Die Interleukin-1-Rezeptor-assoziierten Kinase 4 (IRAK-4) ist ein zentrales Protein des sogenannten „Myeloid differentiation primary response 88"-Signalwegs (MyD88-Signalwegs) (Suzuki et al. (springermedizin.de)
Proteins5
The conformational changes of the TLR4 induce the recruitment of intracellular adaptor proteins containing the TIR domain which is necessary to activate the downstream signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
There are four adaptor proteins involved in two major intracellular signaling pathways. (wikipedia.org)
The MyD88-dependent pathway is regulated by two adaptor-associated proteins: Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response Gene 88 (MyD88) and TIR Domain-Containing Adaptor Protein (TIRAP). (wikipedia.org)
TLR4-Ab remains sequestered at least 48 times longer than LPS within early endosomes, alters TLR4 signaling, and downregulates inflammatory genes and proteins, including nuclear factor-κB. (bvsalud.org)
TLR4 has also been designated as CD284 (cluster of differentiation 284). (wikipedia.org)
Greater presence of cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68)-expressing microglia/macrophages was detected in the infarct lesion in the subacute and chronic stage, compared to the acute stage. (en-journal.org)
Macrophages2
APOBEC3F apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3F: Candida albicans enhanced the production of the CCR5-interacting chemokines CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5, and stimulates the production of interferon-a and the restriction factors APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F, and tetherin (BST2) in macrophages Rodriguez et al, 2013 . (polygenicpathways.co.uk)
BST2 bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (Tetherin): Candida albicans enhanced the production of the CCR5-interacting chemokines CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5, and stimulates the production of interferon-a and the restriction factors APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F, and tetherin (BST2) in macrophages Rodriguez et al, 2013 . (polygenicpathways.co.uk)
Kinase2
TRAF6 induces the activation of TAK1 (Transforming growth factor-β-Activated Kinase 1) that leads to the activation of MAPK cascades (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) and IKK (IκB Kinase). (wikipedia.org)
The pathway uses a novel mechanism in which cytosolic latent transcription factors, known as signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), are tyrosine phosphorylated by Janus family tyrosine kinases (Jaks), allowing STAT protein dimerization and nuclear translocation. (sagepub.com)
Über Zwischenschritte führt dies zu einer Induktion der Transkriptionsfaktoren „nuclear factor-kappa of B cells" (NF-κB) und „activator protein-1" (AP-1) und einer konsekutiven Expression pro-inflammatorischer Zytokine (Abb. (springermedizin.de)
Interacts2
This domain interacts with adaptor molecules and activates a cascade which regulates the inflammatory status in cells [12]. (fortunejournals.com)
WWP2 interacts with transcription factor IRF7, promoting its non-degradative mono-ubiquitination, nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity, leading to upregulation of Ccl5 at transcriptional level. (nature.com)
Proliferation1
These factors stimulate proliferation, differentiation, and survival signals, as well as specialized functions in host resistance to pathogens. (sagepub.com)
Molecules1
Upon LPS recognition, conformational changes in the TLR4 receptors result in recruitment of intracellular TIR-domains containing adaptor molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Pathways1
Our research focuses on developmental pathways that regulate hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation and are disrupted in the course of neoplastic transformation, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
Colony1
The tumor-bearing mice were divided into granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) control group, G-CSF knock-down group, model control group, XHSP small dose group, XHSP medium dose group, XHSP high dose group, and cyclophosphamide (CTX) group, with 6 mice in each group. (bvsalud.org)
Receptor3
Network analysis of the differentially expressed genes demonstrated that this steroid hormone receptor superfamily member hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4) is usually a hub in several of the gene networks that distinguished children with arthritis from controls. (tech-strategy.org)
The binding of a growth factor brings the multiple monomeric receptor chains into close proximity resulting into the trans-phosphorylation of their cytoplamic domains, which consequently activates downstream signaling cascades. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
Formation of the cytokine receptor / JAK signaling complex and activation of JAK kinases leads to the phosphorylation of receptor chains, which creates docking sites for STAT ( S ignal T ransducers and A ctivators of T ranscription) transcription factors. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
Acute1
This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
Expressed genes3
Differentially expressed genes in granulocytes in JIA patients who achieved remission with methotrexate and etanercept vs. methotrexate alone. (tech-strategy.org)
Interactions between products of differentially expressed genes in granulocytes from patients with JIA who achieved remission using methotrexate alone (A) or Etanercept and Methotrexate (B) relative to granulocytes from controls. (tech-strategy.org)
RNA was prepared separately from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and granulocytes to UNC1215 identify differentially expressed genes using whole genome microarrays. (tech-strategy.org)
Cells9
Most myeloid cells also express high levels of CD14, which facilitates activation of TLR4 by LPS. (wikipedia.org)
These cells may be a key factor ultimately mediating the deviation of the antagonistic response between tumor inhibition and tumor promotion. (explorationpub.com)
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the mechanism of Xuanhusuo powder (XHSP) inhibiting the differentiation of spleen myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in breast cancer mice. (bvsalud.org)
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are associated with resistance to anti-PD-1 therapies. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we show that TLR4-Ab reverses T1D by induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). (bvsalud.org)
Unbiased gene expression analysis after TLR4-Ab treatment demonstrated upregulation of genes associated with CD11b+Ly6G+ myeloid cells and downregulation of T-cell genes. (bvsalud.org)
Sequential rounds of division and differentiation give rise to an enormous amplification of cell numbers, necessary for the production of mature blood cells. (justia.com)
Under these conditions, diffuse large lymphoma B cells proliferated, and addition of B cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) and IL-2 enhanced cell division. (cnrs.fr)
Response1
Confocal microscopy revealed that HNF4a is present in both T UNC1215 UNC1215 lymphocytes and granulocytes, suggesting a previously unsuspected role for this transcription factor in regulating leukocyte function and therapeutic response in JIA. (tech-strategy.org)
Induction1
IKKs' signaling pathway leads to the induction of the transcription factor NF-κB, while activation of MAPK cascades lead to the activation of another transcription factor AP-1. (wikipedia.org)
Tumor1
Due to the unobvious early symptoms and the influence of some adverse factors such as tumor heterogeneity and low immunogenicity, patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) cannot benefit significantly from treatments such as radical surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. (frontiersin.org)
Cell3
Gram-negative bacteria not only have different factors of virulence and generate products and sub-products that are toxic to apical and periapical tissues, but also contain endotoxin in the outer membrane of their cell wall. (bvsalud.org)
This process of division and differentiation is subject to regulation at many levels to control cell production. (justia.com)
It is involved in cell death, growth, and differentiation as well as tissue repair by tissue remodeling/wound healing and ECM assembly [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Promoter1
Its expression is regulated by promoter DNA methylation and the transcription factor SPI1. (mdpi.com)
Specific1
Here we focus on WWP2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that acts as a positive genetic regulator of human and murine cardiac fibrosis, and show that myeloid specific deletion of WWP2 reduces cardiac fibrosis in hypertension-induced NICM. (nature.com)
High1
Among cardiac macrophage subtypes, WWP2 dysfunction primarily affects Ly6c high monocytes via modulating Ccl5, and consequentially macrophage infiltration and activation, which contributes to reduced myofibroblast trans -differentiation. (nature.com)
Family1
Transglutaminases (TGase) are multifunctional enzymes and constitute a family of eight isozymes designated as blood coagulation factor XIII and TG1-7. (encyclopedia.pub)
Addition1
In addition, TG2 and factor XIIIa exhibit a Ca 2+ -dependent isopeptidase activity and can hydrolyze the isopeptide bond, at least under test tube conditions. (encyclopedia.pub)
Formation1
vasogenic factors, thrombin formation, erythrocyte lysis and hemoglobin (Hb) toxicity [ 5 ] have been proved to be related to brain edema growth [ 6 ]. (karger.com)