• In addition to complications seen from exposure to chemotherapy and radiation, patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation can experience unique late effects secondary to graft versus host disease (GVHD) and autoimmunity. (medscape.com)
  • Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a syndrome, characterized by inflammation in different organs. (wikipedia.org)
  • GvHD is commonly associated with bone marrow transplants and stem cell transplants. (wikipedia.org)
  • GvHD can also occur after a blood transfusion, known as Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease or TA-GvHD if the blood products used have not been gamma irradiated or treated with an approved leukocyte reduction system. (wikipedia.org)
  • The development of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in 17 patients was found, with time-dependent Cox regression analysis, to be associated with a significant reduction in post-BMT relapse risk (P=.04) and improved disease-free survival (P=.11). (umn.edu)
  • In bone marrow transplantation for leukemia, counterflow centrifugation is a useful technique for the prevention of GVHD. (ashpublications.org)
  • Among 1462 patients who had allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) between January 2000 and December 2005, 116 (7.9%) developed stage 3-4 gut GVHD. (nature.com)
  • Oral beclomethasone dipropionate for the treatment of gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). (nature.com)
  • Therapy of steroid-resistant graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) with antibodies to T cells or cytokines is of limited value because GVHD is mediated by a pleomorphic group of effective cells and cytokines. (nih.gov)
  • A new algorithm that uses a simple blood test performed 7 days after bone marrow transplant may predict serious, life-threatening graft-vs-host disease (GVHD), according to a study published online February 9 in the Journal of Clinical Investigation Insight . (medscape.com)
  • Here we show that in situ differentiated nc-moDCs mediate immunosuppression in the context of intestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • In dieser Dissertationsarbeit zeige ich, dass nc-mo-DCs in situ differenzieren und in der akuten intestinalen Graft-versus-Host Erkrankung (GVHD) immunsuppressiv wirken. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Immune-mediated tissue destruction of graft-vs-host disease (GvHD) remains a major barrier to greater use of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). (umass.edu)
  • Innovative Graft vs. Host Disease (GVHD) Prevention in bone marrow transplantations. (dryesha.com)
  • Learn how graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) can affect the skin, hair, and nail, and treatment options available to relieve symptoms. (bmtinfonet.org)
  • Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication after a stem cell transplant with donor cells (allogeneic transplant). (bmtinfonet.org)
  • It's a pleasure to speak with all of you today about graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) of, the skin, hair, and nails. (bmtinfonet.org)
  • Stopping rules were built into the study so that if too many patients either rejected their grafts or developed moderate to severe GVHD, the study would move to the 2nd cohort. (nih.gov)
  • BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the outcome of stem cell transplantation (SCT), including overall survival (OS), failure-free survival (FFS) and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD)-free/failure-free survival (GFFS), and to analyze prognostic. (koreamed.org)
  • Their relevance in terms of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). (koreamed.org)
  • Acute GVHD occurs in approximately 50% of patients who receive an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT). (einpresswire.com)
  • Efficacy with respect to GVHD response will be assessed using European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation-National Institutes of Health- Centre for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (EBMT-NIH-CIBMTR) Task Force Criteria. (who.int)
  • In the clinical setting, graft-versus-host disease is divided into acute and chronic forms, and scored or graded on the basis of the tissue affected and the severity of the reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the classical sense, acute graft-versus-host disease is characterized by selective damage to the liver, skin (rash), mucosa, and the gastrointestinal tract. (wikipedia.org)
  • Newer research indicates that other graft-versus-host disease target organs include the immune system (the hematopoietic system, e.g., the bone marrow and the thymus) itself, and the lungs in the form of immune-mediated pneumonitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chronic graft-versus-host disease also attacks the above organs, but over its long-term course can also cause damage to the connective tissue and exocrine glands. (wikipedia.org)
  • The chronic form of graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) normally begins 90 to 600 days post-transplant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Graft-versus-host disease is a potentially serious complication in a recipient of an allograft (usually a haematopoietic stem cell transplant) that arises from the attack of recipient tissues (such as the skin, liver or gut) by donor-derived T cells. (nature.com)
  • establish a convolutional neural network-based model to predict acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (nature.com)
  • Graft vs leukemia (GVL) effects independent of graft vs host disease were investigated in allogeneic bone marrow chimeras tolerant of host and donor alloantigens. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The data suggest that T cells may mediate GVL effects in the absence of graft vs host disease and in circumstances where tolerance to conventional alloantigens is elicited. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Induction of GVL effects by allogeneic cells tolerant of host MHC suggests that these effects may be independent of graft vs host disease. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is applied successfully to the treatment of many hematopoietic malignancies, but remains limited by severe acute graft-versus-host-disease (aGvHD). (frontiersin.org)
  • An acute graft-versus-host disease activity index to predict survival after hematopoietic cell transplantation with myeloablative conditioning regimens. (nature.com)
  • A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of oral beclomethasone dipropionate as a prednisone-sparing therapy for gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease. (nature.com)
  • Oral beclomethasone dipropionate for treatment of human intestinal graft-versus-host disease. (nature.com)
  • Prospective evaluation for upper gastrointestinal tract acute graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (nature.com)
  • Initial therapy of acute graft-versus-host disease with low-dose prednisone does not compromise patient outcomes. (nature.com)
  • Prochymal is a treatment for children suffering from graft-versus-host disease following bone marrow transplantation. (michaeljfox.org)
  • Cells fractionated by SBA do not produce graft vs host disease and can be used in bone marrow transplantation across histocompatibility barriers. (vectorlabs.com)
  • Requirement for B cells in T cell priming to minor histocompatibility antigens and development of graft-versus-host disease. (google.ca)
  • This video of mouse intestinal tissue sheds light on graft-versus-host disease. (mskcc.org)
  • Bone grafts are proven to be the most effective method of restoring bony jaw defects caused by a disease or invasive treatment. (termedia.pl)
  • My name is Marla O'Keefe and I will be your moderator for this workshop, Graft-versus-Host Disease: Skin, Hair, and Nails. (bmtinfonet.org)
  • Her outpatient clinical practice is devoted to caring for people affected by graft-versus-host disease. (bmtinfonet.org)
  • PURPOSE: To identify the symptoms and signs of patients with dry eye disease (DED) after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and analyze the correlations between these signs and symptoms. (koreamed.org)
  • Joint contracture in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is refractory to treatment, and tends to deteriorate gradually over time. (koreamed.org)
  • The bone donor was a 52-year-old man who had donated his left femoral head, which was excised during a hip arthroplasty procedure performed for degenerative joint disease in November 1984. (cdc.gov)
  • Remestemcel-L is being developed for inflammatory diseases in children and adults including steroid refractory acute graft versus host disease, biologic-resistant inflammatory bowel disease, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. (einpresswire.com)
  • Berger M, Pessolano R, Carraro F, Saglio F, Vassallo E, Fagioli F. Steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease graded III-IV in pediatric patients. (einpresswire.com)
  • Rashidi A, DeFor T, Holtan S, Blazar B, Weisdorf D, MacMillan M. Outcomes and Predictors of Response in Steroid-Refractory Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease. (einpresswire.com)
  • 2. Clinical and Histological diagnosis of gastrointestinal Graft-versus-Host Disease from any site in the GI tract. (who.int)
  • Recipients will be patients who have had an allogeneic bone marrow transplant and who have steroid dependent (SD) or steroid refractory (SR) Graft-versus-Host Disease. (who.int)
  • PURPOSE: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains the major cause of late morbidity after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Graft-versus-host disease after liver transplantation is associated with bone marrow failure, hemophagocytosis, and DNMT3A mutations. (cdc.gov)
  • Covariance pattern models were used to determine predictors of regret over time, including baseline characteristics and post-alloHCT outcomes (acute or chronic graft-versus-host-disease, disease recurrence). (cdc.gov)
  • The risk of regretting transplantation was 17.5 percentage points (95% confidence interval, 5.5-29.7 percentage points) greater in patients who developed disease recurrence after HCT compared with patients who did not. (cdc.gov)
  • To stimulate and facilitate further research, the NCI and NHLBI held the First International Consensus Conference on Late Effects after Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation on April 28 and 29, 2011. (medscape.com)
  • Reduced mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation. (nature.com)
  • Parabiosis experiments revealed that tissue-resident non-classical CX3CR1+ monocytes differentiated in situ into intestinal CD11b+ nc-moDCs after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The specific medications administered depend on the choice of therapy and whether it is supportive care only, immunosuppressive therapy, or hematopoietic cell transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • Central venous catheter placement is required before the administration of hematopoietic cell transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • providing evidence for an immunological graft-versus-leukemia effect (GvL). (frontiersin.org)
  • Two recent series from North American centres with extensive experience in transplantation of CF patients have documented 1-yr survival rates of 50% versus 83% and 67% versus 96% among CF patients with and without B. cepacia , respectively 7 , 8 . (ersjournals.com)
  • [ 2 , 8 ] Survivors of bone marrow transplantation were more likely to have a severe or life threatening condition (relative risk [RR] = 3.9), more than one chronic condition (RR = 2.6), functional impairment (RR=3.5), and activity limitations (RR = 5.8) than conventionally treated patients. (medscape.com)
  • The projected 3-year probability of relapse was 30% (95% confidence interval [CI], range 8% to 53%) in transplants for AML in first complete remission (CR1), 35% (95% CI, 1% to 69%) after transplantation for ALL in CR1, and 38% (95% CI, 2% to 74%) after transplantation for CML in first chronic phase (CP1). (ashpublications.org)
  • Most common indication for iliac crest bone graft harvesting was fresh trauma which was 54%(n-30) followed by non-union 25%(n-14), tumor reconstruction 7.1%(n-4), mal-union 5.4%(n-3), deformity correction 5.4%(n-3) and in chronic osteomyelitis 3.6%(n-2). (ispub.com)
  • White blood cells of the donor's immune system which remain within the donated tissue (the graft) recognize the recipient (the host) as foreign (non-self). (wikipedia.org)
  • The gold standard for the treatment of bone defects is the use of autografts (patient's own tissue). (bartleby.com)
  • Therefore, an alternative method to autograft bone treatment is the use of allografts (tissue from another patient). (bartleby.com)
  • Specifically when developing a device to fix a medical bone issue, tissue engineering plays a crucial role. (bartleby.com)
  • Organ and tissue transplantation can give a second chance at life to thousands of people. (medindia.net)
  • Hair regenerative medicine must involve practical procedures, such as cryopreservation of tissue grafts. (researchgate.net)
  • Hair follicle germs (HFGs), identified during in vivo development, are considered effective tissue grafts for hair regenerative. (researchgate.net)
  • Low-power view of hematoxylin-eosin-stained bone marrow showing hypocellularity, with increased adipose tissue and decreased hematopoietic cells in the marrow space. (medscape.com)
  • Low power, H and E showing a hypocellular bone marrow with increased adipose tissue and decreased hematopoietic cells in the marrow space. (medscape.com)
  • Although it is possible to expand naturally occurring T(regs), an attractive alternative possibility, particularly suited to solid organ and bone marrow transplantation, is the stimulation of total T cell populations with defined allogeneic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) under conditions that lead to the generation or expansion of donor-reactive, adaptive T(regs). (lu.se)
  • Injury to the cutaneous nerve around the crest constitutes the major component of morbidity after iliac crest bone graft harvesting. (ispub.com)
  • The projected 3-year probability of leukemia-free survival (LFS) was 56% (95% CI, 35% to 77%) after transplantation for AML-CR1, 42% (95% CI, 16% to 69%) in patients transplanted for ALL-CR1, and 49% (95% CI, 18% to 80%) after transplantation for CML-CP1. (ashpublications.org)
  • Probabilities of relapse, survival, and LFS in AML-CR1 and ALL-CR1 transplants were comparable with those reported in recipients of untreated grafts. (ashpublications.org)
  • Surgical advances, in conjunction with more effective immunosuppressive strategies, have propelled the field of lung transplantation forward and have made intermediate-term survival an achievable goal. (ersjournals.com)
  • The purpose of our study is to assess the complications related to bone grafting site of iliac crest, simultaneously evaluation and assessment of various techniques used for harvesting the bone graft from the iliac crest. (ispub.com)
  • Bone graft was harvested from anterior or posterior iliac crest by wolfe-kawamoto's, outer cortex, inner cortex and tricortical graft harvesting and trephine techniques. (ispub.com)
  • Conclusion- Harvesting bone graft from iliac crest is not without complications. (ispub.com)
  • Anterior and posterior iliac crest are good sources of large cancellous and cortico-cancellous graft. (ispub.com)
  • There are various methods of graft harvesting from iliac crest- graft from outer cortex, graft from inner cortex, wolfe-kawamoto's method, tricortical graft, "trap-door" technique, "table-splitting" method and trephine technique 1, 5 . (ispub.com)
  • Many studies reporting on the morbidity of the iliac crest bone graft have reported overall complications ranging from 15% to 49% 3,4 . (ispub.com)
  • 56 patients who had undergone iliac crest bone graft harvesting between September2003-September2004 were studied retrospectively. (ispub.com)
  • To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in which autogenous bone marrow transplantation, noninvasive to the iliac crest, was performed in an incomplete AFF patient. (hindawi.com)
  • [ 7 ] of 798 patients who survived more than 5 years after transplantation, 328 were children. (medscape.com)
  • Forty remission patients with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) underwent matched allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) following preparation with cyclophosphamide and fractionated total body irradation (TBI). (umn.edu)
  • In patients transplanted for CML-CP1, probability of relapse was higher and probability of LFS was lower than in recipients of untreated grafts. (ashpublications.org)
  • To date, six patients have relapsed and died, two after a second hematopoietic stem cell transplantation without T-cell depletion or administration of unmodified T-cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Persistent nausea and anorexia after marrow transplantation: a prospective study of 78 patients. (nature.com)
  • To develop the algorithm, researchers collected blood samples from 1287 patients 7 days after they underwent bone marrow transplant at 11 centers in the MAGIC consortium. (medscape.com)
  • While Dr Ferrara stressed that it is a "major step toward precision medicine" for patients undergoing bone marrow transplant, he cautioned about rushing its use into clinical practice. (medscape.com)
  • Graft harvesting techniques- wolfe-kaamoto's used in 15(27%), outer cortex in 30 patients (55%), inner cortex in 1(1.8%), and tricortical in 8(14%) and trephine method in 1(1.8%) patient. (ispub.com)
  • We documented that incidence of zygomycosis increased, particularly in patients with hematologic malignancies or bone marrow transplants. (cdc.gov)
  • and finally, prolonged use of new antifungal drugs ineffective against zygomycetes as prophylactic or empiric treatment in bone marrow transplant recipients or other immunocompromised patients ( 10 , 17 - 20 ). (cdc.gov)
  • One of the 3 patients engrafted but lost the graft at 7 months post-transplant. (nih.gov)
  • Based on the three patients losing their grafts, stopping rules were met and the study moved to the 2nd cohort where 1 dose of Cy was given at 50mg/kg on day 3 post-transplant. (nih.gov)
  • Transplantation of patients with underlying cystic fibrosis (CF), whose native airways and sinuses are chronically infected with virulent bacterial pathogens, initially raised unique concerns about the potential excessive risk of postoperative infections. (ersjournals.com)
  • Objective To determine the effectiveness of standardized manual lymphatic drainage in reducing facial edema, interincisal distance and pain after alveolar bone grafting surgery in patients with cleft lip and palate. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conclusion The proposed manual lymphatic drainage procedure provided significant reduction in facial edema reduction, in pain, and interincisal distance increase, reinforcing the hypothesis that this technique was effective in accelerating the recovery of patients with cleft lip and palate undergoing alveolar bone grafting surgery. (bvsalud.org)
  • The clinical presentation of patients with aplastic anemia includes signs and symptoms related to the decrease in bone marrow production of hematopoietic cells. (medscape.com)
  • Prevalence of decisional regret among patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and associations with quality of life and clinical outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • Conclusions: Among patients who underwent alloHCT and lived to 100 days, the majority did not report regretting their transplantation. (cdc.gov)
  • The present report describes an incomplete atypical femoral fracture (AFF) patient who underwent simultaneous autogenous bone transplantation to the resected fracture region during intramedullary nail fixation. (hindawi.com)
  • Autogenous bone grafts are bone transplantation using bone with a donor site from the same individual, with or without vascularization [6, 7]. (termedia.pl)
  • Orthopedic trauma care covers the spectrum of simple isolated fractures to severe life threatening accidents with multiple broken bones. (rushortho.com)
  • The present report shows a minimally invasive procedure, which could facilitate bone union in incomplete AFF. (hindawi.com)
  • When cases are reported in follow-ups, investigators usually concentrate upon treatment outcome of the principle problems and not on the donor site morbidity from harvesting a bone graft. (ispub.com)
  • On the otherhand, it also has drawbacks including limited supply, need for additional surgery for bone extraction and donor site morbidity. (bartleby.com)
  • 1 ] reported that long-term alendronate therapy could cause severely suppressed bone turnover (SSBT), resulting in delayed healing of nonspinal fractures. (hindawi.com)
  • More significant injuries with multiple broken bones, compound fractures and fractures near a joint, and fractures of the pelvis are more difficult to treat, and benefit the most from specialized care. (rushortho.com)
  • Background - Harvesting autograft bone from the ilium is not without complications. (ispub.com)
  • In addition toallograft rejection (a topic covered elsewhere in this series), a multitude of medical complications mark the post-transplantation course. (ersjournals.com)
  • Therefore, when engineering a material it is imperative to maximize the biocompatibility in order to induce osteoblast production, ultimately healing the damaged bone. (bartleby.com)
  • Several methods are widely used to treat bony defects, from filling it with bone matrices to grafting bones to induce or help skeletal defects to regenerate [5]. (termedia.pl)
  • It is now widely accepted that immunocompetent lymphocytes in allogeneic bone marrow grafts exert an antileukemic effect that contributes to the cure of leukemia. (ox.ac.uk)
  • At 7 months after surgery, radiographs demonstrated complete bone repair, and no clinical problems were observed two years postoperatively. (hindawi.com)
  • HTA groups such as NICE and ANAES (Agence Nationale d'Accreditation et d'Evaluation en Sante) in France are seen as being much more influential since they impact on clinical practice and reimbursement. (bmj.com)
  • Ma DD , 2007 , 'Expression of Neurofilament Proteins in Adult Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Embryonic Stem Cells and Their Clinical Potential' , in Davenport LP (ed. (edu.au)
  • The limitations of these two approaches for the treatment of bone defects can be overcome by the use of synthetic bone scaffolds. (bartleby.com)
  • Use of stents in vein grafts was considered an acceptable treatment. (bmj.com)
  • Our bone grafting procedure is designed to help build up the bone to a level adequate for dental implant placement. (bartleby.com)
  • The recipient had no known risk for HIV infection other than the bone grafting procedure, and the bone donor was subsequently found to have been infected with HIV. (cdc.gov)
  • Allograft bone obtained from the hospital bone bank was used in the procedure. (cdc.gov)
  • To improve the quality of liver grafts from extended-criteria donors donated after circulatory death (DCD), this study explored whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) combined with normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) have protective effects on DCD donor livers and the effects of ferroptosis in this procedure. (medscimonit.com)
  • Bone regeneration is required to treat these defects, provide support for dental implants, jaw reconstruction after cystic lesion removal, cleft repair, etc. [3, 4]. (termedia.pl)
  • Case reports have shown significant results of adding platelet-rich fibrin to bone grafting procedures for bone regeneration in sinus augmentation, cleft reconstruction, and fistula management [11, 12]. (termedia.pl)
  • Detection of residual tumor cells, an indicator for efficacy of GVL, was carried out by adoptive transfer of peripheral blood or spleen cells obtained from treated chimeras into secondary naive BALB/c recipients at different time intervals following bone marrow transplantation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Aplastic anemia is a syndrome of bone marrow failure characterized by peripheral pancytopenia and marrow hypoplasia (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Paul Ehrlich introduced the concept of aplastic anemia in 1888 when he reported the case of a pregnant woman who died of bone marrow failure. (medscape.com)
  • Dr. Markova is a board-certified dermatologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, who specializes in treating skin conditions that result from bone marrow transplantation. (bmtinfonet.org)
  • Methods Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research data from 184 adults who completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplant (FACT-BMT) before undergoing alloHCT and at day 100 were used. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, the development of methods to improve the regenerative potential of non-vascularized bone graft (NVBG) are currently on the rise [6]. (termedia.pl)
  • Novel study opens up a new avenue for treating two rare bone diseases - Heterotopic Ossification (HO) and Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP). (medindia.net)
  • 2002 until 2007), two were included in TK007 (2005-2009) and six serves as a control group for outcome after haploidentical transplantation without HSV-TK-transduced DLI. (frontiersin.org)
  • Regulatory T cells (T(regs)) manipulated ex vivo have potential as cellular therapeutics in autoimmunity and transplantation. (lu.se)
  • Histological examination showed few bone formation features at the fracture line in the excised lateral cortical bone. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, recent histological studies clarified few bone formation features at the thin fracture lines of incomplete AFF cases [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This bone marrow film at 400X magnification demonstrates a complete absence of hemopoietic cells. (medscape.com)
  • Mice were reconstituted with C57BL/6 bone marrow cells depleted of well-defined T-cell subsets or enriched for stem cells by the soybean agglutination method. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Osteoblasts are the main bone forming cells that originate from mesenchymal stem cell lineage. (bartleby.com)
  • An important application for SBA is the separation of pluripotent stem cells from human bone marrow. (vectorlabs.com)
  • The imaging technique shows clearly for the first time that after bone marrow transplantation the invading T cells from the donor (green) go mainly to the crypt base region of the intestine (bottom of frame). (mskcc.org)
  • Platelets are cells derived from the bone marrow containing or producing several biomolecules, such as platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF), interleukin 1, platelet-derived endothelial growth factors, basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factors (TGF-1 and TGF-2), and vascular endothelial growth factors. (termedia.pl)
  • Sushruta Samhita, an ancient Sanskrit text on medicine and surgery, describes 'Asthipoorana' or bone grafting in which materials having calcium were combined with the latex of the banyan tree to form bone substitutes. (medindia.net)
  • Since the earliest recorded successful bone transplantation was carried out in 1668 by Van Meek'ren, a Dutch surgeon, more than 50 bone substitutes have been tested and tried. (medindia.net)
  • The latest in bone graft substitutes and bone-forming proteins are often used to assist in the reconstruction of bones that have not healed. (rushortho.com)
  • The principles, indications and techniques of bone grafting were well established before " the metallurgic age" of orthopedic surgery. (ispub.com)