Growth cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Medical search. Frequent questions

Primary mouse embryo fibroblasts lacking Cip1 and Kip1 genes encoding inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 were used to further explore the effects of oncogenic Ras on arrest of the cell division cycle. (ku.dk)
Although early passage primary fibroblast strains that lack both p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) fail to assemble cyclin D-dependent kinases, oncogenic Ras retained its ability to induce p19(ARF), but not p16(INK4a), protecting Cip/Kip-null cells from proliferating and undergoing transformation. (ku.dk)
Therefore, in the absence of p16(INK4a), p21(Cip1), and p27(Kip1), oncogenic Ras affects the functions of genes required for completion of the cell cycle. (ku.dk)
SnCs exhibit irreversible growth arrest accompanied by increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi) such as p16 INK4a , and p21 Cip1 , accumulation of DNA damages, and secretion of diverse bioactive molecules known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). (aging-us.com)
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21 cip1/waf1 (p21), maintains hematopoietic stem cell quiescence, and we evaluated its role in the regenerative response of neural tissue after ischemic injury using the mice deficient in p21. (rupress.org)
TGF-b inhibits cell growth by controlling a cytostatic program that includes activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p15 Ink4B and p21 WAF1/Cip1 and repression of c-myc. (tmc.edu)
Specifically, DLX4 blocked the ability of TGF-b to induce expression of p15 Ink4B and p21 WAF1/Cip1 by directly binding to Smad4 and to Sp1. (tmc.edu)
In addition, DLX4 induced expression of c-myc, a repressor of p15 Ink4B and p21 WAF1/Cip1 transcription, independently of TGF-b signaling. (tmc.edu)
HDAC inhibition resulted in a transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip). (cret-signal.com)
We demonstrated that deferasirox increased expression of the metastasis suppressor protein N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 and upregulated the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(CIP1/WAF1) while decreasing cyclin D1 levels. (birmingham.ac.uk)

In response to DNA-damaging agents, the wild-type p53-activated fragment 1 (WAF1 also known as p21) is an important downstream effector in the p53-specific growth arrest pathway. (lu.se)

Overexpression of IGF-1 in serum and tissue alters the growth of normal cells and causes uncontrolled proliferation, inhibits differentiation and reduces apoptosis, resulting in the incidence and development of malignant tumors ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) regulates stress responses, proliferation, and apoptosis in hematopoietic cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Diminution of p53 by RNA interference induced necrosis instead of apoptosis in A549 cells following terpinen-4-ol treatment, indicating that terpinen-4-ol-elicited apoptosis is p53-dependent. (hindawi.com)
Recent reports have indicated that terpinen-4-ol exerts its antitumor effects by triggering caspase-dependent apoptosis in human melanoma cells or by inducing necrotic cell death and cell-cycle arrest in mouse mesothelioma and melanoma cell lines without affecting normal cells [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
Our results indicated that terpinen-4-ol induced apoptosis through a mitochondria-mediated pathway in NSCLC cells and that the apoptosis elicited by terpinen-4-ol was p53 dependent. (hindawi.com)
induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. (lsbio.com)
LincRNA-p21 participates in TP53-dependent transcriptional repression leading to apoptosis and seem to have to effect on cell-cycle regulation. (lsbio.com)
A key feature of prostate cancer progression is the induction and activation of survival proteins, including the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) family member survivin. (oncotarget.com)
In this model, the senescence-sensitive promoter from the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A ( Cdkn2a ) gene, also known as p16 INK4a , drives expression of 3MR, a fusion protein that is composed of luciferase and red fluorescent protein (RFP) reporters and herpes simplex virus-1 thymidine kinase, which converts ganciclovir (GCV) into an apoptosis inducer. (jax.org)
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a secreted growth and differentiation factor that influences vital cellular processes like proliferation, adhesion, motility, and apoptosis. (encyclopedia.pub)
Because of its ability to induce cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in normal and pre-malignant cells, TGFβ has been described as a potent tumor suppressor [ 8 ] [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Treating SCCHN cell lines with a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor resulted in defective cytokinesis, polyploidy and apoptosis, which was effective irrespective of the EGFR status. (oncotarget.com)
Our results demonstrate that combined targeting of EGFR and Aurora kinases represents a therapeutic means to activate cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis in SCCHN. (oncotarget.com)
With aging, the cell stops dividing: it does not respond to growth factors and becomes resistant to apoptosis. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)

Whereas p16(INK4a) antagonizes the activities of cyclin D-dependent kinases, p19(ARF) activates the p53 transcription factor. (ku.dk)
Immortalized rodent fibroblast cell lines that lack INK4a/ARF function, ARF alone, or p53 are resistant to the growth inhibitory effects of oncogenic Ras and instead continue to proliferate and undergo morphological transformation. (ku.dk)
The defining characteristic of senescence is a highly stable cell cycle arrest, triggered by the up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as p16 INK4a and p21 CIP1a . (rupress.org)

Also, the alteration of p21 gene expression by E2, BPA, or genistein affected the expression of its downstream genes of cell cycle, cyclin D1 and Cdk-4. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Since the recruitment of HDAC leads to transcriptional repression, inhibitors of this enzymatic activity can reverse aberrant repression in cancer cells and lead to re-expression of epigenetically silenced genes involved in growth and differentiation processes. (iiarjournals.org)
One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. (lsbio.com)
Several genetic alterations have been described in SCCHN, including mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and mutations in genes that encode cell cycle proteins such as p16 and cyclin D1. (oncotarget.com)
Genes necessary for cell cycle progression, such as E2F-dependent genes, are incorporated into the SAHF and are thereby silenced, contributing to the stability of the growth arrest. (rupress.org)
These events are dependent on the proper levels of transcription and translation of certain genes. (cancerquest.org)
This first category also includes genes that contribute to tumor growth by inhibiting cell death. (cancerquest.org)
p21 and other tumor suppressor genes' inactivation are therefore most likely involved in the first steps of the cancer model, with later stages possibly involving protooncogene activation and inflammation. (medscape.com)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) are proteins that bind to and inhibit the activity of CDKs. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, numerous important cellular proteins, such as B-cell lymphoma-2 homologous antagonist/killer, Myc proto-oncogene protein, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, DNA replication licensing factor MCM-7, retinoblastoma 1 and Annexin A1, are degenerated through the UBE3A-mediated ubiquitin proteasome pathway ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins are essential in the regulation of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins work by inactivating the CDKs by degradation. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins use ATP as a phosphate contributor to phosphorylate serine and threonine residues. (wikipedia.org)
Seven cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins have been identified. (wikipedia.org)
The discovery of Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins in 1990 opened the door in how we think about cell cycle control. (wikipedia.org)
The active cyclin/CDK complex then phosphorylates proteins, activates them, and sends the cell into the next phase of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)

CDKs are under inhibitory control of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs). (biomedcentral.com)
Exogenous OGF was observed to have a dose-dependent, serum-independent, reversible, and receptor-mediated inhibitory action on cell proliferation that was dependent on RNA and protein synthesis. (nih.gov)
The mechanism of OGF-OGFr action on DNA synthesis was related to the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory pathway because knockdown of p16 or p21 in OVCAR-3 cells, and p21 in SKOV-3 cells, eliminated OGF's inhibitory effect on growth. (nih.gov)
However, studies shortly thereafter discovered that this effect of TGFβ (unlike the effect of oncogenes) was reversible, and that TGFβ can have potent cell growth inhibitory effects [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

One of estrogens, 17b-estradiol (E2), is a pleiotropic hormone that regulates the growth and differentiation of many tissues and also acts as a mitogen that promotes the development and proliferation of hormone-responsive cancers. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
In the cell proliferation test in vitro, E2 or BPA increased the growth of the BG-1 ovarian cancer cells expressing ERs. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Our study demonstrates that survivin and APE1/Ref-1 are significantly higher in human prostate cancer specimens compared to noncancerous controls and that APE1/Ref-1 redox-specific inhibition with small molecule inhibitor, APX3330 and a second-generation inhibitor, APX2009, decreases prostate cancer cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. (oncotarget.com)
Although steady-state conditions revealed no increase in primitive cell proliferation in p21-null mice, a significantly larger fraction of quiescent neural precursors was activated in the hippocampus and subventricular zone after brain ischemia. (rupress.org)
Therefore, p21 is an intrinsic suppressor to neural regeneration after brain injury and may serve as a common molecular regulator restricting proliferation among stem cell pools from distinct tissue types. (rupress.org)
Similarly, depletion in the STRIPAK component STRIP1 affects activation of GCKIII kinases and cell cycle disruption through elevated expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, enhanced levels of which lead to a protective effect from therapeutic treatments and increased proliferation. (lu.se)
Hypoxia and genetic defects that chronically drive proliferation leave such tumors dependent on a steady supply of nutrients, especially glucose. (springer.com)
We further demonstrated that overexpression of miR-24 suppressed the NPC cell proliferation and migration in vitro, and inhibited the xenograft tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
The mechanisms underlying this reduction of SMC proliferation by HDAC inhibition involve a growth arrest in the G(1) phase of the cell cycle that is due to BVD-523 cost an inhibition of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. (cret-signal.com)

On the other hand, genistein upregulated the expression of p21 gene cultured in the presence of E2 or BPA, leading to the growth inhibition of the BG-1 cells. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Firstly, VPA induced cell growth inhibition and apoptotic activity, as demonstrated by sulforhodamine B protein assay, annexin V assay and by Western blot analysis for Bcl2 and Bax expression levels, in all three cell lines. (iiarjournals.org)
Due to the role of oncogenic transcriptional activators NFĸB and STAT3 in survivin protein expression, and APE1/Ref-1 redox activity regulating their transcriptional activity, we assessed selective inhibition of APE1/Ref-1's redox function as a novel method to halt prostate cancer cell growth and survival. (oncotarget.com)
However, these mutations are absent from many other types of tumors that are resistant to TGF-b-mediated growth inhibition. (tmc.edu)
Finally, we provide evidence that these observations are applicable in vivo by demonstrating that HDAC inhibition decreased neointima formation and expression of cyclin D1 in a murine model of vascular injury. (cret-signal.com)
Combined Aurora kinase and EGFR targeting using a monoclonal anti-EGFR antibody was more effective compared to single EGFR and Aurora kinase inhibition. (oncotarget.com)

Furthermore, CDK-activating kinase (CAK) phosphorylates cyclin-bound CDKs on a single threonine residue, a modification that is essential for their activity [ 6 - 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

PCNA is a co-factor of cyclin-D and it makes a complex with cyclin-D, a cyclin dependent kinase (CDK), and a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI). (biomedcentral.com)

A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein (also known as CKIs, CDIs, or CDKIs) is a protein which inhibits the enzyme cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and Cyclin activity by stopping the cell cycle if there are unfavorable conditions, therefore, acting as tumor suppressors. (wikipedia.org)

The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 and p16 inhibit the activity of CDKs, such as CDK4. (medscape.com)

Furthermore, restoring wild-type HPK1 protein in PDA cells led to the increase in p21 and p27 protein expression and cell cycle arrest. (aacrjournals.org)
Concretely, E2 or BPA decreased the gene expression of p21, which is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor and responsible for the cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, to proliferate the BG-1 cells. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Oncogenic Ras induces p19ARF and growth arrest in mouse embryo fibroblasts lacking p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 without activating cyclin D-dependent kinases. (ku.dk)
Several hallmarks of cellular senescence, such as cell cycle arrest, expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, DNA damages, and senescence-associated secretory profile were evaluated. (aging-us.com)
We demonstrated previously that valproic acid (VPA) and other short-chain fatty acids, as HDAC inhibitors, can arrest cell growth and induce differentiation in human neuroblastoma cells ( 10 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Activation of p21 or p16 therefore causes cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)

The progression of cells through the cell cycle is regulated by a family of protein kinases known as the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (biomedcentral.com)
Cell cycle progression is stopped by Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein at the G1 phase. (wikipedia.org)
Prevents CDK7 kinase activity when associated to CAK complex in response to DNA damage, thus stopping cell cycle progression. (lsbio.com)
p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 expression were not significantly associated with response to chemotherapy, time to progression, or overall survival in the whole patient population or in the docetaxel group. (lu.se)

D-type and E-type cyclins assemble with CDKs during the G1 phase and these holoenzymes act as rate-limiting controllers to regulate passage through the restriction point and the subsequent onset of DNA replication [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The synthesis of another G1 phase cyclin, cyclin E, increases in late G1 and decreases once DNA replication is initiated. (biomedcentral.com)

Met(5)]-enkephalin) and the OGF receptor (OGFr) form an endogenous growth-regulating pathway in homeostasis and neoplasia. (nih.gov)
DNA damage increases TP53 levels through an ATM-dependent pathway. (medscape.com)

We analyzed the clinical data and performed immunohistochemistry for Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Aurora kinase A (Aurora-A) expression in 180 SCCHN patients. (oncotarget.com)
HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)

Role in cancer: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) mutants are frequent in human cancers. (wikipedia.org)
Taken together from these results, we may suggest an anticancer effect of genistein, a dietary phytoestrogen, on the estrogen-dependant cancers like ovarian cancer prompted by E2 or BPA. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

The effectiveness of these enzyme inhibitors has been established by many in vitro and in vivo experiments on a variety of tumor types ( 7 - 9 ). (iiarjournals.org)

Cyclins regulate the cell cycle in association with cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs). (biomedcentral.com)
Further studies are needed to investigate the factors that regulate the expression of p16 in the oocyte, which might also govern the initiation of primordial follicle growth. (biomedcentral.com)

However, both Mabs were also found to induce complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) reaction for lysis of cancer cells, an immune property which is not shared by peptide analogs of GnRH. (annexpublishers.co)

The former include hypoxia, high lactate levels or the abundance of growth factors within the cellular microenvironment. (springer.com)
This receptor is found in moderate levels on some normal cells and as the gene's name implies, it is involved in cellular responses to growth factors. (cancerquest.org)

It moves into the cytoplasm and eventually activates a specific cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). (wikipedia.org)

Cyclins function as the positive regulators of CDKs. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyclins and CDKs assemble into complexes with one another as cells progress through G1 phase, cyclins being required to activate the serine-threonine kinase activity of their catalytic partners. (biomedcentral.com)
Human cells contain many different cyclins binding to different CDKs. (wikipedia.org)
CDKs and cyclins appear and activate at specific cell cycle phases. (wikipedia.org)
Further research has demonstrates that Cdks, cyclins and CKIs play essential roles in processes such as transcription, epigenetic regulation, metabolism, stem cell self-renewal, neuronal functions and spermatogenesis. (wikipedia.org)

Cyclin E forms complexes during this interval with CDK2. (biomedcentral.com)
The structure of CDK2-CyclinA and p27 is determined by crystallography, demonstrating that the inhibitor of p27 stretches at the top of the Cyclin-CDK complex. (wikipedia.org)

Because of its mutated aggressive genetics, this cell has a selective growth advantage over its neighbors. (medscape.com)

An choice activator of MEK 1/2 sig naling is protein kinase Ca. To examine RAF265 927880-90-8 the role of PKCa on NO activation of MEK/ERK/Ets one signaling, cells were treated with EGF or 0. (checkpointinhibitor.com)

The typical inactivation mechanism of the CDK/ Cyclin complex is based on binding a CDK inhibitor to the CDK cyclin complex and a partial conformational rotation of the CDK. (wikipedia.org)
When there is uncontrolled cell growth, it can lead to cancer cells due to the inactivation of the CKIs. (wikipedia.org)

In this study we tested the expression of CDKIs p15, p16, p21 and p27 by immunohistochemistry to determine the role of CDKIs in the initiation of primordial follicle growth. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression of p15, p16, p21 and p27 did not vary in granulosa and theca cells by the follicle stage. (biomedcentral.com)
These preliminary findings suggest that the initiation of oocyte growth, which seems to lead follicle growth, is associated with diminished p16 expression in the mouse ovary. (biomedcentral.com)
p15, p16, p21 and p27 in mouse ovaries by immunohistochemistry to assess whether the initiation of primordial follicle growth was associated with the expression of CDKIs. (biomedcentral.com)
The overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly increased caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 activities, induced B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)/Bcl‑2‑associated X protein, tumor protein 53 and cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 1 protein expression and suppressed cyclin D1 and survivin protein expression in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
The overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly suppressed the levels of protein expression of ubiquitin‑protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) and Insulin‑like growth factor‑1 receptor (IGF‑1R) in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Treatment of Panc-1 cells with a proteasome inhibitor, MG132, increased the HPK1 protein levels in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that alteration in proteasome activity contributes to the loss of HPK1 protein expression in pancreatic cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
After MG132 withdrawal, wild-type HPK1 protein expression was markedly decreased within 24 hours, but kinase-dead HPK1 mutant protein expression was sustained for up to 96 hours. (aacrjournals.org)
In addition, it increased Bax and reduced Bcl-2 expression levels and increased p21 and p53 expression in the colonic tissues. (carcinogenesis.com)
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles in a human lung cancer cells: time- and dose-dependent influence over p53 and caspase-3 protein expression and epigenetic effects. (sciendo.com)
Quantitative RT-PCR, MTT, colony formation, soft-agar, wound healing, Transwell migration and invasion assays, and xenograft tumor growth and lung metastasis models were performed to test the expression levels and functions of miR-24 in NPC. (biomedcentral.com)
cyclin D1 mRNA expression and cyclin D1 promoter activity. (cret-signal.com)
Comparing pan-Aurora kinase and Aurora-A targeting hints towards a strong and clinically relevant biological effect mediated via Aurora kinase B. Taken together, our findings characterize a new poor risk group in SCCHN patients defined by elevated EGFR and Aurora-A protein expression. (oncotarget.com)
In breast cancer patients, it is unclear whether measuring p53, mdm-2, or p21 expression provides information on how patients will respond to chemotherapy. (lu.se)
p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 expression were assessed by immunohistochemical methods in primary tumors derived from 134 patients who took part in a randomized multicenter trial comparing docetaxel to sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MF) in advanced breast cancer. (lu.se)
Interestingly, tumors with both negative mdm-2 and p21 expression, irrespective of p53 status, had a high response rate to docetaxel but no response to MF. (lu.se)

In the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family or CDK, Cyclin, and CKIs, serine/threonine kinases play an integral role in regulating the eukaryotic cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Active TGFβ induces the heteromeric complex formation of two single transmembrane serine/threonine kinase family receptors, i.e. (encyclopedia.pub)

Induces the transcription of long intergenic non-coding RNA p21 (lincRNA-p21) and lincRNA-Mkln1. (lsbio.com)

We previously showed that the Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) is expressed in the rodent ovarian follicles at the earliest sign of growth [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We assessed whether cell cycle inhibitors that restrict stem cell populations in other tissues may participate in limiting neural stem cell reactivity in vivo. (rupress.org)

Recently, VPA has demonstrated antitumor activity as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. (iiarjournals.org)
The effectiveness of HDAC inhibitors, expecially VPA, in neuroblastoma cells, prompted us to investigate the anticancer activity of VPA in other neural crest-derived malignancies, such as glioblastoma, melanoma and Askin tumor. (iiarjournals.org)

Our results indicated that terpinen-4-ol elicited a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, as determined by MTT assay. (hindawi.com)

In this study, we examined the effect of a phytoestrogen, genistein, on the cell growth of BG-1 ovarian cancer cells expressing estrogen receptors (ERs) caused by E2 and BPA. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

This biological property was associated with oncogenes, hence the name transforming growth factor. (encyclopedia.pub)

These results indicated that low concentrations of p,p'-DDT promoted colorectal cancer growth through Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, which was mediated by oxidative stress. (cret-signal.com)
Checkpoint inhibitor therapy is a form of cancer immunotherapy. (checkpointinhibitor.com)
Tumor hypoxia is definitely an vital aspect mediating cancer aggressiveness inhibitor supplier and therapeutic resistance and has acquired renewed interest inside the setting of elevated utilization of anti angiogenic therapies and with an improved knowing of aberrant patterns of breast tumor metabolism. (checkpointinhibitor.com)
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)

The p21 family (p21, p27, p28 and p57) can bind to broad range of CDK-cyclin complexes and inhibit their activities. (biomedcentral.com)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)

Anatomy7

Organisms2

Chemicals and Drugs72

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes29

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Cip110

Waf11

Apoptosis15

INK4a3

Genes9

Proteins8

Inhibitory4

Proliferation9

Inhibition6

Phosphorylates1

CDKI1

Inhibits1

Inhibit the activity1

Arrest6

Progression4

Replication2

Pathway2

Epidermal2

Cancers2

Enzyme1

Regulate2

Induce1

Cellular2

Activates1

CDKs5

CDK22

Genetics1

Activation1

Inactivation2

Expression16

Threonine2

Transcription1

PCNA1

Vivo1

HDAC2

Dose-dependent1

Ovarian1

Oncogenes1

Cancer5

Complexes2