of aHSCs [133]. (calcium-channel.com)
Hepatic oval cells, rat hepatic progenitors, were isolated from rats fed a choline-deficient diet supplemented with ethionine. (hindawi.com)
Hepatic fibrosis in rats was induced by the intra-peritoneal injection of NDEA (10 mlkg −1 b.wt. (nature.com)

Several messengers, including dietary metabolites, bile acids, antimicrobial peptides and microbial associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), are exchanged and required for intestinal and hepatic homeostasis, as well as host physiology in general. (encyclopedia.pub)

ECM organization and retinol metabolism were partly restored to levels exhibited by qHSCs, and 70 of cells accumulated cytoplasmatic lipid droplets, underlining a switch in phenotype [129]. (calcium-channel.com)
extracellular vesicles can alter the phenotype of their recipient cells and could prove a novel method to NASH remedy [137]. (calcium-channel.com)

In addition, curcumin contributed to cell survival, as indicated by the restoration of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the inhibition of the mitochondrial biogenesis induced by HFFA. (spandidos-publications.com)

Therefore, parasympathetic signaling may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with liver injury, hepatitis, and hepatic tumors. (e-cmh.org)
Hepatic expression of TIMP-1 mRNA and protein was up-regulated both in acute and chronic liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Consequently, the loss of tissues or liver injury leads viable hepatocytes to re-enter the cell cycle and divide by mitosis, to replace the lost or damaged hepatocytes [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Curcumin treatment inhibited the lipoapoptosis, ROS production and ATP depletion elicited by HFFA in primary hepatocytes. (spandidos-publications.com)

AE can cause damage to several organs, primarily the liver, and have severe outcomes, such as hepatic failure and encephalopathy. (biomedcentral.com)

These facts propose that it is difficult for hepatic progenitors to regenerate the liver in microenvironment of severe liver fibrosis except control and clearance of the underlying causative etiology. (hindawi.com)
Spatially restricted drivers and transitional cell populations cooperate with the microenvironment in untreated and chemo-resistant pancreatic cancer. (nih.gov)
This microenvironment alteration responsible for hepatocyte damage and ECM remodeling is highly complex and its mechanisms are not fully understood. (biomedcentral.com)

Recombinant viruses propagated in Vero cells acquired mutations that mainly affected components of the viral polymerase, while recombinant viruses propagated in MDBK cells acquired mutations that mainly affected the viral M protein. (a-inhibitor.com)
Vero-propagated viruses caused elevated viral protein synthesis and spread rapidly through infected monolayers by direct cell-cell fusion, bypassing the need to bud infectious virions. (a-inhibitor.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a mitogen-inducible monokine and is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. (cancerindex.org)
Together with acinar cell death releasing damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as histones, high-mobility group box1 protein (HMGB1) and ATP (60), this initiates an acute, sterile (43) inflammatory response, in a manner that shares similarities with the molecular/signaling events observed in sepsis (113). (pancreapedia.org)

In this discussion of antioxidant molecules, it is also important to include melatonin, which exerts multiple protective effects in hepatic ischemia and reperfusion (33-36). (ectrx.org)
In contrast to the SNS, vagal signaling exerts protective effects on hepatic damage ( Table 1 ). (e-cmh.org)

Its building blocks are the hepatic lobules organized around central veins and portal triads, consisting of a portal vein, a hepatic artery and a bile duct. (encyclopedia.pub)
The portal vein delivers 80% of the total liver blood supply, while the remaining 20%, i.e., the oxygenated blood, flows through the hepatic artery. (encyclopedia.pub)
The anterior plexus forms a sheath around the hepatic artery and enters the liver via the hepatic artery. (e-cmh.org)

Mesenchymal stem and stromal cells (MSCs), defined as fibroblast-like non-hematopoietic cells, have been discovered in various organs and named after their site of origin. (biomedcentral.com)

Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have shown therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis. (biomedcentral.com)

The aims of this article are to review the current knowledge regarding therapeutic mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells in acute liver failure, to discuss recent advancements in preclinical and clinical studies in the treatment of mesenchymal stem cells, and to summarize the methodological improvement of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in treating liver failure. (springer.com)
Therefore, MSCs may help resolve issues restricting the application of hepatocyte transplantation. (springer.com)

Cholestasis is a clinical syndrome caused by reduced bile secretion from liver cells, impaired bile secretion at the cholangiocyte level, obstruction of bile flow by stones (cholelithiasis), or tumor masses. (bsmiab.org)

CCl 4 showed an increase of serum renal and hepatic markers creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and uric acid, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). (biomedcentral.com)

Pancreatic acinar cell injury triggers the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (32, 36, 39, 41, 82). (pancreapedia.org)
Another mechanism whereby injured pancreatic acinar cells trigger the inflammatory response is through synthesis and release of cytokines (36) and chemokines (11), and upregulation of adhesion molecules such as the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (136), which together promote neutrophil and monocyte infiltration (27, 71) and exacerbate tissue injury (10, 27, 37). (pancreapedia.org)

The number of hepatic progenitors is correlated with the degree of chronic hepatitis and the stage of liver fibrosis [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
The present invention provides a simple and robust human liver cell-based system in which persistent hepatitis C infection, persistent hepatitis B infection or ethanol exposure induces a clinical Prognostic Liver Signature (PLS) high-risk gene signature. (sumobrain.com)

The hepatocytes, endothelial and immune cells of the liver are aligned along this vasculature, and their spatial distribution along the liver zonation dictates their phenotypes and functions. (encyclopedia.pub)
Myeloid immune cells, specifically tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), may represent potential novel therapeutic targets in HCC, complementing current ablative or immune therapies. (cancerindex.org)

The results of this study provide an experimental basis for further examination of the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis due to AE infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the interactions between the parasite and humans and the pathogenesis of AE is necessary to develop treatments for echinococcosis-induced liver damage. (biomedcentral.com)
Although the mechanisms responsible for fatty liver are not fully elucidated, an increased delivery and transport of FFAs into the liver, and augmented hepatic fatty acid synthesis are likely to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. (spandidos-publications.com)

These animals also displayed a significant FHPI mw increase in the mean number of PNMT-ir cells/brain stem section in the C2 area. (a-inhibitor.com)
The secretome was also found to inhibit cell apoptosis [ 6 ], suggesting that adipose-derived stem cell secretome (ADSC-S) can reduce liver cell apoptosis within 1-3 days after surgery. (bsmiab.org)
Because of this, we aimed to study the effect of human mesenchymal stem cell secretome (HuMSC-S) administration on caspase 3 levels and apoptosis of hepatocytes in a rat model with cholestasis after choledochal duct ligation receiving standard UDCA therapy. (bsmiab.org)
In recent years, a growing number of studies have shown that stem cells can effectively treat acute liver failure. (springer.com)
mesenchymal stem cells are most commonly used because they are easy to obtain and present no ethical problems. (springer.com)
Hepatic stem cells that resided in the canal of Hering represent a small population of the cells comprising a healthy liver. (hindawi.com)

The results of this study provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of AE-induced hepatic fibrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
however, animal and cell models remain critical in furthering our understanding of molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and new drug targets. (pancreapedia.org)

In response to cerulein (a CCK-8 ortholog widely used to elicit early pancreatitis responses in isolated acini an ex-vivo pancreatitis model), murine pancreatic acinar cells upregulate mRNA expression of both CXCL1 and CXCL2 within 90 min, with a supramaximally stimulating cerulein concentration of 0.1 mM producing 8 fold increase in CXCL1 and 10 fold increase in CXCL2 expression (87). (pancreapedia.org)

Results: Captopril significantly inhibited CRCLM tumour growth and increased tumour cell apoptosis in the regenerating liver at day 21. (edu.au)

Captopril also decreased the hepatocyte injury marker, alanine transaminase. (edu.au)

Upon mixing, the blood flows across the lobule through the hepatic sinusoids and drains into the central veins, while the bile flows in the opposite direction via the bile canaliculi. (encyclopedia.pub)

Human transformation growth factor- beta 1 (TGF-β1) was used to induce fibrosis at optimal concentration. (biomedcentral.com)

FXR-dependent Rubicon induction impairs autophagy in models of human cholestasis. (tugraz.at)

Enveloped virus particles are formed by budding from infected-cell membranes. (a-inhibitor.com)

Cell 170 , 1134-1148 (2017). (nature.com)

Single-cell deconvolution of fibroblast heterogeneity in mouse pulmonary fibrosis. (nature.com)
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of human lung provides insights into the pathobiology of pulmonary fibrosis. (nature.com)

Anatomy29

Organisms11

Diseases23

Chemicals and Drugs121

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes48

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Proliferation18

HSCs8

Expression in hepatic stellate cells2

Kupffer31

Necrosis5

Steatosis1

Progenitor5

Regeneration8

Fibrogenesis4

Differentiation1

Epithelial3

Apoptotic4

Cause hepatic1

Endoplasmic reticulum stress1

Anti-inflammatory effects1

Vitro5

Mice6

Activation2

Collagen4

Endothelial cells1

Inflammation5

Rats3

Homeostasis1

Phenotype2

Inhibition1

Liver injury3

Depletion1

Encephalopathy1

Microenvironment3

Protein4

Exerts2

Artery3

Hematopoietic1

Extracellular vesicles1

Transplantation2

Cholangiocyte1

Serum1

Cytokines2

Hepatitis2

Immune cells2

Pathogenesis3

Stem6

Molecular2

Murine1

Tumour1

Alanine1

Sinusoids1

Transformation1

Autophagy1

Membranes1

20171

Pulmonary fibrosis2