• Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), known to be present in airway mucus, are macromolecules with a variety of structural and biological functions. (nih.gov)
  • Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharides and help to keep water. (premiumbeautynews.com)
  • GALNS deficiency induces the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), keratan sulfate (KS) and chondroitin-6-sulfate (C6S) in multiple tissues, particularly bone, cartilage, heart valves, and cornea, whereas β-galactosidase deficiency induces the accumulation of only KS in those tissues. (medscape.com)
  • Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) constitute the main building blocks of the endothelial glycocalyx (GLX), and disruption of GLX initiates and promotes endothelial dysfunction. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Here, we aimed to develop a novel, specific and accurate LC-SRM/MS-based method for glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) profiling. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • The key components of articular cartilage are proteoglycans, which are large molecules composed of a core protein and attached glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) chains. (finfactbuddy.com)
  • It is the most fundamental building block required for biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) like Hyaluronic Acid, Keratan Sulfate and Chondroitin Sulfate. (com.bd)
  • Semiquantification of urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) can be obtained by spectrophotometric assays with dimethylmethylene blue. (medscape.com)
  • Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are caused by deficiency of liposomal enzyme activities needed to degrade glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are long unbranched polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharides. (iomcworld.org)
  • They consist of long-core protein molecules with glycosaminoglycans, or GAGs, growing off their sides like bristles on a hair brush. (vin.com)
  • The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a varied group of rare inherited lysosomal storage disorders, in which an affected person lacks a specific enzyme that is needed to break down glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a family of disorders that are caused by inherited defects in the catabolism of sulfated components of connective tissue known as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). (mhmedical.com)
  • The main enzymatic defects in the catabolism of the GAGs dermatan, heparan, and keratan sulfate are shown in eFigure 160.1 . (mhmedical.com)
  • Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are routinely found associated with amyloid deposits in most amyloidosis diseases, and there is evidence to support an active role of GAGs in amyloid fibril formation in some cases. (usf.edu)
  • Certain GAGs (heparin, heparan sulfate) and other highly sulfated polymers (dextran sulfate) were found to significantly stimulate the formation of α-synuclein fibrils. (usf.edu)
  • We have previously demonstrated that chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) on breast cancer cells function as P-selectin ligands. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among glycans that play a critical role in stromal tumor cell interactions are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) attached to proteoglycans (PGs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are large linear-unbranched polysaccharide chains with repeating disaccharide units of amino sugar (either GlcNAc or GalNAc) and an uronic acid (either glucuronic acid and/or iduronic acid). (caslab.com)
  • In virtually all animal tissues, the cell membranes and the extracellular matrices (ECM) are decorated with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparin and heparan sulfate (HS), which are linear sulfated polysaccharides. (caslab.com)
  • Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) or Hunter syndrome is an X-linked recessive lysosomal storage disorder resulting from deficient activity of iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS) and the progressive lysosomal accumulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Electrophoresis of GAGs on a cellulose acetate plate in the presence of a high concentration of heparane sulfate showed an abnormal dermatan sulfate band in the patients compared with that in a control case. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Their protein backbones are linked to different glycosaminoglycans, such as dermatan-, chondroitin-, keratan- or heparan sulphate. (lu.se)
  • In medium of EA.hy926 cells subjected to GAG-degrading enzymes various GAG-specific disaccharides indicating the degradation of keratan sulphate (KS), heparan sulphate (HS), chondroitin sulphate (CHS) or hyaluronan (HA) were detected as predicted based on the characteristics of individual enzyme activity. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • These chains of molecules are called glycosaminoglycans (formerly called mucopolysaccharides). (medlineplus.gov)
  • The presence of this fluid imparts incompressibility, but at the same time due to the negative charges on the glycosaminoglycans, the chains repel each other, eventually, resulting in a slick and slippery fluid (mucus, synovial fluid). (biologywise.com)
  • Schematic representation of glycosaminoglycan chains (Merida-de-Barros, D.A. (bioglyco.com)
  • Five glycosaminoglycan chains were identified, viz. (caslab.com)
  • Chondroitin sulfate is the most predominant glycosaminoglycan found in articular cartilage, and it binds to the core protein to form proteoglycan aggregates. (finfactbuddy.com)
  • OMIM 253010), based on a deficiency of different lysosomal enzymes-N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) and β-galactosidase, respectively. (medscape.com)
  • Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) is a class of highly sulfated, negatively charged and dispersed linear polysaccharides, usually composed of a backbone of repeating disaccharide units formed by uronic acid and glycosamine residue. (bioglyco.com)
  • Aggrecan belongs to the chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan family, which also includes Versican, Brevican, and Neurocan. (rndsystems.com)
  • Each Aggrecan molecule contains approximately 100 and 30 keratan sulfate and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sidechains, respectively. (rndsystems.com)
  • Depletion of glycosaminoglycan bearing aggrecan fragments is one of the earliest events in cartilage destruction. (mdbioproducts.com)
  • The body needs these enzymes to break down long strands of sugar molecules called keratan sulfate. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Glycosaminoglycans are unusual molecules that, due to their very important biological and physiological functions, have found wide application in medicine. (humanandpets.com)
  • GALNS deficiency causes a block in the sequential breakdown of glycosaminoglycans N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS) Morquio A (MPS IVA) Morquio B (MPS IVB) -D-Galactosidase Neufeld, EF and Muenzer, J. The Mucopolysaccharidoses. (slideserve.com)
  • The enzymes deficient in Morquio syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type IV) are galactosamine-6-sulfatase (ie, N -acetyl-galactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase) and β -galactosidase. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] these studies strongly suggest that the defect in keratan sulfate synthesis in macular corneal dystrophy is not restricted to corneal cells and that this condition is one manifestation of a systemic disorder of keratan sulfate. (medscape.com)
  • Keratan sulfate was not detected in the serum of patients with histopathologically confirmed macular corneal dystrophy. (medscape.com)
  • Here we show that PNN abundance within the Arc is markedly reduced in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model of T2D, compared with normoglycaemic rats, correlating with altered PNN-associated sulfation patterns of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans in the MBH. (nature.com)
  • Soares da Costa, D., Reis, R. L. & Pashkuleva, I. Sulfation of glycosaminoglycans and its implications in human health and disorders. (nature.com)
  • Y-27632 eye drops (or vehicle only) were administered to eyes after a superficial keratectomy, and the tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry for α-SMA, collagen types I, II, and III, and keratan sulfate. (molvis.org)
  • After superficial keratectomies, collagen type I and keratan sulfate were unchanged by Y-27632 application. (molvis.org)
  • These hair brush bristles consist of keratin sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, both of which are included in many popular over-the-counter joint supplements. (vin.com)
  • In 1974, the GALNS enzyme and its deficiency were discovered and identified using oligosaccharide substrate prepared from C6S containing N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate. (medscape.com)
  • Transient transfection of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 with the siRNAs for carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase-11 ( CHST11 ) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 ( CSPG4 ) was used to investigate the involvement of these genes in expression of surface P-selectin ligands. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Morquio syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type IV), mildly affected patients do not always excrete keratan sulfate (KS) fragments. (medscape.com)
  • Based on clinical manifestations of MPS II patients, the biochemical analyses i.e., quantitative and qualitative urinary glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentration, are usually performed first. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Glycosaminoglycans are substances that function as very efficient shock absorbers and as lubricant for the joints. (mypetneedsthat.com)
  • Chondroitin sulfate monoclonal antibody (mouse, clone 1B5) to detect the zero sulphated Chondroitin Sulphate stub neoepitope generated by chondroit. (mdbioproducts.com)
  • In humans, about 90 percent of glucosamine, administered as an oral dose of glucosamine sulfate, is absorbed from the digestive tract. (com.bd)
  • The results indicate that vitreous inhibition of retinal extract-induced neovascularization is dose dependent, while the sulfated glycosaminoglycans tested had no antiangiogenic activity. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • OBJECTIVES: The expression patterns of various cell-associated heparan and chondroitin/dermatan-sulphate PGs in human skin and chronic venous ulcers were investigated. (lu.se)
  • In both types, abnormally large amounts of glycosaminoglycans build up in the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Keratan sulfate (KS) was isolated from chicken egg white in amounts corresponding to ∼0.06 wt% (dry weight). (rpi.edu)
  • C6 glioma cells were derived from rat central nervous system and were previously shown to display glycosaminoglycans, heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfates, on their surface [43, 61, 68]. (phosphatases.com)
  • Chrondroitin sulfate is an important glycosaminoglycan that plays a role in tissue repair by promoting the faster growth of cells. (mypetneedsthat.com)