glucose
- Change from baseline to 9 months in the allopurinol group compared to placebo in insulin sensitivity using an orgal glucose tolerance test to measure estimated metabolic clearance rate of glucose, insulin sensitivity, firth-phase insulin release and second-phase insulin release. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- In diabetic patients receiving a new pancreas it is possible to assess the effect of changing blood glucose excursions on cardiovascular risk factors, including endothelial function, without the use of antidiabetic drugs (exclude pleiotropic effects). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Day 2: Glucose/insulin infusion test to measure blood sugar levels. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Data from this study will then be used to design a larger trial to evaluate long-term effects on blood pressure and weight, as well as glucose and triglyceride control. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Blood pressure, blood glucose concentrations and urinary albumin excretion rate will be monitored every three months. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Yohimbine has been used to decrease glucose levels to a healthy level. (wikipedia.org)
- Metformin has a lower risk of hypoglycemia than the sulfonylureas, although hypoglycemia has uncommonly occurred during intense exercise, calorie deficit, or when used with other agents to lower blood glucose. (wikipedia.org)
- Acetohexamide A pill taken to lower the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. (wikipedia.org)
- For a person with diabetes, this can be caused by insufficient glucose absorption (e.g. from inadequate insulin) combined with metabolic ketosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Alpha cells make and release a hormone called glucagon, which raises the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. (wikipedia.org)
- Anti-diabetic drug A kind of medication that helps a person with diabetes control the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood so that the body works as it should. (wikipedia.org)
diastolic blood pr
- During the study, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in all treatments groups will be maintained ≤ 120 and 80 mmHg respectively, with fixed doses of study treatments and flexible doses of permitted antihypertensive therapy (diuretics, beta blockers, alfa blockers, centrally acting adrenergic blockers. (clinicaltrials.gov)
systolic blood pr
- The systolic blood pressure (SBP) in normotensive patients may increase by up to 20-30 mm Hg, while hypertensive patients may have an exaggerated reaction-SBP in these patients may increase up to 90 mm Hg ( Ahuja and Charap, 2010 ). (frontiersin.org)
diabetic
- Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina , heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). (rxlist.com)
Doses
- A study of hemodynamic function in patients with ejection fractions both above and below 35% showed no clinically significant effects on cardiac output, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at doses of Corvert up to 0.03 mg/kg. (drugs.com)
- Larger doses seem to slightly increase blood pressure but not beyond clinical relevance. (wikipedia.org)
- High blood lactic acid level is a concern if the medication is prescribed inappropriately and in overly large doses. (wikipedia.org)
metabolites
- This study will evaluate the pharmacokinetics of vildagliptin and its metabolites in patients with mild, moderate or severe renal impairment and healthy volunteers. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Eight metabolites of ibutilide were detected in metabolic profiling of urine. (drugs.com)
- Experiments in which mice were treated with CBD followed by THC showed that CBD treatment was associated with a substantial increase in brain concentrations of THC and its major metabolites, most likely because it decreased the rate of clearance of THC from the body. (wikipedia.org)
urine
- They will also have blood and urine tests. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Also, 24 hours of regular blood draws and 24-hour urine collection to monitor regular daily cortisol levels. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- In healthy male volunteers, about 82% of a 0.01 mg/kg dose of [ 14 C] ibutilide fumarate was excreted in the urine (about 7% of the dose as unchanged ibutilide) and the remainder (about 19%) was recovered in the feces. (drugs.com)
- Tolerance to the autonomic effects of increased blood pressure and heart rate, and increased urine output, develops with chronic use (i.e., these symptoms become less pronounced or do not occur following consistent use). (wikipedia.org)
glomerular filt
- AIMS The primary aim of this study is to assess whether at comparable levels of optimal blood pressure and metabolic control, the ACE inhibitor delapril alone or in combination with the dihydropyridine CCB manidipine slow the rate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline as compared with placebo plus conventional antihypertensive therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Pharmacokinetics in women is affected by lower body weight, slower gastrointestinal motility, less intestinal enzymatic activity, and slower glomerular filtration rate. (aafp.org)
insulin sensitivity
- In addition the investigators wish to see if allopurinol can have beneficial effects on blood pressure and insulin sensitivity as well. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- We measured fat content by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), liver fat by ultrasound and MRI, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by adrenal response to ACTH 1-24 , unconjugated urinary cortisol excretion, corticosteroid-binding globulin, and cortisol clearance by MS. We assessed insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp and by OGTT. (springer.com)
- Cortisol clearance was strongly inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity (M value) ( r = −0.61, p = 0.002). (springer.com)
- Multiple regression modelling showed that the relationship between cortisol clearance and insulin sensitivity was independent of body fat. (springer.com)
- The relationship between fatty liver and insulin sensitivity was significantly influenced by body fat and cortisol clearance. (springer.com)
- Cortisol clearance is strongly associated with insulin sensitivity, independently of the amount of body fat. (springer.com)
- The relationship between fatty liver and insulin sensitivity is mediated in part by both fatness and cortisol clearance. (springer.com)
clinically significant effect
- Even though it affects cranial blood vessels a single standard dose of almotriptan has no clinically significant effect on blood pressure or heart rate in both young and elderly healthy volunteers. (wikipedia.org)
excretion
- Increased cortisol clearance most likely explains why morning cortisol levels are not elevated in obesity despite increased cortisol secretion rates, as measured by urinary cortisol metabolite excretion ( 19 , 23 , 24 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Pharmacokinetics involves the rate and extent of drug movement through the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. (aafp.org)
metabolism
- The proposed mechanism involves competitive inhibition of theophylline metabolism via CYP450 1A2, as well as metabolic conversion of caffeine to theophylline in vivo and saturation of theophylline metabolism at higher serum concentrations. (drugs.com)
adverse
- Similarly, mice overexpressing 11β-HSD1 in the liver develop adverse metabolic features but do not become obese ( 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- The UK Prospective Diabetes Study, a large clinical trial performed in 1980-90s, provided evidence that metformin reduced the rate of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes relative to other antihyperglycemic agents. (wikipedia.org)
- The Cochrane Collaboration's reviews on the treatment of ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults with pharmaceutical amphetamines stated that while these drugs improve short-term symptoms, they have higher discontinuation rates than non-stimulant medications due to their adverse side effects. (wikipedia.org)
hypertension
- TWYNSTA (telmisartan/amlodipine) tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension , alone or with other antihypertensive agents to lower blood pressure. (rxlist.com)
- Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. (rxlist.com)
- Verelan (verapamil HCl) is indicated for the treatment of hypertension , to lower blood pressure. (rxlist.com)
- Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia ), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal. (rxlist.com)
- A class of drugs used to decrease hypertension, mainly by interfering with the renin kidney-blood pressure control cycle. (wikipedia.org)
syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome is a name given to a group of factors that tend to occur together. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- A person is said to have metabolic syndrome if they have three or more of the above risk factors. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- People with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes, stroke, and heart disease. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- People with central obesity and metabolic syndrome may have higher than normal cortisol levels that the body cannot regulate properly. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Abnormal cortisol levels may play an important role in metabolic syndrome. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Researchers are interested in studying its effects on metabolic syndrome. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- To study the effects of short-term mifepristone treatment for metabolic syndrome. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Reduce blood pressure, contribute to correction of metabolic syndrome, reduce risk of abnormal heart rhythms 400-500 mg of Mg+ (as magnesium glycinate). (xtronics.com)
CYP2D6
- Considerable unexplained intersubject variability in the debrisoquine metabolic ratio (urinary debrisoquine/4-hydroxydebrisoquine) exists within individual CYP2D6 genotypes. (aspetjournals.org)
- Thirteen healthy young volunteers, nine CYP2D6*1 homozygotes [extensive metabolizers (EMs)] and four CYP2D6*4 homozygotes [poor metabolizers (PMs)] took 12.8 mg of debrisoquine hemisulfate by mouth and collected 0- to 8- and 8- to 24-h urines, which were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) before and after treatment with β-glucuronidase. (aspetjournals.org)
Affects
- Binding of the drug to the receptor leads to vasoconstriction of the cranial (brain) blood vessels and thus affects the redistribution of blood flow. (wikipedia.org)
liver
- Ibutilide has a high systemic plasma clearance that approximates liver blood flow (about 29 mL/min/kg), a large steady-state volume of distribution (about 11 L/kg) in healthy volunteers, and minimal (about 40%) protein binding. (drugs.com)
cortisol
- Day 3: Infusion of cortisol-like compounds and then regular blood draws for about 3 hours to evaluate how cortisol is metabolized. (clinicaltrials.gov)
antihypertensive
- Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. (rxlist.com)
renal
- INTRODUCTION Optimal blood pressure, glycemic and lipid control are of utmost importance to minimize the incidence and the progression of chronic renal and cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- For example, because renal clearance is slower in women, some renally-excreted medications, such as digoxin, may require a dosage adjustment. (aafp.org)
vessels
- Traditional Chinese physicians used ginkgo leaves to treat asthma and chilblains (inflammation of the small blood vessels in the skin in response to cold but above freezing temperatures). (drugs.com)
- Almotriptan significantly increases cerebral blood flow and reduces blood flow through extracerebral cranial vessels. (wikipedia.org)
- Angiopathy A process that damages the blood vessels. (wikipedia.org)
- Arteriosclerosis Hardening of the blood vessels. (wikipedia.org)
intravenous
- In a study in healthy volunteers, intravenous infusions of Corvert resulted in prolongation of the QT interval that was directly correlated with ibutilide plasma concentration during and after 10-minute and 8-hour infusions. (drugs.com)
serum
- Peripheral arterial tonometry, serum/plasma concentrations of endothelial dysfunction markers, blood pressure, lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- In six healthy male volunteers (all smokers), serum concentrations of theophylline (administered as aminophylline 400 mg single oral dose) were significantly higher following consumption of caffeine (2 to 7 cups of instant coffee over 24 hours, equivalent to approximately 120 to 630 mg of caffeine) than after caffeine deprivation for 48 hours. (drugs.com)
- ADJUST DOSING INTERVAL: Administration of theophylline with continuous enteral nutrition may reduce the serum levels or the rate of absorption of theophylline. (drugs.com)
- The use of theophyllines is associated with an increase in heart rate which may progress to supraventricular tachycardia or ventricular arrhythmia at high serum drug concentrations. (drugs.com)
- Serum lipid concentrations and GFR (estimated with the iohexol plasma clearance) will be measured every six months. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Women should receive lower dosages of digoxin and have lower serum concentration targets than men because of higher mortality rates. (aafp.org)
severe
- For example, a 2014 review found tentative evidence that people treated with sulfonylureas had a higher risk of severe low blood sugar events (RR 5.64), though their risk of non-fatal cardiovascular events was lower than the risk of those treated with metformin (RR 0.67). (wikipedia.org)
reduction
- It causes a significant reduction in blood pressure and heart rate in healthy volunteers. (wikipedia.org)
Subjects
- Sato J, Nakata H, Owada E, Kikuta T, Umetsu M, Ito K "Influence of usual intake of dietary caffeine on single-dose kinetics of theophylline in healthy human subjects. (drugs.com)
reduces
- Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. (rxlist.com)
ischemic
- However, they also found that a subgroup of nonwhite men had elevated rates of death from chronic ischemic heart disease when compared with the overall US population. (epa.gov)
higher
- For example, in a previous study Matanoski and coworkers reported that while mortality of styrene-exposed workers from atherosclerotic heart disease was less than mortality of the overall US population, it was significantly higher among a subgroup of black workers than would be expected based on general population rates. (epa.gov)
Infusion
- The maximum effect was a function of both the dose of Corvert and the infusion rate. (drugs.com)
Treatment
- For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program's Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC). (rxlist.com)
- DW Dodick (Cephalalgia, 2004,24, 298-304) Almotriptan improves response rates when treatment is within 1 hour of migraine onset. (wikipedia.org)
Workers
- This discrepancy is often found in such studies because workers tend to be healthier than the general population (the healthy worker effect). (epa.gov)
heart
- Allopurinol lowers uric acid in the blood and is normally indicated for gout, but studies have showed that it also can reduce the thickness of the left ventricle of the heart in people with heart- and kidney disease. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- An agent which interferes with the renin (kidney-lung-heart blood pressure control) cycle. (wikipedia.org)
risk
- These risk factors include central obesity (extra weight around the middle of the body) and high blood pressure and blood sugar levels. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- It has a low risk of causing low blood sugar. (wikipedia.org)
levels
- THC is converted rapidly to 11-hydroxy-THC, which is also pharmacologically active, so the drug effect outlasts measurable THC levels in blood. (wikipedia.org)
side effects
- 2005 Jul-Aug;45(7):874-82) Triptans and CNS side effects: pharmacokinetic and metabolic mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
drug
- Many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. (rxlist.com)
lower
- Alpha-adrenergic blockers and PDE5 inhibitors are both vasodilators that can lower blood pressure. (drugs.com)
Nine
- Twenty-nine middle-aged healthy men with a wide range of BMI were recruited. (springer.com)
study
- In conclusion, this study suggests that the traditional metabolic ratio is not a true measure of the debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation capacity of an individual and thus may, in part, explain the wide intragenotype variation in metabolic ratio. (aspetjournals.org)
- After 7 days, participants will return to the metabolic unit to repeat the Day 1 and Day 2 study procedures. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- One week after the second set of study tests, participants will return for a brief physical exam and blood tests. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- In another study, steady-state concentration and area under the concentration-time curve of theophylline (1200 mg intravenously over 24 hours) increased by 23% and 40%, respectively, in eight healthy volunteers following administration of caffeine (300 mg orally three times a day). (drugs.com)
- The primary efficacy variable of this study is the rate of GFR decline. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Allometry is a well-known study, particularly in statistical shape analysis for its theoretical developments, as well as in biology for practical applications to the differential growth rates of the parts of a living organism's body. (wikipedia.org)
Body
- Acidosis An acidic condition in body fluids, chiefly blood. (wikipedia.org)
general population
- For the general population of healthy adults, Health Canada advises a daily intake of no more than 400 mg. (wikipedia.org)
type
- However, limitations of the data make it difficult to assess the roles of factors such as diet, smoking, physical activity, blood pressure or type of job within the industry. (epa.gov)
placebo
- Change from baseline to 9 months in the allopurinol group compared to placebo in systolic and diastolic ambulatory blood pressure, systolic and diastolic Office blood pressure. (clinicaltrials.gov)
plasma
- Terminal rate constant in plasma. (clinicaltrials.gov)
cerebral bloo
- where Cjvo 2 = jugular venous bulb oxygenation content, Cao 2 = arterial oxygen content, CMRO 2 = the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen, and CBF = cerebral blood flow. (asahq.org)
- Almotriptan significantly increases cerebral blood flow and reduces blood flow through extracerebral cranial vessels. (wikipedia.org)
systemic clearance
- Zileuton: CYP3A4 inhibitors, such as zileuton, may decrease systemic clearance of buspirone leading to increased or prolonged effects. (enone.info)
- In healthy male volunteers, a 1 mg bolus of leuprolide administered intravenously revealed that the mean systemic clearance was 7.6 L/h, with a terminal elimination half-life of approximately 3 hours based on a two compartment model. (nih.gov)
Metabolism
- Mephobarbital: Substances that are potent inducers of hepatic cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP3A4, such as barbiturates, may increase the rate of buspirone metabolism. (enone.info)
amlodipine
- With the gradual manifestation of action and prolonged effect, amlodipine causes gradual decline in blood pressure and minimal reflex stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. (pharmacyreviews.to)
- The simultaneous use of amlodipine and digoxin in healthy volunteers did not alter the level of digoxin in serum and its renal clearance, while co-administration of cimetidine does not alter the pharmacokinetics of amlodipine. (pharmacyreviews.to)
- In healthy male volunteers, the simultaneous use of amlodipine did not change the impact of warfarin on prothrombin time. (pharmacyreviews.to)
- Amlodipine is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure [see Clinical Studies ]. (rxlist.com)
- Adjust amlodipine component dosage according to blood pressure goals. (rxlist.com)
- If CONSENSI is stopped and replaced with an equal dose of amlodipine, monitor blood pressure carefully. (rxlist.com)
renin
- A class of drugs used to decrease hypertension, mainly by interfering with the renin kidney-blood pressure control cycle. (wikipedia.org)
- An agent which interferes with the renin (kidney-lung-heart blood pressure control) cycle. (wikipedia.org)
oxygen
- Rate-pressure product and oxygen uptake during exercise. (bmj.com)
phenytoin
- The pharmacokinetics of fosphenytoin following IV administration of CEREBYX, however, are complex, and when used in an emergency setting (e.g., status epilepticus), differences in rate of availability of phenytoin could be critical. (eci2012.net)
decrease
- 10 In the clinical setting, pyridostigmine has been shown to increase heart rate variability and to decrease the density of ventricular arrhythmia 11 in patients with heart failure. (bmj.com)
dose
- The volume of distribution of fosphenytoin increases with CEREBYX dose and rate, and ranges from 4.3 to 10.8 litres. (eci2012.net)
- Almotriptan clearance is moderately reduced in the elderly but does not require dose adjustment. (wikipedia.org)
arterial
- It causes inflexibility of the arterial walls, so they are not flexible as in a healthy condition. (wikipedia.org)
absorption
- food intake does not affect the rate of absorption of the drug. (pharmacyreviews.to)
Adverse
- The UK Prospective Diabetes Study, a large clinical trial performed in 1980-90s, provided evidence that metformin reduced the rate of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes relative to other antihyperglycemic agents. (wikipedia.org)
- The Cochrane Collaboration's reviews on the treatment of ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults with pharmaceutical amphetamines stated that while these drugs improve short-term symptoms, they have higher discontinuation rates than non-stimulant medications due to their adverse side effects. (wikipedia.org)
clinical
- Larger doses seem to slightly increase blood pressure but not beyond clinical relevance. (wikipedia.org)
myocardial
- About blood of these congestive Steroids, not, will be into myocardial ' within three admins of tissue phosphodiesterase, normally without soft Hypoglycaemia for antagonist. (sonicboomsound.com)
level
- High blood lactic acid level is a concern if the medication is prescribed inappropriately and in overly large doses. (wikipedia.org)
onset
- DW Dodick (Cephalalgia, 2004,24, 298-304) Almotriptan improves response rates when treatment is within 1 hour of migraine onset. (wikipedia.org)
cardiac
- Encouraging reports of the use of near-infrared spectroscopy, a noninvasive method of monitoring cerebral blood oxygenation, during carotid endarterectomy 11 and cardiac surgery 12 must be balanced against the fact that current technology is qualitative rather than quantitative and can only be used to detect trends rather than to provide accurate measurements. (asahq.org)
drugs
- Predictions regarding this interaction can be made based on the metabolic pathways of these drugs. (enone.info)
- Combination therapy with two immunotherapy drugs produces an unprecedented doubling of response rates from 20 percent to 40 percent, a new study shows. (thebioconnection.com)
intake
- For the general population of healthy adults, Health Canada advises a daily intake of no more than 400 mg. (wikipedia.org)
increase
- Experiments in which mice were treated with CBD followed by THC showed that CBD treatment was associated with a substantial increase in brain concentrations of THC and its major metabolites, most likely because it decreased the rate of clearance of THC from the body. (wikipedia.org)
Study
- Allometry is a well-known study, particularly in statistical shape analysis for its theoretical developments, as well as in biology for practical applications to the differential growth rates of the parts of a living organism's body. (wikipedia.org)
sugar
- It has a low risk of causing low blood sugar. (wikipedia.org)
body
- Acidosis An acidic condition in body fluids, chiefly blood. (wikipedia.org)
patient
- At Week 6, blood samples will be collected from each patient to determine TTR stabilization. (clinicaltrials.gov)