• Agrobacterium rhizogenes is the etiological agent for hairy-root disease (also known as root-mat disease). (bioone.org)
  • Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 harboring the agropine type root-inducing plasmid (pRiA4) induced hairy roots on stem sections of gentian plants. (eurekamag.com)
  • These results suggest that metabolic engineering of P. grandiflorum by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation may enhance production of phytosterols and triterpenoids. (figshare.com)
  • Here we describe an optimized protocol for the rapid generation of transformed hairy roots on ex vitro composite plants of cowpea using Agrobacterium rhizogenes . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes are soil bacteria that infect plant roots, causing crown gall or "hairy roots" diseases. (jrank.org)
  • Therefore, we investigated whether cotton hairy roots, generated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes infection of cotyledons, could serve as a model system for studying the cotton-nematode interaction. (usda.gov)
  • Here, Agrobacterium rhizogenes-induced hairy roots were investigated as a possible research platform for studying RKN and reniform nematode parasitism of cotton in tissue culture. (usda.gov)
  • i) long distance RNA trafficking between parasitic plants and their hosts, ii) RNA interference (RNAi) as a resistance mechanism against parasites - Striga and Cuscuta, iii) genetic engineering strategies for enhancing drought tolerance in tropical crops, iv) Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation of cereals as a functional genomics tool for plant-parasite interactions, and v) molecular mechanisms of parasitic plants/host plants interactions. (ac.ke)
  • The biochemical and genetic stability makes it a more efficient technique than the suspension cultures. (plantcelltechnology.com)
  • Some studies have found that callus-induced hairy root cultures of Cannabis sativa in B5 media, supplemented with 4g/l NAA, under dark conditions produce cannabinoids. (plantcelltechnology.com)
  • Hence, these two genes are promising target sites for genetic engineering to increase TA in A. acutangulus hairy root cultures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Morphology, growth rate, nematode infection, and gene expression of hairy root cultures initiated from M315 (RKN-resistant), GB713 (reniform-resistant), and DP90 (susceptible) genotypes were compared. (usda.gov)
  • however, comparisons between nematode-resistant and -susceptible hairy root cultures may be confounded by A. rhizogenes transformation-related changes in root gene expression. (usda.gov)
  • In this report Solanum xanthocarpum was used to induce the hairy root cultures, for getting the benefits of the medicinal properties residing in the roots of the medicinally important plant. (jpbs-online.com)
  • The use of in vitro cultures, the role of bacteria and mychorrhizas, the powerful tool of genetic engineering, are some of the aspects focused in this paper that open prospects of global relevance for a better understanding of the processes related to the uptake of heavy metals by woody plants. (sisef.it)
  • In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of how A. rhizogenes induces root formation, on the new uses for A. rhizogenes in tissue culture and composite plant production (wild-type shoots with transgenic roots), and the recent development of a disarmed version of A. rhizogenes for stable transgenic plant production. (bioone.org)
  • Further, it highlights the biosynthetic pathways of tanshinones and phenolic acids - two main classes of bioactive components produced in this plant species - and reviews and discusses the technology of hairy root induction, tissue culture and genetic transformation of S. miltiorrhiza. (stanford.edu)
  • Hairy roots can be grown indefinitely in tissue culture and are more amenable to genetic manipulation compared to whole plants. (usda.gov)
  • RKN and reniform nematode successfully infected and reproduced on DP90 hairy roots in tissue culture. (usda.gov)
  • Among different tissue culture systems, hairy root is very stable in hormone-free culture conditions and these roots stably produce secondary metabolites over a long period due to their inherent genetic and biochemical stability. (ac.ir)
  • Based on the part of the plant used in the process, tissue culture is of different types: shoot tip culture, hairy root culture, meristem culture, embryo culture, pollen culture, and anther culture. (plantcelltechnology.com)
  • The ability to accurately detect and quantify Fusarium virguliforme , the cause of sudden death syndrome (SDS) in soybean, in samples such as plant root tissue and soil is extremely valuable for accurate disease diagnoses and to address research questions. (illinois.edu)
  • Morphologically, A. rhizogenes -induced hairy roots are very similar in structure to wild-type roots with a few notable exceptions: Root hairs are longer, more numerous, and root systems are more branched and exhibit an agravitropic phenotype. (bioone.org)
  • Hairy Root Culture is the new route for large scale secondary metabolite production because of their fast and plagiotropic growth, genetic and biochemical stability. (jpbs-online.com)
  • Researchers have utilized this tool to study root development and root-biotic interactions, to overexpress proteins and secondary metabolites, to detoxify environmental pollutants, and to increase drought tolerance. (bioone.org)
  • The hairy root technology offers a promising in vitro source for secondary metabolite production. (plantcelltechnology.com)
  • Processes orchestrated or driven by a plethora of genes, plant hormones, and inherent biological timing mechanisms facilitated by secondary molecules, which result in the systematic transformation of plants and plant parts, from one stage of maturity to another. (lookformedical.com)
  • more recently, Crohn disease‒associated genetic loci have been identified. (medscape.com)
  • Cowpea composite plants offer a rapid alternative to methods requiring stable transformation and whole plant regeneration for studying gene expression in resistance or susceptibility responses to parasitic weeds. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This lack of research is partly due to the root parasitic nature of the nematode and to the difficulty in producing transgenic cotton for the purpose of determining gene function. (usda.gov)
  • The hairy main transformation system proven in this examine will do along with potential for additional analysis within genome enhancing of cucumber and also other cucumis vegetation.Parasitic unwanted weeds result in immeasureable us dollars in agricultural cutbacks annually throughout the world. (cpsase-signal.com)
  • Even so, understanding of your mechanisms root the particular relationships involving number and parasitic vegetation, especially with the program backward and forward creatures, is fairly constrained. (cpsase-signal.com)
  • We determined that both root-knot and reniform nematode will infect and reproduce on cotton hairy roots derived from a susceptible cotton line (DP90). (usda.gov)
  • This bacterium induces the neoplastic growth of plant cells that differentiate to form "hairy roots. (bioone.org)
  • The expression of genes encoded within the T-DNA promotes the development and production of roots at the site of infection on most dicotyledonous plants. (bioone.org)
  • The recessive mongenic brush mutation impaired root development and infection by nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. (elifesciences.org)
  • Adding injury to infection: The relationship between injury status and genetic diversity of Theileria infecting plains zebra, Equus quagga. (ac.ke)
  • One understudied opportunity is using feral crops-plants that have escaped and persisted without cultivation-as a source of genetic diversity, which could build resilience in domesticated conspecifics. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • In this work, we have reviewed the scientific literature available on the development and application of molecular resources on oil-producing crops and specifically reveal research gaps on noug genetic improvement and highlight broadly applicable and affordable short-term strategic interventions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous studies have identified one mutant version of this plant, called brush , which develops abnormal roots with brush-like arrays of root hairs near the tip. (elifesciences.org)
  • Their use can likely be readily adapted to look at the effects of both ectopic gene overexpression as well as gene knockdown of root associated defense responses and to the study of a broader range of root associated physiological and aphysiological processes including root growth and differentiation as well as interactions with other root pests, parasites, and symbionts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genetic differentiation in populations of the yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis, harbouring B chromosomes in different frequencies. (ac.rs)
  • These genes, most of which are constitutively expressed before and during symbiosis, constitute the common symbiosis signaling pathway (CSSP), which is also required for root nodule symbiosis (RNS). (frontiersin.org)
  • Soybean as BNF (Biological Nitrogen Fixation) plant increases soil fertility through root nodule bacteria. (cornous.com)
  • This capacity is broadly termed "genetic engineering. (jrank.org)
  • The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development. (lookformedical.com)
  • Some researchers focus on the negative consequences of domestication, whereas others assert that feral populations may serve as useful pools of genetic diversity for future crop improvement. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • however, caution is warranted when interpreting data collected using hairy roots because of significant variation in gene expression and protein levels between hairy root lines. (usda.gov)
  • As a result, hairy roots are widely used as a trans-genic tool for the production of metabolites and for the study of gene function in plants. (bioone.org)
  • It has been proven that the application of small scale jar fermenters for culturing hairy roots induced from several Solanaceous plants is a very prospective method for production of TA [ 9 - 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of some different parameters on optimization of hairy production in P. somniferum. (ac.ir)
  • Furthermore, we found that hairy roots generated from resistant cotton lines (M315 and GB713) maintained their resistance in hairy roots. (usda.gov)
  • Basal transcript and protein levels of MIC3, a RKN resistance-associated gene, were compared between native and hairy roots to assess possible transformation-related effects on root gene expression. (usda.gov)
  • The selection and screening are important in the case of propagation of plants for industrial or research purposes to maintain genetic uniformity amongst clones. (plantcelltechnology.com)
  • PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING. (lookformedical.com)
  • While transformation procedures have become routine for a growing number of plant species, the random introduction of complex transgenenic DNA into the plant genome by current methods generates unpredictable effects on both transgene and homologous native gene expression. (bioone.org)
  • Although uninfected native roots of RKN-resistant M315 showed low basal MIC3 transcript levels and undetectable protein, M315 hairy root lines expressed elevated and variable levels of MIC3 transcript and protein. (usda.gov)
  • DP90 hairy roots did not show elevated levels of either MIC3 transcript or protein. (usda.gov)
  • Calcium-dependent protein phosphorylation in hairy roots of Daucus carota . (ne.jp)
  • The genetic basis of the changes associated with the establishment of AM has been addressed with two complementary approaches: (i) Forward genetic screens to identify genes required for symbiosis, and (ii) transcript profiling to identify AM-induced genes followed by reverse genetic analysis of their function by gene knockouts or gene silencing. (frontiersin.org)
  • Parrou, J.L.: Genetic and metabolic regulation of glycogen and trehalose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (tu-dresden.de)
  • Puerarin, one of several known isoflavones, is found in a number of plants and herbs, such as the root of the kudzu plant Puerarin is the 8-C-glucoside of daidzein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genetic instability of seeds will be reflected in the characteristics of plants. (plantcelltechnology.com)
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants. (lookformedical.com)
  • Many woody plants are fast growing, have deep roots, produce abundant biomass, are easy to harvest, and several species revealed some capacity to tolerate and accumulate heavy metals. (sisef.it)
  • As compared to the control and single gene transformed lines (P or T lines), PT transgenic hairy root lines produced significantly higher levels of TA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, the co-expression of AaPMT and AaTRI genes in A. acutangulus hairy roots significantly improved the yields of TA and showed higher antioxidant activity than control because of higher total TA content, which is the first report on simultaneous introduction of PMT and TRI genes into TA-producing plant by biotechnological approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the case of plant roots, changes in the concentration of calcium ions herald essential information about soil conditions and the presence of microorganisms, and in turn trigger appropriate responses. (elifesciences.org)
  • Oruru MB, Mugendi EN, Pasquet R, Runo S. Response of a wild-type and modern cowpea cultivars to arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation in sterilized and non-sterilized soil. (ac.ke)
  • Multi-laboratory comparison of quantitative PCR assays for detection and quantification of Fusarium virguliforme from soybean roots and soil. (illinois.edu)
  • The root-knot and reniform nematodes are serious pests of Upland cotton in the United States and abroad. (usda.gov)
  • But now scientists are working on soybean improvement through Genetic engineering (GE) to satisfy the global food demand. (cornous.com)
  • Genetic engineering methods i.e. gene silencing and transgenesis have reduced many risks and helped to increase soybean resilience. (cornous.com)
  • Recently, new plant breeding technologies (NBPTs) like transcription activator-like effector nucleases, zinc finger nucleases, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR Cas9) appeared that are the basis for genetic improvement in soybean. (cornous.com)
  • Genetic structure and diversity of East African taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott]. (ac.ke)
  • The risk of transgene transfer into related plant species and consumers is another concern associated with the conventional transformation technologies. (bioone.org)
  • 2007). Here, we report the unusual genetic behavior of a quantitative gain-of-function CNGC mutation ( brush ) in Lotus japonicus resulting in a leaky tetrameric channel. (elifesciences.org)
  • Various approaches to avoid or eliminate undesirable transgenes, most notably selectable marker genes used in plant transformation, have recently been developed. (bioone.org)
  • Recently, interest in ZmWUS 's stem cell promoting properties has resurfaced due to their use in efficient transformation systems for maize and other recalcitrant plant species 12 , 13 . (nature.com)
  • It makes it possible to store genetic material for longer periods. (plantcelltechnology.com)
  • Frequently, the genetic material becomes destabilized and reorganized, so that previously-concealed characters are expressed. (jrank.org)
  • Viruses whose genetic material is RNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • We used PCR analysis to select transformed hairy root lines and selected six lines for further investigation. (figshare.com)
  • Unfortunately, similar to other legumes, efficient plant transformation technology is a rate-limiting step in analysis of gene function in cowpea. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further analysis revealed that it was actually the ratio between BRUSH and brush expression levels that was critical for determining how the plant's roots developed. (elifesciences.org)
  • Genetic improvement of the crop is being actively pursued and numerous functional genomics studies are underway aimed at characterizing gene controlling key agronomic characteristics for disease and pest resistances. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The leaky entry of calcium ions likely confuses the plant's surveillance system, which disturbs the normal development of the root. (elifesciences.org)
  • Thus, our studies provide new insight into the genetic program controlling C-LTMR development and call for a revisit for the physiological functions of C-LTMRs. (jneurosci.org)
  • However, the genetic program controlling C-LTMR development is entirely unknown. (jneurosci.org)
  • Materials and methods In the present research, for the optimization of hairy root in papaver, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with 4 replications. (ac.ir)
  • These questions, which emerged from the colloquium "Darwins' reversals: What we now know about Feralization and Crop Wild Relatives" at the BOTANY 2021 conference, fall into seven categories that span both basic and applied research: (1) definitions and drivers of ferality, (2) genetic architecture and pathway, (3) evolutionary history and biogeography, (4) agronomy and breeding, (5) fundamental and applied ecology, (6) collecting and conservation, and (7) taxonomy and best practices. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • The doctor thinks it's genetic disease but neither parent is a carrier. (blogspot.com)