• pinyin: Huá Huá, born 5 December 2017) are a pair of identical crab-eating macaques (also referred to as cynomolgus monkeys) that were created through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the same cloning technique that produced Dolly the sheep in 1996. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wikinews has related news: Healthy cloned monkeys born in Shanghai Since scientists produced the first cloned mammal Dolly the sheep in 1996 using the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique, 23 mammalian species have been successfully cloned, including cattle, cats, dogs, horses and rats. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dolly, named after country singer Dolly Parton, was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell, using a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (cyprus-mail.com)
  • Twenty years have passed since Dolly the sheep was born by cloning (somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT) but the results of non-human mammalian cloning are very poor, and cause animal diseases and huge biological losses. (sibi.org)
  • So far the reprogramming of somatic cells shows very low rates of efficiency (~0.0006-1%) that have not improved in the last two decades of continuous research. (sibi.org)
  • I believe that the reprogramming errors are not the only cause of these low rates of cloning: the mammalian SCNT fails with a very high frequency mainly due to the damage that the technique itself inflicts in the egg and the somatic nucleus, and the very few successful cases occur only when the damage is not significant. (sibi.org)
  • True cloning performed by nuclear transfer from an adult and differentiated somatic cell to a previously enucleated egg (somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT), gives rise to a new cell, the nuclovulo (nucleus+ovum), distinct from the zygote because the sperm is not involved in its creation, while both can develop as embryos and give rise to offspring. (sibi.org)
  • Prior to SCNT, the somatic cell (differentiated) must be reprogramed to a similar state of a pluripotent embryonic cell (undifferentiated) before the nucleus is extracted and transferred. (sibi.org)
  • It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
  • Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT-Cloning) is a promising technique in many areas and is based on genetically identical individuals. (pvb.com.br)
  • The early mammalian embryo consists of the extra-embryonic cell layers-the trophoblast and a body of cells called the inner cell mass (ICM), which eventually become the embryo proper. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Proponents of stem cell research claim that the blastocyst is not human yet, and the embryos used for stem cell harvest are typically leftover from in vitro fertilization procedures with minimal chance that a human could ever develop from them. (nhsjs.com)
  • Progesterone is the hormone of pregnancy and acts on the uterus to stimulate blastocyst survival, growth, and development. (bioscientifica.com)
  • She experimented by culturing mouse eggs and successfully developing them into embryos, leading to advancements with in vitro fertilization. (asu.edu)
  • The term was originally used to refer to the babies born from the earliest applications of artificial insemination and has now been expanded to refer to children born through the use of in vitro fertilization, the practice of fertilizing an embryo outside of a woman's body. (asu.edu)
  • Among the factors thought to contribute to the greater success in cloning cattle are the relatively late embryonic genome activation specific for this species [16 -18] and the optimization of reproductive technologies, such as in vitro embryo production and embryo transfer, brought about by the cattle industry [19]. (sibi.org)
  • The source of embryos is from those fertilized in vitro , and then donated for research with donor consent. (nhsjs.com)
  • The controversy over embryonic stem cell research is caused by the fact that the procurement of these stem cells involves the destruction of the embryo produced during in vitro fertilization. (nhsjs.com)
  • British scientist Ian Wilmut, whose research was central to the creation of the cloned animal, Dolly the Sheep, has died at the age of 79, the University of Edinburgh said on Monday. (cyprus-mail.com)
  • Moreover, most early-stage embryos that are produced naturally (that is, through the union of egg and sperm resulting from sexual intercourse) fail to implant and are therefore wasted or destroyed. (wikiquote.org)
  • While regarded by many top scientists as the Holy Grail of medicine, others consider embryonic stem-cell research sacrilegious. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • However, the removal of embryonic stem cells destroys the early embryo. (nhsjs.com)
  • Considering the great potential of embryonic stem cell research, it is argued here that their research be allowed to be legal, federally funded, and its development a national priority. (nhsjs.com)
  • There are many types of stem cells, but most of the controversy surrounds embryonic stem cells, as they are derived from human embryos. (nhsjs.com)
  • In the United States currently embryonic stem cell research is allowed but there has been a lot of public controversy and legal setbacks. (nhsjs.com)
  • This newer bill calls for prioritizing federally assisted advancement of embryonic stem cell research ( 1). (nhsjs.com)
  • Additionally, there have been two executive orders focusing on embryonic stem cells, one released by President George W. Bush prohibiting embryonic stem cell research and related federal funding, the other by President Barack Obama reversing the previous order but still with restrictions in place ( 2). (nhsjs.com)
  • The scientists hope to induce the cell to divide and form embryonic stem cells, which they will then use for research into stem cell therapy for human diseases, e.g. (creationfactfile.com)
  • A minority of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) display totipotent features resembling 2-cell stage embryos and are known as 2-cell-like (2C-like) cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Notably, Loeb showed scientists how to create artificial parthenogenesis, thus refuting the idea that spermatozoa alone were necessary to develop eggs into embryos and confirming the idea that the chemical constitution of embryos environment affected their development. (asu.edu)
  • The reason for wanting to use animal cells for this research is that there are not enough human eggs available for the research. (creationfactfile.com)
  • One of the scientists who wants to try the technique, Stephen Minger of King's College London in the U.K. commented: "The use of nonhuman oocytes (egg cells) for SCNT is currently the only ethically justifiable option given the large numbers of eggs required to derive cloned human stem cell lines. (creationfactfile.com)
  • Wilmut, along with Keith Campbell from the animal sciences research institute in Scotland, generated news headlines and heated ethical debates in 1996 when they created Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. (cyprus-mail.com)
  • Obama soon initiated changes to Bush's 2001 executive order concerning scientific research involving human stem cells. (asu.edu)
  • Stem cells are at the forefront of medical research and incite some of the most controversial ethical and religious debates worldwide. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • The scientist had analyzed almost 300 embryos produced in three years, and although several seemed healthy, they all resulted inviable. (sibi.org)
  • I'm a data scientist with experience in healthcare and human subject research. (astralcodexten.com)
  • Recent advances in the field of stem-cell research are giving hope to millions. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Despite the technological advances in SCNT during the last decade, and its scientific and medical importance, the molecular processes involved in nuclear reprogramming remain largely unknown and the overall efficiency of SCNT in mammals remains very low. (sibi.org)
  • Dolly's creation triggered fears of human reproductive cloning, or producing genetic copies of living or dead people, but mainstream scientists have ruled this out as far too dangerous. (cyprus-mail.com)
  • In 1966, his final year at Nottingham, he received a scholarship to conduct research for a summer under English biologist Ernest John Christopher Polge in the Unit of Reproductive Physiology and Biochemistry, then a division of the Agricultural Research Council at the University of Cambridge. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • These results suggest that different genomic regions in the genome may be independently reprogrammed and that failures in reprogramming the DNA methylation patterns of imprinted genes may be one of the causes of the low efficiency of SCNT. (pvb.com.br)
  • We conclude that the potential of these technologies depends on further fundamental and translational research directed at improving the efficiency and safety of these methods. (bioscientifica.com)
  • In a meeting in Washington (3 December 2001) the researcher Tanja Dominko presented the results of monkey cloning (Macacus rhesus) when she worked at the Regional Center of Research in Primates of Beaverton, Oregon (USA). (sibi.org)
  • In January 2019, scientists in China reported the creation of five identical cloned gene-edited monkeys, using the same cloning technique that was used with Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, and the same gene-editing CRISPR-Cas9 technique allegedly used by He Jiankui in creating the first ever gene-modified human babies Lulu and Nana. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some individuals consider it immoral to experiment with an embryo because they regard embryos as human beings from the moment of conception, while others believe stem cell research could lead to great scientific advancements. (asu.edu)
  • Such cells are derived from human embryos, and are undifferentiated, unlike other specialized cells in the human body. (nhsjs.com)
  • Adversaries of stem cell research argue that embryos are human and destroying one is equal to murdering a child. (nhsjs.com)
  • Proponents, on the other hand, believe that embryos have not yet been guaranteed their human rights because they are only blastocysts, and the benefits of such research outweigh the concerns. (nhsjs.com)
  • Animal human embryo research approved, according to reports BBC News, news@nature and ScienceNOW, 5 September 2007. (creationfactfile.com)
  • The Human Fertilisation and Embryology authority in the UK have approved research using embryos created by mixing human and animal cells. (creationfactfile.com)
  • This research assumes that the animal cytoplasm will not make any difference as only the human DNA in the nucleus will determine how the cell will function. (creationfactfile.com)
  • I Corinthians 15:39) Paul's basis for this statement is that all the different kinds of animals were made as separate creations and human beings are unique creations made in the image of God. (creationfactfile.com)
  • To try to mix human and animal cells is denying that humans are unique creations and flying in the face of the God who made them. (creationfactfile.com)
  • Recording and contextualizing the science of embryos, development, and reproduction. (asu.edu)
  • This process gets rid of unneeded cells and is particularly important for "sculpting" tissue and organ structure during development of the embryo (or larval metamorphosis in insects), but may occur at any time even in adult cells when a tissue needs to be remodeled. (agemed.org)
  • Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient to reproduction, development, normal growth, and function of the nervous system and vision, especially in growing animals. (pvb.com.br)
  • Combined with the incorporation of new tools for genetic modification, these novel techniques promise to (i) transform and accelerate our understanding of genetic diseases and the development of targeted therapies through creation of tailored animal models, (ii) provide safe animal cells, tissues and organs for xenotransplantation, (iii) contribute to the preservation of endangered species, and (iv) improve global food security whilst reducing the environmental impact of animal production. (bioscientifica.com)
  • Research on early embryos indicates that cytoplasm content has a profound effect on the early development of the embryo. (creationfactfile.com)
  • A particular field encouraged by the foundation is stem-cell research, with the great hope that it will result in the ability to get cells to differentiate into neurons and support cells to bridge the gap of a spinal cord injury. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Cancer A clonal growth (cells all descended from one ancestral cell) that undergo continuing mitotic divisions and are not inhibited in their growth when they come in contact with neighboring cells (contact inhibition). (agemed.org)
  • Cells become cancerous by accumulating, stepwise, a series of several mutations that alter the function of genes important for cell growth. (agemed.org)
  • More research is needed, and more is being done (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04809129), but none has focused on long term compliance or long term weight loss in humans wearing weighted clothes. (astralcodexten.com)
  • These animals are important in terms of their significance to science and the ethical issues that their creation raises. (wikiquote.org)
  • Ethical rules need, however, to be in place so that scientific research always respects the life and freedom of individuals, and there is no abuse of this research potential to serve other goals. (nhsjs.com)
  • There is nothing ethical about this research at all. (creationfactfile.com)
  • Stem cell research remains a controversial issue in the US. (asu.edu)
  • Stem cell research is one of the most controversial issues in modern medicine. (nhsjs.com)
  • The egg was then zapped with electricity to make it grow like a fertilized embryo. (cyprus-mail.com)
  • McLaren was the first researcher to grow mouse embryos outside of the womb. (asu.edu)
  • In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. (wikiquote.org)
  • She is the first "cloned" primate by artificial twinning, which is a much less complex procedure than the DNA transfer used for the creation of Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua. (wikipedia.org)
  • The main difficulty was likely the proper programming of the transferred nuclei to support the growth of the embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • The efficiency of cloning, defined as the proportion of transferred embryos that result in viable offspring, is approximately 2 to 3% for all species. (sibi.org)
  • Adversaries support that it is unethical to destroy an embryo and is, in religious terms, a sin. (nhsjs.com)
  • The establishment of miPSCs provides a unique research material for the investigation of "heterosis" and perhaps is more significant to study hybrid gamete formation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Among the first to study embryos through experimentation, Loeb helped found the new field of experimental embryology. (asu.edu)
  • Christopher Reeve and his wife, Dana, started a foundation that continues to encourage research in the field of spinal injuries, the Christopher Reeve Foundation . (thefutureofthings.com)