• Under these conditions a group of heterotrophic bacteria, called polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) are selectively enriched in the bacterial community. (waterworld.com)
  • For the linear chains, the end phosphorus groups share one oxide and the others phosphorus centres share two oxide centres. (wikipedia.org)
  • Its chemical formula is H(NH 4 PO 3 ) n OH showing that each monomer consists of an orthophosphate radical of a phosphorus atom with three oxygens and one negative charge neutralized by an ammonium cation leaving two bonds free to polymerize . (wikipedia.org)
  • Phosphorus (P) in municipal wastewater exists in three forms: (1) orthophosphate, (2) polyphosphate, and (3) organically bound phosphorus. (waterworld.com)
  • Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA contain carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and phosphorus (CHON P).. What is the chemical composition of carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen Sulphur and phosphorus? (lacteoscienelac.com)
  • Phosphorus does not exist in elemental form in the natural environment because elemental P is extremely reactive and readily combines with oxygen (O) to form phosphate (PO 4 ). (ufl.edu)
  • The recovery of the nirS genes makes it likely that " Ca . Accumulibacter phosphatis" behaves as a denitrifying PAO capable of utilizing nitrite instead of oxygen as an electron acceptor for phosphorus uptake. (uibk.ac.at)
  • A polyphosphate is a salt or ester of polymeric oxyanions formed from tetrahedral PO4 (phosphate) structural units linked together by sharing oxygen atoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The formation of the magnesium complex is a critical element in the process of ATP hydrolysis, as it weakens the link between the terminal phosphate group and the rest of the molecule. (wikipedia.org)
  • The phosphoric acid reacts with alcohol groups to form heat-unstable phosphate esters . (wikipedia.org)
  • Under the anaerobic and aerobic conditions, PAOs can take up more inorganic phosphate than their metabolic demand and store it as polyphosphate. (waterworld.com)
  • This is a very broad group including many natural and anthropogenic substances, either containing phosphate or decomposing into it. (dcceew.gov.au)
  • These compounds include salts such as trisodium phosphate and calcium hydroxyapatite, and polyphosphates and organophosphates.The vast number and variety of molecular structures making up organic chemistry (that is, compounds based on carbon atoms) is mirrored in the chemistry of compounds based on phosphorus. (dcceew.gov.au)
  • This variety is based on the orthophosphates and the long-chain polyphosphates, compounds in which phosphate groups are linked by oxygen. (dcceew.gov.au)
  • Efficient prebiotic mechanisms toward the formation of high-energy phosphates such as polyphosphates containing the repeating (HPO 3 ) n moiety and phosphate esters have remained elusive as well 3 . (nature.com)
  • The polyphosphoric acid reacts with hydroxyl groups to form a nonstable phosphate ester. (appflameretardant.com)
  • In wastewater, P exists as one of several possible phosphate compounds including orthophosphate, polyphosphates, and organic phosphate (Crites and Tchobanoglous 1998). (ufl.edu)
  • Ammonium polyphosphate is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia containing both chains and possibly branching. (wikipedia.org)
  • The properties of ammonium polyphosphate depend on the number of monomers in each molecule and to a degree on how often it branches. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ammonium polyphosphate can be prepared by reacting concentrated phosphoric acid with ammonia. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, iron and aluminum impurities, soluble in concentrated phosphoric acid, form gelatinous precipitates or "sludges" in ammonium polyphosphate at pH between 5 and 7. (wikipedia.org)
  • [4] However, depending on the degree of polymerization, ammonium polyphosphate can act as a chelating agent to keep certain metal ions dissolved in solution. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is also used as a flame retardant in many applications such as paints and coatings, and in a variety of polymers: the most important ones are polyolefins , and particularly polypropylene, where APP is part of intumescent systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • US 4721519 , Thomas, William P. & Lawton, William S., "Stable ammonium polyphosphate liquid fertilizer from merchant grade phosphoric acid", published 1988-01-26, assigned to American Petro Mart Inc. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ammonium polyphosphate (Phase II) is a non-halogen flame retardant. (appflameretardant.com)
  • High-polymeric inorganic polyphosphates were found in living organisms by L. Liberman in 1890. (wikipedia.org)
  • The wastewater discharges from textile industry, which contains harmful organic dyes, high biochemical oxygen and chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), other inorganic pollutants (Mishra and Maiti 2019 ) are of utmost concern to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). (researchsquare.com)
  • Polyphosphates in water are unstable and eventually convert to orthophosphate. (ufl.edu)
  • Ammonium polyphosphates used as flame retardants in polymers have long chains and a specific crystallinity (Form II). (wikipedia.org)
  • Functional PEG-based polymers with reactive groups via anionic ROP of tailor-made epoxides. (mpg.de)
  • Biobased degradable PE-like polymers with precisely spaced vitamin C groups by acyclic diene metathesis polymerization. (mpg.de)
  • Three ways to represent the oxygen 4-membered ring structure of silicate compounds. (knowpia.com)
  • By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Polyphosphates arise by polymerization of phosphoric acid derivatives. (wikipedia.org)
  • It consists of three tetrahedral PO4 units linked together by sharing oxygen centres. (wikipedia.org)
  • In biology, the polyphosphate esters ADP and ATP are involved in energy storage. (wikipedia.org)
  • They participate in many regulatory mechanisms occurring in bacteria: They participate in the induction of rpoS, an RNA-polymerase subunit which is responsible for the expression of a large group of genes involved in adjustments to the stationary growth phase and many stressful agents. (wikipedia.org)
  • By microscopy with staining methods, it was proved that all of isolated bacteria had the activities of polyphosphate and PHB accumulation under the alternating anaerobic-anoxic conditions. (kyushu-u.ac.jp)
  • Reactive magnetron sputtering of Cu₂O: Dependence on oxygen pressure and interface formation with indium tin oxide. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • While low light conditions limit the energy uptake by algae, light absorption exceeding the maximal rate of photosynthesis may go along with enhanced formation of potentially toxic reactive oxygen species. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • In the condensed phase, the resultant carbonaceous char helps to shield the underlying polymer from attack by oxygen and radiant heat. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polyphosphates and organophosphates: These also vary widely in their solubility generally decreasing as the molecular weight increases, and again is very dependent on pH. (dcceew.gov.au)
  • A lone pair of electrons on an oxygen atom can be donated to a hydrogen ion (proton) or a metal ion in a typical Lewis acid-Lewis base interaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term may also be used more broadly as a synonym of lipid-any substance of biological relevance, composed of carbon, hydrogen, or oxygen, that is insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar solvents. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • Since the organic acids are among the most bioavailable source of microbial food, high concentrations in the influent often depress dissolved oxygen near the influent. (biologicalwasteexpert.com)
  • Ammonia dilutes the oxygen concentration and at the same time expands and loosens the carbon layer to isolate heat. (appflameretardant.com)
  • In the gas phase, the release of non-flammable carbon dioxide helps to dilute the oxygen of the air and flammable decomposition products of the material that is burning. (wikipedia.org)
  • A variety of polyphosphates find application in mineral sequestration in municipal waters, generally being present at 1 to 5 ppm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Water is generally classified into two groups: Surface Water and Ground Water. (everpurefilter.com)
  • However, as the water is exposed to oxygen, it can go orange-brown or black. (theberkey.com)
  • Crosslinked polyphosphates adopt the sheet-structure Phyllosilicates, but such structures occur only under extreme conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The alkaline conditions establishing in chilled raw shrimp during storage (0-1°C) is the probable cause for no benefits of chitosan treatments A and B used shortly after catch, except for the slower blackening of head and shell observed compared to the control group. (matis.is)
  • Polyphosphates are also used as food additives, marked E452. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fats are one of the three main macronutrient groups in human diet, along with carbohydrates and proteins, and the main components of common food products like milk, butter, tallow, lard, salt pork, and cooking oils. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • MTA Centre for Ecological Research, GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group, Klebelsberg Kuno str. (mdpi.com)
  • Iron helps because it's important in the formation of hemoglobin, which is the part of your red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • Designing such models involves deciding which species and reactions to include, which to leave out, and which to combine into groups. (biomedcentral.com)
  • UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA 192 Flame Retardants: A General Introduction This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, or the World Health Organization. (inchem.org)