• DISSENTING OPINION OF COMMISSIONER MICHAEL J. COPPS September 19, 2001 In the Matter of: Application by Verizon Pennsylvania Inc., Verizon Long Distance, Verizon Enterprise Solutions, Verizon Global Networks Inc., and Verizon Select Services Inc. for Authorization To Provide In-Region, InterLATA Services in Pennsylvania (CC Docket No. 01- 138) A primary purpose of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 was to eliminate barriers to competition in the local telecommunications market. (fcc.gov)
  • I. BACKGROUND ON SECTION 271 In 1996 Congress faced a telecommunications industry where local and long distance companies were barred from competing against each other by legal restrictions and economic forces. (fcc.gov)
  • [4] In the Telecommunications Act of 1996, this title was heavily amended, its emphasis switched, in an effort, as the Act states, "to promote competition and reduce regulation in order to secure lower prices and higher quality services for American telecommunications consumers" [5] This act did promote competition - it is partially responsible for the boom of Internet companies, the dot-com bubble - but perhaps too well. (focustsi.com)
  • Seeing how cable companies had stratified their cable service, how these cable companies had jumped on the highly-profitable Internet, and understanding that the Telecommunications Act of 1996 left the Internet's legal status open for interpretation, he predicted that there would be attempts to also stratify the Internet, or make it non-neutral. (focustsi.com)
  • A limited update of the (1996 Telecommunications Act) could lock in an effective broadband framework to promote investment and innovation, foster competition, and empower consumers," leaning heavily for the former over the latter, abandoning the struggle for universal, affordable access, if Congress goes along, which is likely, given the power of big money to prevail. (dissidentvoice.org)
  • Unlike analog telecommunication, which relies on continuous electrical signals, ISDN uses packet-switching technology to divide data into small packets, allowing for simultaneous transmission of multiple types of information. (citizenside.com)
  • Telegraph lines are of course far less complicated than data networks or even phone networks, and indeed, telecommunication legislation became steadily more complicated as systems progressed. (focustsi.com)
  • Global geopolitics depends heavily on access to the main internet cables carrying internet traffic between countries and continents. (diplomacy.edu)
  • This is particularly true in economics and geopolitics, disciplines that feature heavily in Ten Years . (outsidefortresseurope.com)
  • It became impossible to regulate just one of the company's media types without regulating all at the same time, problematic because the Internet, not explicitly defined as a "common carrier" in the Telecommunications Act, was and is not subject to identical FCC non-discrimination regulation [6] . (focustsi.com)
  • First, it is often possible to identify clear trends, such as market demographics, that can help define potential demand for a company's future products or services. (mckinsey.com)
  • Tanzania Telecommunications Corporation, formerly Tanzania Telecommunications Company Limited (TTCL), is the oldest and largest fixed line telecommunications company in Tanzania. (wikipedia.org)
  • The company comes forth from the former Tanzania Posts and Telecommunications Corporation in 1993. (wikipedia.org)
  • The company is licensee for fixed basic telephone services in Tanzania mainland and Zanzibar and hence it owns and operates the public switched telephone network in mainland Tanzania and on Zanzibar. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1933, the former East African Post and Telegraph Company covered Postal, Telegraph and Telephone services in the three East African nations of Tanganyika, Kenya and Uganda. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1951 the British government replaced the East African Post and Telegraph Company and enacted the East African Posts and Telecommunication Act in 1951 to charter the East African Posts and Telecommunications Administration. (wikipedia.org)
  • the TPTC split into three separate entities, namely the Tanzania Posts Corporation, the Tanzania Telecommunications Company Limited (TTCL), and the Tanzania Communication Commission (TCC). (wikipedia.org)
  • under Title II of this Act (remember this), telecommunication companies were defined as "common carriers", or "a person or company that transports goods or people for any person or company and that is responsible for any possible loss of the goods during transport" and are subject to FCC regulation [3] . (focustsi.com)
  • It is also sometimes used as a synonym for deregulation when a heavily regulated private company or industry becomes less regulated. (wikipedia.org)
  • The US telecommunications company began promoting the term back in 2018 to separate itself from its competitors in the 5G race. (andymatthewsphotography.com)
  • It was not long before Marconi’s Wireless and Telegraph Company found larger premises near the centre of Chelmsford and eventually over a period of one hundred years employed many thousands of people. (marconi-veterans.com)
  • Many times the City Council has been advised that the word ‘Radio’ should read ‘Wireless’ as Marconi named his organisation Marconi’s Wireless and Telegraph Company. (marconi-veterans.com)
  • The complaint charges violations of section 2 of the Sherman Act, 15 U.S.C. § 2, by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) and two of its subsidiaries, the Western Electric Company (Western), and the Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. (Bell Labs), the basic allegation being that the defendants (Bell System) [1] have monopolized the telecommunications market in the United States. (justia.com)
  • Clark built the world's first practical pneumatic tube that carried messages in carriers in 1853, between the Electric and International Telegraph Company headquarters (called the Central Telegraph Station) on Telegraph Street in Lothbury and their offices at the Stock Exchange on Threadneedle Street. (lapsedhistorian.com)
  • The next tube, the Electric and International Telegraph Company built, in 1858, was over ten times longer at 3,120 ft. (lapsedhistorian.com)
  • On 5 February Byron Shire Council voted unanimously to reject a proposal by Telstra, Australia's largest telecommunications company. (emraware.com)
  • Therefore, in 1978 in Tanzania a parastatal was established under the name Tanzania Posts and Telecommunications Corporation (TPTC). (wikipedia.org)
  • The only passenger services run by CN after 1978 were several mixed trains (freight and passenger) in Newfoundland, and several commuter trains both on CN's electrified routes and towards the South Shore in the Montreal area (the latter lasted without any public subsidy until 1986). (rail-pass.com)
  • He gave examples of Cameroon, where internet access has been blocked for nearly three months for 20% of the population, and Uganda during the 2016 election (when mobile telephone and internet networks were deliberately disrupted by the government, using technology to block banking access and financial transactions by the opposition). (sas.ac.uk)
  • However, ten years later, the breaking up of EAC in 1977 forced EAC member countries to re-establish their own national Postal, Telegraph and Telephone businesses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sandema, the district capital has postal services to the whole district. (gov.gh)
  • With Ghana Telecom's on-going nationwide expansion programme, plans are far advanced to upgrade the postal agency into a modern post office with automatic telephone exchange and expedited mail services (EMS). (gov.gh)
  • This scalability allows telecom companies to maintain profitability while offering affordable services to customers. (mainenewsonline.com)
  • This permitted the FCC to hold phone companies, for example, accountable to the rules of the title, which stipulated fair, just, non-discriminatory service delivery. (focustsi.com)
  • By blasting open the market, companies were allowed, in lieu of regulation, to mingle their products' media types, creating communications behemoths like Comcast with voice, cable, and Internet service. (focustsi.com)
  • Companies that pay a greater total dollar amount of dividends are more heavily weighted. (etftrack.com)
  • [11] In the Roman Republic private individuals and companies performed the majority of services including tax collection ( tax farming ), army supplies ( military contractors ), religious sacrifices and construction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The coverage percentages advertised by telecommunications companies refer to population rather than land coverage. (hemamaps.com)
  • Major telecommunication companies around the world recognized the need for a digital network capable of handling voice, data, and video transmission more efficiently than the existing analog systems. (citizenside.com)
  • The private companies managing Lebanon's two state-owned mobile operators, Alfa and Touch, transferred the providers to the Ministry of Telecommunications in September and October 2020. (freedomhouse.org)
  • As the popularity and volume of telegraph messages increased, many telegraphy companies established branch offices around central London to assist in collecting and distributing telegram communications. (lapsedhistorian.com)
  • The first, set forth in 230(c)(1), tracks a rule that was historically associated with common carriers like telephones and telegraphs, which is that the platforms can't be treated as publishers and can't be held liable for third party speech that they do carry on their platforms. (fedsoc.org)
  • During the coverage period, the government blocked websites and applications that provided currency-exchange services and information, accusing such platforms of causing the collapse of the Lebanese pound. (freedomhouse.org)
  • In March 2021, the state-owned internet service provider (ISP) OGERO blocked online currency exchange platforms that did not reflect the government-approved exchange rate, at the request of judicial authorities (see B1 and B3). (freedomhouse.org)
  • Telecommunications technology, such as mobile phones, landlines, and the internet, has revolutionized communication by shrinking distances and bridging gaps. (mainenewsonline.com)
  • Major industries such as health care, finance, retailing and gambling would face huge tariffs for fast, secure Internet use-all subject to discriminatory and exclusive deal making with telephone and cable giants. (focustsi.com)
  • The "openness" of the Internet, its extreme diversity ("if it exists, it's on the Internet"), and the entrepreneurial notion that anyone can make some new site or service and succeed with it, are at stake. (focustsi.com)
  • Presently, more than 90% of all global internet traffic flows through submarine cables which mostly follow the old geographical routes used by telegraph cables in the nineteenth century. (diplomacy.edu)
  • NEC has subsequently been undertaking an ongoing and massive restructuring, including an increasing emphasis on systems integration services, software, and Internet-related services. (historyofdomainnames.com)
  • Computers, printers and other peripheral devices, Internet services, and network equipment aimed at the consumer market are handled through the Personal Solutions segment. (historyofdomainnames.com)
  • An explosion in the port area of Beirut in August 2020 resulted in massive damage to the city's telecommunications infrastructure, leading to internet outages across the country. (freedomhouse.org)
  • The ongoing economic crisis has created financial obstacles for internet service providers and users alike. (freedomhouse.org)
  • On August 4, 2020, an explosion in the port area of Beirut cased massive infrastructural damage, including to telecommunications infrastructure, which led to internet outages across the country (see A1). (freedomhouse.org)
  • 3 According to the most recent data from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), internet penetration stood at 78.19 percent and mobile internet penetration stood at 63.61 percent. (freedomhouse.org)
  • Today, we're going to talk about Electric Co-Ops becoming Internet Service Providers and bringing broadband to their customers. (epsglobal.com)
  • 200 of these Co-Ops currently offer Internet service , and that number is growing rapidly as more cooperatives recognize the benefits of providing broadband access to their members. (epsglobal.com)
  • It's expected that up to 150 more will offer Internet service over the next 3 years. (epsglobal.com)
  • Electric Co-Ops are well positioned to provide Internet service as they already have the infrastructure in place and a strong reputation for customer service. (epsglobal.com)
  • Providing Internet service can be a profitable business for electrical cooperatives and can help improve their members' lives by giving them access to the same opportunities as those in more urban areas. (epsglobal.com)
  • It operates a wide range of banking hall services. (gov.gh)
  • The Metro Mass Transit (MMT) service operates a safe, efficient and affordable transport service in the district. (gov.gh)
  • ISDN operates by converting analog signals into digital data, which can then be transmitted over telephone lines. (citizenside.com)
  • One of the key advantages of ISDN is its ability to support multiple services over a single telephone line. (citizenside.com)
  • The telecommunications industry has emerged as one of the most dynamic and robust sectors globally. (mainenewsonline.com)
  • Nikolaev Vyacheslav Konstantinovich has held managerial positions in the telecommunications industry for nearly two decades. (mainenewsonline.com)
  • Furthermore, the telecom industry benefits from the network effect, where the value of the service increases as the number of users grows. (mainenewsonline.com)
  • Population growth has expanded the demand for electrical and gas services exponentially, and the shape of the industry that supplies power to residential and business consumers has changed dramatically. (equiery.com)
  • With its ability to support high-quality voice communication and fast data transfer rates, ISDN remains a valuable technology in the ever-evolving telecommunications industry. (citizenside.com)
  • Lebanon's telecommunications infrastructure is weak and constrains access. (freedomhouse.org)
  • Despite increasing demand for both fixed and mobile services in Lebanon, investment in the telecommunications sector has been slowed by the economic crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the extensive damage to infrastructure following the explosion in the port area of Beirut in August 2020. (freedomhouse.org)
  • NEC Corporation is one of the world's leading makers of computers, computer peripherals, and telecommunications equipment and owns majority control of NEC Electronics Corporation, one of the leading semiconductor makers in the world. (historyofdomainnames.com)
  • Iwadare, however, set NEC to producing magneto-type telephone sets and secured substantial orders from the Ministry of Communications for the government-sponsored telephone-network-expansion program. (historyofdomainnames.com)
  • Japan's Ministry of Communications engineered an aggressive telecommunications program, linking the islands of Japan with commercial, military, and government offices in Korea and Manchuria. (historyofdomainnames.com)
  • With two thirds of the adult population in the developing world lacking access to financial services, it is crucial to be probe into ways to provide access to these services. (unitar.org)
  • On June 16, alternate regulatory paths were considered, including the one likely to prevail, favored by FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski "to define broadband access as a telecommunications service subject to 'common carrier' obligations to treat all traffic equally. (dissidentvoice.org)
  • Genachowski's plan is to shift (it) into the same classification as telephone service," authorizing more agency control than now, partially regulating providers, a "third way" applying some rules, not all, excluding the likelihood of universal, affordable access, the Net Neutrality gold standard, anything less called unacceptable. (dissidentvoice.org)
  • In 1993 when the government of Tanzania heavily restructured parastatals, the Telecommunication sector was liberalised. (wikipedia.org)
  • in this case, private entities are tasked with the implementation of government programs or performance of government services that had previously been the purview of state-run agencies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Privatization may mean the government sells state-owned businesses to private interests, but it may also be discussed in the context of the privatization of services or government functions, where private entities are tasked with the implementation of government programs or the performance of government services. (wikipedia.org)
  • NEC provides IT and network solutions to business enterprises, communications services providers and to government agencies, and has also been the biggest PC vendor in Japan since the 1980s. (historyofdomainnames.com)
  • A serious economic recession in Japan in 1913 forced the government to retrench sponsorship of its second telephone expansion program. (historyofdomainnames.com)
  • The Lebanese government now maintains functional control of the mobile telecommunications sector (see A4). (freedomhouse.org)
  • The request concerned the use of heat-shrink plastic covers during the de-reeling, cutting, and end-capping of telecommunication cable and employee complaints of eye irritation and odors. (cdc.gov)
  • But unless the FCC puts broadband under what's called 'Title II' of the Telecommunications Act," phone and cable giants will challenge all unfriendly decisions in court, assuring consumers will lose and they'll win. (dissidentvoice.org)
  • Leaders have signalled their commitment to bringing about improvements to the country's information and communications technology (ICT) sector, including through the eventual establishment of a fiber-optic cable and the roll out of fifth-generation (5G) service, however the ongoing economic crisis has slowed these plans. (freedomhouse.org)
  • Once the first telegraph submarine cable linked England and France and other parts of Europe in 1852, London was connected near-instantly with its neighbouring countries. (lapsedhistorian.com)
  • Business leaders have communicated to the Embassy that regulatory and governmental barriers are more likely to exist in mature, heavily regulated sectors than in new industries. (state.gov)
  • This represented a critical paradigm shift that has heavily influenced the development of fourth generation (4G) networks. (andymatthewsphotography.com)
  • In his experience, typically, governments look to control traditional print media, paralleled by drives to restrict or shut down electronic and telecommunication networks. (sas.ac.uk)
  • It was first introduced in the 1980s as a replacement for traditional analog telephone networks. (citizenside.com)
  • It offers faster and more reliable connections compared to analog networks, allowing for simultaneous transmission of multiple services over a single line. (citizenside.com)
  • The initial implementation of ISDN was focused on providing integrated voice and data services over existing telephone networks. (citizenside.com)
  • In 1967, post independence of the three nations, the East African Community (EAC) was founded and replaced the East African Common Service Organization. (wikipedia.org)
  • By the 1990s, as a direct result of Engelbart's crusade, tens of millions of people around the world use computers and telecommunications to extend their abilities to think and communicate. (well.com)
  • The shift to online services and working from home has accelerated an already unprecedented demand. (epsglobal.com)
  • Now I am not so naive as to think that the only driving force that brings us here is one of public service, but I do think that that's a major part of it. (cpsr.org)
  • Pneumatic messaging blows cylindrical carriers in tubes, carrying messages and small items in closed systems, which were pioneered and developed in London in the 1850's, ironically to support a new electric communications technology, the telegraph. (lapsedhistorian.com)
  • And whilst telegram messages travelled at great speed between cities, forwarding them a few hundred yards in the heavily crowded streets of London via messenger boys could take hours and sometimes over a day. (lapsedhistorian.com)
  • Consider US long-distance telephone providers in late 1995, as they began developing strategies for entering local telephone markets. (mckinsey.com)
  • Today we look at how can Electrical Co-Ops make the transition to becoming Service Providers with ease through Open Networking. (epsglobal.com)
  • ISDN, which stands for Integrated Services Digital Network, is a telecommunications technology that enables the transmission of voice, data, and video over digital telephone lines. (citizenside.com)
  • This means that a single ISDN line can be used for voice calls, data transfer, and even video conferencing, eliminating the need for separate lines for each service. (citizenside.com)
  • In summary, ISDN is a telecommunications technology that enables the transmission of voice, data, and video over digital telephone lines. (citizenside.com)
  • It aimed to replace the traditional analog Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) with a digital network capable of carrying both voice and data information. (citizenside.com)
  • As the sector expands, it generates both direct and indirect employment opportunities in various fields such as engineering, customer service, and technology development. (mainenewsonline.com)
  • There have also been studies of mobile telephone users, particularly on brain tumors and less often on other cancers and on symptoms. (nih.gov)
  • While mobile telephone coverage in Australia is usually reliable in cities and towns, it is often patchy or non-existent in remote and regional areas. (hemamaps.com)
  • If you're in a remote area with no signal, your mobile telephone may be useless. (hemamaps.com)
  • It is widely used for various applications, including home telecommunication, small business connectivity, and video conferencing. (citizenside.com)
  • ISDN has a wide range of applications, from home telecommunication to business connectivity and video conferencing. (citizenside.com)
  • What's frightening about the experience of Terry and Sandy Dehko is that just months prior to their seizure of their assets the Internal Revenue Service completed an audit indicating that all of their records were legitimate, and their small business was operating within the guidelines of Federal tax law. (stayingprepared.net)
  • The Networking Solutions segment comprises optical, broadband, and wireless networking equipment and services as well as cellular phones and other communications devices. (historyofdomainnames.com)
  • cross-subsidize their interexchange ventures," if they offered interLATA services while maintaining control of the local exchange market. (fcc.gov)
  • TTCL traces its roots to the East African telecommunications provider. (wikipedia.org)
  • For Electrical Co-Ops there are complex problems to solve in every vertical of networking: Enterprise, OT for Electric Grid, and Service Provider for ISP. (epsglobal.com)
  • Or check out our Service Provider Solutions here. (epsglobal.com)
  • The advent of mobile telephones, now used by about 1.6 billion people worldwide, has been accompanied by an upsurge in public and media concern about the possible hazards of this new technology, and specifically of radiofrequency field (RF) exposure. (nih.gov)
  • You are taking on the responsibility of raising these policy questions a little earlier on, and helping to formulate some of the answers to the often unprecedented and certainly very complex public policy and legal issues that fly like sparks off of this new technology, systems and services that are coming down the assembly line. (cpsr.org)
  • In addition to relaying the latest news from contacts worldwide, our group provides commentary on local issues, as well as a range of free community-oriented services. (emraware.com)
  • In addition to public broadcasts, local military traffic, radar emissions, and even microwaved telephone , telegraph , and satellite traffic are monitored. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • One of the most famous telecommunication traffic monitoring programs is the United States' "Echelon" system, part of an international system that monitors mobile phones and international long distance, among other things. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • France's membership in the European Union (EU) and the Eurozone facilitates the efficient movement of people, services, capital, and goods. (state.gov)
  • In addition, mobile health teams from Sandema and the other health centres visit several villages on a routine basis to offer health services to the people at 74 outreach clinic points. (gov.gh)
  • This service has brought a lot of transport relief to the Builsa people. (gov.gh)
  • Over 600 people use MMT's Bolgatanga-Sandema route service daily. (gov.gh)
  • The combination of competitive BOC entry into the interLATA market and competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC) entry into the BOC's once-dominant local market, Congress believed, would lead to significant consumer benefits in the form of lower prices, better service, and investment in new technologies. (fcc.gov)
  • I voted to approve Verizon's application to provide interLATA service in Connecticut because I found that Verizon met its burden of proving that it complied with section 271. (fcc.gov)
  • In order to promote competition in both the long distance and the local market in this legal and economic landscape, Congress passed the Telecommunications Act (the Act). (fcc.gov)
  • The Maryland Public Service Commission (PSC) was instituted in 1910 with the mission of regulating the electric utilities of the day as well as certain types of transportation systems. (equiery.com)
  • Western Electric recognized that Japan, which was undergoing an ambitious industrialization, would soon be building a telephone network. (historyofdomainnames.com)
  • Under the management of Kunihiko Iwadare and with substantial direction from Western Electric, NEC was at first little more than a distributor of imported telephone equipment from Western Electric and General Electric. (historyofdomainnames.com)
  • The history of the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) dates back to the 1970s when the demand for a more advanced telecommunications system began to emerge. (citizenside.com)
  • Ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio is a great alternative for road users to communicate with each other and emergency services. (hemamaps.com)
  • Chelmsford became a centre of attention for many countries who wished to take advantage of this new means of communication having only previously had sthe telephone for this purpose. (marconi-veterans.com)
  • For example, the disruption of e-commerce, e-banking, and platform services, such as Airbnb and Uber, could cause great economic disruption. (diplomacy.edu)
  • To utilize ISDN services, specific hardware and equipment are required, including ISDN adapters or routers, which allow for the connection of devices to the ISDN network. (citizenside.com)
  • Congress insisted, as the Commission has noted in previous Orders, that a BOC must meet each and every checklist item before the Commission grants permission to offer interLATA service. (fcc.gov)
  • By 1984, the first generational network covered all of Japan, making it the first country to have 1G service nationwide. (andymatthewsphotography.com)
  • The development of ISDN started in the late 1970s and early 1980s when the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT) began working on the standards for a new digital network. (citizenside.com)
  • TS S Dommot me- ----,---- Ait`_t NR 70-3 PREPARED BY: Records Management & Distribution Branch General Services Office Central intelligence Agency roved'Fr Release 2002/05/02 4 ii co 4-RDP78 Q4TIJPA000800240002-7 CO F UtN IM- Approved For Release 2002/05/0-: - 4T18A000800240002-7 Security Informot+nri APR 8 1953 MMEMORAii DUM FOR: Deputy Director (Administratio :) SUBJECT: .e-port of Records ilanagoment Surve'~,T Office of the Director 1. (cia.gov)
  • There were increasing demands for utility services from remote rural areas to megalopolises and the country became more pollution conscious, which influenced the building of generating capacity and the types of fuels used to run those plants. (equiery.com)
  • The believers also attend divine services at the cathedrals and churches across the country to get spiritually ready for one of the greatest Christian holidays - the Nativity of Christ. (blogspot.com)
  • President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko has congratulated Belarusian Orthodox Christians on the Nativity of Christ, the press service of the Belarusian head of state told BelTA. (blogspot.com)
  • State officials and foreign diplomats have been invited to take part in the Service. (blogspot.com)